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Redalyc.Hábitos Alimentarios De La Raya Urobatis Halleri (Cooper, 1863) Ciencias Marinas ISSN: 0185-3880 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México Valadez González, Carmen; Aguilar Palomino, Bernabé; Hernández Vázquez, Salvador Hábitos alimentarios de la raya Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) (Chondrichthyes: urolophidae) capturada en la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima, México Ciencias Marinas, vol. 27, núm. 1, marzo, 2001, pp. 91-104 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48027106 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ciencias Marinas (2001), 27(1): 91–104 HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DE LA RAYA Urobatis halleri (COOPER, 1863) (CHONDRICHTHYES: UROLOPHIDAE) CAPTURADA EN LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE JALISCO Y COLIMA, MÉXICO FEEDING HABITS OF THE ROUND STINGRAY Urobatis halleri (COOPER, 1863) (CHONDRICHTHYES: UROLOPHIDAE) FROM THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF JALISCO AND COLIMA, MEXICO Carmen Valadez-González* Bernabé Aguilar-Palomino Salvador Hernández-Vázquez Centro de Ecología Costera Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur Universidad de Guadalajara Gómez Farias No. 82 San Patricio-Melaque Cihuatlán, C.P. 48980, Jalisco, México * E-mail: [email protected] Recibido en junio de 2000; aceptado en octubre de 2000 RESUMEN Se analizaron los estómagos de 295 rayas de la especie Urobatis halleri (Urolophus halleri), capturadas en la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima (México), en muestreos mensuales de septiembre de 1997 a agosto de 1998. De acuerdo con el índice de importancia relativa, esta especie se alimentó principalmente de invertebrados bentónicos, como los estomatópodos Eurysquilla veleronis y Meiosquilla swetti, anfípodos, el decápodo Processa peruviana y brachiuros portúnidos, y en una menor proporción, de poliquetos y peces. Palabras clave: Urobatis halleri, hábitos alimentarios, Jalisco y Colima, México. ABSTRACT A total of 295 stomach contents of round stingray Urobatis halleri (Urolophus halleri), from the continental shelf of Jalisco and Colima (Mexico), were analyzed. The samples were taken seasonally from September 1997 to August 1998. The index of relative importance was used to determine the prey importance. This species feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, such as the stomatopods Eurysquilla veleronis and Meiosquilla swetti, amphipods, other crustaceans, the shrimp Processa peruviana and brachyuran portunids, and to a lesser extent, on polychaetes and fishes. Key words: Urobatis halleri, feeding habits, Jalisco and Colima, Mexico. 91 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2001 INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION Los peces cartilaginosos de la familia The cartilaginous fishes of the family Urolophidae, denominados comúnmente rayas Urolophidae, commonly known as round redondas, incluyen diez especies agrupadas en stingray, comprise ten species in two genera: dos géneros: Urobatis , con tres especies, y Urobatis , with three species, and Urotrygon, Urotrygon, con siete especies. Su distribución with seven species. They are found in es propia de zonas tropicales y templado- tropicaland warm-temperate zones, generally cálidas, generalmente en aguas someras, in shallow waters, lagoons and estuaries, lagunas y estuarios, aunque algunas especies although some species can occur at depths pueden encontrarse en profundidades mayores greater than 100 m. These fishes are benthic de 100 m. Las rayas son bentónicas y permane- and often remain partially buried in soft cen a menudo parcialmente semienterradas en bottoms for long periods of time (McEachran, fondos blandos por largos periodos de tiempo 1995). (McEachran, 1995). There are few studies on the feeding habits Los trabajos sobre alimentación de las of the stingrays of the family Urolophidae and rayas de la familia Urolophidae son escasos y even fewer on the species Urobatis halleri aún más reducidos para la especie Urobatis (Urolophus halleri); for example, those carried halleri (Urolophus halleri); entre los que out by Stanley-Babel (1967) in Ventura and podemos citar se encuentran los realizados por San Diego, California, and by Bocanegra- Stanley-Babel (1967) en Ventura y San Diego, Castillo (1998) at Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California, y por Bocanegra-Castillo (1998) en California Sur, Mexico. la Laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur, For the coasts of Jalisco and Colima, no México. studies are available on the stingrays and, in Para las costas de Jalisco y Colima, se des- particular, the trophic biology. Therefore, this conocen trabajos sobre las rayas y en particular is one of the first works to be conducted in the los relacionados con la biología trófica. Por tropical Mexican Pacific, which deals with the tanto, el presente trabajo constituye uno de los feeding habits of the round stingray U. halleri, primeros estudios realizados en el Pacífico as well as with the seasonal variation of the tropical mexicano, en el que se abordan los main groups of prey and their variability rela- hábitos alimentarios de la raya U. halleri, así tive to the size of this species. como la variación estacional de los principales grupos de presas y su variabilidad con respecto STUDY AREA a la talla de esta especie. Urobatis halleri was caught at Navidad ÁREA DE ESTUDIO Bay (19º10¢N, 104º45¢W), on the continental shelf of Jalisco, and off the beach of El Coco Las capturas de U. halleri se realizaron en (19º09¢N, 104º40¢W), on the continental shelf Bahía Navidad, ubicada en la plataforma conti- of Colima (fig. 1). The continental shelf in this nental de Jalisco, entre 19º10¢N y 104º45¢W, y area is narrow, with a predominantly rocky frente a la playa El Coco, en la plataforma bottom (Ruíz-Durá, 1985). The soft sediments continental de Colima, entre los 19º09¢N y are composed of clayey-silt, sandy-silt and 104º40¢W (fig. 1). Estas zonas costeras presen- medium sand, and are more heterogeneous in tan una plataforma continental estrecha, donde the shallow zones and homogeneous in the 92 Valadez-González et al.: Hábitos alimentarios de Urobatis halleri en Jalisco y Colima, México México Jalisco Colima 19°15´ Jalisco N Melaque Barra de Bahía Navidad Navidad Océano Colima El Coco 19°08´ Pacífico 5 km 104°45´ 104°38´ Figura 1. Localización geográfica del área de estudio, indicando los sitios de muestreo. Figure 1. Geographic location of the study area, showing the sampling sites. predominan fondos rocosos (Ruíz-Durá, 1985) deep zones, where the particle size decreases y sedimentos blandos, estos últimos constitui- (Ríos-Jara et al., 1996). dos por tres tipos de substratos: limo arcilloso, limo arenoso y arena media; asimismo, presen- MATERIAL AND METHODS tan una mayor heterogeneidad en las zonas someras y homogeneidad en las profundas The stomachs analyzed were obtained from donde disminuye el tamaño de la partícula specimens caught aboard the research vessel (Ríos-Jara et al., 1996). BIP-V of the University of Guadalajara. This vessel is 12 m long and is equipped for shrimp MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS trawling with semi-Portuguese nets on both sides. Samples were collected monthly at Los estómagos analizados se obtuvieron de Navidad Bay and El Coco, from September los ejemplares capturados a bordo del barco de 1997 to August 1998, at four depths: 20, 40, 60 investigaciones pesqueras BIP-V, de la Univer- and 80 m. The order in which sampling was sidad de Guadalajara. Esta embarcación tiene done was randomly selected. A 30-minute-long 12 m de eslora y está equipada para la pesca de trawl was done at each depth and the samples arrastre de camarón con redes tipo semi- from the same site were taken the same night. portuguesas por ambas bandas. Las muestras The length (centimeters) and weight (grams) of fueron recolectadas mensualmente en Bahía each specimen caught were determined. The 93 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2001 Navidad y El Coco, de septiembre de 1997 a stomachs were removed and placed in agosto de 1998. El orden de muestreo se realizó polyethylene bags with a 10% formaldehyde en forma aleatoria y en cada localidad se solution. definieron cuatro estratos de muestreo: 20, 40, For the analysis of the stomach content, the 60 y 80 m. En cada uno de estos estratos se different prey species were separated according realizó un arrastre de 30 minutos de duración, to their taxonomic group and identified to the tomándose todas las muestras de una misma most specific level possible, which depended localidad en una misma noche. De cada mainly on the degree of digestion of the prey. ejemplar capturado se determinó su longitud The keys of Eschmeyer et al. (1983) and Allen (centímetros) y peso (gramos) total; se extra- and Robertson (1994) were used for the identi- jeron los estómagos y se preservaron en bolsas fication of the fish. The crustaceans were deter- de polietileno con una solución de formalde- mined based on their anatomical appendages, hído al 10%. using the keys of Brusca (1980), Fisher et al. Para proceder al análisis del contenido (1995) and Hendrickx (1996, 1997). The poly- estomacal, se separaron las diferentes especies chaetes were identified according to De León- presas de acuerdo con el grupo taxonómico, González (1994). identificándose hasta la categoría más especí- The quantitative analysis of the stomach fica posible, lo que dependió fundamental- content was done with the following methods: mente del grado de digestión de las presas. Para numeric (N), gravimetric (W) and frequency of el caso de los peces, la determinación taxonó- occurrence (FO) (Pinkas et al., 1971; Cailliet et mica se realizó utilizando las claves generales al., 1986; Rosecchi and Nouaze, 1987). The de Eschmeyer et al. (1983) y Allen y Robertson index of relative importance (IRI), proposed by (1994). Los crustáceos se identificaron a través Pinkas et al. (1971), was also used, which de sus apéndices anatómicos, utilizando las cla- incorporates the three previous methods by ves de Brusca (1980), Fischer et al.
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