original following subsidence. subsidence. following original and took place in a number of stages stages of number a in place took Bay Sawyers and Dunedin

was replaced by a replica of the the of replica a by replaced was

The causeway construction and double-tracking between between double-tracking and construction causeway The

Railways. In the 1960s the floor floor the 1960s the In Railways.

backfilled to form the embankments seen today. today. seen embankments the form to backfilled

especially for the Zealand New the for especially

Tunnel, the line was elevated on a timber trestle that was then then was that trestle timber a on elevated was line the Tunnel,

by Royal Doulton in England England in Doulton Royal by

standard. Between Road and the Caversham Caversham the and Road Bay Andersons Between standard.

porcelain squares manufactured manufactured squares porcelain

first line to adopt the 3' 6" gauge that became the New Zealand Zealand New the became that gauge 6" 3' the adopt to line first

consisted of 725,760 half-inch half-inch 725,760 of consisted

Port Chalmers Railway Company opened in 1873, and was the the was and 1873, in opened Company Railway Chalmers Port

The original main foyer floor floor foyer main original The

ceremoniously opened. The line promoted by the Dunedin and and Dunedin the by promoted line The opened. ceremoniously

decades rather than being built as a complete railway and and railway complete a as built being than rather decades

as the building grew in height. height. in grew building the as

The Main Trunk Line evolved through a number of of number a through evolved Line Trunk Main Island South The

stones into position and platforms for the cranes had to be built built be to had cranes the for platforms and position into stones

to be used in Dunedin. Two steam cranes were used to lift lift to used were cranes steam Two Dunedin. in used be to

concrete, mixed by the first electrically operated concrete mixer mixer concrete operated electrically first the by mixed concrete,

3 South Island Main Trunk Railway Railway Trunk Main Island South 3 below the high tide mark. On these was laid a plinth of stone and and stone of plinth a laid was these On mark. tide high the below

hardwood piles were driven into the reclaimed land and remain remain and land reclaimed the into driven were piles hardwood numerous difficulties were faced by contractors. 600 Australian Australian 600 contractors. by faced were difficulties numerous

October 1971. 1971. October 1960s. 1960s. for its time. It was built on land reclaimed from the harbour, and and harbour, the from reclaimed land on built was It time. its for

class members operated until the withdrawal of steam in in steam of withdrawal the until operated members class and opened in 1922. Josephine was moved into this wing in the the in wing this into moved was Josephine 1922. in opened and was an outstanding engineering feat feat engineering outstanding an was Station Railway Dunedin

It was withdrawn due to a recurring boiler problem, but other other but problem, boiler recurring a to due withdrawn was It Campbell. The Donald Reid wing was built by Loan and Watson Watson and Loan by built was wing Reid Donald The Campbell. The construction of the the of construction The

1956, retiring in May 1971 after travelling nearly 444,000 miles. miles. 444,000 nearly travelling after 1971 May in retiring 1956, designed by Architect Arthur John Burnside and built by Mr Orr Orr Mr by built and Burnside John Arthur Architect by designed

completed in December December in completed Gallery. The adjoining Settlers Hall opened 1908. They were were They 1908. opened Hall Settlers adjoining The Gallery. Lower Hutt and Bluff. Bluff. and Hutt Lower

locomotives and was was and locomotives The oldest building on this site was opened in 1907 as an Art Art an as 1907 in opened was site this on building oldest The including New Plymouth, Plymouth, New including

was the last of a batch of 35 35 of batch a of last the was

stations in New Zealand, Zealand, New in stations

British locomotive works. It It works. locomotive British who designed many other other many designed who

to that used by the North North the by used that to

New Zealand Railways, Railways, Zealand New 1 Settlers Museum Museum Settlers Otago 1

Dunedin to a design similar similar design a to Dunedin official architect of the the of architect official

Railway Workshops in in Workshops Railway George A Troup, the first first the Troup, A George

Zealand Railways at Hillside Hillside at Railways Zealand It was designed by by designed was It

1274 was built by New New by built was 1274 J increasing demand for engineering services. services. engineering for demand increasing

A

Otago. Dunedin became the largest city in NZ and there was an an was there and NZ in city largest the became Dunedin Otago. centre. centre. was made presentable and placed within the museum building. building. museum the within placed and presentable made was

rush of 1861 brought thousands of miners and much money to to money much and miners of thousands brought 1861 of rush

travelling public of what was then New Zealand’s commercial commercial Zealand’s New then was what of public travelling successful campaign for Josephine’s restoration ensured that it it that ensured restoration Josephine’s for campaign successful

when Scottish Presbyterians arrived. The Gabriels Gully gold gold Gully Gabriels The arrived. Presbyterians Scottish when

and the building officially opened in 1906 to cater for the the for cater to 1906 in opened officially building the and

the museum, it again faced the scrap heap in the late 1960s. A A 1960s. late the in heap scrap the faced again it museum, the

The official European settlement of Dunedin started in 1848 1848 in started Dunedin of settlement European official The

The Dunedin Railway Station foundation stone was laid in 1904 1904 in laid was stone foundation Station Railway Dunedin The International Exhibition in Dunedin in 1925. Left sitting outside outside sitting Left 1925. in Dunedin in Exhibition International

1924 and it was displayed at the New Zealand and South Seas Seas South and Zealand New the at displayed was it and 1924 different disciplines as possible. possible. as disciplines different

4 Dunedin Railway Station Station Railway Dunedin 4

presented Josephine to the Otago Early Settlers Museum in in Museum Settlers Early Otago the to Josephine presented sample of the city's rich past while demonstrating as many many as demonstrating while past rich city's the of sample

steam when one of their boilers failed. The mill owners owners mill The failed. boilers their of one when steam IPENZ Heritage Chapter has prepared these walks to give a a give to walks these prepared has Chapter Heritage IPENZ

owners were reluctant to melt it down and used it to provide provide to it used and down it melt to reluctant were owners Mechanical, Telecommunications and Transport. Therefore, the the Therefore, Transport. and Telecommunications Mechanical, 1957. 1957.

scrap to the Otago Iron Rolling Mills for £173. The Rolling Mill Mill Rolling The £173. for Mills Rolling Iron Otago the to scrap realise, including Structural, Fire, Civil, Hydraulic, Electrical, Electrical, Hydraulic, Civil, Fire, Structural, including realise, Railway workshops. Diesel locomotives came into use from from use into came locomotives Diesel workshops. Railway

In 1917, at the end of its working life, Josephine was sold as as sold was Josephine life, working its of end the at 1917, In The term Engineering has much wider scope than most people people most than scope wider much has Engineering term The here in Dunedin and other Government Government other and Dunedin in here

USA, as well as the Hillside Workshops Workshops Hillside the as well as USA,

in Otago. Otago. in visions associated with each point of interest. interest. of point each with associated visions

were constructed in the UK, then the the then UK, the in constructed were

South Island Main Trunk line, and at Wanganui and various lines lines various and Wanganui at and line, Trunk Main Island South recognising the significant skills, concepts, technologies and and technologies concepts, skills, significant the recognising

tender engines were in use. Locomotives Locomotives use. in were engines tender

Port Chalmers line but later on the the on later but line Chalmers Port won't dwell on cosmetic details or personalities, instead instead personalities, or details cosmetic on dwell won't

Josephine), but by 1895 more powerful powerful more 1895 by but Josephine),

used mainly on the Dunedin to to Dunedin the on mainly used aside from our own. But with the theme being Engineering, we we Engineering, being theme the with But own. our from aside

hauled by tank engines (including (including engines tank by hauled

to Port Chalmers in 1872 and was was and 1872 in Chalmers Port to for some sites we need to consider the role of other professions professions other of role the consider to need we sites some for

restrictions in places. Early trains were were trains Early places. in restrictions

Zealand. Josephine was shipped shipped was Josephine Zealand. in life, the subject matter doesn't fall neatly into categories and and categories into neatly fall doesn't matter subject the life, in

and winding, and has severe speed speed severe has and winding, and locomotive to be built in New New in built be to locomotive stories from an Engineering perspective. However, like so much much so like However, perspective. Engineering an from stories

transport artery. The route north is steep steep is north route The artery. transport

1274 was the last steam steam last the was 1274 J the science or the social history. This brochure reflects the the reflects brochure This history. social the or science the

A

The Main Trunk continues to be a major major a be to continues Trunk Main The

locomotives in New Zealand, while while Zealand, New in locomotives researcher can take. Often, the emphasis is on the architecture, architecture, the on is emphasis the Often, take. can researcher

Rose were the first 3' 6" gauge gauge 6" 3' first the were Rose machinery, there are a number of different slants that a a that slants different of number a are there machinery, that time. time. that

Josephine and long lost sister sister lost long and Josephine When telling the stories behind buildings, structures and and structures buildings, behind stories the telling When replaced by the Track Warrant system at at system Warrant Track the by replaced

Train Control signalling system was also also was system signalling Control Train

converted to a single track in the early 1990's. The Centralised Centralised The 1990's. early the in track single a to converted

of its second track removed in 1984 and the line was was line Mosgiel the and 1984 in removed track second its of

1274 1274 J Locomotive and Josephine 2 Introduction Introduction

A between 1908 and 1948. The line north from Dunedin had much much had Dunedin from north line The 1948. and 1908 between

Otago Settlers Museum displays 17 Dowling Street Steps The walk ends at First Church but you can return to the Settlers This was part of Bell Hill. Initially there were wooden steps here. Museum and look at some of the displays there. As well as A Dunedin's This fortress-like structure was erected in 1926 when Dowling Josephine and the J locomotive, there is a cable car, coach, Street was widened. It has steps and a ramp and is also a bullock wagon, cars and bicycles, along with computers and massive retaining wall. The steps are enclosed in a citadel-like historical records. structure that takes on the appearance of the local basalt. Engineering Heritage Trail

Recognising the vision, skills and tenacity of early Engineers that were pivotal in the city’s development and early prosperity. Walk 1 – The Octagon Route 2.5km—1.5Hrs 18 First Church A Church Reserve was established here by the first settlers in 1848 but construction of the current building wasn't commenced until 1867 as the site was lowered to provide fill for reclamation work. The design competition for a church was won by Robert Arthur Lawson and construction was undertaken by D & J Hunter, Builders. The spire is 53 m high. When originally built, the top portion of the spire was slightly out of perpendicular and 4.6 m too short so had to be rebuilt. The church opened in 1873 and has seating for 1,000 people. The exterior walls of the church are of brick, lined with stone, making a solid wall about 500mm thick. The tower and spire were similarly constructed, the spire being hollow for about two thirds of its height, with the remainder solid. The tower was strengthened with galvanised tie This brochure has been produced by The Institution of Professional Engi- rods in 1964/65 and these were neers (IPENZ) Engineering Heritage Otago Chapter with assistance from replaced with stainless steel rods Otago Settlers Museum and DCC Community & Recreation Services. in 1990. J R G Hanlon was the Recognising achievements in engineering, industry and technology in Otago & Structural Engineer for the Southland. strengthening and W H Naylor www.ipenz.org.nz/heritage was the contractor. Josephine in Otago Settlers Museum 1947. From 1903 electric trams ran along Princes and George 5 Dunedin Law Courts 8 Buildings on reclaimed harbour mud Streets, from 1930s diesel buses and from 1952 trolley buses.

This building was designed in the engineers' section of the NZ If you look north along Cumberland St, from the Lower Stuart St Diesel buses took over the Public Works Department and built between 1900 & 1902 by corner, you'll see the Evening Star building (designed by trolley bus routes Archibald Shaw. The contract price was £19,311 The Engineer in about 1930) where the incrementally throughout the in Chief was William Hales; Architect John Campbell . It was is now produced. Beyond, Cadbury Confectionery's complex 1970's. During this period, restored between 2000 and 2002 to allow it to fulfil the role of a covers the rest of the block. The whole of this Cumberland St. routes were modified so that modern Court while retaining its ambience and heritage value. area was once a tidal mud-flat, and the ground has little load- they all started or ended The structural strengthening work was designed in Dunedin by bearing capacity, necessitating special foundations for the larger close to the Octagon. Lou Robinson of Hadley & Robinson. For this work, Lou buildings. Some of the later and higher Cadbury buildings and Robinson was awarded the David Cox Memorial Award (2003) silos rest on quite deep raft foundations, while the new Police which recognises & Headquarters is supported on driven piles. A recent engineering encourages feat in the area (1997) was the installation of a 310 tonne excellence in the printing press in the Otago Daily Times building. It had to be 10 Municipal Chambers restoration, located at first floor level and From the time the Dunedin Town Board was established in conservation and had to resist vibrations while 1855, the location of their offices was a matter of some debate continued use of the press prints the and they moved from one place to another depending on what historic buildings & newspapers. It is supported on was available. Following the gold rushes, there was increasing structures in Otago. 28 piles driven up to 17 pressure for the body to have a home which better reflected its metres into reclaimed land status and importance to the community. After a competition in and harbour silts, then into a 1877, the winning design was chosen but was not that ultimately boulder layer. The piles are built. The competitor placed second, R A Lawson, had been linked with reinforced concrete appointed architect since he was resident in Dunedin. He was 6 Former Shoreline and the press is placed on no doubt reluctant to work on another man’s design so he was prestressed Tee beams sitting eventually permitted to use his own. The Municipal Chambers, Dunbar Street (once called Jail Street) used to be the shoreline on the pile caps. Several built of Oamaru limestone on a base level of Port Chalmers at the foot of Bell Hill. Land west of Dunbar Street was cranes were required to move breccia is of three storeys high with a 47 metre high tower. the press into the final excavated in the 1860s. Land east of here has been reclaimed. In 1963, a report from the City Engineer, G K Armstrong advised position. that the clock tower beyond the balustrade immediately above 7 Cumberland St /Stuart St Traffic the clock was unsafe and the tower was subsequently demolished above this balustrade level and capped. Signals 9 Public Transport - The Octagon Consideration was given to demolishing the whole building after The Octagon has been a key node in the City’s public transport Traffic hazards became evident early last century. The City completion of the neighbouring Civic Centre, due to rising routes for over a hundred and twenty years. Council passed a bylaw in 1908 imposing a speed limit of four maintenance costs. Fortunately, in 1989, the building and From 1879, steam and horse trams ran along Princes and miles per hour for mechanically propelled vehicles rounding adjoining Town Hall complex were instead refurbished. This George Streets. corners. Cumberland Street is the Main Highway through work included earthquake strengthening, reinstatement of the Dunedin and this was a very busy intersection. In the 1920s, the From 1900 cable cars ran up Stuart Street to Highgate and clock-tower to its former profile and height, and reinstatement of Police provided a pointsman for four hours per day. In 1929 the down to Nairn Street in . They stopped running in the steps from the Octagon level. The use of light weight City Council ordered a mechanical concrete and pre-formed sections saw the control apparatus (traffic signals) and tower re-built to withstand current design these commenced operation on 10 July loadings while at the same time looking the 1930. same as the original tower. There were many complaints from the public. Drivers turned right and saw red 12 lights so stopped in the middle of the intersection. Council’s first traffic 11 engineering decision was to ban right 10 turns. The signals were cam operated 9 and on a fixed cycle. The lights flashed and there was an amber light both 13 before and after the red light. This was the second set of signals in NZ ( had the first set). 8 7 6 11 St Paul's Cathedral 14 5 16 View from Tennyson 4 When the present St. Pauls Cathedral Street 15 was built in 1915-1919, there was an 18 3 From this vantage intention to build a Sanctuary at the 16 point, we can see north-east end but it wasn’t completed examples of a at that time. The cathedral was 17 diverse array of designed by English Architects Sedding 2 engineering and Wheatley and construction was disciplines. supervised by Dunedin Architect Basil 1 Roughly from right Hooper. The drawings were beautifully to left, we can see detailed, even to the extent of each Canongate - the stone of the vaulted ceiling being interrupted street, individually numbered. These stones with sections of are fixed to a massive concrete diaphragm at ceiling level, 14 Otago Girls High School carriageway and steps. Of note are the vaulted and suspended across the nave below on stone retaining walls, there are a large columns. In the 1960s the Church hierarchy decided to complete Otago Girls High number of these in Dunedin. Far away, the Sanctuary and engaged McCoy and Wixon for the project. School is the oldest towards St Clair, just to the right of NZ Army hall, you can see Dave McLaren was the Structural Engineer for the Sanctuary. girls' high school in the power transmission towers that carry the main cables from The new sanctuary is seismically stable and independent of the the southern the national grid to the southern substation. Speights Brewery, rest of the building. The Sanctuary floor is of precast prestressed hemisphere and double tee beams giving an unobstructed view across the crypt said to be the sixth area below. oldest in the world. It was founded in 12 King Edward Technical College 1871. The main building was Dunedin Technical College was a secondary school and night opened 1910. The school providing engineering education and it was the first Architect was school of its kind in New Zealand. The main building is of brick Edmund Anscombe and Oamaru stone, built by William McLellan in 1913. Burt Hall who based the design on Hampton Court Palace. It was built by was built in 1918. Mr Orr Campbell who built the Otago Settlers Museum building. Anscombe also designed most of the older University buildings. 13 Dominican Priory Because this building was of unreinforced masonry with wooden floors, earthquake compliance became a major issue. It was This was the largest building in the southern hemisphere built of decided in the late 1980's to retain the facade but completely gut unreinforced poured concrete. It was designed by F. W. Petre, the structure and to virtually build a new building within the nicknamed “Lord Concrete” and built in 1877. This is a existing building. remarkable multi-storey building for its time. The concrete walls one of the few surviving gravity breweries in the world, has a at ground level are immensely massive for this material, being The technique used was the American development of maze of pipework services, lift towers, machine rooms & cooling 610mm thick. The avoidance of curved (Gothic-arch) windows “shotcreting”. The exterior walls and the masonry crosswalls was probably to simplify the formwork, as a four-storeyed were pin-cushioned with reinforcing rods epoxied into the evaporators as well as the iconic building in concrete would test the ability of most contractors at brickwork, faced with a web of reinforcing and covered with 100- chimney. that time. It has a Category 1 Historic Places Trust listing. 120 mm concrete fired onto the wall with a pressure gun. The Telecom building has a host of antennae and dishes to link the city 15 Tennyson Street Electricity Substation with the outside world. This building was developed to facilitate This electricity distribution substation built c1948 consists of a Standard Trunk Dialing. The ground mounted transformer with ring main fuse switchgear on project was designed in the Post the high tension side. Both the high tension (6.6 kilovolts) and Office District Engineer’s Office in the low tension (400 volt) is transmitted by underground cables. Dunedin. The building architectural The substation provides both 400 volt 3 phase and 230 volt design was by R N (Bob) Everest single phase into the surrounding area. of MWD, Dunedin and was opened by NZPO District Engineer Bill Elliott on 30 Nov 1979.