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Twenty Years on the Border

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Twenty Years on the Border Between Worlds: Twenty Years on the Border Years Twenty Between Worlds: Twenty Years on the Border BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM cover PB: 2-3 05.3.8, 3:47:44 PM BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 1 05.3.8, 2:49:29 PM BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 2-3 05.3.8, 2:49:50 PM BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 2-3 05.3.8, 2:49:50 PM contents Introduction......................................................................................................................7 1. Twenty years—a history...........................................................................................15 2. People.........................................................................................................................29 3. Life in the camps......................................................................................................43 4. Challenges and responses.......................................................................................73 5. Last words.................................................................................................................89 6. The Burmese Border Consortium........................................................................105 4 5 BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 4-5 05.3.8, 2:50:38 PM contents Introduction......................................................................................................................7 1. Twenty years—a history...........................................................................................15 2. People.........................................................................................................................29 3. Life in the camps......................................................................................................43 4. Challenges and responses.......................................................................................73 5. Last words.................................................................................................................89 6. The Burmese Border Consortium........................................................................105 4 5 BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 4-5 05.3.8, 2:50:38 PM BBC ARCHIVE introduction BBC ARCHIVE So much has been achieved in managing to sustain lives and hopes over such a long period of time, and yet there is nothing to ‘celebrate’ when tens of thousands of people have By Jack Dunford, Executive Director had their lives uprooted and still face a very Twenty years is a long time in anyone’s life. It is a very long time to be a refugee. When we realised that in 2004 the Burmese Border uncertain future. Consortium (BBC) had been working with refugees from Burma for twenty years, we felt that it was important to record this in some way. So much has been achieved in managing to sustain lives and hopes over such a long period of time, and yet there is nothing to ‘celebrate’ when tens of thousands of people have had their lives uprooted and still face a very uncertain future. We decided to produce this book to tell the refugee/BBC story. We wanted it to describe the reality of being a refugee on the Thailand Burma border. Refugee camps are not natural places to live in; refugees in camps do not have the freedoms the rest of us enjoy; (Above right) A BBC staff vehicle turns over freedom to study, work and travel. Refugees have lost everything while trying to cross a river on the way to in their homelands and carry sad and painful memories. Camp Karenni camps near Mae Hong Son; life is tedious and the standard of living in these camps is very (Left) Refugees quickly set up their own basic indeed. And yet, for twenty years refugees from Burma have village-style settlements when they arrived at managed to live in dignity and with hope along this border. They the original Mae La camp in March 1984. have maintained their communities, they have largely managed 7 BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 6-7 05.3.8, 2:50:47 PM BBC ARCHIVE introduction BBC ARCHIVE So much has been achieved in managing to sustain lives and hopes over such a long period of time, and yet there is nothing to ‘celebrate’ when tens of thousands of people have By Jack Dunford, Executive Director had their lives uprooted and still face a very Twenty years is a long time in anyone’s life. It is a very long time to be a refugee. When we realised that in 2004 the Burmese Border uncertain future. Consortium (BBC) had been working with refugees from Burma for twenty years, we felt that it was important to record this in some way. So much has been achieved in managing to sustain lives and hopes over such a long period of time, and yet there is nothing to ‘celebrate’ when tens of thousands of people have had their lives uprooted and still face a very uncertain future. We decided to produce this book to tell the refugee/BBC story. We wanted it to describe the reality of being a refugee on the Thailand Burma border. Refugee camps are not natural places to live in; refugees in camps do not have the freedoms the rest of us enjoy; (Above right) A BBC staff vehicle turns over freedom to study, work and travel. Refugees have lost everything while trying to cross a river on the way to in their homelands and carry sad and painful memories. Camp Karenni camps near Mae Hong Son; life is tedious and the standard of living in these camps is very (Left) Refugees quickly set up their own basic indeed. And yet, for twenty years refugees from Burma have village-style settlements when they arrived at managed to live in dignity and with hope along this border. They the original Mae La camp in March 1984. have maintained their communities, they have largely managed 7 BBCbook 001-014 intro PB: 6-7 05.3.8, 2:50:47 PM BBC ARCHIVE NETWORK/ MIKE GOLDWATER NETWORK/ (Left) From left to right: Michael Hawkes, Thai lives and property and presenting diffi cult political dilemmas. Christian Aid; Jim De Harpporte, Catholic Yet Thai policy has, overall, been extremely tolerant and pragmatic. Relief Services; Sally Thompson; Jack Throughout these twenty years non governmental organisations Dunford; Peter Holden, Australian Council (NGOs) have been allowed to provide essential humanitarian of Churches. Ber Kler, March 1992; services in a generally unhindered and well-coordinated manner. (Below) Telakhon Karen IDPs on the move near the border, 1992. The priorities of NGOs and the Thai authorities are inevitably NETWORK/ MIKE GOLDWATER NETWORK/ different. NGOs aspire to high standards of protection and human rights for the refugees, whilst the Government must usually put national security fi rst. The refugee camps are in remote border areas where there are many armed elements. The refugees are vulnerable and, unfortunately, abuses inevitably occur. But in diffi cult circumstances the Thai authorities have always been accessible and responsive. As NGOs, we report to the Operations Centre for Displaced Persons (OCDP) of the Ministry of Interior (MOI), which Over the years we have sets policies for our programmes, approves our activities and deals faced many emergencies with all our bureaucratic requirements such as visas and camp passes. Its hard working staff have served us well in a spirit of including armed attacks on cooperation and mutual respect. It has almost always been possible their own affairs and taken care of each other. Refugees build all the refugee camps and natural to resolve problems amicably and satisfactorily. houses and public buildings in the camps, dig all the ditches and disasters such as fl ooding. water wells, teach in the schools, serve as nurses, health workers In the fi eld we deal with numerous offi cials in our day to day work. and home visitors. Refugees celebrate their faiths in temples, Responses have generally There are the district and provincial administrative offi ces, and other churches and mosques; there are weddings and funerals, festivals, been swift and effi cient and civilian organisations such as the forestry department and the local sports and play. With limited space and few resources the refugees there has been remarkably health authorities. There are numerous security agencies including do more than survive, they live. the Royal Thai Army, various task forces, voluntary militia, rangers little loss of life. and border police, many of them working in lonely and dangerous We chose Sandy Barron to write this book and Masaru Gotu to take locations with very basic amenities. Over the years we have faced the photos. We gave them the diffi cult task of capturing the feeling many emergencies including armed attacks on refugee camps and of this border, of listening to people’s stories and of showing a natural disasters such as fl ooding. Responses have generally been glimpse into their lives. We asked them to portray the hard grind swift and effi cient and there has been remarkably little loss of life. and isolation of life as a refugee but also to celebrate the spirit that Individual Thai offi cials have often shown great sympathy and somehow survives and shines through. We hope you will agree that compassion in diffi cult circumstances. they have done this well. This book is mainly about the refugees and how they work with So many people contribute to the lives of the refugees. The BBC each other to run the camps. A few individuals are featured, but story is a remarkable one of cooperation and partnership with many When they arrive, many heroic stories remain untold. The Karen Refugee Committee, organisations and individuals. The book mentions some of these in refugees usually bring Karenni Refugee Committee
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