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' L\IA.TASUNTHA OR.L\Fastin AS:~ ...~.~.. AREATTRIBUTION
.' l\IA.TASUNTHA OR.l\fASTIN AS:~ ... .~.~.. AREATTRIBUTION BY PHILIP GRIERSON REPRINTED FRO1\! THE "NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE" SIXTH SERIES. VOL. XIX 1959 MATASUNTHA OR MASTINAS: AREATTRIBUTION I THE death in A.D. 534 of Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths, left his mother and sister, named respectively Amalasuntha and Matasuntha, as the only surviving descendants of the great Theoderic. Athalaric was succeeded by a cousin Theodahad, who murdered Amalasuntha and was in turn (536) overthrown and murdered by Witigis. The latter allied himself to the house of Theoderic by marrying Mata- suntha, and for four years they reigned together in Italy. Witigis sur- rendered to Belisarius in May 540, and his death two years later in honourable captivity left Matasuntha a young and attractive widow. In 550 she was remarried to Germanus, nephew and possible suc- cessor of Justinian, and it was hoped by some that their union would hasten the end of the Gothic war and reconcile the Goths to imperial rule, But Germanus died in Autumn 550, as he was on the point of invading Italy, and his posthumous son, another Germanus, was born too late to fulfil these aspirations. He lived to hold high rank at the Byzantine court, where his daughter married the son of the Emperor Maurice,: and he ultimately shared the latter's fate in being put td death by the tyrant Phocas. The date of Matasuntha's death is unknown.! ') In 1835 Joachim Lelewel published a silver coin in the Cabinet des Medailles at Brussels which he attributed to the Gothic queen. I The obverse bore the head and title of Justinian, or rather what in the poor state of that particular specimen had to be construed as such; the reverse showed a monogram within a wreath. -
The Two Mauretaniae: Their Romanization and The
THE TWO MAURETANIAE: THEIR ROMANIZATION AND THE IMPERIAL CULT by CLAUDIA GIRONI submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR : PROF. U.R.D. VOGEL JOINT SUPERVISOR : DR M. KLEIJWEGT Date submitted November 1996 SUMMARY The 'Romanization' of the African provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis was in fact a two-way process of exchange between Roman and African elements which resulted in a uniquely Romano-African civilization. The imperial cult highlights issues common to all Romanization processes, such as ruler-subject interaction and the role of local initiative in bringing about change, as well as unique issues such as the impact of politics on emperor-worship. The success of the imperial cult was hampered by the fact that only a select few - notably the wealthy local elite - derived direct benefit from the process, and by the fact that, because the pre-Roman Mauretaniae had no established ruler-cults, the imperial cult failed to assimilate with local tradition. As a result, the cult was unable either to make a decisive impact on the Romanization of the Mauretanians, or to achieve any real religious unity among them. KEY TERMS Romanization; Imperial cult; North African history; Roman empire; Mauretania Tingitana; Mauretania Caesariensis; Mauri; Religious syncretism; Roman gods; Roman priests; African religion, ancient. DECLARATION I declare that "The two Mauretaniae : their Romanization and the imperial cult" is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. -
When Not in Rome, Still Do As the Romans Do? Africa from 146 BCE to the 7Th Century
Roland Steinacher When not in Rome, still do as the Romans do? Africa from 146 BCE to the 7th century Studying North Africa poses a variety of problems. Historical as well as archaeolog- ical research bears the burden of a colonial view on Africa’s past, which tends to overemphasize its Roman aspects. Berber (Numidian and Moorish) political entities together with Punic (Carthaginian) cities had a long history when Rome entered the African scene. The history of Roman North Africa in its narrow sense started with the forming of Africa vetus in 146 BCE, after the third Punic War and the destruction of Carthage. For the centuries to come, Rome relied on client kings in Numidia and Mauretania to secure the new province. Initially Africa consisted of the Carthaginian hinterland and had the fossa regia as a demarcation line drawn by Scipio the Young- er between the territory of the Numidian kings and the Roman province. Caesar added Africa nova (parts of the Numidian territory between the Tusca and Ampsaga rivers as well as Tripolitania) after the defeat of the Pompeians and their African al- lies, most prominently Juba I, at Thapsus in 46 BCE. The vast domains that were ac- quired helped the new political concept of Augustus’ principate to satisfy the claims of its followers. The process of full annexation of North Africa finished during the early principate under Emperor Claudius (41–54 CE) when Mauretania became part of the Empire.¹ Scholarship defined the spread of Roman civilization –‘Romanization’–as an acceptance of something like a Roman identity by local populations, or as a phenom- enon of migration. -
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36اد ر –2017 أا روبااي د ة . وق∗∗∗ ا : : ولاالاينااوات ا ف إ ا ا او اة ب ااي، أااق إ واااوا ت(،(CastraPuerurumة،(PortusMagnus)ير،(Quiza)رأس إو،(Siga)الاراا،ور.ثا ءتذ،وتاا،اإا ل ادر ا ،و اق وع ا، ا وداا،ضاقار ن ا ،أ ا ا ،إ ان ا وا ،وق رااةنأوا وأزاوانايوأأر ااااا . اتا:اناا ؛ ن ي؛ت؛ة؛او ن أس؛ر ر .؛إ Abstract: In this article, which will be the first of a series of articles aimed at introducing the Roman archaeological sites in the western part of Algeria, we will attempt to address the archaeological sites on the west coast, Castra Puerurum, Portus Magnus, Quiza, Ras Ifi and Siga, this by determining the geographical framework, and the history of the research mentioned above, ∗∗∗ أذةارا،ودروا،وانأ . 25 36اد ر –2017 36اد ر –2017 and the excavations that have undergone, the transition to the أا روبااي ∗∗∗ definition through the old sources, and then address the political, military and economic conditions defined by the site د ة . وق Since its inception, we have also been hit We refer to the paganا : : and Christian religions. Finally, we refer to the visible orولاالاينااوات preserved monuments of the site, especially the Ahmed Zabana National Museum of the City of Oran, which preserves the most ا ف إ ا ا او اة ب ااي، important and most influential sites in the western part of أااق إ واااوا . Algeriaت(،(CastraPuerurumة،(PortusMagnus)ير،(Quiza)رأس Key words: Monuments, Site, Archeology, Ancient, Roman, إو،(Siga)الاراا،ور.ثا Castra Puerurum, Portus Magnus, Quiza, Ras Ifi, Siga. -
Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
JASON BLOCKLEY THE COLONATE IN AFRICA A LEGAL & ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONI IN LATE ANTIQUE AFRICA FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY 2021 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Colonate in Africa iii Acknowledgements I express my deepest and sincerest appreciation for the innumerable people who helped make this thesis a reality. Firstly, I must thank Mr John Whitehouse, whose inestimable generosity and confidence made this project possible. Earning a doctorate in ancient history became a personal ambition soon after beginning my undergraduate studies, and I cannot properly express how grateful I am that I was entrusted with this opportunity. John not only provided the means for me to pursue this project; his personal insights, advice, and his own scholarship were vital in establishing, growing, and ultimately completing this study. John offered a scholarship in the hopes of perpetuating his love of ancient North Africa and the scholarship thereof, and I am pleased to say he has succeeded. Secondly, I must express my sincere gratitude to Mr Jeffrey Hilton and Ms Suzanne Coleman, whose remarkable generosity and enduring love of ancient Rome afforded me the opportunity to live and study at the British School at Rome for six months. It was at the British School that this study matured, and I cannot imagine how this project would have turned out without my sojourn in Rome. Thirdly, I am incredibly thankful to Prof Richard Miles, and to Dr Jelle Stoop, my supervisors without whom this project would not be possible. -
Res Gestae 11
RES GESTAE. CZASOPISMO HISTORYCZNE 2020 (11) ISSN 2450-4475 DOI 10.24917/24504475.11.10 Arkadiusz Urbaniec * Kraków Cywilna administracja prowincjonalna bizantyńskiej prefektury praetorio Afryki w latach 533–590 Abstract is article raises issues related to the organization of the civil provincial administration a er the Byzantines regained control of North Africa in 533, as a result of the war with the Vandal kingdom. In comparison to the state known from the fi h century, the legislation of emperor Justinian introduced many changes in the administration scheme, primarily by establishing the prefectures of Africa, that replaced the diocese that had functioned previously. A er the year 533, some provinces that hat previously belonged to other territorial units during the late Ro- man Empire, for example Sardinia and Corsica, passed to the authority of the prefect of Cartage. e research results presented in the article are intended to trace the territorial changes of Af- rican provinces during the sixth century, as well as the titles of their governors and the scope of their competence. Keywords: Byzantine Africa, Byzantine civil provincial administration in the 6 th century, Justin- ian’s administration reforms, Byzantine provincial governors Słowa kluczowe: bizantyńska Afryka, bizantyńska cywilna administracja prowincjonalna w VI w., reformy administracyjne Justyniana, bizantyńscy namiestnicy prowincjonalni. Kampania magistra militum per Orientem Belizariusza w 533 r., wymierzona w królestwo Wandalów, doprowadziła do odzyskania terenów Afryki przez Cesarstwo Rzymskie, ponad sto lat po inwazji Gejzeryka. Władze cesarskie stanęły przed problemem ponownej organizacji sieci prowincjonalnej na tym obszarze. Nawiązano pośrednio do stanu lokalnej administracji, istniejącego w V w., kiedy to prowincje afrykańskie zgrupowane były w ramach diecezji, podlegającej prefektowi Italii, Afryki i Illiricum , rezydującemu w Rawennie. -
Copyrighted Material
Index administrative structures Alaric 34, 44, 48 in Byzantine Africa 240 Albertini Tablets 20 in the Vandal kingdom 77–81, economic life and 59, 159–61, 82, 212–13 162, 169, 175 Aetius 52–3, 55, 111, 115, 116, 119 as evidence of literacy 216–17 Africa Proconsularis religious life and 194, 212 Byzantine conquest of 251 Alföld (Great Hungarian Plain) Vandal invasion of 51–5 31–2, 33 Vandal kingdom in Alianae, bathing complex 223–4 ad 435 treaty 60–1, 62 Amalafrida 59, 132, 133 ad 442 treaty 63, 64, 65, 66, annona 79, 80, 145–7, 148, 151, 159 67–8, 94 Anthemius 121, 122, 123 administration of 80–1 Antonine Baths 209 Arian churches in 200 Apollinarius 139, 230, 238 land use within 149, 156–7, 159 Arianism/Arians 177–9 persecutions 188, 193 African Arian church 198–200 religious life in 188, 193, 200 barbarian clothing erroneously see also Carthage associated with 102–6 African red slip ware (ARS) 147, Byzantine conquest and 240–1, 150, 151, 159 248–53 see also ceramics fines levied on 166 Agnellus of Ravenna 7 Nicene converts to 187, 195, 198, agriculture 144, 145–7, 148–9, 200–1 156–62, 253 persecution by 185–7, 189 Ain Tounga, Byzantine fort 254 persecution of 188 Alans COPYRIGHTEDproselytizing MATERIAL mission of 180–4, in early Vandal history 35–7, 189–92, 196–203 38–40, 41–4, 45, 47–9, 84 religious ambivalence and 193–6 identity of 84, 96–7 religious buildings of 189, 195–6 involvement in the sack of Rome use of Vandalic language 95 117 Vandal engagement with 6, 71, Vandal settlement and 66 178–9, 181, 189, 192 342 Index Arifridos 83, -
La Imperialización De Los Reinos Romano-Germánicos: Los Casos Visigodo Y Vándalo
LA IMPERIALIZACIÓN DE LOS REINOS ROMANO-GERMÁNICOS: LOS CASOS VISIGODO Y VÁNDALO THE IMPERIALIZATION OF ROMANO-GERMANIC KINGDOMS: THE CASES OF VISIGOTHS AND VANDALS Alberto GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid RESUMEN: Este trabajo pretende realizar un análisis comparativo de los procesos de imperialización experimentados por el Reino Vándalo bajo Hunerico y Guntamundo (477-96) y por el Reino Visigodo bajo Liuvigildo y Recaredo (569-601). Se determinan seis aspectos visibles de la soberanía imperial de los que se apropiaron estos monarcas: el ius monetandi , la titulatura, las insignias, la iniciativa legislativa, el vicariato divino, y, por último, la fundación de ciudades. Finalmente, establecemos las circunstancias políticas de ambos procesos y sus paralelos históricos. PALABRAS CLAVE: imperialización , monarquías germánicas, vándalos, visigodos. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to make a comparative analysis of imperialization processes experienced by the Vandal Kingdom under Huneric and Gunthamund (477-96) and the Visigoth Kingdom under Liuvigild and Reccared (569-601). It identifies six visible aspects of imperial sovereignty appropriated by these monarchs: ius monetandi , titulature, insignia, legislative initiative, divine right, and, at last, foundation of cities. Finally, we establish the political circumstances of both processes, and its historical parallels. KEY-WORDS: imperialization , Germanic kingdoms, Vandals, Visigoths. I. Introducción. La conversión de un caudillaje militar en una realeza institucional requería que los caudillos “bárbaros” asumieran como propios los caracteres externos de la monarquía imperial romana. Nuestro objetivo en el presente trabajo es centrarnos en éstos, al representar su asunción de la independencia de derecho con respecto a la autoridad romana, la culminación de un largo y gradual proceso. -
Encyclopédie Berbère, 8 | 1990 Aurès 2
Encyclopédie berbère 8 | 1990 8 | Aurès – Azrou Aurès (suite) E.B., Ph. Leveau, P. Morizot, J. Morizot, M.-C. Chamla, F. Demoulin, S. Adjali et S. Chaker Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/258 DOI : 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.258 ISSN : 2262-7197 Éditeur Peeters Publishers Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 juillet 1990 Pagination : 1097-1169 ISBN : 2-85744-461-3 ISSN : 1015-7344 Référence électronique E.B., Ph. Leveau, P. Morizot, J. Morizot, M.-C. Chamla, F. Demoulin, S. Adjali et S. Chaker, « Aurès », Encyclopédie berbère [En ligne], 8 | 1990, document A322, mis en ligne le 20 avril 2011, consulté le 25 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/258 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.258 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 25 septembre 2020. © Tous droits réservés Aurès 1 Aurès (suite) E.B., Ph. Leveau, P. Morizot, J. Morizot, M.-C. Chamla, F. Demoulin, S. Adjali et S. Chaker Préhistoire (E.B.) 1 Les recherches préhistoriques demeurent encore au stade de la prospection dans l’ensemble de l’Aurès. Un seul gisement connu depuis le début du siècle, a fait l’objet d’une fouille moderne : la grotte du Khanguet Si Mohamed Tahar (connue aussi sous le nom de grotte Cappeletti), encore est-elle située sur le versant nord du massif, surplombant le bassin de Timgad. Ce gisement a servi à définir un faciès du Néolithique de tradition capsienne (C. Roubet, 1979). Cependant l’occupation du massif n’est limitée ni à cette région, ni à cette époque. 2 Les prospections récentes de J.-L. -
State Space and Shatter Zones in Late Antique North Africa
M.V. Klinkenberg, R.M.R. van Oosten and C. van Driel-Murray (eds) 2020. A Human Environment. Studies in honour of 20 years Analecta editorship by prof. dr. Corrie Bakels, Leiden: Sidestone Press, pp. 153-166. Reflections on an Environmental History of Resistance: State Space and Shatter Zones in Late Antique North Africa Jip Barreveld Ecologically and politically peripheral areas, such as mountains, deserts and marshes have often been seen as zones of resistance against the encroaching state. At first sight, the mountainous uplands and the desert fringe of North Africa seem to be such an area of resistance: in the Late Roman and Byzantine period, the Atlas Mountains and the Tripolitanian Sahara were epicentres of indigenous revolt against the Roman state, particularly during the Moorish Wars c. 533‑548 AD. The question is whether the physical geography truly determined a cultural antagonism between inland zones and the Mediterranean coast. Using evidence from survey archaeology, epigraphy and literary sources, this paper tests models on connectivity and resistance, disputing the simple opposition between an inland, indigenous world on the one hand, and a cosmo‑ politan, Mediterranean and Roman world on the other. Instead, evidence shows that the relationship between “Roman” and “native” was much more complex, entangled and ambivalent, despite the peripheral nature of the inland landscapes. The cultural landscape was determined as much by historical factors as environmental. Keywords: Late Antiquity, Roman frontier, Northern Africa, connectivity 1. Introduction In the late fourth century of our era, if St. Augustine peered over the city walls of Hippo Regius (Annaba) in modern-day Algeria, he would have first seen the surrounding countryside, ruled over by ruthless landowners.1 Further away, towards the horizon, he would perceive another world from his own altogether, one of hilltop villages where people spoke ‘Punic’, not Latin, of heretical Donatists and wild animals. -
ﻣﻘــــــــﺎوﻣﺔ ﻳﺒـﺪاس ﺑﺎﻷوراس ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ 539-535م ﻣﻘــــــــﺎوﻣﺔ ﻳﺒـﺪاس ﺑﺎﻷوراس ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ 535-539م
ﻣﻘــــــــﺎوﻣﺔ ﻳﺒـﺪاس ﺑﺎﻷوراس ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ 539-535م ﻣﻘــــــــﺎوﻣﺔ ﻳﺒـﺪاس ﺑﺎﻷوراس ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ 535-539م 1 ﻳُﻌﺘﱪ إﻗﻠﻴﻢ اﻷوراس بﺠﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﰲ وﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ، ﺣﺼﻨﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻷﻃمع اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪد اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘﺪم، وﻗﺪ رﻓﺾ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﳌﺤﻠﻴﻮن دوﻣﺎ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺪﺧﻼء، وﺗﺠﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮة -ﻋﲆ ﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر- ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن واﻟﻐﺰو اﻟﻮﻧﺪاﱄ واﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ، بﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤي اﳌﺴﻠﻤي، ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﴡ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﺘﻮﻏﻞ ﰲ ﻏﻴﺎﻫﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺼﻦ اﳌﻨﻴﻊ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷوراس ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻌﻘﻼ ﻟﻠﺜﻮار واﳌﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻀﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ٍﻣﺘﻌﺪ، وﻗﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ اﳌﻴﻼدي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻮﻃﻨﺖ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ، ﻓﺮﻓﻌﺖ راﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب ﺿﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺤﺎول ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ واﻟﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ وﻛﺮﻫﺎ، إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻷوراس (Le Royaume de l’Aurès) ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة أﻣيﻫﺎ ﻳﺒﺪاس(Iabdas)، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰاﻣﻦ ﺑﺰوﻏﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ أﻓﻮل اﻻﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﻮﻧﺪاﱄ، ﻓﺄدت دورا ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﻬﺎ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺣﺘﻼل. ﻓم ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﻜﺎن اﻷوراس ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ، وﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ واﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ؟ I اﻷﺧي ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ وﺣﺒﺲ ﻫﻠﺪرﻳﻚ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ 6 ل ﻳﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن اﻷﻣﻞ ﰲ اﺳﱰﺟﺎع ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻮﻧﺪال ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨي . اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﺳﻠﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﻮﻧﻴﻔﺎس (Boniface) وﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻮغ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻊ ُﺟﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎن- اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ (530-532م) ﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﻮﻧﺪال ﺟﻨﴪﻳﻚ (Genséric) ﺗﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ اﻹﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ آﻧﺬاك-ﻋﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻏﺘﺼﺎﺑﻪ (428-478م)، ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺖ اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ وروﻣﺎ1 ﻋﺪة ﻟﻠﻌﺮش، وﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻚ أﴎه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺎ ﻋﲆ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺣﻤﻼت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻼد ﺿﺪ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﱪﺑﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬم، ﻓﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺟﻴﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴمت ُﺟﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎن ﻣﻊ أﻧﻪ اﳌﺮﻋﺒﺔ، وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ُﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺰاﺋﻢ ﻧﻜﺮاء، وﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ اﻹﻣﱪاﻃﻮر أﻋﺎد ﻣﺮاﺳﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﺮة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ، ﻣﻬﺪدا وﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎ إﻳﺎه ﺑﺈﻃﻼق ﴎاح 2 زﻧﻮن (Zénon) (474-491م)، أُﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪة ﺳﻠﻢ دائﺔ ﻫﻠﺪرﻳﻚ وﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ وإرﺳﺎﻟﻬﻢ إﻟﻴﻪ، إﻻ أن ﺟﻮاب ﺟﻴﻠﻴﻤﺮ 3 ﻣﻊ ﺟﻨﴪﻳﻚ، واﻟﺘﺰم ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺘي ﻋﺎﻣﺎ . -
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19697-0 - Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700 Jonathan Conant Index More information INDEX cAbd Allah¯ ibn Saad, 335 Roman Achilles, 55 distinctive culture of, 8–9 Adeodatus (name), 115–27, 283 ‘Romanness’ of, 3–4, 7–8 administration, Byzantine social and political ties to Italy, 9–12 Africans in, 203–4, 211, 237 Vandal conquest of, 131–2 financial, 199, 235–6 Africa Proconsularis high officials Arian persecution in, 144, 164–5, 166, 181 court connections, 204–5, 220–3, 226 Byzantine administration of, 197, 207 regional origins, 202–4 Byzantine fortification of, 299 promotion within, 223–4 dating systems, 150–1 senior officers economy, 51, 91, 93–4, 334, 336 families of, 242–4 location of, 7 military background, 218–20 provincial church council of, 322, 348, prior service in Africa, 224–6 357 term of appointment, 233–5 Roman administration of, 9–10 ties to predecessors, 223 Vandal control of, 22 size, 240 Vandal settlement in, 47–50 structure of, 197–8 African red slip ware subordinate officers as economic evidence, 91, 333 court connections, 227–8 distribution in Africa, 98–9, 100–1, 287, recommendation of, 229, 230 288, 334 regional origins, 205–6, 207–11 exports, 92–4, 95, 336, 337 term of appointment, 236–9 production, 51, 91, 98, 140, 336 ties to superiors, 228–31 Agapetus (Pope), 172, 347 administration, Roman, 9–12 Agnellus (Ostrogothic ambassador), 39, 41 administration, Vandal, 46, 143–4 A¨ıgan (Byzantine officer), 207, 229–30, 232, Aegean, 92, 215, 337 300