Melon Fly on Melon Bactrocera Cucurbitae Prevention Monitoring Direct Control

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PEST MANAGEMENT DECISION GUIDE: GREEN LIST Melon fly on melon Bactrocera cucurbitae Prevention Monitoring Direct Control l The melon fly is a small fly that lay eggs in l Search twice a week for adult flies on leaves and flowers during l Bury infested fruits and crop residues cucurbit fruits which causes decomposition of flowering and fruit on-set stage, and inspect fruits for soft black spotted 1 m under soil surface or feed fruits ovi-punctures livestock, but do not leave residues l Avoid growing melons near other host crops l Be particularly attentive when the temperature is 20°C or above (the around for over a day since flies will (cucurbits, aubergines, beans, peppers, preferred temperature for melon fly) lay eggs in them tomatoes) l Adults: Reddish brown to dark brown with yellow marking on thorax B. cucurbitae adult (photo by l NBAIR) Use adequate amounts of fertlizer and and a black shaped marking on the abdomen, and black patches irrigation in order to grow a healthy crop that towards the outer edge of the wings may tolerate or escape melon fly damage l Check for tunnels on fruit producing a watery ooze as larva feeds. On l Enhance build-up of natural enemies by cutting, larvae are observed inside at different stages of development. avoiding use of agro-chemicals and by l Larvae: yellow-white, 0.5-1 cm long and 2-3 mm thick mulching. Apply mulch below melons to reduce fly egg laying (melon skins will not get softened l Look for flower abortion due to larva attack and premature fruit fall and by soil contact) rotting 2 l Bag the fruits to prevent flies laying eggs in l Place sticky traps (2-3/km , 1.5 m from the ground) in the field. Place them (you can use newspaper or a paper bag) more traps in the outer edges of the field than in the middle 2 l Harvest melons nearing ripening; do not wait l Or, use a simple fly trap (2-3/km , 1 m from the ground) made of a until total ripening of melons since ripe fruit mixture of 50 ml vinegar, 4-6 drops of dishwashing soap and 75 ml water in a 1/2L bottle, with 4-5 holes of 7 mm near the neck for entry of Melon fly damage on pumpkin attracts flies insects (photo by Waitiki Kariuki) l After harvest, remove non-harvested melons and wild pumpkins as they will host larvae. l When damage is detected on 1-2 melons/10 m2 on average, consider Bury 15 to 30 cm deep. acting quickly before more eggs are laid Note: Pesticides may be available to control this pest. Please check with the Ministry of Agriculture in your country to find out which pesticides are registered in your country and the local restrictions for their use. CREATED/UPDATED: September 2017 LOSE LESS, FEED MORE PRODUCED BY: Plantwise Plantwise is a CABI-led global initiative www.plantwise.org.

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Life History of the Melon Fly
LIFE HISTORY OF THE MELON FLY By E. A. BACK, Entomological assistant, and C. E. PEMBëRTON, Scientific Assistant, Mediterranean Fruit-Fly Investigations, Bureau of Entomology INTRODUCTION Aside from the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., there is no other insect in the Hawaiian Islands that is causing such financial loss to fruit and vegetable interests as the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq. The damages caused by its ravages are placed by some even higher than those caused by C. capitata. While B. cucurbitae was not officially recorded until November, 1898, when it was first discovered by Mr. George Compere in the market gardens in the environs of Honolulu, it had been knownlocally about that city many years before. Mr. Albert Waterhouse, Acting President of the Hawaiian Board of Agriculture and Forestry, states that less than 30 years ago excellent cantaloupes (Cucumis meló) and watermelons (Citrullus vulgaris) and many kinds of pumpkins and squashes were grown in profusion the year round. Since that time the spread of the melon fly has been so rapid that this insect is now found on all the important islands of the Hawaiian group, and cantaloupes and water- melons can not be grown except on new land distant from old gardens. More than 95 per cent of the pumpkin (Cucúrbita pepo) crop is annually ruined, not to mention the havoc caused among the more resistant cucumbers (Cucumis sativus). ^ Not only does the adult melon fly oviposit in fruit that has already set, but more often—in the case of the pumpkin and the squash (Cucúrbita spp.)—in the unopened male and female flowers, in the stem of the vine, and even in the seedling itself, especially in seedlings of the watermelon and the cantaloupe.
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Diptera: Tephritidae), Mutant
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