Twelve years at DESY

David Cline - reviewing thirty years of neutral current research.

phenomenology of supersymmetry, As reported in our previous issue and Mark Ito (Princeton) described (page 27), on 28 February Volker past and future searches for new Soergel stepped down after serving decay modes in K decays. Ahmed Ali as Chairman of the Board of the (DESY) looked at the b quark sector DESY Laboratory in Hamburg since and the observation of neutral B January 1981, when the previous meson mixing by UA1 and ARGUS. chairman, Herwig Schopper, moved Participants enjoyed the informal to become Diractor General of discussion and informed recollections CERN. DESY is now headed by of an exciting period in particle Bjorn Wiik. physics, a period when small groups During the twelve years of Soergel's D. Cline. The discussion centred on of scientists made major break­ mandate, DESY substantially why Fermilab failed to get the early throughs, a contrast when imminent evolved and progressed. Dominating collider programme started, thus experiments at the SSC and LHC will the landscape was the big HERA failing to compete for the big discov­ involve groups of 500 to 1000 peo­ electron-proton collider - the world's eries, and the brilliant CERN accel­ ple. first - proposed, approved, con­ erator team that made the proton- The proceedings of the meeting, structed and commissioned under antiproton collider a reality. published by American Institute of Soergel's leadership. As well as An interlude was speculation on the Physics, will be edited by D. Cline pioneering electron-proton collisions, role of neutral currents in a possible and A.K. Mann. HERA also broke new ground in connection between the chirality (left- international collaboration. At the right handedness) of life. Dilip From David Cline (UCLA) approval of the project by the Ger­ Kondepudi (Wake Forest) presented man government, it had already been an interesting study of the mecha­ Historic picture by Pedro Waloschek of all the made clear that both the machine nism by which a small symmetry Chairmen of DESY's Board of Directors since and its experiments had to be built breaking WNC interaction in the the foundation of the Hamburg Laboratory in with full international cooperation, 1959. Left to right - Herwig Schopper (3rd), using material contributions from prebiotic period on earth could be Wolfgang Paul (2nd), Willibald Jentschke amplified into the full chiral symmetry (founding), Volker Soergel (retiring), Bjorn Wiik foreign institutes. With the difficult breaking observed in all life forms. (current). task of transforming these require- Hangyo Wang (UCLA) showed new simulations on the same theme. Carl Wieman (Colorado) surveyed the past and future of atomic physics parity violation measurements. These beautiful table-top experiments will soon provide new precision in this field. Sandip Pakvasa (Hawaii) recalled the confusion and developments during the period 1974-1978 until the Standard Model was finally estab­ lished. Robert Burman (Los Alamos) described neutral current studies with low energy neutrino beams and the observation of W/Z interference effects. Turning to the future, Vernon Barger (Wisconsin) peered beyond the Standard Model, emphasizing the

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62 Circle advertisement number on reader service form CERN Courier, May 1993 7 More valves. answers. Because their engineers know valves. Better design. And how to solve vacuum problems. First-class tech support. Plus, they've got a lot more than valves . . Whether you need butterfly or gate valves. Pneumatic or It's all in the free catalog. manual. Bakeable or elastomer- Everything. From positioners to sealed. Right-angle, in-line or straight-through - connectors to full custom chambers. To get Huntington is the place . . . the catalog, just call: Huntington Laboratories, Broader selection and better designs. Like their unique 1040 LAvenida, Mountain View, CA 94043. conical seats, for tighter seals. Or their patented butterfly (800) 227-8059 or (415) 964-3323. floating shaft, for perfect flapper centering. Or their solid construction, with less welding for better integrity . . . Huntington And when you call Huntington, you get intelligent Better-Built Vacuum Components merits into hard reality, Volker (SR)' schemes. At DESY, the SR Volker Soergel in particular fostered Soergel succeeded brilliantly. The potential of the DORIS ring, in use good relations with Laboratories in 'HERA model', with interested since 1974, was extended with a new Eastern Europe. While political countries pledging contributions in hall, inaugurated in 1981, a building obstacles have been removed, equipment and/or manpower, estab­ added for X-ray angiography and economic ones remain, and the lished a new route to major project medical research, another for mo­ tradition of cooperation with Eastern involvement. lecular biology, and finally a new Europe will be maintained in this For HERA, the substantial Italian curved section on one side of the ring important transition period. contribution, organized by Antonino providing additional space for ex­ The Soergel era also saw closer Zichichi, was vital to the success of tracted beams. DESY now provides ties with universities, where he the project. an impressive array of SR facilities. cultivated a university-like atmos­ Attesting to the success of the Meanwhile the Argus experiment phere in the big Laboratory. HERA preparations, physics results continued as the flagship of DORIS In these and many other issues, from the big H1 and Zeus detectors particle physics, providing many Soergel's pragmatic and direct were presented last year and the valuable results in heavy quark approach was continually fruitful, as machine is rapidly approaching its physics. concurred by the scientists, politi­ design performance. Away from physics, the Laboratory cians and DESY staff who took part Away from HERA, the PETRA also played its part in German in the retrospective event in his electron-positron collider continued to reunification. The Institute of High honour held at DESY on 25 Febru­ operate for physics until 1986, when Energy Physics in Zeuthen, south of ary. it embarked on a new career as Berlin, formerly in East Germany, is While he has returned to the Uni­ HERA injector. The observation of now part of DESY, under an agree­ versity of Heidelberg, Volker Soergel gluon jets and deep studies of quark/ ment between the Federal Govern­ remains in close contact with DESY gluon field effects were PETRA's ment, the City of Hamburg and the as a member of the Laboratory's main physics claim to fame. 'Land' of Brandenburg. Scientific Council. Electron Laboratories are inextrica­ Even before the iron curtain was bly linked with synchrotron radiation drawn back, DESY in general and

Around the Laboratories

E142 experiment from Stanford of the neutron, and have tested for announcing results from data taken the first time the Bjorken sum rule. CERN/STANFORD in 1992. This is a fundamental prediction of And now, what makes Both experiments were proposed quark-gluon field theory (quantum shortly after the 1987 surprise from chromodynamics - QCD) which the neutron spin? the European Muon Collaboration relates the difference between proton (EMC), when the combination of and neutron spin structure to well The annual Rencontres de Moriond EMC and earlier Stanford (SLAC) known coupling constants from in the French Alps traditionally data indicated that little of the proton neutron beta-decay. provide a clothes line on which to spin is carried by valence quarks. At Moriond, SMC showed the spin hang interesting new physics results Spin - the proton's main space-time structure of the deuteron from spin- while they are still wet. This year's quantum number - seemed to come oriented (polarized) muons probing meeting, from March 20-27, saw mainly from the 'sea' of accompany­ deep inside polarized deuterons, exciting news on nucléon spin ing quarks and gluons. over a wide kinematical range (x, the structure, with the Spin Muon Col­ The SMC and E142 experiments fraction of the nucléon momentum laboration (SMC) from CERN and the have investigated the spin structure carried by quarks, running from 0.006

CERN Courier, May 1993 9