Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} 1899-1943 The and the Republic by Alan Clinton Jean Moulin 1899-1943: The French Resistance and the Republic by Alan Clinton. Our systems have detected unusual traffic activity from your network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's you making the requests and not a robot. If you are having trouble seeing or completing this challenge, this page may help. If you continue to experience issues, you can contact JSTOR support. Block Reference: #a32fec40-cfb1-11eb-937b-fb57cc615e3b VID: #(null) IP: 116.202.236.252 Date and time: Thu, 17 Jun 2021 21:19:01 GMT. Alan Clinton. Alan Clinton, who has died of cancer aged 61, had a long career as a politician on London's Islington council, and served as its leader for three years. His commitment to Islington was combined with his work as an academic and labour historian. Born in Dublin, Alan came to England with his family when he was 11. He was one of the first pupils from Xaverian College, Manchester, to gain a place at Oxford, where he read history at Merton College. Already a member of the Labour party, Alan began to be actively involved in politics at Oxford. He joined, and left, several leftwing, often Trotskyist, groups and sects; he was also involved in linking students with trade unionists at Cowley car plants. Alan gained his PhD at Chelsea College, University of London, researching trades council activity under Ralph Miliband. His main intellectual interest was industrial relations, and his book, The Trade Union Rank And File: Trades Councils in Britain 1900-1940 (1977) on the political dynamics between workers and trade union leaders, established his reputation as a serious historian. In the 1980s, he wrote books on printed ephemera, libraries, unions, housing and safety at work. His massively comprehensive Post Office Workers: A Trade Union And Social History (1984) became a model for the understanding of public sector unions. During the 1970s, Alan was instrumental in setting up the Workers' Socialist League and he devoted much time to writing and campaigning for it. But he decided he would be better able to bring about the kind of social change that he longed for from within the Labour party. In 1982, he was elected to Islington council and almost immediately became chief whip; in 1986, he became deputy leader to Margaret Hodge. He was a councillor for 20 years. The Islington Labour group was faction-ridden, and energy was sometimes dissipated in internal disputes, but Alan strove to maintain services in the face of rate-capping and the unhelpful attitude of the Thatcher government. He became leader of the council in 1994; he fought to improve the quality of services and win resources for urban development and regeneration. The modernisation of King's Cross was one of his major projects. After losing the leadership in 1997, he became chair of finance and put his energies into reining in expenditure to bring about the first reductions in Islington council's tax burden. Alan's determination to respond to the many political demands of his office prevented him from becoming a permanent member of the academic establishment. He had temporary posts at Leeds University, the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Imperial College, South Bank Polytechnic, the Institute of Housing, the Irish Studies Centre, and North London Polytechnic. In 1988, he took more permanent employment as a history lecturer at Bristol Polytechnic (subsequently the University of the West of England). There he developed his interest in modern French history. Trying to combine lecturing and researching at Bristol with his work on the council, especially after he became leader, took its toll and, in 1997, he retired early. He was still determined to complete a book on a key French figure - Jean Moulin, 1899-1943: The French Resistance And The Republic was published in 2001, and represented Alan's greatest intellectual achievement. He next begun to work for the Open University in 1973, and after leaving Bristol, tutored additional courses, most importantly the MA in historical studies. Alan, who befriended many with his warmth and laughter, showed the same care and commitment to his Open University students as he had to the residents of his ward in Islington. He was married twice. He is survived by his partner, Alison Appleby, who cared for him during his illness. · Alan Michael Clinton, historian and politician, born June 8 1943; died January 10 2005. Jean Moulin, 1899 - 1943. Jean Moulin is a universally recognized French hero, celebrated as the delegate of General de Gaulle to Nazi-occupied France in 1942-3 and founder of the National Resistance Council in May 1943. He is known for defiance of the German invaders in June 1940 and for his death in the hands of Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie in July 1943. This book is the fist fully documented account in English of his republican background, his resistance activities, and of his death and reputation. …mehr. Jean Moulin. Jean Moulin (20 June 1899 – 8 July 1943) was a high-profile member of the French Resistance during World War II. [ 1 ] He is remembered today as an emblem of the Resistance, owing mainly to his role in unifying the French resistance under de Gaulle and his courage and death at the hands of the Gestapo. Contents. Before the war. Moulin was born in Béziers, France, and enlisted in the French Army in 1918. After World War I, he resumed his studies and obtained a degree in law in 1921. He then entered the prefectural administration as chef de cabinet to the deputy of Savoie in 1922, then as sous-préfet of Albertville, from 1925 to 1930. He was France's youngest sous-préfet at the time. He married Marguerite Cerruti in September 1926, but the couple divorced in 1928. In 1930, he was the sous-préfet of Châteaulin, Brittany. During that time, he also drew political cartoons in the newspaper Le Rire under the pseudonym Romanin . He also became an illustrator for the Breton poet Tristan Corbière's books; among other works he made an etching for La Pastorale de Conlie , Corbière's poem about the camp of Conlie where many Breton soldiers died in 1870. He also made friends with the Breton poets Saint-Pol-Roux in Camaret and Max Jacob in Quimper. [ 2 ] He became France's youngest préfet in the Aveyron département , based in the commune of Rodez, in January 1937. Some claim that during the Spanish Civil War he supplied arms from the Soviet Union to Spain. A more commonly accepted version of events is that he supplied French planes to the Republican forces from his position in the aviation ministry. The Resistance. In 1939, Moulin was appointed préfet of the Eure-et-Loir département . The Germans arrested him in June 1940 because he refused to sign a German document that falsely blamed Senegalese French Army troops for civilian massacres. In prison, he attempted suicide by cutting his throat with a piece of broken glass. This left him with a scar that he would often hide with a scarf — the image of Jean Moulin remembered today. In November 1940, the Vichy government ordered all préfets to dismiss left-wing elected mayors of towns and villages. When Moulin refused, he was himself removed from office. He then lived in Saint-Andiol (Bouches-du-Rhône), and joined the French Resistance. Moulin reached London in September 1941 under the name Joseph Jean Mercier , and met General Charles de Gaulle, who asked him to unify the various resistance groups. On 1 January 1942, he parachuted into the Alpilles. Under the codenames Rex and Max , he met with the leaders of the resistance groups: ( Combat ) ( Libération ) ( Francs-tireurs ) ( Front national , not to be confused with the present-day far-right French political party Front national ) ( Comité d'action socialiste ) He succeeded to the extent that the first three of these resistance leaders and their groups came together to form the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (M.U.R.) in January 1943. In February 1943, Moulin returned to London, accompanied by , head of the new Armée secrète which grouped together the M.U.R.'s military wings. He left London on 21 March 1943 with orders to form the Conseil national de la Résistance (CNR), a difficult task since the five resistance movements involved (beside the three already in the M.U.R.) wanted to retain their independence. The first meeting of the CNR took place in on 27 May 1943. In his work in shepherding the Resistance, Moulin was aided by his private administrative assistant Laure Diebold. On 21 June 1943, Jean Moulin was arrested at a meeting with fellow Resistance leaders in the home of Doctor Frédéric Dugoujon in Caluire-et- Cuire, a suburb of . Moulin, Dugoujon, Henri Aubry (alias Avricourt and Thomas), , Bruno Larat (alias Xavier-Laurent Parisot), André Lassagne (alias Lombard), Colonel Albert Lacaze, Colonel Emile Schwarzfeld (alias Blumstein) and René Hardy (alias Didot) were arrested. Interrogated extensively in Lyon by Klaus Barbie, head of the Gestapo there, and later more briefly in Paris, Moulin never revealed anything to his captors. He died near Metz while on a train in transit towards Germany. [ 3 ] The cause of death was injuries suffered either during torture or in a suicide attempt; Barbie alleged that suicide was the cause, and one Moulin biographer, Patrick Marnham, supports this explanation, though it is widely believed that Barbie personally beat Moulin to death. [ 4 ] Who betrayed Moulin? René Hardy was caught and released by the Gestapo, who had followed him to the meeting at the doctor's house. Some [ who? ] believe that this was a deliberate act of treason; others think René Hardy was simply reckless. Two trials concluded that he was innocent. A recent TV film [ when? ] about the life and death of Jean Moulin depicted René Hardy collaborating with the Gestapo, thus reviving the controversy. The Hardy family attempted to bring a lawsuit against the producers of the movie. [ citation needed ] There have been many allegations in the post-war years that Moulin was a Communist. No hard evidence has ever backed up this claim. Marnham looked into the allegations, but found no evidence to support the assertion (though members of the party could easily have seen him as a 'fellow traveler' owing to his Communist friends and support for the Republican side in Spain). As préfet, Moulin even ordered the repression of Communist 'agitators' and went so far as to have police keep some under surveillance. [ 5 ] It has also been suggested, principally in Marnham's biography, that Moulin was betrayed by Communists. Marnham points the finger specifically at Raymond Aubrac and possibly his wife, Lucie Aubrac. He claims that Communists did at times betray non-Communists to the Gestapo and that Aubrac has been linked to harsh actions during the purge of collaborators after the war. In 1990, Klaus Barbie, by then a "bitter, dying Nazi" named Aubrac as the traitor. [ 6 ] To counteract the accusations leveled at Moulin, his personal secretary during the war, Daniel Cordier, has written his own biography of his former leader. The legend. Moulin was initially buried in Le Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His ashes were later transferred to The Panthéon on 19 December 1964. The speech given by André Malraux, writer and minister of the Republic, upon the transfer of his ashes is one of the most famous speeches in French history. Today, Jean Moulin is used in French education to illustrate civic virtues, moral rectitude and patriotism. He is a symbol of the Resistance. Many schools and a university, as well as innumerable streets, squares and even a Paris tram station have been named after him. The Musée Jean Moulin commemorates his life and the Resistance. Jean Moulin is the third most popular name for a French Ecole primaire , Collège , and Lycée . [ citation needed ] The Jean Pierre Melville film Army of Shadows (based on a book of the same name) depicts several famous events in Moulin's war experience, such as his visits to London, his reliance on his female assistant, his decoration by Charles de Gaulle and his parachuting back into France during the war. These events are not specifically attributed to Moulin, but the parallels are no doubt intentional, given the film's celebration of the resistance, and Moulin's iconic status. Jean Moulin became the most famous and honoured French Resistance fighter. He is known by practically all French people, thanks to his famous monochrome photo, with his scarf and his fedora. Other martyrs of the clandestine fight, such as Pierre Brossolette, Jean Cavaillès or Jacques Bingen, all of them organizers of the underground army, are overshadowed by his legend. [ citation needed ] In 1993, a commemorative French two franc coin was issued showing a partial image of Moulin against the Croix de Lorraine. The image was based on the iconic fedora and scarf photograph. References. ^ [1] BBC: Jean Moulin (1899 - 1943)' ^ Peyre, Alain (2000). Jean Moulin dit Romanin (based on an exhibition of his work at the Galerie d'Art du Conseil General des Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-En-Provence, 6 April-25 June 2000) . Arles: Actes Sud. pp. 53. ISBN 978-2-7427-2690-5. ^ [2] Death certificate for Jean Moulin (in German) ^ Milano, James V.; Brogan, Patrick (2000). Soldiers, Spies, and the Rat Line : America's Undeclared War Against the Soviets . Potomac Books. pp. 256. ISBN 1-57488-304-6. p. 202 ^ Marnham, Patrick. The Death of Jean Moulin: Biography of a Ghost . Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6584-1. p. 104 ^ "Obituary:Raymond Aubrac". Daily Telegraph. 11 Apr 2012 . http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9198381/Raymond-Aubrac.html . Retrieved 11 Apr 2012 . Bibliography. Baynac, Jacques. Les secrets de l'affaire Jean Moulin: Contexte, Causes Et Circonstances . Seuil: Paris, 1998. ISBN 2-02-033164-0 Clinton, Alan. Jean Moulin, 1899-1943: the French Resistance and the Republic . Palgrave: New York, 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-76486-2 Daniel Cordier. Jean Moulin. La République des catacombes . Gallimard: Paris, 1999. ISBN 2-07-074312-8 Hardy, René. Derniers mots: Mémoires . Fayard: Paris, 1984. ISBN 2-213-01320-9 Marnham, Patrick. The Death of Jean Moulin: Biography of a Ghost . John Murray: New York, 2001. ISBN 0-7126-6584-6 (Also published as Resistance and Betrayal ISBN 0-375-50608-X) Moulin, Laure. Jean Moulin . Presses de la Cité: Paris, 1982. (En préface le discours de André Malraux). ISBN 2-258-01120-5 Noguères, Henri. La vérité aura le dernier mot . Seuil: Paris, 1985 ISBN 2-02-008683-2 Péan, Pierre. Vies et morts de Jean Moulin . Fayard: Paris, 1998. ISBN 2-213-60257-3 Storck-Cerruty, Marguerite. J'étais la femme de Jean Moulin . Régine Desforges: Paris, 1977. (Avec lettre-préface de Robert Aron, de l'Académie française). ISBN 2-901980-74-0 Sweets, John F.. The Politics of Resistance in France, 1940-1944: A History of the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance . Northern Illinois University Press: De Kalb, 1976. ISBN 0-87580-061-0. External links. (English) (English) (English) (English) This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) Jean Moulin 1899-1943: The French Resistance and the Republic by Alan Clinton. The collection comprises correspondence, research notes, publications and drafts compiled by Alan Clinton during research for his book Printed Ephemera: Collection, Organisation, Access published by Clive Bingley in 1981 (1976-1980); Correspondence, organisational documents, ephemera, handwritten notes and other material regarding Clinton's involvement with the Oxford University Labour Club and other groupings, including the Socialist Labour League, his time serving on Islington Council, various publications and articles (1964-1990), Trotskyist and other left-wing pamphlets and journals, 1960s-1980s, including Workers Press and Newsline. Administrative / Biographical History. Born Dublin, June 1943; came to England with his family when he was 11; studied at Xaverian College, Manchester, and read history at Merton College, Oxford, where he became actively involved with politics as a member of the Labour Party and also joined several socialist and Trotskyite groupings. Clinton gained his PhD at Chelsea College, University of London, researching trades council activity (under Ralph Miliband) and industrial relations were to remain his main intellectual interest, publishing the book The Trade Union Rank And File: Trades Councils in Britain 1900-1940 in 1977. In the 1980s, Clinton wrote books on printed ephemera, libraries, unions, housing and safety at work. His large work, Post Office Workers: A Trade Union And Social History was published in 1984. During the 1970s, Clinton was instrumental in setting up the Workers' Socialist League and devoted much time to its campaigning and publications. In 1982, he was elected to Islington council and almost immediately became chief whip; in 1986, he became deputy leader to Margaret Hodge, and leader himself, 1994-1997. As well as politics, Clinton also taught widely, holding temporary posts at Leeds University, the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Imperial College, South Bank Polytechnic, the Institute of Housing, the Irish Studies Centre and North London Polytechnic. In 1988, he took more permanent employment as a history lecturer at Bristol Polytechnic (subsequently the University of the West of England). Clinton's last work Jean Moulin, 1899-1943: The French Resistance And The Republic was published in 2001. He died in January 2005. Arrangement. No further arrangement at present. Access Information. Access to this collection is unrestricted for the purpose of private study and personal research within the supervised environment and restrictions of the Library's Palaeography Room. Access to archive collections may be restricted under the Freedom of Information Act. Please contact the University Archivist for details. Acquisition Information. Gifted to Senate House Library by Owen Clinton and Alison Appleby in April 2005. Other Finding Aids. A box list has been compiled for this collection. Archivist's Note. Compiled by Stefan Dickers on behalf of the RSLP AIM25 Project. Separated Material. Alan Clinton's papers are also held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick (ref. MSS.539). These mainly comprise archives of Trotskyist organisations such as the Workers' Socialist League, circa 1970s-1980s.