Index

Abel, Walter, 69 Barrymore, John, 348, 360 “Acorn.” See Oakes, James Barrymore, Lionel, 349 AIDS, 288, 304 bearded marriage, 11, 59, 86–87, 96, Akins, Zoë, 69 98, 155–56, 162, 175, 324, 346, Albee, Edward, 164 360–61 Alexandre, Arsène, 311 Beaton, Cecil, 97, 100, 101 Alger, William Rounseville, 226, 229, Beau Brummell (Fitch), 33, 34–38, 44 237–38, 240–41 Becker, Edith, 10 Allan, Maud, 318 Behold the Bridegroom (Kelly), 131, American Repertory Theatre, 375 136, 138–39 Amherst College, 28, 29 Belasco, David, 264, 265–66, 274, 275, Anderlini-D’Onofrio, Serena, 65 277 Angels in America (Kushner), 2, 305 Belasco Theatre, 269, 278 Antiphon, The (Barnes), 105, 108, 114, Bel-Geddes, Norman, 91–92, 266 116, 121, 122 Bell, Archie, 27, 45 (Porter), 160 Belmont, Mrs. O. H. P., 153 Appia, Adolphe, 320, 338, 381 Bender, Milton, 172, 173, 176 Archaic Hours, 380 Benstock, Shari, 108–9, 113 Archways of Life (poetry), 87–89 Bentley, Eric, 15, 288–307 Arena Stage, 2 Bentley, Gladys, 281 Are You Now or Have You Ever Bergman, David, 201 Been: The Investigations of Show- Berkeley, Busby, 182 Business by the Un-American Activ- Berzon, Betty, 13 ities Committee (Bentley), 300 Betsky, Aaron, 15 As Husbands Go (Crothers), 62, 68, Bigelow, Dorothie, 153 70, 73, 74 Bigsby, C. W. E., 194 Association for Theatre in Higher Bill Comes Back (Crothers), 62 Education, 1 bisexual as term, 11 Astor Place Riot, 236 bisexuality, 108, 110, 281, 296, 371, 385 Atkinson, Brooks, 75, 96, 265, 266 Bloch, Gabrielle, 311, 325–27 bohemianism, 106, 110, 342–43 Baba, Meher, 98 Boone, Mary Callahan, 367 Badeau, Adam, 15, 222, 223, 242–53, Booth, Edwin, 15, 222, 223, 242–53, 288, 292 263, 292 Bankhead, Tallulah, 81, 136, 169 Booth, Junius Brutus, 228, 242, 249 Barclift, Nelson, 162 Born to Dance (Porter), 161 Barnes, Djuna, 12, 13, 14, 57, 76, Boucicault, Dion, 314 105–25, 343, 348 Boy in the Basement, The (Inge), 215 Barney, Natalie, 105, 114, 313 Boys from Syracuse, The (Rodgers Barrett, Lawrence, 239, 240 and Hart), 167, 184

395 396 Index

Brando, Marlon, 293 147–49, 161–63, 172–73, 201, 226, Bray, Robert, 162, 163 232–36, 244–46, 248, 263–83, 330, Brecht, Bertolt, 291 351–53, 370 Brontë, Charlotte, 242 Climbers, The (Fitch), 45 Broun, Heywood, 61 closet: coming out of, 3–4, 14, 96, Brustein, Robert, 194, 210–11 104n. 52, 121, 209, 215, 288, 297, Bus Stop (Inge), 204, 206–9, 210, 215 299, 303–6, 348; as mode of hiding By Jupiter (Rodgers and Hart), 180, one’s sexual proclivities, 25–26, 43, 182, 183, 184, 187 76, 88, 106, 113, 122, 171, 177, 194, 215, 289–306, 317–18, 339, 354, Cain, John, 133–34 369 Callas, Maria, 385 Clum, John, 7, 195, 198 Callow, Simon, 365 Cohn, Roy, 299, 300 Calloway, Stephen, 34 Cole, Louis, 282 Calthrop, Gladys E., 94 Coleman, Bud, 15, 381 camp, 163, 180, 202–3, 208, 305 Coleman, John, 235 Can-Can (Porter), 162 Collinge, Patricia, 131 Capote, Truman, 81 Come Back, Little Sheba (Inge), 195, Captive, The (Bourdet), 96, 119, 169, 204–6, 210, 215 273 Comstock, Ray, 342 Carby, Hazel V., 267, 269 Congdon, Charles T., 225, 226, 229 Carrington, Margaret, 360 Connecticut Yankee, A (Rodgers and Case, Sue-Ellen, 7 Hart), 167 Catholic University of America, 2, 305 Cook, Jig, 111–12 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Williams), Coolidge, Calvin, 329–30 296 Cornell, Katharine, 81 censorship, 1–2, 96, 107, 173, 195, 305 Corpus Christi (McNally), 1 Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies, Coward, Noel, 93, 156, 171, 182 3–4 Cradle Will Rock, The (Blitzstein), 365 Century of Hero Worship, A (Bent- Craig, Edward Gordon, 96, 338, 344, ley), 293 346 Chauncey, George, 4, 6, 31, 167, 168, Craig’s Wife (Kelly), 126, 131, 136, 138 170, 171, 179, 180, 263, 272, 346, Crawford, Cheryl, 375 357 cross-dressing, 10, 265, 316; female-to- Chekhov, Anton, 291 male, 97, 182, 263, 281, 314, 326; Chipman, Jay, 15, 345 male-to-female, 25, 29–30, 45–46, Church, Frederick, 243 141, 150, 161, 169, 171, 196–97 (pho- “Cibber, Colley.” See Rees, James tos), 208, 263, 274, 281–83. See also Citron, Michelle, 10 transvestism City, The (Fitch), 47 Crothers, Rachel, 5, 7, 13, 14, 55–80, Claire, Ina, 140, 141 86–87, 369, 373, 375 Clam House, 281 Curie, Marie, 326 Clapp, Henry, Jr., 222 Curry, J. K., 86, 373 Claretie, Jules, 313 Curtin, Kaier, 6 Clark, Susan, 343, 348 Curtis, George William, 245 class and sexuality, 7, 13, 27–28, Cushman, Charlotte, 222, 232, 233–36, 31–32, 34, 46, 71, 133–34, 141, 250 Index 397

Daisy Mayme (Kelly), 139 Duncan, Isadora, 81, 83–85, 318, Dallas Civic Opera, 372 324–25, 327, 333 Dalton, Anne B., 122 Dunnigan Bill, 173 Daly, Augustin, 41 Duse, Eleonora, 81, 90, 100 dandy as type, 25, 28, 33–36, 44, 130 Dark at the Top of the Stairs, The Eagels, Jeanne, 269 (Inge), 204, 210, 211–15 Eaton, Walter Prichard, 25 Dark Light, The (de Acosta), 93, 96 Elliott, Maxine, 67 Davis, Bette, 385 Ellis, Havelock, 280 Davis, Owen, 58 ethnicity and sexuality, 7–8, 13, 44, de Acosta, Mercedes, 7, 12, 13, 14, 59, 93–95, 126–27, 167–68, 170, 212–14, 76, 81–104, 325 352 Dearest Enemy (Rodgers and Hart), Everyday (Crothers), 68, 71 167, 176 Expletive Deleted (Bentley), 303 Death of Life: Death is the Poor Exposition Universelle of 1900, 321–22 Man’s Purse—Baudelaire, The Expressing Willie (Crothers), 69, 70 (Barnes), 110 Eythe, William, 163 Debussy, Claude, 321 Deep Mrs. Sykes, The (Kelly), 140 Faderman, Lillian, 6, 263, 369, 370, DeFoe, Louis, 48 373 de Jongh, Nicholas, 6, 11 fairy as queer type, 31, 34, 38, 40–41, DeLamar, Alice, 91 285n. 27 DeMille, Agnes, 383 Fall of the Amazons, The (Bentley), de Morinni, Clare, 311 288–89 Dennis, Ruth, 270–71 Fatal Weakness, The (Kelly), 126, 140 Desire under the Elms (O’Neill), Fearnow, Mark, 171 353–54, 355–56, 361 Feder, Abe, 365 Desperate (‹lm script), 97 Federal Theatre Project, 365, 369 Devlin, Mary, 250–51 female support networks, 66–69, de Wolfe, Elsie, 153, 156, 375 76–77, 131, 371–73. See also queer Dietrich, Marlene, 81, 97–98, 101, 106 subculture and support networks Dillman, Bradford, 296 feminism, 7, 60, 70, 74, 110 Dithmar, E. A., 33 Fields, Herb, 182 Dodge, Mabel, 342, 343, 344, 360 Fifteen Years of a Dancer’s Life, 314 Dolan, Jill, 1, 7, 8, 9 Finders Keepers (Kelly), 128–29, 130 Dorlag, Arthur, 265 Fitch, Clyde, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14, 23–54, Douglas, Lord Alfred, 303 140–41 Douglas, William O., 300 Flammarion, Camille, 314 Dove, The (Barnes), 105, 116–19 Flattering Word, The (Kelly), 130, 141 drag, as homosexual performance, Folies-Bergère, 316, 320, 325 201, 262–64, 266, 270–71, 273, Fontanne, Lynn, 384, 385 281–83, 287n. 51, 299 Ford, Helen, 176 Dramatic Event, The (Bentley), 295 Forney, John W., 239 Dramatic Imagination, The (Jones), Forrest, Edwin, 15, 222, 223, 224–41, 359 244, 245, 252, 253, 263, 292 Drukman, Steven, 3 Forster, John, 233, 234, 236 Duberman, Martin, 4, 6, 197–98, 247 Foucault, Michel, 163 398 Index

Freudian ideas, 168, 171, 172, 178, 179, Great God Brown, The (O’Neill), 356, 187, 280, 342, 359 357, 361, 362 Frohman, Charles, 5, 23, 30–31, 39, Greenwich Village, 110, 180, 181, 40–42 342–43, 368 From the Memoirs of Pontius Pilate Greenwich Village Follies (Porter), 160 (Bentley), 301, 302–3 Gross, Alexander, 325 Fuller, Loie, 15, 311–37, 381 Guggenheim, Peggy, 121 Fuoss, Kirk, 225 Guilford, Nanette, 175 Furber, Mary, 341 Haines, William, 169 Gallagher, John, 13 Hairy Ape, The (O’Neill), 351–52, 354, Garber, Eric, 6, 263 355, 357, 361, 362 Garbo, Greta, 81, 97, 100, 101 Hall, Radclyffe, 96, 181, 314 Garelick, Rhonda K., 322, 334 Hallam, Arthur, 241 Garrick Gaieties, The (Rodgers and Hammerstein, Oscar, II, 168, 176, 177, Hart), 176, 180 178, 179, 180 Garrison, Eula Seeley, 57 Hand’s Up (Porter), 152 gay aesthetic, 294–95. See also queer Handy, Anita, 275, 276 style Hanna, Leonard, 149, 150 Gay and Lesbian Association against Happy Prince, The (Wilde), 41 Defamation, 296 Harlem. See Harlem Renaissance gay and lesbian studies and theater Harlem Renaissance, 262–87 studies, 6–8 Harris, Sam, 89–90 gay as term, 3, 8–9, 11 Harrison, Gabriel, 225, 238, 239, 240 Gellar, Samantha, 1, 3 Harrison, Hubert H., 265 Gémier, Fermin, 91 Hart, Lorenz, 7, 12, 14, 147, 157, George, Stefan, 294 167–93 Gershwin, Ira, 177 Harvard University, 339, 341, 347; Gerson, Virginia, 28, 33, 37, 46 Graduate School of Arts and Sci- Gest, Morris, 342 ences, 152 Gielgud, John, 94, 95 Hatch, James V., 6 Gill, Brendan, 155, 158 Hays, Col. William, 323–24 Ginsberg, Allen, 300 Haywood, “Big Bill,” 343 Girlfriend, The (Rodgers and Hart), He and She (Crothers), 55, 60–61, 62, 180 63–65, 69, 72, 73 Girl with the Green Eyes, The (Fitch), Heart of Paddy, The (Crothers), 74 44, 46 Hellman, Lillian, 300 Glaspell, Susan, 110, 112 Here Lies the Heart (autobiography), Goffman, Erving, 130 100 Golden, John, 70 Herfords, The (Crothers), 61 Goodman, Saul, 378 Herrick, Robert, 32 gossip as evidence of sexual desire, 10, Herring, Phillip, 107, 111 25, 157. See also oral history Herrnstein, Barbara, 221 Graham, Martha, 15–16, 345, 366, 367, heterosexism and American theater, 377–86 11–12 Grant, Cary, 159 heterosexual as term, 8, 13, 19n. 24, Granville-Barker, Harley, 345, 346 179 Index 399 heterosexuality as performance, Jehanne d’Arc (de Acosta), 89–93, 94, 149–50, 156, 158–60, 162, 293–94, 96, 97 299, 303, 340, 360–62, 389n. 76. See Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 350, 357 also bearded marriage Johnson, James Weldon, 265, 280 Hill, Samuel, 329, 330, 331, 332 Jones, Robert Edmond, 5, 7, 338–64 Hirsch, Foster, 126, 134 (Porter), 160 Hirschfeld, Magnus, 170, 280 Jung, Carl, 347, 358 Hoagland, Angeline G., 57 Jungle Alley, 276, 281 Holbrook, A. M., 230 Hollywood, 96–97, 131, 161, 169, 187, Kanin, Garson, 376 212; homophobia in, 158–59 Karsavina, Tamara, 81, 93, 99 Holman, Libby, 176 Kaufmann, S. J., 114–15 homoerotic as term, 9 Kazan, Elia, 292, 293, 301 homophobia, 4; and gays, 1–3, 13, 16, Kelly, George, 7, 12, 126–44 133, 139–40, 169–70, 178, 187, 198, Kendall, George W., 230 201, 203, 208, 210, 213, 215, 252, Kerouac, Jack, 300 272–73, 288, 299; and lesbians, 1, 13, Kimball, Robert, 150 91, 96, 370; and police raids, 3, 96, Kinsella, Marion, 374–75, 376, 377, 163, 179, 273, 281–82. See also cen- 385 sorship Kirk, Poppy, 99, 101 homosexual: as anti-bourgeois, 34, Kirkpatrick, Mary, 68, 69, 375 106; as term, 6, 8, 13, 19n. 24 Kiss Me, Kate (Porter), 157, 162 Hopkins, Arthur, 89, 114, 338–39, 346, Kleist Variations, The (Bentley), 303 347, 348, 349, 357, 361 Knox, Melissa, 25, 26, 34 Hornblow, Arthur, 265, 278–79 Koestenbaum, Wayne, 168, 178, 179 Horst, Louis, 378 Kramer, Larry, 4 Houseman, John, 365, 375 Krutch, Joseph Wood, 135, 138, 139, House Un-American Committee, 198, 140 300, 370 Kurzy of the Sea (Barnes), 112 Howard, Bronson, 68 Kushner, Tony, 2, 3, 305 Howard, Leslie, 365, 369 Hughes, Charlotte, 66 Ladies Almanack (Barnes), 113 Human Rights Campaign, 16 Lady’s Virtue, A (Crothers), 69 Lansbury, Angela, 385 Ibsen, Henrik, 291 La Ronde (Bentley), 305 Imes, Reverend William Lloyd, 277 Last of the Dandies, The (Fitch), 44 Immoralist, The (Gide), 295 LaValley, Al, 195, 198 incest, 107–8, 121–22, 123n. 4 lavender marriage, 59. See also Inge, William, 5, 12, 14, 194–217, 288 bearded marriage; white marriage inning, 4, 17n. 12 Lawson, James, 240 invert. See sexual inversion Leave It to Me (Porter), 160 Irish Triangle, An (Barnes), 112, 116 Le Gallienne, Eva, 12, 81, 87, 88–93, Irvine, John, 265 94, 96, 100, 375 Irving, Henry, 322 Leighton, Margaret, 385 Lemon, Courtenay, 110 Jacob Slovak (de Acosta), 93–95, 96 Lerner, Alan Jay, 179 Jazz Age, 264 Lesage, Julia, 10 400 Index lesbian and gay rights movement, 2–3, Mans‹eld, Richard, 33, 35 6, 288 Manson, Frances, 175 lesbian as term, 8–9, 11, 368, 371, 385 Man’s World, A (Crothers), 55, 60–61, lesbianism: and autobiography, 62, 65, 71, 73 100–101, 121–22, 313–14, 325; and Mantle, Burns, 68 feminism, 75, 371. See also New Marbury, Elisabeth, 5, 27, 39, 40, 42, Woman 69, 83, 85, 152, 153, 156, 375 Let Us Be Gay (Crothers), 68, 70, 74 Maria, Queen (of Romania), 326, LeVay, Simon, 145–47, 164 327–31, 334 Lewis, Arthur H., 129, 134–35 Marra, Kim, 141, 338 Lewis, Russell, 360 Martin, Mary, 4, 384, 385 Lido Lady (Rodgers and Hart), 176 Marx, Karl, 147 Life versus the Paperback Romance Marx, Roger, 312, 320, 321 (Gellar), 1 Maryhill Museum of Fine Arts, 329, Light, Jimmy, 110, 347, 348 330, 331, 332 Liliom (Molnar), 87 Mary the Third (Crothers), 68, 73 Lindroth, Colette and James, 71 Massignon, Fernand, 312–13 Little Journey, A (Crothers), 62, 69 Mast, Gerald, 156–57, 175, 186 Living Theatre, 299 Maxwell, Elsa, 154, 156 Logan, Josh, 183 McBrien, William, 147, 161 Lord, Pauline, 131 McCandless, Stanley, 365 Lord Alfred’s Lover (Bentley), 297, McCarthy, Joseph. See House Un- 303, 304 American Committee Lorrain, Jean, 319 McConachie, Bruce, 226, 244–45 Lowell, Helen, 141 McCullers, Carson, 202 Lulu Belle (MacArthur and Sheldon), McDermott, Dana Sue, 340 262–87 McDonald, Jan, 111 McFarlane, James, 288 Macbeth, 349–51, 353, 354, 361 McNally, Terrence, 1, 3 MacCormack, Gilson, 313 Menken, Helen, 96 Macgowan, Kenneth, 347, 357, 358 Mercer, Mabel, 174 MacKay, Anne, 372–74 Mercury Theatre, 365, 369, 370 Macready, William Charles, 232, 233, Merman, Ethel, 160 234–36 Merrill, Lisa, 6, 14, 263 Madame Collects Herself (Barnes), Miller, DeWitt, 25, 36, 39, 40, 43 116 Miller, Neil, 9 Madison Square Garden, 343 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Maggie the Magni‹cent (Kelly), 131, Inventory, 145 140 Minton, Henry L., 167, 170, 172– Maharshi, Ramana, 98 73 male impersonation, 97. See also Miss Information (Kelly), 152 cross-dressing, female-to-male Moods (poetry), 85 Malin, Jean, 169 Moody, Richard, 252, 253 Mallarmé, Stéphane, 312 Morgan, Anne, 153, 156 Mankiewicz, Joseph, 293 Mosely, Gene, 274 mannish lesbian as type, 81, 89, 97, Moses, Montrose J., 28, 33, 37, 46 180, 234–35, 263 Mosher, Grace, 37 Index 401

Mother of Christ, The (de Acosta), outing, 3–4, 213–14, 303, 305 90–91, 92, 96, 100 Out of This World (Porter), 163 Munson, Ona, 81, 98–99 Myself—Bettina (Crothers), 55, 67 Pal Joey (Rodgers and Hart), 167, 182, 184, 185, 186–87 Nathan, George Jean, 96, 116 (Porter), 156, 160 National Coalition Against Censor- passing as mode of hiding one’s sex- ship, 2 ual proclivities, 5, 45 Nazimova, Alla, 81, 85, 98, 113, 346 passing marriage. See bearded mar- Neighborhood Playhouse, 365, 369, riage; white marriage 378 Passing Performances, 3, 4, 16, 222 New Stagecraft, 265, 338, 345, 348 Passion Play (Barnes), 116 Newton, Esther, 6 Peggy-Ann (Rodgers and Hart), 176 New Woman, 313–14, 318, 322, 324, Phelps, William Lyon, 27, 48 334 Philip Goes Forth (Kelly), 131, 136 New York City Ballet, 366, 373 Phillips, Arthur K., 94 Nice People (Crothers), 68, 69, 71, 73 Picnic (Inge), 194, 195, 196, 197, Nielson, Carlotta, 67 198–204, 210, 213, 215, 293 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 294 Pierné, Gabriel, 321, 323 Nigger Heaven (novel), 274 Pinckney, Ida, 319 Night and Day (Porter), 158–59 Pinoch, Georges, 327 Nightwood (Barnes), 105, 108, 120, Playwright as Thinker, The, 290–92 121 Poet and the Puppets, The (Fitch), 40, Nijinsky, Vaslav, 345 41 Niles, Blair, 282 Poole, Abram, 86, 90, 98 Nixon, Richard, 303 Poor Aubrey (Kelly), 131 Nolan, Frederick, 169 Poovey, Mary, 233 Nolan, Willy, 370 Porcher, Nananne, 372, 373, 374, 377, Nugent, Bruce, 282 385 Porter, Cole, 7, 11, 12, 14, 145–66, 171, Oakes, James, 15, 222, 223, 224–41, 182, 183 244, 252, 253, 288, 292 Porter, William T., 230, 232, 234 O’Brien, Eva, 346 Portrait of Dorian Gray, The (Wilde), O’Hara, John, 173 34–36, 40 Oklahoma! (Rodgers and Hammer- Powell, Adam Clayton, 272 stein), 177 Present Arms (Rodgers and Hart), 182 Old Hutch (Kelly), 131 Provincetown Players, 105, 110, Old Lady 31 (Crothers), 74 111–12, 114, 116, 122–23, 338, 347, Once Upon a Time (Crothers), 62 348 O’Neill, Eugene, 5, 347 Pulitzer Prize, 137 On Your Toes (Rodgers and Hart), 167 Quack, M.D., 314, 315 oral history, 10, 339. See also gossip queening, 12, 202, 206–7, 297–98 Orientalism, 315, 322–23 queer as term, 9, 11, 17n. 15, 290 Orpheus in the Underworld (Bentley), queer style, 15, 32–36, 44–45, 113–20, 297 122, 147, 150–51, 156–58, 163–64, Ourselves (Crothers), 72 183–85, 195–97, 206, 313, 318–23, 402 Index queer style (continued) Rodin, 326, 329, 331, 332 325, 327, 333–34, 340–42, 346, romantic friendship: female, 65, 237, 348–59, 361–62, 377, 380–86. See 329–31; male, 223–24, 226–32, also camp; queening 236–53 queer subculture and support net- Roosevelt, Eleanor, 81 works, 31–32, 39–42, 55–57, 76–77, Rosalie (Porter), 161 77n. 4, 80n. 51, 83–93, 97–101, 102n. Rosenthal, Jean, 13, 15, 365–89 14, 108–9, 117, 131–33, 152–53, Round 2 (Bentley), 304 155–56, 161–62, 169, 172, 181–82, Rupp, Leila J., 57, 371, 373, 375 185–86, 195, 262–66, 270–71, 275, Ryder (novella), 108, 113, 121 281–83, 287n. 50, 316–17, 324–32, 342–44, 345–47, 353–54, 368, 371–80, Salome (Wilde), 34, 43, 323 385, 387n. 30 Sand, George, 242 queer theater history, 4; de‹nition of, Sandro Botticelli (de Acosta), 90, 96 8 Sargeant, Winthrop, 373 Quinn, Arthur Hobson, 71 Sarlos, Robert, 111–12 Quirk, Denise, 222 Savran, David, 7, 197 Schanke, Robert A., 6, 59, 325 race and sexuality, 7–8, 13, 15, 43–44, Schmidgall, Gary, 25, 26 94–95, 161, 262–83, 301, 342. See Schuyler, George S., 277 also Orientalism Schwartz, Charles, 147, 150, 155, 160 Raffalovich, André, 32 Schwartz, Judith, 110 Rain (Colton and Randolph), 269 Scott, Freda L., 265 Rambova, Natacha, 100 Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 209, 224 Rathbone, Basil, 96 See America First (Kelly), 152, 153 Recantation of Galileo Galilei, The Segal, Vivienne, 175 (Bentley), 301 Senelick, Laurence, 6, 12, 129 Red, Hot, and Blue! (Porter), 160 sexism and American theater, 13–14, Red White and Black, The (Bentley), 58–59, 60–77, 135–36, 138, 369–70, 299 385 Red Wing, Donna, 16 sexology, 19n. 24, 255n. 24, 280, 368 Reed, John, 342, 343 sexual desire as historical force, 4–5, Rees, James, 222, 232, 236, 239–40, 253 16 Re›ected Glory (Kelly), 131, 136 sexual inversion, 26–28, 34, 43–47, Reid, Louis, 60 171–72, 180, 202 Reinhardt, Max, 338, 344, 346 sexuality: and national identity, 5, Renwood, Minnie, 315, 319 11–13, 15, 26, 43–44, 123, 224–27, Rich, B. Ruby, 10 231–36, 240–41, 263; problems of Richard III, 349–50 evidence of, 9–11; value of knowl- Richardson, Ralph, 94 edge of, 5–6, 16 Riggs, T. Lawrason, 150, 152, 153, 154 Shattuck, Charles H., 252, 253 Riguad, Andre, 334 Shauer, Mel, 168 Roach, Joseph, 242 Shepard, Matthew, 16 Robeson, Paul, 94, 301 Showalter, Elaine, 48 Rockland Palace, 262–63, 264, 270, 273 Show-Off, The (Kelly), 126, 131, Rodgers, Dorothy, 171, 175, 177 136–38 Rodgers, Richard, 167–93 Shubert, Lee, 68, 69, 70, 89, 93, 94 Index 403

Shubert Archive, 69 Theatre Production Service, 365, 372, Shuman, R. Baird, 194, 206, 209 373, 379 Signorile, Michelangelo, 13 Theatrical Syndicate, 2 (Porter), 162 Third Person (Rosenthal), 296 Sinclair, Catherine, 237 39 East (Crothers), 69 Sin‹eld, Alan, 195 Thomas, Linda Lee, 155–56, 158, Smart, Jeffrey, 147 160 Smith, Alexis, 158 Thou Desperate Pilot (Akins), 69 Smith, Gene, 243 Three from the Earth (Barnes), 112, Smith College, 117 114–15 sodomy, 11, 32 Three of Us, The (Crothers), 60, 62, spectatorship, 7, 14, 221, 223, 333; 67, 68, 71 female, 23, 60, 253, 256n. 30, 318; Throckmorton, Cleon, 348 male, 225–26, 228–29, 235, 242, 246, Til Eulenspiegel (ballet), 345 250, 253, 318 Time to Die, A (Bentley), 298 Spellman, Cardinal, 299 Time to Live, A (Bentley), 298–99 Spirit of the Times. See Porter, Tiny Closet (Inge), 215 William T. Toklas, Alice B., 81, 100 Spreckels, Alma, 327, 329, 331, 332 tomboy persona and sexual identity, St. Denis, Ruth, 333 199, 201–2 Stein, Gertrude, 81, 120, 300 Torch Bearers, The (Kelly), 126, 131, Stewart, Rosalie, 130, 131–32, 140, 141 135, 136 Stonewall, 3, 147, 158, 202, 288, 300 transgender as term, 8–11 straight as term, 3, 11 transvestism, 25, 29–30, 45–46, 97, 173, straight acting as mode of passing, 3, 180, 305. See also cross-dressing 5, 10, 206, 290, 304 Truth, The (Fitch), 44, 45 Strand, Ginger, 222, 227, 252 Tuchman, Barbara, 5 Strange Brother (novel), 282 Tuhy, John, 331 Streets and Shadows (poetry), 87–89 Stuart, Mabel, 316 Ulric, Lenore, 264, 265, 278, 283 Sturges, Howard, 156 Uncle Celestin, 315 Susan and God (Crothers), 55, 68 Until the Day Break (novel), 95–96 Swope, Martha, 377 Sylvestre, Armand, 323 “Vagabond.” See Badeau, Adam syphilis, 36, 43–44, 46, 48 Valentino, Rudolph, 212 Van Leer, David, 12, 195, 202, 297 Tasker, Yvonne, 229 Van Vechten, Carl, 274, 276, 277, 282, Tauch, Ed, 161 342, 344 Taylor, Deems, 86 vaudeville, 128–31, 314–15, 322 Tennyson, Alfred, 241, 242 Venus (Crothers), 74–75, 77 Thalberg, Irving, 97 Vicinus, Martha, 4, 6, 378 theater: as “haven” for homosexual- Vierick, George Sylvester, 280 ity, 11–14, 129, 306; queer attrac- Virginian, The (Kelly), 129 tions to, 11–12, 15, 29, 33, 39, 43–44, Viviene, Renée, 313 58, 63, 106–7, 110–12, 114, 128, 141, von Mendelssohn, Eleanora, 99 145–47, 149, 164, 168–69, 204, 222, Vorlicky, Robert, 4, 7 340–41, 344, 346 Voss, Ralph, 195, 201 404 Index

Wagner, Richard, 228, 291, 319 30, 32–41, 158, 195–96, 203, 290, 299, Wainscott, Ronald, 357 303, 304, 317, 342 Washington Square Players, 338 Wilder, Alec, 176 Watson, Steven, 272, 281 Williams, Tennessee, 197, 205, 214 Wave of Life, A (novel), 38 Wilson, Jack, 156 Weagly, William E., 132–34, 142 Wilson, James, 7–8, 15 Webster, Margaret, 375 Wind Chaff (novel), 87 Well of Loneliness, The (novel), 96 Winter, William, 33, 35, 222, 230 Welles, Orson, 365 woman-committed woman, 367, 371, Wertenbaker, Lael Tucker, 367, 368, 377, 380 370, 374, 376, 377, 380, 385 Wood, Thelma, 108, 113, 117, 120 Wertheim, Albert, 293 Woollcott, Alexander, 115, 349, What Is Theatre? (Bentley), 295 351 What Next! (de Acosta), 86 Woolley, Monty, 149, 150, 156, 159, Wheatcroft, Adelaide, 67 160, 161, 162 When Ladies Meet (Crothers), 55, 65, Worcester Academy, 148, 149 68, 70, 73, 74 Where’s Daddy? (Inge), 209–10, 215 Yale University, 149, 150, 151, 152, white marriage, 59. See also bearded 153, 164, 289, 302, 365, 369 marriage Yankelovich Partners, Inc., 145 Whitman, Walt, 95, 224–25, 228, 241, You’ll Never Know (Porter), 160 242, 243, 248, 294, 299 Young, Wilbur, 281 Wilde, Oscar, 14, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, Young Wisdom (Crothers), 72, 73