Vol. XVII No. 3 March, 1962 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN CREAT BRITAIN t FAIRPAX MANSIONS. FINCNLIV RD. (comer Falrlax Rd.). LondM. N.W.I 0//ic* and Consulting Hours : telephone: MAIda Vale 9096 7 (General Oflkce and Weltare tor the Aaedl Monday lo Thunday 10 ajn.—l pjn. 3—6 p.iii MAIda Vale 4449 (Em»leyinenl Agency, annually licensed by Ihe L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) friday 10 ajn.—l p.m.

capacity of 54 residents ; it is hoped that it will be ready in the autumn. Furthermore, a home ACTIVITIES REVIEWED for people who need a higher degree of care and attention is being erected on the site of Leo Baeck Report on AJR Board Meeting House. This Home, Osmond House, will provide accommodation for 37 persons, partly in wards, More than 70 Board members from London and problem. Persons suffering from mental difiicul­ partly in single and double rooms. Ihe building ^e Provinces were present at the annual AJR ties receive expert guidance during consulting work will be completed in the course of the Board Meeting held m London on January 28th. hours, especially arranged for them. The speaker summer. This home will be filled only gradually They were welcomed by the Chairman, Mr. H. paid tribute to Self-Aid, with which the AJR as staff becomes available. Reichmann, who presided. In his introductory Social Services Department is closely co-operating. !;ddress, Mr. Reichmann paid tribute to two Hon. The AJR Employment Agency (annually The waiting-list comprises several hundred Officers who had passed away. Dr. F. R. Bienen­ licensed by the L.C.C.) would appreciate it if applicants, of whom about 80-l(X) are particu­ feld, an Executive member since the AJR's still more employers availed themselves of its larly urgent As the capacity of Heinricn Stahl inception and one of the most prominent refugees services, especially when requiring part-time or House amounts to 54 persons, it will be '<"oni Austria, and Mr. E. Berent, Board Member home workers. The Employment Agency has necessary to scrutinise even this short list. The Of the AJR and Hon. Secretary of the Council of been successful in providing home help in cases waiting-list for Osmond House also exceeds the ^cws from Germany. He also recalled the of sickness. number of beds available. Nevertheless, the departure of two other personalities to whom our As in previous years, the AJR Club has establishment of the two new homes will, of community was indebted. Mr. Leonard G. Monte­ rendered essential services for many in our midst. course, considerably ease the present position. fiore who had always displayed particular under­ The premises at Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, are In view of the limited accommodation avail­ standing for the Jews from Germany, and Dr. open for informal gatherings in the aftemoons able, all things being equal, people with no or pnino Weil, New York, a courageous fighter for and evenings, and there are functions once a little income or capital have to be given priority. justice and liberty. month. The effect is that, so far, it has not been possible In his report on the general activities of the The Revolving Fund, initiated and administered to regard applicants as eligible if their current ^JR during the year under review, Mr. W. by the AJR, has granted loans of a total of pensions or capital assets are comparatively high. •^osenstock. General Secretary, stated that the £25,000 to compensation claimants at an average The speaker then dealt with the flatlet scheme *ide appreciation enjoyed by " AJR Information " of £100 per applicant Most of these loans have for elderly people. Last year, a project approved tjad become evident anew when, during the first been repaid meanwhile. The work of the by the Committee in charge did not come off °3ys of January, many members contacted the Revolving Fund has proved most beneficial. because the property was sold at a considerably ^ead Office because, owing to the general postal higher price while our negotiations were still i*'ay, they had not received the paper. gomg on. At present, several offers are under Ine news service has been expanded, but the Contributions under Covenant close consideration. It is, however, not yet pos­ Comparatively limited space at our disposal makes Turning to questions of finances the speaker sible to foretell the outcome. Mr. Dresel stressed * Well-balanced selection of honoe news and stated that, as far as can be seen before the that the Executive was well aware of the urgency ••sports on events in Germany and other countrics balance-sheet becomes available, the income and of the scheme and that everything possible would abroad particularly essential. As the AJR is not expenditure in 1961 appears to have been about be done to put it into effect. * political organisation, the paper only publishes the same as in 1960. The exact figures will be In a brief report on questions of restitution ^ditorial statements if questions of specific announced after the accounts have been audited. and compensation Mr. F. Goldschmidt (Chief ^'evance to the Jews from Germany and Austria An increase of the income is hoped for by pay­ Legal Adviser of U.R.O. and representative of the *'"s at stake. The number of German-Jewish ments under covenant to the AJR Charitable Council of Jews from Germany at the Legal Contributors to " AJR Information " is bound to Trust. From these payments and the taxes Committee of the Claims Conference) stated that ^screase in the course of time; therefore, the recovered for them that part of the AJR's activi­ the main legislative demands of the Jews from co-operation of authors outside our community ties is to be financed which is charitable in the Germany had been summed up in the article by *ill have to be enlisted to a greater extent meaning of fhe tax reeulations, e.g., the Social Dr. W. Breslauer published in the December 1961 Services Department and the work for thc Homes. issue of " AJR Information". He singled out The procedure is as follows : Of the annual con­ two demands as particularlv important: Pension Success in Taxation Question tribution paid by a member under this new scheme rights for widows whose husbands had died before A signal achievement of the AJR during the a nominal fee of £1 Is. is retained by the AJR November 1, 1953, and the elimination of the ^st year, the si>eaker went on. was the U.K. tax itself which is not charitable in the meaning of anomaly affecting the heirs of certain groups of '^emption for German indemnification annuities. the law, because it also safeguards the interests persecutees who had died prior to their emigra­ °t- many years the AJR had worked for the of its members and supplies them with " AJR tion. ^ttlement of this issue by rejjeated negotiations Information ". The other part of the contribution In the ensuing discussion the following Board J'h the authorities and by putting its case before is paid under Covenant to the AJR Charitable members spoke: Dr. H. Fleischhacker, Dr. E. ^embers of Parliament and other personalities Trust which is entitled to recover thc tax on it. Gould, Mr. Z. M. Reid, Rabbi Dr. M. Eschel­ ^ public standing. These labours have finally In this way a member may increase the value of bacher, Dr. W. Dux, Mr. J. Singer (Glaseow), "^•Te fruit bv the incorporation of the exemption his contribution by about two-thirds without any Mr. L. K. Sonnebom (Manchester), Mr. H. J. (/suse into the Finance Act 1961. Apart from additional cost to himself. Together witfi this Reifenberg. and Dr. P. Chapo. Two questions ^ importance of this regulation for those among year's reminders, all members will receive played a special part in the debate : the admission L *ho benefit from it. thc successful outcome Covenant forms with explanatory notes, and it is to the homes of applicants with assets, and the ^ju^lso proved anew the essential function of the hoped that all those who pay income tax at the implementation of the flatlet scheme. Several 'h • ^^ ^^^ representative body which safeguards standard rate will help to make the scheme a speakers pointed out that for many applicants e interests of our community. success. with means accommodation in hoarding-hou.ses ^'' *'ould be wrong to assume that the social The AJR Charitable Trust is also the appro­ could not be an altemative solution, because f-J^^of the AJR is only centred around the work priate instrument for receiving legacies. The there they could not always obtain the required Vic '"rx Homes. The activities of the Social Ser- AJR Executive attributes particular imoortance Continued on page 2, column 1 mid^ "Apartment for the benefit of those in our to this aspect of the Trust's functions. The funds (j^05t who are not accommodated in homes may from which the constructive schemes in operation •J, 'ess conspicuous, but is of equal importance, are financed are bound to be limited, and the OESTERREICHISCHER ABGELTUNGSFONDS ^^y practically cover all problems which concern need for looking after our people will go on for ac'-'" ^'^^ of our community. One of them is the a very long time to come. On the other hand, we rgiy^^^^odation problem. Many landladies are know that quite a few in our midst are not only WARTEN SIE NICHT I loflif'*''* to accept elderly tenants who are no willine but even anxious to provide for the less if f^-^ *ork'ng. It would be greatly appreciated fortunate members of our community. Et ist zu Ihrem Vorteit, wenn Sie die offe "''' °^ "'"'^^ came forward who have to A report on the homes was given by Mr. A. S. Anmeldung Ihrer Ansprueche on den no I ^°°^^ to such apolicants. Others, who can Dresel, Vice-Chairman of the AJR. The three Fonds zur Abgeltung von Vermoegens­ uo • "P^"" manaee for themselves, have to be put homes at present ooerating—Otto Schiff House verlusten politisch Verfolpter, J. m boardine-houses : here, one of the d'fficui- (Netherhall Gardens'!, Leo Baeck House (The Wien 1 1, Toborsfr 2-6 boarrt^'*" from the fact that several Continental P'ship's Avenue) and Otto Hirsch House (Priory rg{;J^"'"^'hoL>ses have closed down owin? to the Road, Kew)—with a total caoacity of 133 10 rasch wie moeglich vornehmen. Proh^'"*"' of their owners. Lastly, there is the res'dents. are fullv occupied. A fou'+h Old Age ftan'f^ of the so-called borderline cases which Home. He'nrich Stahl House Calso in Tb* Bishop's Einzelheiten sind ouf Seite 13 veroeffentllcht. •"I'tests itself not only as an accommodation Avenue) is under construction and will have a Page 2 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962

Dr. C. Kapralik gerichtshofes Anlass gegeben. Diese Schwieng- keitcn wurden nunmehr durch eine Aendenuig des § 17 aus dem Wege geraeumt, dessen OESTERREICfflSCHE SOZIALVERSICHERUNG Absatz (5) nunmehr lautet: "Personen, die 120 Beitragsmonate in «n«r Bedeutsame Aenderungen oder mehreren der in Abs. 1 genannten PeO' sions (Renten) versicherungen erworben haben, koennen das Recht auf Weiterversicheining I. Gewerbliches-Setbstaendigen Pensionsver- taetig waren, werden in der Lage sein, die jederzeit geltend machen oder eine beendete sicherungsgesetz (GSPVG) Erfuellung der Wartezeit im Wege von Ersatz­ zeiten nachzuweisen. In manchen Faellen kaim Weiterversicherung erneuern ". An dieser Stelle berichteten wir in der Ausgabe sich die Notwendigkeit einer freiwilligen Weiter- Wie aus Obigem ersichtlich, koennen Personen, vom Januar, I960, ueber das obige Gesetz. Die versicherung ergeben, xmi die fuer die Wartezeit die 120 Beitragsmonate erworben haben, das Bestimmungen und die Bedeutung dieses Gesetzes notwendige Zahl von Versicherungsmonaten zu Recht auf Weiterversicherung jederzeit emeuern. sind jedoch noch immer verhaeltnismaessig erreichen. Diesbezueglich sei auf § 5(5) der Die Ruhensbeslimmungen des § 94, Abs. (ll- wenig bekannt, sodass es zweckmaessig erscheint, juengst erlassenen 5. Novelle zum GSPVG wurden geaendert und teilweises Ruhen der das Wesentlichste hervorzuheben. (BGBl. Nr. 14 vom 11, Jaenner, 1962) verwiesen, Pension wird ab 1. Jaenner 1962 nicht nur bei Das Gesctz hat ein die Sozialversicherung der der lautet: einer gleichzeitig ausgeuebten unselbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit eintreten, sondem auch wenn AngesteUten ergaenzendes, umfassendes System " Personen.die 120 Beitragsmonate in einer der Sozialversicherung selbstaendig Erwerbstae­ der Berechtigte selbstaendig erwerbstaetig ist oder mehreren der im Abs. 1 genannten Diese von der Sozialistischen Partei verfochtene tiger geschaffen. Es stellt eine beachtliche Pensionsversicherungen erworben haben, Weiterentwicklung der oesterreichischen Sozial- Aenderung soil die Ungleichheit in der Behand- koennen das Recht auf Weiterversicherung lung der unselbstaendig und selbstaendig Erwerbs­ versicherimg dar, da ja bekanntlich bis zu dessen jederzeit geltend machen oder cine beendete Erlassung selbstaendig Erwerbstaetige nicht der taetigen beseitigen. Weiterversicherung erneuern." Der neugefasste § 502, Abs. (1), letzter Satz, Vorteile der Sozialversicherung teilbaft werden In unseren frueheren Ausfuehrungen verwiesen konnten. verfuegt, dass amtlich bestaetigte Zeiten aes wir darauf, dass gemaess den Beslimmungen Militaerdiensies in der bewaffneten Macht einer Unter die Bestimmimgen des Gesetzes fallen des § 37 des Gesetzes die Leisttmgsansprueche selbstaendige Kaufleute, Industrielle, Gewer- der alliierten Armeen in der Zeit vom 26. August zu ruhen hatten so lange der Anspruchsberechtigte 1939, bis zum 9. Mai, 1945, als voile Ersatzzeiten betreibende, Wirtschafistreuhaender, Oentisten, sich im Auslande aufhaelt. Die Sozialver- freiberuflich taetige Journalisten und Kuenstler. zu gelten haben. Es wird empfohlen, o^*' sicherungsexperten des Committee for Jewish entsprechende Antraege, die zu einer gewissen Das Gesetz sieht u.a. vor: (a) Renten fuer den Claims on Austria haben in Verhandlungen mit Fall dcr Erwer.bsunfaehigkeit; (b) Altersrenten Aufbesserung der Pension fuehren werden, v(>n der oesterreichischen Bundesregierung gegen den den Betreffenden bei der Pensionsanstalt gestein bei Erreichung des 65. Lebensjahres (bci Frauen diskriminierenden Charakter dieser Bestimmimg, des 60. Lebensjahres) sofcrne der Versicherte die werden. die sich zum Nachteil derjenigen auswirkte, die Der bisherige Wortlaut des § 503 enthaelt eine im Gesetz vorgeschriebene Wartezeit erfuellt hat Oestcrreich unter dem Nazi-Terror verlassen und nicht mehr selbstaendig erwerbstactig ist. Sonderbestimmung fuer Personen, die zwar i" mussten, nachdruecklichst Einspruch erhoben. Oesterreich sesshaft und als AngesteUte taetig Fuer die Emigration ist vor allem von Es ist erfreulich, dass die&e Schwierigkeit Bedeutung, dass die Wartezeit auf Altersrente waren, jedoch nicht oesterreichische Staatsbuerger ueberwunden werden konnte. Im Sinne der von waren. Diese Personen konnten die Pension i" erfuellt ist, wenn am Stichtag mindestens 180 der oesterreichischen Bundesregiexung gegebenen Versicherungsmonate vorliegen; diese Ver­ das Ausland nur dann ueberwiesen erhalten, '^^^ Zusicherungen hat nunmehr das oesterreichische sie zumindest 180 Beitragsmonate vor inf^r sicherungsmonate muessen innerhalb der letzten Parlament in der oben zitierten 5. Novelle zum 240 Kalendermonate vor dem Stichtag liegen. Als Auswanderung aufweisen konnten. Der nfH^^! GSPVG den § 37 des Gesetzes dahin abgeaen­ fasste § 503 hat diese Einschraenkung eliminien Stichtag gilt der Tag der Antragstellung auf dert dass ein Ruhen der Rentenansprueche Zuerkennung der Altersrente ; die Antragstellung und der betreffende Personenkreis wird nunmenr nicht eintritt, wenn der Berechtigte in der Zeit in jeder Hinsicht so behandelt werden, als on kann erst bei Erreichung der Altersgrcnzc und vom 4. Maerz, 1933, bis 9. Mai, 1945, aus Aufgabe der selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit sie oesterreichische Staatsbuerger gewesen w*^I*°' politischen oder religioesen Gruenden oder aus In diesem Zusammenhang sei bemerkt, das erfolgen. Als Versicherungsmonat gilt jeder Gruenden der Abstammung ausgewandert ist Monat einer Beitrags-oder Ersatzzeit. die Frist fuer Antraege auf beguensugte Diese Bestimmung ist gemaess Artikel IV(2) (a) Anrechnung der Emigrationszeit neu eroeffnet Fuer die Naziopfer sind femer von besonderer rueckwirkend ab 1. Juli, 1958. Bedeutung die Bestimmungen des § 62(1) des wurde; Antraege auf Beguenstigung nacn GSPVG in der Fassung der Novellc vom Maerz Die Pensionsversicherungsanstalt der Gewerb­ den §§ 501 und 502 koennen nunmehr bis zum 1959, wonach als Ersatzzeiten, fuer die demnach lichen Wirtschaft hatte sich auf den Standpunkt 31. Dezember, 1962, gestellt werden. keinerlei Beitraege geleistet werden muessen, gestellt dass sie nur die Minimalpensionen Es sei schliesslich noch auf den novellierten insbesoodere gelten: zahlen koenne, soweit nicht das tatsaechliche § 542 verwiesen, dessen Absatz 1 nunmenr (a) nach Vollendung des 24, Lebensjahres im Einkommen der Vorkriegsjahre durch Steuer- lauten wird: vorschreibungen nachgewiesen wird. Da die Gebiete der Republik Oesterreich zurueckgelegte "Weibliche Versicherte, denen in der Zeiten einer selbstaendigen Erwerbstactigkeit, die Wenigsten im Besitze solcher Steuervorschrei- Rentenversichening aus Anlass der Verheiratung bei frueherem Wirksamkeitsbeginn dieses Bundes­ bungen waren, und ueberdies die meisten Beitraege erstattet worden sind und die aus gesetzes die Pflichtversicherung in der Pensions- Steuerakte vernichtet worden sind, ergaben sich einem der in § 500, Abs. 1, angefuehrten versicherung nach diesem Bundesgesetz begmen- dadurch Schwierigkeiten in der Frage der Gruende binnen 18 Monaten nach Stellung des det haette ; Bemessung der Pensionen. Der Standpunkt der Antrages auf Erstattung der Btitraege aus­ (b) Zeiten vor dem 1, April, 1959, in denen Pensionsversicherungsanstalt wurde von der gewandert sind, koennen bis zum 31. Dezemberi dcr Versicherte aus politischen oder religioesen URO erfolgreich bekaempft; in einer Reihe 1962, durch zinsenlose Rueckzahlung des Gruenden oder aus Gruenden der Abstammung, von Faellen sind bereits Urteile des Schieds- sechsfachen Erstattungsbetrages die durch die asch wegen Auswanderung aus den angefuehrten gerichtes ergangen, die in Anerkennung des erstatteten Beitraege seinerzeit erworbenen Gruenden, daran gehindert war, seine selb- Beweisnotszustandes, in dem sich die betreffenden Anwartschaften zuraeckerwerben. Teilzan- staendiee Erwerbstaetigkeit im Siime des Punktes Personen befinden, andere Beweisgrundlagen, lungen sind nach Massgabe des §502, Abs. A (a) fortzusetzen ; z.B. Zeugenaussagen, aLs zulaessig anerkannt zweiter und dritter Satz, zu bewilligen". (c) Zeiten, in denen der Versicherte ira haben. Wir bitten alle unsere Leser ihre oe*'*'^' Zeitraum von 1. Jaenner, 1939, bis 9. Mai, 1945, Es wird daher dringend empfohlen, dass. reichischen Freunde auf den Inhalt dieses durch behoerdliche Massnahmen an der Ausue­ (a) alle Emigranten, die noch nicht um die Artikels aufmerksam zu machen. Es ist wichtig. bung seiner selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit Zuerkennung der Pension eingekommen sind, dass insbesondere die neu eroeffnete Frist fuer gehindert war. nunmehr unverzueglich einen entsprechenden Antraege auf Beguenstigung der Emigrationszeii Die meisten Naziopfer, die selbstaendig erwerbs- Antrag an die Pensionsversicherungsanstalt der nicht versaeumt wird und dass Emigranten aus Gewerblichen Wirtschaft, Wien IX., Berggasse 16, Oesterreich von den ihnen durch die Novellierung ACTIVITIES REVIEWED richten ; des GSPVG und des ASVG gegebenen Moeg­ (Continued from page 1) (b) alle diejenigen, denen bcreits eine Pension lichkeiten Gebrauch machen. degree of attendance. Mr. Dresel, in his reply, zuerkannt worden ist, um sofortige Ueberweisung stated that as long as people in urgent need of der Pension rueckwirkend ab 1. Juli, 1958, auf care and attention without means were not accom­ ein bei einer oesterreichischen Bank von ihnen zu modated, others would have to wait. Whether eroeffnendes Konto ansuchen. Ueberweisungen Gorta Radiovision and to what extent the position might change von solchen Konti ins Ausland werden ohne could not be foretold at this juncture. In answer weiteres von der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank Service bewilligt. lo questions concerning the flatlet scheme Mr. (Member R.T.R.A.) Dresel stated that most of the potential residents had relatives and friends in or near the North II. Allgemeines SozialTersichemngsgesetz (ASVG) 13, Frognal Parade, Westem area and wished to remain in contact with them. Therefore, the search for a property Am 11. Jaenner, 1962, ist die 9. Novelle zum Finchley Road, N.WJ had so far been concentrated in these districts. ASVG in Kraft getreten (BGBl. 13 vom 11. SALES REPAIRS However, if it should tum out that all efforts Jaenner, 1962). Es sei im Folgenden auf die failed it would become necessary to look for sites fuer die Emigration wichtigsten Bestimmungen All Leading Makes Supplied further afield. dieser Novelle hingewiesen: Refrigerators, Washing-Macbines Stocked After the conclusion of the debate. Dr. E. G. Die bisherige Regelung der Frage der Mr. Gort will always be pleased to Lowenthal (London/Frankfurt) gave a vivid report freiwilligen Weiterversicherung hat zu Zweifeln advise you. on his recent joumey to South Africa, New Zea­ und einer vor ca. einem Jahr erflossenen (HAM. 8635) land, Australia and several Asian countries. unguenstigen Entscheidung de; Verwaltungs- 1962 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 Page 3 TRIBUTE TO KURT ALEXANDER COMPENSATION mirs AUSTRIAN PROPERTY RESTORATION It is learned with deepest regret that Dr. also enhanced the reputation of the AJR as a FUND Kurt Alexander suddenly passed away in New trustworthy and reliable body—an achievement from which we are still reaping tbe benefits. For some reason it is widely thought that York on February 18 at the age of 69. He payments by the Property Restoration Fund arc fell dead in the middle of an address he gave Towards the end of the war, the connections limited to S.20,000. This is a mistake, as the ^ a Memorial Meeting for the late Dr. with our corresponding organisations in Israel amount distributable per case will depend on the Frederick Aron. (then Palestine) and the United States resulted in number of claims submitted. The payments the establishment of the Council of Jews from may, subject to thc extent of the admissibility Among the numerous causes with which Germany, with Dr. I.eo Baeck as its first Presi­ of individual claims, quite considerably exceed Kurt Alexander was associated in prominent dent and Kurt Alexander as its Secretary. Shortly the sum of S.20,000. positions during a full and active life, the afterwards, the first legislative deliberations in the AJR has a special place, and the history of field of restitution began to take shape. They It is, however, in the interest of all concerned were closely linked up with the question of pro­ to lodge claims without delay. So far, sur­ our organisation is inseparably linked with his viding legal aid in this complicated matter for prisingly few claims have been received from name. those who could not afford the professional persons residing in tbe United Kingdom. His part m the development of the AJR n^ay be divided into three phases: He was a HOECHSTRENTEN FUER BERUFSSCHADEN founder member in 1941, he worked as the General Secretary from 1943 until he Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts [e-emigrated to the U.S.A. in 1949, and he helped to establish to two oflfshoots of the Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat in einem ^R, the Council of Jews from Germany and Urteil vom 13.12.1961 den § 22a der 3. Durch­ 'ne United Restitution Office. fuehrungsverordnung zum BEG in der Fassung vom 25.2.1960, soweit der Rentenbeginn der It was early in 1941, after most of our people nad been released from the intemment camps, Hoechstrenten fuer Berufsschaden (630.-DM.) auf "lat nine men who had held leading positions of den 1.4.1959 festgesetzt worden war, fuer ver­ one kind or another in Jewish life in Germany fassungswidrig und damit nichtig erklaert. Nach started the preparatory work for the creation of dem Urteil sind die monatlichen Hoechstbetraege ^representative body of the Jewish refugees from der Renten in Hoehe von 630.-DM. bereiu vom Germany. One of them was Kurt Alexander, who 1.4.1957 an statt erst vom 1.4.1959 an zu zahlen. had been a member of the Presidium of the Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgericbts hat in Reichsvertretung and a Vice-Chairman of the der Praxis die Wirkung, dass monatlich je DM. 30, J-entral-Verein. Like the other initiators, he fuer die Dauer von 2 Jahren, naemlich vom °ecame a member of the Executive after the pre­ parations had resulted in the foundation of the 1.4.1957 bis 31. Maerz 1959, also insgesamt AJR. DM. 720,—, nachgezahlt werden muessen, voraus­ gesetzt dass Renten fuer die Zeit ab 1.4.1957 in . Yet his chief impact on the AJR began when, services of private lawyers. Alexander conducted Bescheiden oder Urteilen bewilligt worden sind. JS 1943, he agreed to become the Association's many of the difficult negotiations which ultimately Fuer Witwenrenten ermaessigt sich der nach- J^eneral Secretary. During the preceding first led to the foundation of the United Restitution zuzahlende Betrag fuer 24 Monate auf DM. 432,—. 1*0 years of our existence, the internal organisa- Office, then financially sponsored by the Central j'on had been gradually consolidated : thanks to British Fund, the American Joint and the Jewish Die Urteilsformel ist im Bundesgesetzblatt noch the solidarity of the Jews from Germany wide Agency. He was appointed Secretary of U.R.O. nicbt abgedruckt und damit noch nicht Gesetz sections of the community had become its mem- which, in the course of the years, has become one geworden. Sobald dies geschieht, haben sich ^rs. Now a stage had been reached where we of the biggest legal aid societies in human history. Behoerden und Gerichte in den schwebenden n*d to intensify our extemal activities. Officials, Some time after his re-emigration he resumed his Verfahren nach dem Urteil des Bundesver­ parliamentarians, other personalities of public activities for U.R.O. and took up an executive fassungsgerichts zu richten. standing, and the Press had to be made aware of position with the New York Office; in this In den abgeschlossenen Verfahren wird die our special problems as "enemy aliens" and of capacity he worked for his fellow-Jews up to the Zahlung der Differenzbetraege von amtswegen our post-war hopes. It was in thc first place Kurt end of his life. geschehen. Alexander who built up or strengthened these ^ontacts and who thus helped to pave the way for Kurt Alexander's outlook had been shaped by ™e permanent settlement in this country of the his association with the K.C. students' fraternity "ZUM WIEDERGUTMACHUNGS. [erugees, many of whom had originally been and with the C.V. Thus his Jewishness was SCHLUSSGESETZ » *oniitted as transmigrants. By his spadework he coupled with an unfaltering love for his country of birth. The wounds inflicted on German Jewry Infolge eines bedauerUchen drucktechnischeo were therefore felt by him particularly deeply. Versehens sind in der vorigen Ausgabe bei der For his work in the interest of the AJR he was Wiedergabe des Artikels von Dr. Robert Herrmann equipped with all the qualities one could wish for. im letzten Absatz einige Worte ausgefallen. Wir He had a sound political instinct and was an bitten, dies zu entschuldigen und veroeffentlichen adaptable and effective negotiator. He saw the im folgenden den vollen Wortlaut des Schluss- Ackermans difficulties—and there was certainly no shortage absatzes in seiner richtigen Fassung: of them—in their proper perspective, and he "Selbst wenn alle vorstehend angefuehrten gathered strength and confidence from the know­ Maengel des Gesetzes beseitigt werden, was ich ledge that ultimately there would be a solution in hoffen will, so wird noch immer nicht gesagt one way or another. As a most impressive and werden koennen, dass das BEG die Schaeden, Chocolates convincing speaker he always found the right word welche den deutschsprachigen Juden aus Mittel- for the occasion and won many for our cause. De Luxe europa im Zuge der Naziverfolgung zugefuegt His former colleagues on the AJR Executive wurden, mit vollen Haenden gutgemacht hat. •N BEAUTIFULLY and his fellow-workers at Fairfax Mansions have Doch waeren dadurch viele Haerten beseitigt, die also sustained a great personal loss. He was a nach dem gegenwaertigen Stand der Dinge in DESIGNED lovable personality. His innate optimism created jedem einzelnen Betroffenen ein berechtigtes PRESENTATION an atmosphere of cheerfulness and comradeship Gefuehl der Bitterkeit ausloesen und die den schon aus der Praeambel des Gesetzes hervorleuchtenden BOXES which endeared him to those who worked with or under him. There was even a streak of boyish­ loeblichen Gmndgedanken des Wiedergut- ness in him that enjoyed a joke or an ironical machungswerkes ueberffuessigerweise beschatten." MARZIPAN remark on the weak spot of a fellow-man. He had the gift of treating as equals those who were CLAIMS OF NATIONAL PERSECUTEES SPEaAUTIES junior or subordinate to him. He remained young in spirit up to the end, as we realised anew when he paid his last visit to London a Deadline March 31, 19<2 few months ago. BAUmUCHEN As reported in November, 1960. and June, 1961, One of thc foremost architects of our organisa­ an agreement has been concluded between the «, KENSINGTON CHURCH STH tion has left us. We have lost a comrade in United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees LONDON, W.8 work and a trusted friend. In our sorrow we feel and the Federal German Government according united with his brave wife and helpmate. WES. 4359 and to which refugees who were persecuted by reason of their nationality (" Nationalverfolgte", BEG 9, GOLDHURSr TERRACE, WERNER ROSENSTOCK. Par. 167/8) may, under certain circumstances, claim further compensation or apply for grants. FINCHLEY ROAD, N.WJ (As the news of Mr. Alexander's death reached MAI 2742 The time limit for these applications, originally us when this issue was going to print, further fixed at December 31, 1961, has been extended to tributes will be published in the next edition.—Ed.) March 31, 1962. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 THE GERMAN SCENE PROSECUTION OF NAZI CRIMINALS NEW RIGHT-WING PARTY PROTESTANTS DISCUSS JEWISH Official Statistics A Right-wing radicalist party has been formed QUESTION in Hagen by more than 300 former members of On the 20th anniversary of the so-called The Federal Ministry of Justice has published the German Reich Party, who left the party in Wannsee Conference at which the " Final a booklet on the prosecution of Nazi criminals. protest against the election of Adolf von Thadden Solution " of the Jewish question was decided by The report reveals that Allied courts in Germany as new Federal Chairman in succession to the Nazi leaders, the Cvangelische Akademie convicted 5,025 Nazis, 806 of whom were sen­ Professor Kunstmann. The new party is known Berlin held its annual conference on Christian- tenced to death. The West German authorities as the German Freedom Party, with Professor Jewish relationship in its Haus am Kleinen up to March, 1961, conducted proceedings against Kunstmann as Chairman. Wannsee. The terrible happenings of the past 12,715 persons. Of this number, about 10,000 Professor Kunstmann has claimed that the new were thus symbolically linked up with the efforts were tried, 5.372 sentenced, and 4,011 acquitted. party is not a rallying point for former S.S. to overcome their aftermath. Eight speakers The proceedings against the remainder were generals and Nazi elements. Its chief aim, he dealt with the subject from the historical, theolo­ stopped for various reasons, including amnesty stated, was " a free Germany in a free world". gical and political angle. One of them, regulations and the statute of limitations. It is However, it is expected that the German Freedom Oberstaatsanwalt Schuele, Head of the Zentral­ estimated that the number of Nazi criminals who Party will steer a more radical course than the stelle zyur Aufklaerung on NS-Verbrechen in escaped abroad "probably did not exceed 150". German Reich Party. Many of its members felt Ludwigsburg, mentioned that about 950 pro­ Explaining why only a small number of Nazi that von Thadden was " too moderate" and ceedings against former Nazi criminals had still criminals were tried between 1953 and 1958 (when tended to co-operate with less radical forces in to be conducted. the Central Agency for the Investigation of Nazi Germany.—(J.C.) Crimes was established at Ludwigsburg), the Ministry said that by 1953 a very large number " ZENTRALRAT" WARNS OF NEO-NAZI GERMAN CITY HONOURS VICTIMS' of cases had been decided, with more than 9,000 MEMORY PRESS Germans sentenced by German and Allied courts. At its Conference in Munich, the "Zentralrat Many Nazi criminals had died in the meantime. The German city of Oberhausen has decided to der Juden in Deutschland " expressed anxiety at Many were living under assumed names. When, mark its centenary this year by establishing the steadily growing number of neo-Nazi periodi­ in 1956, the Soviet Union released several thousand scholarships for IsraeU orphans. The city's cals. These publications tended to minimise the German prisoners of war, proceedings were started council will aiso publish a memorial book to crimes of the Nazi regime, to belittle the Jewish against many of them, including the supervisors of honour the memory of "our former Jewish losses and to discredit the Jewish community in Sachsenhausen and other concentration camps. citizens, victims of Nazi persecution, whose tragic a shameless manner. They also had a calamat- fate fills us with deep shame and mounting ". ous effect on the German youth which had no In 1958 the investigation of Nazi crimes was Invitations have been sent to former residents experience in the Nazi brutalities. Their habit of finally co-ordinated by the Central Agency at of the town living in Israel to visit their home referring to reliable and trustworthy dailies as Ludwigsburg and resulted in proceedings against town for the centenary celebrations. " Lizenzpresse" was reminiscent of the Nazi a large number of suspects. The Oberhausen municipality will also partici­ method of describing the Weimar period as pate in planting a forest in Israel in honour of " Sys'.emzeit". By their actions, the efforts of HIMMLER'S ADJUTANT ARRESTED Dean Heinrich Grueber.—(J.C.) genuine German democrats to restore Germany's reputation were jeopardised. In the same way, The Munich prosecutor has opened investiga­ ASYLUM FOR ZIND the activities of Jewish organisations in Germany tions against the former S.S.-Obergruppenfuehrer in the interest of peace and understanding were Karl Wolff, who is suspected of having been an Italian Court Refuses Extradition affected. accessory to the murder of Jews in occupied The Court of Cassation, the highest judicial in Eastern territories. Wolff was arrested by order Italy, has made public the text of the verdict of the Weilheim Law Court. He became known refusing the request of the Bonn Ministry of ERICH LUETH 60 during the last months of the war, when, behind Justice for the extradition to Germany of Ludwig Erich Lueth, the initiator of the "Peace with the back of Himmler, he negotiated with the Zind, the neo-Nazi schoolmaster. Allies about the capitulation of German forces It will be remembered that Zind was sentenced Israel " movement in Germany, recently celebrated his 60th birthday in Hamburg. He was one of in Italy. The negotiations, carried out by him m to a year's imprisonment by a German court, the first Germans who tried to impress on his Switzerland as " authorised general " of the Ger­ after he and some German students openly praised fellow-Germans the moral duty of trying to atone man army, "had no result. From 1936 to Nazi antisemitism. Zind escaped abroad and, in for the happenings under the Nazi regime. His 1943, Wolff was Chief of Staff and for some time August, I960, four Israeli sailors in Naples recog­ share in the efforts to "overcome the past" is adjutant to S.S. leader Himmler. In 1949 the nised him. He was arrested Vienna provincial court has released the decision, which accords political protection to Juden in Deutschland, Dr. H. G. van Dam, in Alfred Josef Slavik, a former collaborator with a Nazi already condemned by a German court.]— recognition of his work for the reconstruction of Eichmann, and has dropped charges against him (J.C.) Jewish life in Germany and for inter-denomi­ as a murder suspect. national understanding. DESECRATION OF CEMETERY Slavik. arrested last June, was alleged to have At the Jewish cemetery of Barsinghausen near helped Eichmann murder a Jewish boy in Buda­ Hanover, 23 tombstones were turned over and ANTISEMITIC BOOK CONFISCATED pest during the war. Eichmann was acquitted on some of them destroyed. Police investigations The Munich court has ordered the confiscation the charge of murdering the boy.—Dream and Reality", not yet been found. written by an Austrian, Dr. F. J. Scheidl, of "EINSATZKOMMANDO" TRIAL Vienna. The book has been on sale throughout Germany and claims to give an assessment of the Appeals Lodged 'Tout Hout* for:— Middle East situation. The court held that numerous anti-Jewish and anti-Israel passages in The prosecutor as well as defence counsel of CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO the book violated the German law against incite­ Erich Ehrlinger, head of Einsatzkommando lb. UPHOLSTERY ment and the spread of racial and national have lodged appeals against the judgment of the hatred.—(J.C.) Karlsruhe Court. As reported in our previous iPlCIALITY issue, Ehrlinger and two of his henchmen had been found guilty and four other defendants were NEW PASSION PLAY acquitted. CONTINENTAL DOWN Herr Raimund Lang, Mayor of Oberammergau, has announced that the text of the Oberammer­ DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST JUDGE QUILTS! gau Passion Play, which has been attacked for its strong anti-Jewish tendencies, is to be rewritten An Appeal by Senatspraesident Michaelis of the ALSO ll-MAKtS AND kl COVICS and " brought up to modem standards ". Landessozialgericht in Schleswig was rejec'ed by The Passion Play is performed once every ten the Supreme Disciplinary Court for Lower Saxony tSTIMATlS fktl years, and is witnessed by thousands of visitors and Schleswig-Holstein. The Lower Disciolinary to Germany. It was last performed in 1960. The Court in Scheslwig had sentenced Michaelis to > DAWSON-LANE LIMITED play has been revised and rewritten six times in reduction of his salary by ten per cent for \7, BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK its 330-year-old history, and was last revised 100 two years, because, in soite of trials by * Talephona: ARN. 6671 years ago. The local organisers, answering fellow-jud?e, he had failed to clarify the f*immmt attaiMioA tH Mr. W. Sch«chiii«nn criticism of the play's anti-Jewish sentiments, identity of the former euthanasia Professor Dr- claim that it is based purely on religious motifs Heyde who worked in Schleswig-Holstein under and has nothing to do with antisemitism.—Synagogue Bill has so far been blocked by a number of from Tempelhof, led by its Burgomaster, should at its meeting recently, described the controversy back-benchers. Its passage could be assured come to Hendon in June or July, in return for a which has arisen from the Chief Rabbi's refusal only if the Govemment grants special facilities visit paid by Hendon Council members and to sanction the appointment of Rabbi Dr. Louis for it. officials last September, and that a party of Jacobs as Principal of Jews' College, as " the An appeal to the Government to step in and German young people should be welcomed here most serious crisis in Anglo-Jewry for over a help Mr. Brockway has been made by several in the summer. quarter of a century ". M.P.s. Mr. Macleod, Leader of the House, Several Councillors expressed dissatisfaction The President told the Council that he was thought it was a dangerous practice to give special with the position, saying that even though the precedence to Private Members' Bills. He also worried lest, if the Chief Rabbi should issue a link has been officially forged, it should now be final veto, the prestige of the Chief Rabbinate wought that these matters were appallingly abandoned in deference to the Jewish ratepayers. difficult to deal with by legislation, as many will suffer. " My hope is that he will not The recommendation to invite a party from Tem­ exercise his veto ", the President stated. countries had found. pelhof was. however, carried. The Dayanim of the London Beth Din, in a WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS CONFERENCE statement issued to The Jewish Chronicle, took APPEAL TO JOIN C.N.D. Mr. Montagu to task for the views he expressed. Resolutions on Gennany and Soviet Russia Those views, the Dayanim stated, were " ca culated The bi-annual conference of the British Section The Rev. Saul Amias, co-Chairman of the to undermine the authority and foundations of the of the World Jewish Congress passed a resolution Jewish Group in the Campaign for Nuclear Dis­ Court of the Chief Rabbi" and to " damage the declaring " fundamental opposition to the supply armament, spoke on " The Jew and Disarma­ unity of Anglo-Jewry ". They gave what is pur­ 01 nuclear weapons to Germany under any ment " at the Southgate and District Liberal ported to be the Chief Rabbi's " particular reason " conditions". Synagogue recently. It was important, he said, why Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs was not considered Another resolution, carried almost unanimously, that religious groups should have a positive suitable for the post of Principal of Jews' College. expressed strong protests against the training of opinion on this matter. The Jews, who were He is accused of rejecting the doctrine that the ^erinan troops (including former Nazi officers) on always first at the receiving end of man's whole Torah was Divinely inspired, and of a °ntish soil. GBjections to the resolution were inhumanity to man, must be among the first compromising attitude to Biblical criticism. raised by Dr. F. E. Falk (Theodor Herzl Society). who are determined to preserve the dignity of As a victim of Nazi persecution. Dr. Falk said, man, he said. Mr. Montagu called the Dayanim's pronounce­ he had every right to be emotional on the question ment " deplorable " and accused them of making involved. However, he felt that the effectiveness the "appalling burden" of the Chief Rabbi's BRIGADIER D'AVIGDOR-GOLDSMID office so much heavier.—(J.C.) ot any resolution passed did not depend on its PROMOTED emotional content but upon whether the resolu­ tion expressed a view which impressed itself A War Office announcement states that Brigadier Board's Horror at Vilna Death Sentences upon public opinion in Britain and in the world. James A. d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, at present Deputy A resolution on Soviet Russia which was Commander, Aldershot District, is to be appointed Members of the Board of Deputies expressed unanimously adopted appealed to the leaders of Director, Royal Armoured Corps, next October, their horror at the death sentences on four Vilna •he Soviet Union to remove all disabilities from with the rank of Major-General. See The Jews (including one woman) for alleged currency Jewish religious^ and communal life and urged Jewish Chronicle, February 16, page 39. offences. The President, Sir Bamett Janner, M.P., Inat Jews be given the opportunity, if they so appealed to the Russian authorities for the psire, to rejoin their families and fellow-Jews in " remission of capital sentences and for a reversal MARRIAGE AND SEX IN RELIGION generally of their present harsh and discrimina­ tory measures against Jews ". , By a majority resolution, the conference At a meeting of the London Society of oeplored the Commonwealth Immigration Bill. Christians and Jews, the Jewish and Christian .which would be widely regarded as discrimina­ attitudes towards marriage and divorce were Jewish Music Month tion based on race and colour prejudice ". discussed. Jewish Music Month began on January 20th. C.B.F. GRANTS Mrs. Rose Hacker, of the L.C.C.. said that rabbinical and Talmudic literature showed that Liturgical and classical concerts for youth were The Allocations Committee of the Central the loving atmosphere created in the home, rather among the items included. The Month opened oritish Fund granted over £80,000 to organisa- than the physical conditions, was of the greatest with a concert of Jewish folk-music at the Wig­ ?ons and institutions in 1961. The committee is importance for the well-being of a family. The more Hall. Lectures were given on "The Jewidi 1° charge of distributing part of the funds Rev. Dr. A. R. Winnett Vicar of Grayshott and Influence in Music" and on "The Origin of i,f"=overed by the Jewish Tmst Corporation out Canon of Guildford, stated that a great change Jewish Music". the heirless, unclaimed and communal Jewish had taken place in Christian thought in modem K°Perty in the former British Zone of Germany, times conceming marriage. He referred to the Epstein Head anrf Y'sirman is Sir Henry d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, more positive and realistic approach towards sex no there are, in addition, four representatives and marriage and the educational work being A bronze head of Sir Jacob Epstein, believed °] the C.B.F., three of the AJR and one each done by all sections of the Christian Church in to be the only one of the sculptor with the excep­ "r hve other organisations. the field of personal relations and preparation for tion of his self-portrait, realised 200 guineas at As readers are aware, part of these funds are marriage. the 16th Blue and White Ball of the Jewish OlH A"'^ *^^ erection and ranning costs of the National Fund. ii-d Age Homes (jointly administered with the ISRAELI STUDENTS Pianist for Moscow ..Grants include an amount of £22,000 to Self- In accordance with a new policy adopted by ^Jd of Refugees : £10,000 for the Jewish Blind the Executive of the Association of Israeli Allan Schiller, the young Leeds pianist who, in ^ociety towards its work for blind refugees; Students in Britain and Eire to improve thc 1954, made headlines with his performances at j*°out £10,000 for sending parcels to needy Jews relationship between the students and the Anglo- the age of eleven, has accepted an invitation to ^. various parts of the worid; £5,100 to the Jewish community, a number of Israeli students become a student at the Moscow Conservatoire. yJpoer Library and grants for various religious, have visited the Hampstead Synagogue. A series The 18-year-old pianist has already begun his £2 Iftn ^"'^ cultural purposes. An amount of of " At Homes " is also planned, at which Israeli two-year stay in Moscow. cost » ^^^ ^''° Siven to the AJR towards the students will spend evenings at the homes of sts for the promotion of its social programme. Anglo-Jewish familes. Photographer David Kossoff David Kossoff, a keen photographer, was thc guest speaker at the inaugural meeting of the Anglo-Israel Photographic Society. Mr. Kossoff Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. has also become a member of the Society. Council of Christians and Jews Bankers Representatives of many Jewish and Christian BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 congregations in Finchley, and an audience of over 200, were present at the inaugural meeting of the Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Finchley Council of Christians and Jews. The Repremtinf: Mayor of Finchley, who presided, emphasised the necessity for starting a local council to I. L FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION eliminate anti-Jewish or anti-Christian feeling. He TEL AVrV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 60 EAST 42nJ ST.. NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. preferred to see the council set up in a friendly and non-partisan atmosphere and not under the pressure of regrettable events, he said. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962

FROM THE AMERICAN SCENE NEWS FROM ABROAD Complaint against Aramco The New York State Commission Against APPEAL AGAINST O.A.S. ANTISEMITISM IN ITALY Discrimination (Scad) has conducted public hearings on a complaint by the American Jewish Jewish organisations in Paris responded to an The President and Vice-President of the Union Congress that the Arabian-American Oil Co. appeal by the League of Human Rights to oppose of Italian Jewish Communities had an audience (Aramco) violates the New York State Law the O.A.S. Thc President of the League asked with the Minister of Justice in Rome, and against discrimination. all Frenchmen to consider themselves " mobilised requested adequate legislation for the protection The A.J.C. complained that Aramco questions for the defence of justice, human rights, and of minorities. This follows a number of anti­ prospective employees to determine whether they democracy", and called for determined opposi­ semitic incidents in Italy. are Jews, and refuses to hire Jews either for tion to the " criminal actions of the O.A.S., its The Minister expressed his sympathy and employment in Saudi Arabia or in New York agents and accomplices". and promised to consider the matter at the City. earliest opportunity. M. Christian Pineau, a former Foreign Recently two young men distributed anti­ Discrimination by Clubs Minister, in an article headed " O.A.S. Means semitic leaflets in Brescia, a town in Northern Fascism ", warns that the leaders of O.A.S. intend Italy, describing Eichmann as a " martyr". A The Anti-Defamation League of the B'nai to establish in France a National-Socialist number of non-Jewish lawyers in the town, B'rith, investigating 1,152 country and "down­ government, similar to that which ruled Germany, together with the local branch of the Italian town " clubs in America, has made public the and that they are in contact with former Nazis.— Partisans' Association, appealed to the authorities fact that 781 of these (67 per cent) practise reli­ (J.C.) to take action against the men.—(J.C.) gious discrimination. Of these, 691 are "• Christian" clubs excluding or limiting Jewish JEWS AT CATHOLIC ASSEMBLY membership, and 90 are " Jewish " clubs excluding MOROCCAN EXODUS or limiting non-Jewish membership. There was, For the first time in history, representatives of however, " some comfort" in the fact that the Two himdred and fifty Jews left Casablanca sixteen religious faiths, including the Jewish, took remaining 371 clubs (33 per cent), " including for Marseilles aboard the French lined " Azrou " I>art in the Agape Feast in Rome. The represen­ some of the most celebrated clubs in the in the middle of January, according to reliable tatives met to discuss racial prejudice and the country," had no religious barriers to member­ sources. causes of religious, cultural and political mis­ ship. understanding. This departure indicated a resumption of Rabbi E. Toaff, the Chief Rabbi of Rome, told Restaurant Picketed emigration, which started last October and which the gathering that no people knew more than was subsequently stopped by the authorities Members of the Baltimore branch of the Jews that racial prejudice produced tragic conse­ Habonim movement picketed a Jewish-owned following a violent Nationalist Press campaign. quences. He called for a common front to help -(J.C.) restaurant which had refused service to dark- young people to take the road which led to skinned Yemeni sailors who were on shore leave justice, appreciation of moral values, and the from an Israeli ship. Although the management repudiation of violence.—(J.C.) had relented and apologised to the sailors, CASABLANCA COMMUNITY COMMITTEE inviting them to a free meal, which invitation DUTCH PRO-NAZI LITERATURE was accepted, strong feelings were aroused in the The Govemor of Casablanca has sanctioned the Jewish community. It is anticipated that Reform appointment of a temporary Jewish Community Former Dutch S.S. officer Paul van Tienen, congregations, which are officially opposed to Committee in the city, which has a Jewish popu­ now manager of a bookshop in The Hague—in segregation or any other form of racial discrimina­ lation of about 70,000, the largest in Morocco. effect a centre of German Nazi propaganda tions against Negroes, may refuse to hold con­ The new committee, which has 17 members, literature—sent a number of pamphlets to sub­ ventions at the restaurant. It is in any event not replaces the previous one, which disintegrated scribers to his " Netherlands Archives of the patronised by Orthodox and Conservative con­ following disputes inside the community.—(J.C.) Conservative Revolution". Among them was gregations since it is not kosher. one alleging that Eichmann never wanted the destruction of the Jews but only to concentrate them in a State of their own. Right-Wing Groups DISCRIMINATION IN REVERSE Simultaneously, Hinag, the organisation of former Dutch Nazis which is distributing the The National Director of the Anti-Defamation According to a report from a reliable tourist West German S.S. monthly Der Freiwillige to League of B'nai B'rith, Mr. Benjamin R. Epstein, just returned form Warsaw, a 19-year-old Jewish its members, announced that this monthly will told the 49th annual meeting of the organisation student in Poland, Berl Lenczner, is shortly to soon include a supplement in Dutch.—(J.C.) that, although few of the new extreme Right-wing stand trial in Wroclaw. Lenczner addressed a groups in America openly express antisemitisin, " often enough antisemitic innuendoes abound in high-ranking East German oflicer with the words: KU-KLUX-KLAN IN BRAZIL their private meetings". Mr. Epstein believed " Du deutsches Schwein ! Raus ! " that, to some extent, overt expressions of anti­ He was promptly arrested by a Polish officer According to a report published by " Diario da semitism had become a " political kiss of death " accompanying the East German officer but Noite", the Brazilian newspaper, branches of in the U.S.A. today. As a result the extremists released by the local prosecutor. The Security the Ku-Klux-Klan are operating in Brazil's larger " are practising a degree of sophistication in their Police had him re-arrested and, upon interroga­ cities. The paper alleges that names such as public statements ".—(J.C.) tion, Lenczner said that, seeing a German officer " Vigilantes of the Night" are used, but that in uniform, all that the Germans had done to his the ritual of the branches is the same as that of parents and family came to mind. He did not the K.K.K. Like the Klan, the night raiders ARGENTINE CABINET APPOINTMENT regret his action and stated that he was incapable wear masks in their attacks on democratic Sr. Jose Mazar Barnett has been appointed of making a fine distinction between East and institutions.—(J.C.) Minister of Public Works in the Argentine. Sr. West Germans. Barnett is the son of a rabbi and a leader of the Lenczner was released, but was later ordered LODZ GHETTO DIARY FOUND Government party. He is a personal friend of to stand trial in Wroclaw.—(J.C.) President Frondizi. The new Minister has ren­ Workmen on the site of the former Auschwitz dered outstanding service to the Jewish com­ extermination camp found a 315 page diary, in munity, especially in combating antisemitism.— which the fate of the Jews in Lodz Ghetto is (J.C.) SWISS DIPLOMAT WHO SAVED described. The diary, which is written in Hebrew, THOUSANDS was preserved in a metal box and its major part is still legible. RABBINICAL SEMINARY IN LATIN In Geneva, a dinner was given by the American AMERICA Joint Distribution Committee and the Jewish SCANDINAVIAN COMMUNITIES A Rabbinical Seminary for Latin American Agency in honour of Mr. Charles Lutz. the Swiss countries was recently opened in Buenos Aires- diplomat who saved thousands of Hungarian Dr. Marcus Melchior, Chief Rabbi of Denmark, The foundation is due to efforts in which the Jews from deportation to Nazi death camps. has refuted charges made against the Scandi­ Federation of Central European Congregations While serving as Consul-General in Budapest navian Jewish communities by Rabbi Dr. in South America (" Centra") took a leading from 1943 to 1945, Mr. Lutz issued protective Mordecai Kirshblum, the American Mizrachi part. The seminary will be run on moderately letters to thousands of Jews who had collective leader. On his return to America from a visit conservative lines, similar to those of the former passports, thus delaying their deportation by to Scandinavia. Rabbi Kirshblum proposed that Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau. Eichmann to concentration camps until they a corps of rabbis should be established and sent were liberated by Allied forces. When all diplo­ to Scandinavia to assist Jewish communities, as FORMER LOOT FOR ALASKAN matic and consular missions (except the Swedish) Jewish life in these countries was " experiencing COMMUNITY had left the city, he remained there at the risk a grave and critical situation ". of his life, waiving diplomatic regulations, to save Rabbi Melchior declared that Judaism in Scan­ A collection of nineteenth century Jewish the lives of Jews. dinavia was in no more a serious or critical ritual appurtenances, plundered by the Nazis froni Presentations were made to Mr. Lutz at the situation than in the United States. The Jews of European synagogues and salvaged by the U.S.A- dinner, and a sum of money was also contributed Scandinavia were not more religiously apathetic, occupation forces in Germany, is being sent to in his name to be used in further rescue activities ignorant or threatened by assimilation than were Alaska for use by the growing Jewish community- for Jewish refugees all over the world.—(J.C.) the Jews of America.—(J.C.) who have a lack of ritual appurtenances.—(JC AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 Page 7 TWO RECENT PRESENTATIONS Old Acquaintances Home Aeicg; Wanda Rotha has left for Munich ^ ROBERT WELTSCH FESTSCHRIFT student. Together these two essays recon­ to star in " The Eagle Has Two Heads " directed struct a picture of the young Weltsch amidst by Jean Cocteau.—Hans Habe visited London to Rarely can a Festschrift have been so the formative influences of a city that pro­ launch the English edition of his novel " Ilona ", appropriate, both in execution and in dedica­ duced an astounding number of Jewish published by Harrap; this " Hungarian Budden­ tion, as this example of the genre.* Even to intellectuals and writers. All in all, this brooks " was listed as a best-seller by the those, such as the present reviewer, who have, Festschrift most happily mingles the particular " Evening Standard".—On March 12, Gabriele to their regret, only a passing acquaintance and the general. Tergit will speak about her impressions of Berlin with Robert Weltsch, it must appear not only at Club 43.—Erwin Leiser, who produced the ail abundantly deserved tribute but also a con­ -LIONEL KOCHAN. •' Mein Kampf " and " Eichmatm " films, passed tribution to thought and reflection in its own through London on his way to Japan, where he "ght. Happy is the man whose 70th birth­ THE SEARCH FOR PEACE will begin production of his " Hiroshima ist ueberall " ; born in Berlin, he lives in Sweden.— day can be graced in this way and who can Gideon Freud translated Maurice Edelman's inspire such a work from a distinguished Festgabe fuer Adolf Leschnitzer " TBe Minister" and has been commissioned to circle of friends. To commemorate the 60th anniversary of Adolf write " Das englische Theater der Gegenwart" The work falls into three sections—the first for Mueller-Langen in Munich.—H. F. (Koenigs-) Leschnitzer on February 3, 1959. Kurt R. Gross­ Garten wrote an open letter to the editor of contains a number of articles drawn from such mann collected and edited 27 original contributions London's " Times Literary Supplement", correct­ themes as Zionist history, the ideas of of scholarly friends from the U.S.A., Germany. ing the statement of one of that paper's contribu­ RaJDbi Kook, Democratic theory and the his­ Israel, and various other countries. Erich Fromm tors that Schnitzler and Hofmannsthal were torical value of the sermon. The contributors " relatively minor litterateurs ". include David Baumgardt, Alex Bein, Hugo and Hans Herzfeld also lent their names as editors. The impressive volume of 435 printed This and That: Dr. Ludwig Lewin, former Bergman, Kurt Wilhelm and Felix Weltsch. director of Berlin's Lessing-Hochschule, who The second section is more personal in charac­ pages has been worth while waiting for until its today runs a guest house in Ascona, has donated ter with particular contributions by those who belated publication towards the end of 1961.* his archives and collection to Berlin's Academy have known Weltsch from his earliest years Many readers of this paper have known of Arts.—Leon Askin scored a success in ~-Hans Kohn, Hans Tramer, Kurt Blumen­ Leschnitzer personally, or have been aware of his " Waiting for Godot" at Vienna's Josefstadt, feld and others. The third section, finally, accomplishments in shaping a modem Jewish his first appearance in his native city since 1937.— has shorter messages of an intimate nature school system in Germany between 1933 and 1939. Gustav Machaty, of "Ekstase" fame, is directing from old friends, and also opponents, of During the Second World War Leschnitzer served on the Bavarian radio.—Peter Capell, who worked the United States of America in various capacities. for the " Voice of America" during the war, Weltsch: Alfred Wiener, Martin Buber, Since 1946 he has been connected with the Depart­ and recently returned to Germany, successfully Ernst Simon, Erich Kahler. Siegfried Moses. ment of Germanic and Slavic Languages of the produced " Period of Adjustment" in Hamburg. City College. New York, having been elected —Ellen Schwannecke appeared in " Reizende Multifarious Facets departmental chairman in 1958. Every summer Leute " at Zurich's Bemhardt-Theater.—Hedy since 1952 he has also been lecturing at the Free Karp, Hollywood correspondent for German Within the compass of a short review it is University of Berlin on the history of former papers, Dr. Hugo Strelitzer, opera director at "ot possible to dwell at length on the multi­ German Jewry. At present he is spending an Los Angeles City College, and Dr. Franz Roehn, farious facets of Weltsch's life and activities entire year in Berlin under a Fulbright grant, photographer and assistant to William Dieterle, revealed by this Festschrift. But if one must, have returned to Munich. A Broad Spectrum Uhfortunately, make an invidious choice Mileuons: Kurt Hirschfeld, director of Zurich's amongst these contributions then there are The essays presented to him reflect the full Schauspielhaus, will be 60 on March 10. Bom in 'hree that seem of outstanding interest and scale of his contacts and interests. They have Lehrte near Hanover, he was a joumalist in hierit. The first is Bein's " Von der Zions- been arranged under four main headings, viz., the Berlin before he joined Gustav Hartung in ^hnsucht zum politischen Zionismus" in religious and philosophical concepts of peace; Darmstadt as a producer. Many German actors *hich a scholarly analysis is made of the the implementation of peace ; the image of peace who had to leave their coimtry and many play­ history of the term "Zionism". It does not in the nineteenth- and twentieth-centuries' litera­ wrights who were no longer acceptable in Ger­ Appear to have been used before 1890, ture ; and intergroup relations. Given the breadth many under the Nazi regime, owe it to him that of such spectrum, each reader will select an they found a new home in Switzerland.—Walther although " Zionist " already existed. But by individual number of topics he likes best. This von Hollander, author of many novels and film ."8, as Herzi found out during his discus­ reviewer received a maximum of stimulation from scripts, celebrated his seventieth birthday in sions with the Kaiser, the term had become articles which touch on the immediate problems Hamburg. ? part of current usage. Bein also points out of our day, to wit: Hans Herzfeld. " Die Pariser Germany: Hamburg's weekly " Der Spiegel" !h a footnote the latest evolution in the mean- Friedensschluesse von 1919/20 und das Problem has disclosed that, since 1951, the German Cross 'hg of Zionism. In Israel it is apparently used der daueraden Friedensordnung "; Kurt R. Gross­ of Merit (Verdienstkreuz) has been awarded to ° signify empty, platitudinous verbosity or mann, " Carl von Ossietzky receives the Nobel 53,000 people.—Grete Mosheim has joined Waffle"—a characteristic symptom of the Peace Prize "; E. J. Gumbel, " Geheime Ruestung Cologne's ensemble for the coming season.— ^line of Zionism as an ideology. und politische Morde in der Weimarer Republik "; Sybille Binder has appeared in " Amerikanischer Rudolf Callmann, "Zwei Denkmethoden im j^ A second contribution of great interest is Traum" in Dusseldorf.—Dorothea Wicck has Recht: Deutschland und die Vereinigten Staaten started a studio for actors in Berlin.—Heinz Hil­ "aumgardt's " Unverschuldete VerschoUenheit von Amerika "; Arthur M. Prinz. " Myths, Facts, "hd unverdienter Ruhm ". This constitutes a pert cancelled his production of " Schluck und and Riddles about the Literary Estate of Karl Jau " in Baden-Baden because the Mayor forbade provocative re-assessment of Schelling as MEU'X." the presentation of Brecht's " Mutter Courage" ^onipared with the relatively neglected Franz The above purely personal evaluation is not to there.—Maria Schell has given birth to a son.— °h Baader and includes also a critical account deprecate the philosophic and xsthetic wealth of Tilla Durieux appeared in " Nur eine KaraSe" t Hermann Cohen's " Religion der Vernunft other essays, such as Nahum N. Glatzer, "The on TV.—^Twenty-seven cinemas near the Berlin . "s den Queller des Judentums ". Baumgardt Concept of Peace in Classical Judaism "; A. Arthtir wall have closed down. particularly concerned with Cohen's " vague Schiller, "The Role of Roman Citizenship and Obituary : Johanna Terwin, Alexander Moissi's hd many-sided " use of the term " reason " Roman Law in the Pax Romana "; Hans Kohn, widow and an actress in her own right, has died jj, 'hat under its protection "everything pos- " Goethe and his Time ". in Zurich at the age of 78. Her real name was 8a H ^^^ impossible can be asserted ". Baum- We apologise to the other friends and con­ Winter and she was a member of Max Rein­ ^""dt also has most interesting remarks to hardt's ensemble.—Robert Herlth, the 69-year-old tributors for mentioning some just by their set designer of " Faust", " Letzte Mann " and . ake concerning the Cohen-Rosenzweig rela- names—^Erich Fromm, Max Gruenewald, Guido " Kongress tanzt", has died in Munich.—Hans 'Onship. Kisch, Erast Simon—and for omitting individual Raphaeli-Staufen, the Berlin-bom actor who references to others. Be they all assured—^if such became a professional graphologist after his ^Lastly, there is the question of Prague, the assurance is needed—that their essays live up to emigration, and lived in South Africa for some ty in which Weltsch was born and studied, their deserved scholarly reputations. time, died in Basle.—Willy O. Somin (whose given h a substantial contribution Hans Tramer A collection like this represents a digest of name was Simon) died in Costa Rica, aged 63. experiences and reflections derived from the full He started as a journalist in Berlin and was also tu^^? a wonderful picture of the city's cul- the author of " Close Quarters " in which Oscar ^ral life ana-dj th,!,„e threefoltfirj».»fr>lHd contributior-nntrihiitirtnn niof span of personal lives. It can and must not be Ge absorbed and evaluated in one sitting like a self- Homolka scored his first success in London before ^rmans, Czechs and Jews. This complements contained novel of a similar size. It is one_ of the war.—Kaethe Erlholtz's son and Rudolf j9^ more personal reminiscences of Hans those books one wishes to open at random time Nelson's step-son, J. F. Reynolds, who was corre­ ^ohn who looks back to his common youth and again, to ponder over this or that aspect of spondent of German papers in this country, has ttn Weltsch as school fellow and fellow- the fascinating, puzzling period into which we have died in London.—Luise Komgold. the 61-year-old been bom. widow of composer Erich Wolfgang Koragold, 8,_5**««taft her Robert WcHack. Herausgegeben von died in Hollywood. (Tel A •'V'r """l •'"" Loewenstein. VorUg Bitaon Ltd. H. G. REISSNER. ** Ant ** ""'•'• ''^^ ''*'** ""' ** °^

FRITZI MASSARY CULTURAL NEWS A Birthday Tribute ARTHUR SEGAL COLLECTION COMPASSIONATE ART Fritzi Massary, who lives in Beverley Hills, Hollywood, will visit Europe to celebrate her 80th First Exhibkion: Woodcats 1910-1917 Eva Frankfurther Exhibition birthday on March 21 with her daughter, Liesl Frank-Mittler. The art of the woodcut began with the inven­ It is perhaps possible to divide painters into two " Die Massary", the first lady of operetta, tion of printing. In the sixteenth century and broad categories: those whose main concern is began her career in Berlin shortly after the turn later both these techniques were used for propa­ man and his pictorial and psychological repre­ of the century, and became a star over-night. ganda purposes, for addressing the mass of the sentation, and those for whom the purely Together with Giampietro, she represented every­ people. During the First World War Arthur " painterly " problems are overriding. Eva Frank- thing the Metropol-Theater stood for. She first Segal put his woodcuts to the same use. Being further definitely belonged to the former category. starred in revues and appeared in " Herren von of Rumanian nationality, he left Germany at the She had great models to tum to: Rembrandt and, Maxim " with Joseph Josephi. I remember her outbreak of war and went to Switzerland. There in our own generation, Kaethe Kollwitz. There in Jean Gilbert's " Kinokoenigin ". he befriended ardent pacifists like Leonhard Frank is a strong spiritual affinity with these masters. In 1911 Fritzi Massary met Max Pallenberg in and Ludwig Rubiner. Woodcuts Nos. 1-13 in She sought man where he is most human, she Munich, and they married seven years later. the present exhibition* are a protest, an elemental preferred the poor and down-trodden to the Fritzi Massary's name is connected with all the outcry against man's inhumanity to man. In mig:hty and the rich. Her work proclaims this composers of light music before, during and after our own turbulent and frightening times they have choice, her art is the confession of a soul. the first war—with Leo Fall, Oscar Strauss and taken on a new and moving meaning. Her drawings have just been published in a Emmeric Kalman. She was in " Czardasfuerstin ' Segal turned with horror from a world of death little book.* Oil paintings and drawings are on and " Madame Pompadour", to name only two and destruction because he loved life and beauty show, up to March 9, at the Ben Uri Gallery. of her successes. Her last appearance on the —and sun, wind and sea. Proof of this appears What strikes you foremost ? Her almost puritan German and Austrian stages was in " Eine Frau, in his pre-war woodcuts. They brim over with austerity, almost brutal simplicity. There they are: die weiss, was sie will". radiant light, with joie de vivre. A poignant men and women from the East End of London, Just before her retirement, she appeared at contrast. But in observing the attractive subjects, workers, children, old Jews—poor and sad. While London's Haymarket in " Operette", written we should not forget the technical mastery the artist was looking into her sitters' hearts she especially for her by Noel Coward. involved. Arthur Segal tried to solve the problem was looking into her own all the time. The name of Fritzi Massary conjures up of the mutual balancing of black and white, thus She had an intimate knowledge of the people memories of a time when a trip to Berlin was heightening the effect. He succeeds in giving she depicted, for she lived among them. As a incomplete without a visit to the Metropol- depth by a few black-white touches. He draws social worker she cared for them, she shared Theater. Though bom in Austria, " Die you into his sea landscapes of water, pier, their burdened lives and, in the literal sense, their Massary " belonged to Berlin. She had and has harbour and distant coast line and gives you poverty. There can't be anything but respect and no equal. happiness. In his simple medium he makes a admiration for a life and an art which were a PEM nightly street scene shine with light. sacrifice. Her single-mindedness is shown by each A.R. line she drew, by each stroke of her brush. She left a considerable work when she died in 1959 FRANCE HONOURS ARTIST • I England Lane. London. N.W.3. Open until April Sth. at the age of 28. To be followed by exhibition of other works of the artist. Mand-Katz, the French Jewish artist, has been Eva Frankfurther had one particularly moving made an Officer of the Legion of Honour by the gift: she endowed the humble people she portrayed French Govemment on the recommendation ot BEN URI GALLERY AWARD with an enormous dignity. Especially in her oils the Minister of Culture. The award was " for she conveys a remarkable impression of monu­ services to art ". mentality. A true spiritual sister of the great The Ben Uri Art Society recently arranged In Haifa, where the artist spends some of his a competition of pictures on Biblical themes. French painters of the seventeenth century, the Lenains. time, the Municipality has erected a house on Prizes were awarded to Adele Reifenberg-Rosen­ Mount Carmel in his honour, which will be used baum. Carol Bums, and Alfred Harris. But however convincing and impressive her work as a Mane-Katz Museum.—(J.C.) is she only represents one side of a complex human being. In spite of the horrible times we live in average people are never sad for long. Dare I say that Eva Frankfurther did not absorb KELLERGEIST the message of religion or of something akin to it ? There is in her pictures no trust into some­ ADVISES A.J.R. READERS thing greater than our sad little lives, no hope. Yet man is able to rise above his fate. Para­ doxically enough in our way through life we are the vanquished and the victors at the same time. A.R. • Eva Frankfurther : People. Gilchrist Studios, London 5s

AWARD FOR PROFESSOR JAMES FRANCK The physicist and Nobel Prize Winner. Professor James Franck, received the Dannie Heineman Prize of the Goettingen Academy of Science, which was awarded for the first time this year. THE LUTON The funds of this newly established Prize derive from the Minna-James-Heineman Stiftung in Hanover, founded by the industrialist. Dannie Heineman. Born in America in 1872, Heineman KNITTING went to Europe as a young man and built up a firm in Brussels which became a leading enter­ prise in the electrical industry. The institutions COMPANY Choose Hallgarten- which benefited from Heineman's benefactions included the Jewish Old Age Home in Hanover. Heineman was also an ardent collector of musical LTD. Choose Fine Wines and literary manuscripts. He passed away in New York only recently at the age of 89. Manufacturers of Jersey Cloth Ask for them by name! Professor Franck was Professor of Physics in Goettingen from 1920 until 1933. Though, as and Knitted Headwear a front soldier of the First War, he could have If you hava any difficulty in finding stayed in office in 1933, he resigned because he Wholesale only HALLGARTEN wines, wrile lo us did not want to receive any privileges from the for assistance Nazis. He emigrated to the United States and 664-668 DUNSTABLE ROAD, became Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Chicago. In 1953. he was made an LUTON, BEDFORDSHIRE S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN Honorary Citizen of Goettingen. Tel.: Luton 52516/7 1, Crulchad Friv*, London, E.C.3 The Dannie Heineman Prize is to be awarded to internationally recognised scientists without regard to their race or nationality. AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 Pace 9

C. L. Lang (Paris) TWO JEWISH POETS In 1959 the Koesel Verlag in Munich brought JEWS IN IRAN out two volumes of poems written by Else Lasker- Schiiler between 1902 and 1943. The publication, which was both scholarly and attractive, was The Jewish population of Iran is estimated at artisans, and the great majority of the Iranian reviewed in this magazine at the time. The same 80,000, of whom somewhat more than half live in Jews are dealers, mostly middlemen, many of publishers have now brought out a third volume Teheran and the remainder in the provincial them working in the "' Bazaar", the place where of her works, edited by Werner Kraft.* It con­ towns, notably Chiraz (15,000). The Jews form a goods are generally exchanged and which also tains poems of the years 1899-1926 and prose, small minority amongst the numerous minorities serves as a money exchange. There are no Jewish both previously unpublished, texts from various of the country (Kurds, Armenians, etc.) and banks or bankers, but a few factories are in sources, early versions and variants, essays, letters, probably account for scarcely a half per cent of Jewish hands. The wealthy Jewish merchants and extracts from the play: " Ich und Ich " (a Iran's population. are for the most part general agents for well- drama in six acts, with an epilogue). Another Iran's Jewish community is one of the oldest in known foreign patented goods, their capital is volume of plays and prose writings is still to come. the world and co-existence with the majority of often invested in landed property, the value of the population, lasting for thousands of years, has which has multiplied several times over the last The new collection will be welcomed by all put a special stamp on it. In appearance, in their years. There are quite a few Jewish doctors, who admirers of Else Lasker-Schuler as an interesting manner of thought and action they are—at least have usually studied abroad, some chemists, but addition to her work. We are familiar with the to a European Jew—indistinguishable from the almost no advocates. Discrimination in economic atmosphere of the writings in her earlier book, her Mohammedan Iranians, who after all are neither matters is shown in the first place against the sombre melancholy, her deep resignation and her Arabs nor fanatical Mohammedans. They have Armenians, who are reputed in Iran to be par­ reminiscences of her lost loved ones, especially of the same oriental morality, their habit of con­ ticularly industrious and shrewii merchants. her mother and her son. The same motifs appear templation, their conventionality, their moderate in this new volume, but here they are felt much professional activity ; they share with the Iranians The Former Ghetto more as part of a universal fate than a merely the opinion that life actually takes place within personal one. The words are simpler, humbler, The poor Jews, who form the overwhelming more devout and altmistic. the bounds of the family in the widest sense of the majority of the community, also in Teheran, stifi Word, and their respect for the " rich ". They do live to a small extent (about 8,000) in the O Gott, wie soil dich meine Klage ruehren. not play any political role and do not appear to •' Mahale ", the former ghetto, the gates of which Da alle Menschen auf der Erde fast Worry about this, as long as they may go about were only opened at the beginning of this century. In ihrem Herzen tragen ihre tiefe Last, their business undisturbed (this statement does not Housing and living conditions are no worse than Und Kinder hungern hinter alien Tueren. altogether apply to the younger generation). They in the poor Mohammedan quarters ; they may be Die Not ist gross. Ich weiss. have one seat in the Iranian Parliament, the considered as even better, since the ghetto is In an additional note Werner Kraft records his Madjles—if it happens not to be dissolved— connected with the water and electricity supply, personal recollections of Lasker-Schuler's last whereas the Armenians, 180,000 in number, which is not the case in many poor quarters of the years in Jerusalem (1937-1945), during which he always provide two Deputies. town. In Isfahan, too, Iran's former capital, the was a close friend of hers. Educational Disabilities ghetto is in a poor quarter of the town, where The Koesel Verlag has also attempted to rescue the Jews live in the midst of the Iranians and from oblivion another Jewish writer, Peter Alten­ In contrast to the other minorities, the Jews no just as they do, whereas the Armenians, who were berg (I859-I9l9).t A gulf separates him from longer have their own newspaper or periodical ; settled only 350 years ago in a special suburb of Else Lasker-Schuler. Richard Englaender, as he here there may be a certain pressure from the Isfahan, have retained their national character. was really called, chose his pen-name from a little other Mohammedan countries at work, as in the As a result of the splendid work of the place on the Danube of which he was fond. He case of Iran's official relationships with Israel. " Joint" hygienic conditions have improved was the son of a well-to-do Viennese merchant. Members of minorities cannot as a rule attain immeasurably in the pwst-war period, and oriental After studying law and medicine for a short time any high positions in the Iranian civil service and diseases, such as trachoma, have been practically in Vienna and serving a short apprenticeship in a this also applies to the army. In theory the eradicated. The Joint has erected a model Stuttgart bookshop, he settled down for good in academic professions are open to them, but since children's hospital and a lying-in clinic opposite his birthplace, an eccentric bohemian, whose the universities can only take a small percentage the ghetto, provides for the nourishment of wealthy brother supported him. He counted many of school-leavers, candidates coming from the children in the Jewish schools and pays grants to well-known writers among his friends, such as minority groups are to all intents and purposes the numerous people in the ghettoes who are Egon Friedell, Alfred Loos. Arthur Schnitzler, not given proportional treatment. For this reason unable to make a living. On the other hand, the Karl Kraus, Richard Beer-Hofmann. He was the children of rich Jewish families often study Iranian-Jewish associations have only reached the discovered as a poet by Schnitzler when he was abroad, as do also the Armenians and Iranians. stage of the charitable-patriarchal bodies with 34 years old and Karl Kraus recommended him to There is a large number of Jewish schools, which we were familiar in the last century. S. Fischer in Berlin, who from 1896 up to his notably those of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, There is a large number of synagogues with death published all his works in 14 volumes. which did pioneer work in the emancipation of Sephardic, and a single one with Ashkenasi, ritual, Iranian Jews, and a big Ort technical school where a few scattered refugees from Eastern The new book contains extracts from these which is gradually training up a Jewish industrial Europe gather. The Jews from Irak have their volumes, chosen with tact and understanding by Working class. own large, modem synagogue. Except for the the editor, Wolfgang Kraus. What we are offered Iranian Jewry has not been distinguished younger generation the Jews of Iran know very now, after so great a lapse of time, are unpreten­ during the last centuries by outstanding personali­ little about the values and teachings of Judaism. tious sketches of everyday life, serene, placid, ties in the intellectual and economic spheres, in There are very few mixed marriages, never with modest and contented. Not only do we breathe contrast to the Jews who have emigrated from Mohammedans, and exclusively with Armenians. the air of that period in Vienna ; if that were all. Irak, about 5.000 of whom have been living in The Jewish Agency carries out consular func­ the new edition might perhaps be unjustified. Iran since Israel gained her independence ; they tions, since no exchange of ambassadors has yet What makes it so valuable is that all the people, been arranged between Iran and Israel. Com­ animals, objects, situations and moods of the book are noted for their culture—English is spoken by are depicted by the author with ease, charm, almost all of them and Ivrit by the majority— mercial relations between both countries are artlessness and with a smile untainted by their active participation in economics and their brisk and Israeli products have found a ready sale pessimism and unconscious of the problems " know-how". There are practically no Jewish in the Iranian market and will be more and more inherent in ugliness. Never was Altenberg an sought after in future. Those who are respon­ angry young—or old—man. The women he sible for the Iranian economic and social structure approached with apparently so little success form have fixed their eyes on Israel as a model for their an ever-recurring theme in the book, treated with­ CHEVRA KADISHA own, as yet much slower development. This out sarcasm or bitterness. Even the premonition ANNUAL SEUDAH DINNER-DANCE attitude to the Israeli pacemaker is also shared by of death, revealed in its final pages, cannot take the numerous foreign experts in Iran. the gentle smile from his lips. on Saturday, 31st March, 1962 The number of Iranian Jews who have emi­ grated to Israel should by now have amounted to I would not read the whole book at a sitting, 7.30 to 1 a.m. 40.000, made up for the most part of families but an occasional glass of this mild wine is a who lived in small provincial towns, almost all great pleasure. at the poor and unprepared for the work of reconstruc­ Kensington Palace Hotel tion going on in Israel. The small numbers in the PAUL WOHLFARTH. De Vere Gardens. W.8 present Aliyah are of a much better stamp and • Else Lasker-SchUlcr. Vene nnd Pross ana dem NacUan. it is encouraging that they are mostly young 1961. 178 pp. DM. 11.80. Dancing to persons, who are not emigrating because of want, t Peter Altcnberg. Das Gioeck der verlorenen Standen, but from conviction and the determination to Auswahl ans dem Weik. 1961. 342 pp. DM. 18.50. Freddy Newstead and his Orchestra lead an independent life. Moreover, young people from other minorities and even the Iranians them­ Tombola selves emigrate from Iran pretty frequently, since Tickets at 35s. including Dinner-Coffee and it seems to the young that the improvement in mMB. Gratuities from the country's situation is taking place too slowly. From the small number of German-Jewish WIr kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, Mr. E. Goodman. 51 Belsize Square, N.W.3 emigrants of the 30's, only one family in Teheran Autographen und moderne Graphik has" stayed: on the other hand, amongst the Direktor: Dr. Joseph Suschitzky •Make a note of the date and come wilh Israelis working in Teheran there is a number of 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON, N.W.8 your family and friends. former German Jews, who are spending some time on a mission in Iran. -Tpi»phon« MAI 'in'in, Page 10 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962

EUsabeth Rosenthal A UNIQUE COLLECTION IN PURIM NEAR SUSA NEW YORK New House for Leo Baeck Institute On a recent visit to the Middle East we spent a shoemaker, a few open shops, which are just dark holes, like everywhere else. two days in a town in the south of Iran, not The new house of the American Branch of the far from Susa. Here we met a charming social Most of the Jews living here are pedlars. They have quite a few synagogues in a bad state of Leo Baeck Institute in New York was officially worker, a warm and himian personaUty, who, repair. We went into a small synagogue, decorated opened recently. The dedication ceremony was together with a doctor, also from England, is with flowered tiles, there were even a few rugs conducted by Rabbi Dr. Baerwald. The Chair­ working among the Jews for the American on the floor and one Sefer Torah in the Ark. man of the Institute's American Branch, Rabbi •' Joint." We were given some smaU bitter oranges, a Purim Dr. Max Gruenewald, recalled in his address that gift, which, to them, represented riches, and moved German Jewry had been the cradle of a system of Our luach had long disappeared, victim to a us deeply. These oranges travelled with us as pickpocket on a packed bus, from an equally far as Israel. Unfortunately, we knew no Persian Jewish philosophy, of religious organisation, of packed wallet, and we had lost count of the and could not make conversation, but one of the scholarship and Rabbinical teaching ; Jewries of Jewish calendar. Our friend reminded us that men read out to us some Hebrew from the Siddur other countries looked up to its achievements. The this was the eve of Purim, and we spent a pleasant aim of the Leo Baeck Institute, the preservation evening, not quite in keeping with the well-known instead. saying: " Das ganze Jahr . . .", and arranged to We left the synagogue after many shaloms and of the German-Jewish heritage, was an obliga­ meet on the foUowing day to see the ghetto and went to the kindergarten, where the under-sixes tion and, at the same time, a stimulant, for the watch the Purimspiel in their big kindergarten spend a great part of the day. The helpers are Jews from Germany wherever they may now live. in town. mostly young Jewish women with small children Dr. Siegfried Moses (Jerusalem), President of the of their own, who have been trained in Teheran Central Board of the Leo Baeck Institute, said Walking through the narrow, winding lanes we for a few months. There was quite a crowd already saw quite a few little girls who were not assembled already, veiled women and their hus­ the research work of the Institute centred around veiled like the Iranians, but otherwise looked bands and older children. Tea and home-made two basic subjects: the role played by German exactly the same, mostly sturdy, with large dark cake were passed round, while a lot of chatter Jewry in Jewish history, and the mutual relation­ eyes. They were on their way home from school, and noise came from the closed curtain. This ship between German Jews and their German and the friendly greetings of " Shalom" from was a Jewish social gathering typical of any environment. all the children in this street would alone have poorish community, yet the veils, the closeness shown us the way. Our friend told me that of Susa made it different. These children acted Greetings were conveyed at the function by three years ago, when she first came, they just the Purim story with a fire and feeling we had Mr. Saul Kagan on behalf of the Claims Con­ ran away; now they followed us closely, smiling. never seen before. It was amazing to see Esther ference, Dr. Hans Frank of the Gustav Wurzweiler There is really no difference between the condition dance before her king; a slight little girl with Foundation, Dr. Rudolf CaUmann on behalf of of the people living outside and those living inside blonde hair, who could never have seen any real the American Federation of Jews from Central the ghetto, but when you first enter the shock dancing, yet moved with an extraordinarily Europe, and Dr. H. G. van Dam, General Secre­ is great; the lanes are so narrow that one can Oriental and seductive grace, and one could have tary of the Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland. hardly stretch out one's arm from one side of forgotten for a moment that these were children, The new house is the former residence of the street to the other; old pieces of canvas had it not been for the way " King " Ahasuerus Charles S. Guggenheimer, partner of the well- stretched across from roof to roof, which may put the golden crown on Esther's head, knocking known law firm of Guggenheimer and Unter­ make for coolness in summer, but also makes it it sideways as he quickly and shyly phnted a kiss meyer. The Institute's invaluable coUection com­ very dark ; uneven, beaten earth surfaces act as on her cheek. But " Queen " Esther straightened prises a library of 30,0(X) books, dealing with the roads, some so bumpy and difficult to walk on that it quickly as she gracefully ascended the throne history, philosophy, cultural and economic history a little crippled old woman walking with the help with him. All the children shouted their lines, of the German-speaking Jews from Central Europe, of sticks had to put them down and crawl across but this time it did not matter that we knew as weU as archives filled with rare and pertinent to tbe other end of the street; a kosher butcher. no Persian. documents.

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Adelphi Terrace House, London, W.C.2

93, Wigmore Street, Fulton Road, Wembley Park, 15-23. St. Pancras Way. Middlesex. London, W.l. London. N.W.I. New York Brussels EUSton 9001/7 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 Page II

H. W. Freyhan Artistic Director of the Philharmonic Orchestra which Hubermann had brought into existence. After 1945 he resumed his educational activities, IN MEMORY OF THREE MUSICIANS both as a teacher and as Director of the Training College for Music Tteachers. The new State appointed him Chairman of the Music Council BRUNO WALTER waengler, he wrote : '" I believe that nothing but the recall of artists like Bruno Walter, Klemperer, in the Ministry of Education. He published an Busch, etc., could demonstrably further and clarify autobiography and selections from Busoni's Only a few months after his 85th birthday, at home and abroad the cause which is as dear to writings. Bruno Walter died at his home in Beverly me as it is to you, whereas in my case"—he Artur Schnabel thought so highly of him that Hills, California, on February 17th. With him was an Austrian citizen—" the idea of a com­ he tried to secure him a similar post in the U.S.A.. passes one of the greatest conductors of the promise solution could easily arise. I am therefore in the interest of musical education in that century. firmly determined to postpone my appearance in country. This plan did not materiaUse, and thus Walter, whose family name was Schlesinger, Germany until such time when the right of all it has remained the privilege of generations of was born in Berlin, where he attended the artists, irrespective of origin, religion or nation­ young Germans and Israelis to derive incalculable Friedrichs Gymnasium and the Stern Con­ ality, to practise their art in Germany shall have benefit from the work of this ideaUstic man. servatory. One of his early appointments, at become an irrevocable fact." the Hamburg Opera, brought him in contact When Austria lost her independence Kreisler with Mahler, whom he later followed to was granted French citizenship. Shortly after the outbreak of war he settled in America, his wife's PAUL HARDTMUTH Vienna. TTie close artistic and human native country. relationship which developed between them It is hardly necessary to recall the supreme Ein Wort des Gedenkens became immensely fruitful for both. For beauty of Kreisler's playing. Many regarded his Walter it was the decisive stimulus which interpretation of the Beethoven concerto as the Das tragische Ende des ehemaligen Reinhardt- inspired him throughout his life; Mahler, on peak of his art. His name is also linked with Schauspielers Paul Hardtmuth, der in der Nacht the other hand, gained in him the interpreter one of the outstanding vioUn concertos of our zum 5. Februar in einem Anfall von Angstpsy- who not only conducted, after the composer's century, namely Elgar's, which was dedicated to chose seinem Leben ein Ende setzte, hat nicht him, and of which he gave the first performance, nur die Menschen unserer Herkunft, sondem death, the first performances of "Das Lied darueber hinaus auch weite englische Kreise von der Erde" and the Ninth Symphony, but with the composer conducting. beruehrt, die ihn aus Dutzenden von Filmen und also continued to promote the cause of his Kreisler's own compositions, which include Ferasehprogrammen kannten. music everywhere ; thus, the growing apprecia­ even some of his so-called arrangements, have tion of Mahler in this country owes much to long become favourites all over the world. In den zwanziger Jahren hatte er zuerst dem Elegant and tuneful pieces like " Liebesfreud", Reinhardt-Ensemble in Berlin und spater in Wien the concerts which Walter, with Kathleen " Liebesleid ", " Caprice Viennois " and others, angehort, und 1932 war er vom Intendanten Ferrier, gave at the Edinburgh Festival. conjure up all the seductive charm of Kreisler's Schweikart an das Stuttgarter Staatstheater Equally excelling at the opera and in the native city. berufen worden. Seiner Tatigkeit dort wurde concert haU, Walter enriched the musical life On Kreisler's 75th birthday, Bruno Walter paid durch die Machtuberaahme Hitlers ein Ende him this tribute : " To make music is for Fritz bereitet. Er wirkte dann an den deutschsprachigen of Munich, Berlin, Leipzig, Vienna and New Theatern in Reichenberg und Prag und kam nach Vork, besides giving status to the Festivals at Kreisler what flying is for the bird or swimming for the fish, and 1 am sure it is this elementary dem Einmarsch der deutschen Truppen in die Salzburg, Lucerne and Edinburgh. His Tschechoslowakei im Jahre 1939 nach England. enforced departure from the German musical quality which explains the spell that he casts over his audiences, that changes the passing events of Paul Hardtmuth stammte vaterlicher-und scene in 1933 is well-known ; after an inter­ his concerts into a profound, lasting experience. mutterlicherseits aus alten, geistig hochst interes­ lude in Austria and France he finally found It was a lucky star that shone upon our musical sierten Familien der Donaumonarchie, die seit refuge in America. The end of the war world when Fritz Kreisler appeared in it, took his Generationen im judischen Leben Oestereich- brought him back to Europe, although not bow and fiddle, and played into the ears of Ungarns eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt haben. permanently. His appearances in this country generations his songs of beauty, of serenity, of Einer seiner Vorfahren war ein bekannter extended from 1909 till the years after the affection, of gaiety, of transfiguration, of happi­ Rabbiner zur Zeit Napoleons, der in direktet Second World War. Between the wars he also ness." Verbinduns mit dem franzdsischen Kaiser conducted at Covent Garden. gestanden hat. Numerous recordings, which include one of LEO KESTENBERG Das geistige. wenn auch nicht das religiose a Mozart rehearsal, will keep his art alive. As Erbe steckte tief in Paul Hardtmuth. Neben dem Drama galten seine Interessen der Philosophie a Mozart conductor he was perhaps equalled The name of Leo Kestenberg. who died in Tel und der Musik. Als ich zu Anfang der fUnfziger only by Beecham, and his interpretations of Aviv, aged 79, will always be associated with Jahre Thomas Mann ein von Pau! Hardtmuth ^e great German and Austrian masters from the progress of musical education in Germany and zerlesenes und mit Hunderten von Randbemer- Bach to Richard Strauss, but also of Verdi, Israel. Born in Hungary, the young pianist went kungen versehenes Werk des Dichters mit der *ill remain unforgettable experiences. For­ to Berlin where he became Busoni's pupil. He Bitte un eine Widmung vorlegte, blatterte er ever striving, he added, in his later years, to soon gained a reputation, especially as a brilliant einige Minuten interessiert darin und schrieb Liszt interpreter, and obtained a teaching post dann die Worte hinein: " Es ist eine Freude, 'he loving care for every detail and for beauty at the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory. of sound, a classical sense of over-all structure. solch einen aufmerksamen und kritischen Leser His work for the " Volksbuehne " brought him zu haben ". His sympathies towards modern music were in touch with the men who, after 1918, took selective, and it is significant that he stood up charge of Prussia's cultural policy; he was Paul Hardtmuth war Zeit seines Lebens tor the late romanticism of Pfitzner. appointed Music Adviser in the " Kultusminis­ menschenscheu. Nur wenige konnen sich rUhmen, Walter's speeches and writings (some of his terium." In this capacity. Kestenberg—who was in wirklich engem Kontakt mit ihm gestanden zu made a Professor in 1921—initiated a funda­ haben. Zu ihnen gehorten Alexander Moissi "ooks have been reviewed in this paper) reveal und Fritz Kortner; Elisabeth Bergner war es. ^n ffisthetic thinker of no mean stature. His mental reform of musical education, both in the schools and in private teaching. He moder­ die als erste ihr Beileid zu seinem Tode truly noble personality added to the esteem in nised the music syllabus in the schools and the bekundete. *nich he was held everywhere. What he gave training and examinations of school and private Fritz Kortner hat seinem alten Freund Patil *in long be remembered. music teachers. To raise the level of individual Hardtmuth vor weniger als drei Monaten eine tuition he introduced a compulsory examination bedeutende Rolle fiir eine seiner neuen FRITZ KREISLER for all private music teachers. It seems that even Inszenierungen angeboten: mit Riicksicht auf the Nazis, who, of course, dismissed him. found den Gesundheitszustand seiner Frau lehnte Fritz Kreisler. perhaps the most celebrated little to change in his system as such. Hardtmuth das ehrende Angebot ab und erkannte 'ohnist of our century, died in New York, just Kestenberg aimed at filling the profession with zu spat, dass dieses ihm hochstwahrscheinlich ein before his 87th birthday. He had long retired all-round musicans who were to rise above come back auf deutschen Buhnen bereitet hatte. in"? '^^ concert platform and had not appeared narrow specialisation and whose interests were to In dieser Erkenntnis ist die Ursache einer dann '"Europe since the 1939-45 war. eingetretenen Depression zu suchen. Of Jewish descent, Kreisler was bom and embrace a wider cultural field. He himself {•ed in Vienna, the son of a music-loving joined the examining board, and I remember weU Er war ein ungemein Uebenswerter, wenn auch Pnysician who was the family doctor of how on one such occasion he asked me to play sehr komplizierter Charakter. Er empfand ^nnabel's parents. At the age of seven, Fritz from memory some themes from standard Scheu vor den Menschen, aber umso engeren ("'ered the Vienna Conservatory, where Bruckner classical works. This was significant for him. Kontakt hatte er zu Kindern und Tieren. In den ^"ght him theory: later, in Paris, he studied and it was certainly relevant. Altogether, he did ersten Jahren der Emigration hielt er sich ein ^mposition with Delibes and the violin with sterling service for the cause of musical educa­ paar Kaninchen, mit denen er taglich Zwiesprache ^assart, a pupil of Beethoven's friend Kreutzer. tion to which he devoted so much energy and hielt. Nie vergass er. die Vogel vor seinem w-fi!'^ his retum to Vienna, he became acquainted which he also promoted in his publications. His Fenster zu futtem. Hunde und Katzen waren Whn ®';?hnis and Wolf: he also met Dvorak, position also gave him a say in the appointment besonders zutraulich zu ihm. und zu Kindem J ,e "Humoresque" he made world-famous. of conductors and other artists at the State fand er sofort die richtige Beziehung. a[J^'er years. Kreisler made his home in Beriin theatres ; thus he made a by no means negligible »n,r°"^" much of his time was spent on concert contribution to the flourishing musical life of Diejenigen, die Paul Hardtmuth wirklich 'ours all over the worid. the pre-Nazi era. kennenlemen durften, werden diesen wahrhaft In 1933 he went to Prague and founded the grossen Charakterdarsteller und sympathischen manv •" '^'^' Kreisler refused to play in Ger- Intemational Society for Musical Education. In Menschen nicht so leicht vergessen. "^- In reply to an invitation from Furt­ 1939 he emigrated to Palestine where he became W. STERNFELD. Paee 12 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 OBITUAR Y FRITZ WENDHAUSEN After a protracted illness Fritz Wendhausen, who later changed his name to Frederic Wend­ housen, died in West Germany. He was cremated DR. FREDERICK S. ARON ' DR. ARTHUR RAU in London where he had lived since before the war. Dr. Frederick S. Aron passed away on Landgerichtsrat a.D. Dr. Arthur Rau died in Frederic Wendhousen was a key member of the January 21st in New York at the age of 73. Tel Aviv ; he was 67 years old. Throughout his team working for the German section of the From his early years onwards he was interested life Dr. Rau was closely associated with the B.B.C. in Bush House, and Hugh Cariton-Greenc, in Jewish affairs and as a student and member of Mizrachi movement. Until 1933 he was a judge head of the entire B.B.C. organisation, wrote a the K.C., took up the fight against antisemitism. in Berlin. TTiough, as a veteran of the First World warm-hearted obituary in " The Times ". War, he could have stayed in office he immediately After having passed his examinations, he settled Wendhousen started as an actor and also down in medical practice in Berlin. While still resigned when the Nazis came to power, and, in a voluntary capacity, became Joint Secretary of directed many productions for Max Reinhardt young he became President of one of the B'nai in BerUn. A non-Jew, he left Germany when B'rith lodges in that city. the Palestine Oflice in Berlin. He thus took a decisive part in organising the emigration of the the Nazis came to power because, an ardent When on Hitler's seizure of power National Jews from Germany. Especially after the pogroms trades unionist, he was an anti-Nazi and also SociaUst doctors proved to be particularly of November, 1938, his effective and courageous refused to divorce his Hungarian-born wife. extreme in their views, and when, under the services helped to save the lives of many of those The pictures he produced included ''Der leadership of the notorious Dr. Conti, Jewish then thrown into the concentration camps. Dr. steinerne Reiter", " Kleiner Mann, was nun ? doctors were at once ousted from insurance Rau himself went to Palestine shortly before the and " Peer Gynt" with Hans Albers in the lead­ practice. Dr. Aron, fully aware of the danger outbreak of war, and, after having passed his law ing role. He came to London from Vienna where connected with his action, headed a committee of examinations, became legal adviser to the Anglo- he appeared on the screen in the part of Nazis on doctors which placed itself at the disposal of the Palestine Bank (now Bank Leumi Le-Israel). many occasions. His broadcasts with Peter llling Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden. He was to Germany in the war-time feature, " Kurt und arrested after a short period of activity and only Willy ", were famous. released after much effort and trouble. PROFESSOR DR. ALFRED STORCH He was one of the first to be sent to Germany In the defensive struggle against the persecution by the British Govemment, and successfully pro­ of doctors by the National Socialists he was then The psychiatrist, Professor Dr. Alfred Storch. duced " Glasmenagerie" in Berlin. But though forced to remain in the backgroimd, but that did died jn Muensingen, near Berne, where he Uved he had many friends in Germany he decided not not prevent him from giving his advice to the in retirement; he was 74 years old. He was to stay on there. After his retirement he con­ " Reichsvertretung " and setting up an " Emigra­ formerly Professor of Psychiatry and head of the tinued working for the German B.B.C. in London. psychiatric cUnic of the University of Giessen. tion Assistance OflBce for Jewish Doctors". PEM Finally he had to flee to New York via Paris, When, as a victim of the Nazi racial laws, he and there he set up in practice again in 1938. lost his position, he became Reader at the Univer­ sity of Beme and Medical Officer of the Cantonal / ALFRED WOLFSOHN Over there he not only came to the aid of Mental Hospital in Muensingen near Berne. The colleagues who had suffered persecution like him­ news of the death of this eminent physician and On February 5, Mr. Alfred Wolfsohn (formeriy self, but also became a co-founder of the scientist was given wide pubUcity in the Swiss Berlin), the well-known voice producer, whose American Federation of Jews from Central Press and radio.—(wg.) revolutionary approach to the development of the Europe, the American branch of the Council of human voice has raised widespread interest, died Jews from Germany. in London in his 56th year. He devoted himself with special energy to the RUDOLPH HELLENDALL task of bringing the members of the K.C., Mr. Rudolph HeUendall (formerly Munchen- scattered all over the globe, into touch with each Gladbach) died in London recently at the age ^ MR. JOSEPH WEIL other. For over 20 years, up to the time of his of 76. death, he was President of the American Jewish Although he himself was not a refugee—he had Mr. Joseph Weil, who was for more than 20 K.C. Fratemity and of the K.C. Welfare Organi­ already settled in England in 1925—he actively years President of the Adath Yisroel Synagogue. sation, the Max Mainzer Memorial Foundation. associated himself with the cause of our com­ London, and Hon. Life President since his retire­ With his widow. Dr. Ruth Aron, who stood by munity after the Nazis had come to power. By ment four years ago, has died at the age of 81- him in all his stmggles, his numerous friends individual efforts and voluntary full-time work with Mr. Weil was the eldest son of the late David mourn the passing of a warm-hearted, tireless the Jewish Refugees Committee, he helped well Weil, of Frankfurt. He established his home in helper and fearless fighter, whom they will never over 100 people to escape from Germany. Austria London in 1909 and became one of the most forget. and Czechoslovakia before war broke out. stable communal workers, participating in practic­ F. GOLDSCHMIDT. When, after the fall of France, refugees from ally aU spheres. Nazi persecution were intemed, he vigorously During his long term of office as President of protested against this action, and was one of the Adath Yisroel from 1934 to 1957, the Adatb RABBI DR. ERICH BIENHEIM those who supplied British poUticians with Yisroel coped with the influx of refugees and the factual evidence enabUng them to refute certain problems arising during the war and in the post­ It is learned with regret that Rabbi Dr. Erich incorrect Governmental statements. war rehabilitation period. Mr. Weil showed his Bienheim (Bradford) passed away at the age of His selfless services to the Jewish refugees will sterling quaUties especially during that time. 63. Prior to his emigration he was Rabbi in be remembered with deep gratitude. Darmstadt from 1928-1939. In this country he was for ten years attached to the West London PROFESSOR HUGO SCHAUMBERGER DR. WALTER ZECHLIN Synagogue, until he received a " call" to the Bradford Synagogue (Reform). For health reasons The former Chief Press Officer of the Weimar he had to retire last August. Mr. H. Librowicz. Professor Hugo Schaumberger, formerly teacher Reichsregierung, Dr. Walter Zechlin, recentiy Chairman of the Bradford Synagogues, writes: at the Philanthropin (Frankfurt), died in his 87th died in Lueneburg at the age of 82. He had " Dr. Blenheim had a gentle, humble, and year. He served the Philanthropin as science joined the German Foreign Service in 1903. After unassuming disposition, and was equally admired master from 1903 until he retired in 1938. A few having held positions with several German by Jews and non-Jews. All through his life ran on months after his retirement he agreed to become embassies and consulates, he became Chief Press unbroken melody of infinite love for his fellow- Headmaster and held this position under diflicult Officer of the Reichsregierung in 1925. In 1932 men. He was a man of deep sincerity and loyalty circumstances until the Philanthropin was closed he was appointed German Ambassador to Mexico. by the Nazis. Before the outbreak of war. he However, because of his anti-fascist attitude, he to Judaism, who rendered distinguished service to emigrated to Belgium, where he was forced to go was suspended when the Nazis came to power. our congregation." underground when the Nazis occupied the country. Dr. Zechlin spent the war years as an imiffi in He returned to Frankfurt in 1949 and spent the Spain. After the war, he returned to Germany last years of his life in the Jewish Old Age and, from 1946 to 1954 was Chief Press Officer DR. ALFRED MARCUS Home in Neustadt. When, in 1954. the 150th for Lower Saxony. anniversary of the Philanthropin's foundation was The economist and author. Dr. Alfred Marcus, celebrated in Frankfurt, Professor Schaumberger recently passed away in Israel. He became par­ was the main speaker at the function. ticularly well known by his work " Die wirt­ AJR CLUB schaftliche Krise des deutschen Juden ", published Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, in Berlin (Stilke Verlag) in 1931. In this work DR. JULIUS HERZFELD N.W.3 he dealt with the dangers arising from the specific economic and vocational structure of The death at the age of 55 of Dr. Julius SUNDAY, MARCH 11 German Jewry. Several of his other publications Herzfeld (Buenos Aires, formerly Essen) will be at 4.30 p.m. sharp written in Germany before 1933 also testify to deeply regretted by members of his generation his expert knowledge of this subject. Alfred who were associated with him in the Jewish youth Vortrag Marcus continued his work as an economic movement in Germany. Julius Herzfeld played a von adviser, research worker and author in Israel. leading part in the Verband der juedischen At the request of the Leo Baeck Institute Jugendvereine (" Neutraler Verband"), whose Rabbi Dr. G. Salzberger (Jerusalem) he undertook to write a monograph chairman he was for several years, and in the Hillel der Pharisaer about the economic activities of the Jews in youth organisations attached to the "Central Space donated by Germany from 1760 to 1933. He completed the Verein ". He was the son of Dr. Ernst Herzfeld, TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED first draft shortly before his death, Chairman of the C.-V. from 1935 to 1938, and 38 Felsham Road, Putney, S.W.IS law firm in Essen. a junior partner of his father's well-known AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 Page 13

regime at great danger to themselves. TTie cere­ mony at which the awards for 1961 were MEMORIAL MEETING FOR bestowed by him took place two days before his death. In his address, he reiterated his belief in the indelibility of the ideals of brotherhood and humanity. SENATOR LIPSCHITZ The other speaker. Dr. Hans Reichmann, Chairman of the AJR, recalled the large gathering in London five years ago at which Senator Lip­ A large audience attended the impressive full of inner conflicts and complications, but the schitz spoke to victims of Nazi persecution. It Memorial Meeting for Senator Joachim Lipschitz, burden he had to carry only enriched and was the first public occasion wnen representa­ held in Loadon on January 2Ist, under the strengthened his personality. tives of the Federal German Republic got into auspices of the Council of Jews from Germany, After the end of hostilities he first held office direct contact with former German Jews in this the Association of Democratic Lawyers and the with the Borough Council of Berlin-Lichtenberg. country. Lipschitz spoke about the indemnifi­ AJR. Dr. J. Auerbach, who presided, welcomed However, his independent mind soon brought him cation work in an optimistic vein. At the same the Gennan Ambassador, Herr H. von Etzdorf, into conflict with the Russian occupation authori­ time he admitted : " How is it possible at all to Gesandter Dr. R. Thierfelder and members of ties. He was dismissed and in absentia sentenced indemnify anybody for the death of a mother the Embassy staff as well as the President of the to 25 years' forced labour. After serving in Auschwitz 7" The tension under which the Council of Jews from Germany, Dr. Siegfried for several years as Councillor and, later on, as meeting had commenced receded, the listeners Deputy Mayor of Berlin-Neukoelln, he became sensed that their emotions were understood. On Moses (Jerusalem), who was on a brief visit to Senator of the Interior of the City of Berlin in London. the occasion of that visit he was accompanied by January, 1955. As an " Ur-Berliner", endowed officials of the Berlin Indemnification Office who The first speaker, Rechtsanwalt Gerhard Jahn, with his home town's specific sense of humour, saw individual claimants and discussed their Member of the German Federal Parliament and, he grew increasingly popular and won the con­ grievances with them. Similar visits to other fidence, support and recognition of that city's countries of emigration followed. Lipschitz until recently. Chairman of its Indemnification wonderful population. Committee, gave a vivid and moving description became the symbol of a new atmosphere of of Senator Lipschitz's life and personality. The If he became one of the most effective fighters trust. He was an outstanding orator and an artist name of Joachim Lipschitz, he stated, is insepar­ for indemnification, it was due to his deep com­ at expressing his views. However, brilliant ably linked up with three great issues of post-war passion for his fellow-men. He never spoke of formulations never served him as a means of Germany : the position of Berlin, the fight for himself, he always thought of the others on whom disguising non-committal contents. He considered political democracy and the efforts at trying to injustice and unspeakable sufferings had been indemnification as an ethical task. afflicted. As a capable organiser he did every­ His instinct for political demonstration also Undo the wrongs of the Nazi regime, as far as this thing possible to build up an adequate machinery found its expression in his scheme " Unbesungene ^as humanly possible. From his early youth for the implementation of the Indemnification Helden". In the same spirit he initiated a Lipschitz was politically minded, and, under Law. However, even more important was his research plan dedicated to the subject " Persecu­ •he Weimar Republic, he worked within the courage to put aside legalistic obstacles if he was tion and Resistance". Under the guidance of Socialist youth movement. When the Nazis convinced that help was necessary. leading historians, young scholars investigate the came to power he was, as a half-Jew, not admitted He regarded indemnification in the first place persecution and resistance of the churches, the to university, where he would have liked to as a moral obligation. With this attitude in mind, workers, the men of the 20th July and the Jews study languages. On the other hand, he became he also conceived the idea that every year honour in Berlin. liable for National Service and lost an arm during should be given to decent and unknown men and A fighter had fallen, Dr. Reichmann said, who UM Russian campaign. Towards the end of the women who, as " Unbesungene Helden", had devoted his life to the ideals of liberty, justice ^ar be bad to go into hiding. Thus, his life was helped their Jewish fellow citizens under the Nazi and human dignity.

Fonds zur Abgeltung von Vermoegensverlusten politiseh The new HIGH in girdles Verfolgter. Wien IL Taborstrasse Nr. 2-6 Der Fonds zahlt im Rahmen seiner Statuten. welche am 2. Juli 1961 im Amtsblatt zur Wiener 2^itung veroeffentlicht wurden, Entschaedigungen fuer konfiszierte Guthaben auf Bankkonten, fuer Wertpapiere, Bargeld und Hypothekarforderungen imd fuer die Entrichtung der Judenvermoegensabgabe und Reichs­ fluchtsteuer. Andere Vermoegensverluste koennen nicht beruecksichtigt werden. Formulare fuer Antragsberechligte in Gross-Britannien sind bei der Oesterreichischen Botschaft. 18 Belgrave Mews, London, S.W.l, oder beim Austrian Etesk der United Restitu­ tion Organisation 183/189 Finchley Road. London, N.W.3, zu erhalten. '^Ue Interessenten werden gebeten ihre Antraege moeglichst bald zu ueberreichen, da der Fonds, abgesehen von Zahlungen an ilmu^ Personen, die das 70. Lebensjahr vor dem 31. August 1962 erreicht haben werden, erst leisten kann, wenn alle Antraege bearbeitet wurden. Wer seinen Antrag verspaetet ueberreicht, verzoegert die Auszahlung an sich und an alle anderen '^ntragsteller. E>ie Anmeldefrisit endet am 31. August 1962. Sie wird auf keinen Fall verlaengert werden. Antraege, die nach dem 31. August 1962 einlangen werden, koennen nicht mehr beruecksichtigt werden. ContU SIUMMM* Ud.. 14 Idkw SCM. Iwi^M. W.l Page 14 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 refugee generation, his courage and genius were RUSSIAN PAPER ACCUSES ISRAELIS Letters to the Editor never acknowledged, apart from references in various text books (not necessarily translated into A GERMAN-JEWISH EYE SURGEON The official trade union paper in Russia, English at that time). " Trud", has attacked Zionism and Israeli I am happy thai his invention or discovery helped Embassy officials in Moscow. The paper accused Sir, Helene Cohen, who in turn helped so many them of " subversive activities " against the Soviet Jewish refugee children from Germany. Some­ Union, of using synagogues for gathering I recently read in " The Jewish Chronicle " that how there is the Lord's blessing where man failed espionage information and slanderous material, a woman who had lost her sight, Mrs. Helene to see—posthumously. for meeting people they needed, and for. giving Cohen, can now see again as the result of a Yours, etc.. instructions. corneal graft from the eye of a dead person. H. E. KIEWE. The article, entitled "Zionism—the Mask of The report also mentioned that for some time 7 St. Michael's Mansions, Spies", was written by a Jewish journalist, N. Mrs. Cohen stayed in a Davos Eye Clinic, where Ship Street, Oxford. Ehrlich. Soviet sources claim that hundreds of she taught English to Jewish refugee children from letters have been sent by Russian Jews supporting Germany. the article Your readers may be interested to know that DENTAL CONGRESS IN COLOGNE In a telephone conversation with "The Jewish a corneal graft on the eyes of a blind person wilh Chronicle" Mr. Aaron Vergelis, editor of the cornea taken from a dead person was first Sabbath Service In Programme " Soviet Heimland" declared that he shared the performed al the Geneva University Ophthalmic Sir. views expressed in " that objective joumal". It Hospital in 1933 by Dr. Paul Kiewe (Heidelberg), was not, he said, an attack against the synagogue then an assistant surgeon of 11. (His chief was It may be of interest lo your readers that the but only " a denunciation of those who misuse absent at a Paris Congress on the day of the programme of the XIII International Dental the synagogue for other purposes". WTiile he operation.) Congress to be held in Cologne from July 1th to himself personally knew of no Israeli diplomats \4th, 1962, includes the following items: using their visits to the synagogue for such The Nazis, not knowing of my cousin's Jewish Friday, July Sth : 7.00 p.m. Sabbath Service. activities as are ascribed to them, he believed origin, heralded this operation as " ein Sieg that what the paper said was true. deulscher Wissenschaft". Dr. Paul Kiewe left Sunday, July Sth : 10.00 a.m. Visit to the Synagogue. The Israeli Foreign Ministry has described the for Bombay in 1937, and during the war became "Trud" statement as "fantastic" and "without head of a British Military Hospital in India. To the besl of my knowledge, this is Ihe first any factual basis". It is, of course, true that With the exodus of the British Services from time that such arrangements have been made at members of the Israeli Embassy in Moscow meet India in 1948 he came to London, where he an international conference of this kind. Russian Jews in synagogues, it is stated, as this worked with little encouragement at the Royal Yours, etc., is the only place where they can meet, but Ophthalmic Hospital at Moorgate. (Dr.) F. G. SALOMON. allegations that they exchange anything more But, alas, Ite died at the age of 46, I am sure, Bath, sinisfer than brotherly greetings are absurd.— brokenhearted that, by the circumstances of our January 22, 1962. (J.C.)

FAMILY EVENTS Situations Wanted EXPERIENCED PASSER (CoaU Personal and costumes) seeks full-time Entries in this column are free of Men position. Box 939. WIDOWER, 72, childless, German- Jewish, in London since 1939, charge. Texts should be sent in by MAN, 36. released from the Mer­ LIGHT HOUSEWORK wanted, fuU- chant Navy, wants position to settle merchant, good appearance, capital the I8r/i of the month. or part-time, by middle-aged woman assets and pension, wishes to meet down. Experienced handyman, also Box 940. Birthdayi prepared to be trained for other good looking' intelligent lady, aged Jossek—Mrs. Flora Jossek (n

^ AJR INFORMATION March. 1962 Page 15 BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES "JEWS IN STEFAN GEORGE CIRCLE" Lectnre at Leo Baeck Institnte ML WALTER BERLIN 75 Walter Berlin' proved a tower of strength and a refuge for the harassed Jews in his own province. Readers and their friends are invited to the ^ To express to Dr. Walter Berlin, formerly of They turned to him for advice and encourage­ next lecture, under the auspices of the Society Nuernberg and since 1939 in London, on the ment, always obtaining it until the day when of Friends of the Leo Baeck Institute, at which occasion of his 75th birthday on March 11, the Streicher laid his hands on the Nuemberg syna­ Dr. Ernst Kahn will speak about " Juden im Stefan admiration and gratitude of all who have fol­ gogue and had it torn down—the first act of George Kreis." The lecture will be held on lowed his life story, might evoke from the object this kind in Germany. Wednesday, March Mth, at 8 p.m., at the Wiener of the . congratulations a somewhat mixed Library, 4 Devonshire Street, London. W.l. reaction; "Stop it! Stop it!"; or, in his After his immigration into this country, where miffiitable Franconian dialect, and thus much he and his wife overcame the difficuhies of more natural and charming: " Hoeren's auf mit adjustment with exemplary cheerfulness and MAYOR VISITS LEO BAECK HOUSE Ihre Spruech!" However, those who have had energy, he continued his public service as a mem­ the privilege of.knowing Walter Berlin for thirty ber of the Board of our Association and later of The Mayor of Finchley, Councillor Frank or forty years will not allow his modesty to pre­ its Executive. The legislation on restitution, Gibson, and the Mayoress visited Leo Baeck vent them from speaking out their minds. compensation and taxation owes to him many House on February 4th. on the occasion of a . During World War I Walter Beriin used to important suggestions. concert given in the Home by the pianist Albert *sk his 'brother officers whether they had among His colleagues and friends on the Executive Ferber. Mr. F. W. Ury, Chairman of the House their ancestors a " Konistorialrat", and if they of the AJR convey to him their cordial wishes Committee, welcomed the guests of honour and could not produce one, he enjoyed seeing their and hope he will not consider it as " Spruech !" also introduced the artist, whose recitals included when they say that they regard Walter Berlin works by Mozart, Beethoven. Schumann and surprise when he said: " But my great-great- Chopin. Srandfather was one". And indeed the distin­ as the personification of what was best in German guished Rabbi of Hesse-Kassel, Loeb Berlin, held J«*fy- H.R. that title.' Though his great-great-grandson did "TOPPING OUT" CEREMONY AT not fo'ilow in his footsteps, he tried to emulate A NONAGENARIAN HEINRICH STAHL HOUSE his ancestors by being a proud and conscientious j€w. As his career he chose that of his grand­ "^ Dr. Leon Somm» To mark the completion of the roof at Heinrich father, Hofrat Samuel Berlin, who was the first Stahl House, The Bishop's Avenue, a " topping ••ew adrnitted to the Bar in Bavaria. Dr. Leon Sommer, who recently attained the out" ceremony for the building workers was held Family tradition, upbringing, talent and charac- age of 90, has been associated with Jewish activi­ in the house, which is to serve as the fourth 'w all made Walter Berlin the man who has ties throughout his life. In Nuremberg, where Old Age Home under the auspices of the C.B.F. Won the esteem of his colleagues and friends, he lived prior to his emigration, he was in 1901 and the AJR. The workmen were welcomed ^d the gratitude of the Jews from Franconia. a founder-member of the Maimonides Lodge of by Mr. D. F. Wallis, a director of Messrs. E. H. Outstanding as a lawyer, he had a large the B'nai B'rith, and for four years its President. Burgess, the contractors. Dr. C. Kapralik, Secre­ clientele in Nuernberg, but he still found time In this country he was one of the founders of tary of the C.B.F., thanked all those engaged in |or public service. In the years after World the Leo Baeck Lodge. Dr. Sommer has been a the building work, and Mr. H. J. Reifenberg .V*r I, Nuernberg gained notoriety as the pub­ member of the AJR for many years and taken spoke on behalf of the architects. Also present lishing place of the infamous, anti-Jewish weekly a particular interest in our work for the aged. were Mr. O. Weiss, designated Chairman of the "er Siuermer and the abode of its unsavoury We extend our sincerest wishes to him. House Committee, and . Mr. W. Rosenstock, editor, Julius Streicher. There were quite a few General Secretary of the AJR. serious politicians in Germany who did not pay niuch attention to the kind of Jew-baiting propa­ PROFESSOR DR. JULIUS HIRSCH (BASEL) 70 ganda practised by Streicher. Dr. Berlin was not NEW COMMITTEE AT ZION HOUSE JK*^ of them. He very early saw the danger and The biochemist. Professor Dr. Julius Hirsch, 1^ attraction of pomographic politics and more celebrated his 70th birthday recently. From 192() After seven years' devoted service, Mr. Herbert than once took lega! action against the Gauleiter. to 1929 he worked under Professor Carl Neuberg M. Hirsch has retired as Chairman of the Hamp­ He prepared his criminal cases with a meticu- at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry. stead Zion House Committee. He will be suc­ 'ousness worthy of a better object. On several In 1929 he was appointed Extraordinary Profes­ ceeded by Mr. H. Berkovitch and Dr. H. N. Feld occasions Streicher was sentenced and even sor at the Berlin University. When the Nazis as Joint Chairmen. All enquiries in regard to 'niprisoned, and yet such was the respect com- came to power. Professor Hirsch followed a call bookings, etc., should be addressed to the newly "^anded by Walter Beriin's dignified bearing that to the University of Istanbul. In 1948 he became appointed Hon. Secretary, Mr. V. Wagner. Zion even Streicher did not seek revenge when he Head of the research laboratory of the firm of House, 57 Eton Avenue, N.W.3; Mr. Wagner •^ame all-powerful after 1933. Geigy in Basle. Professor Hirsch. who now lives is also obtainable during office hours under LAD­ In the years when the followers of Streicher in retirement, is a great-grandson of Rabbi Sam­ broke 2925, or privately (if necessary) under "1 Franconia caused turbulence and outrages. son Raphael Hirsch. SPEedweU 8445.

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WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL "THE CONTINENTAL" SMAR HOUSE 9 Church Rood, Southbourne 'oke your Winter Holidays in our Through extended premises. BOURNEMOUTH We provide everything you "Phone : Bournemouth 48804 Con possibly expect, at prices BARON TRAVEL COMPANY Hurrah ! The rood to the beach you con afford. 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, is built. _ Pleose Book Eorly i EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX Facing sea; lounges and dining-room (seat 30). TV: part central heated: free Tel. : STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 Write or 'phone to : car paric : large garden. Mrs. MARGOT SMITH, Cobles : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE Renowned cuisine. Dance bond PROPRIETOR : J. a j. BARON, A.T.A.I. for Festivals and season. 10/12 Herbert Rood, SPECIAL REDUCED WINTER TERMS Bournemouth West ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE Book earlr for rour Easter and Sumaaer _ 'Phone : Westbourne 64176 MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRAOE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL « HOLIDAYS holidays. ASSOCIATION MR. « MRS. H. SCHREIBER Page 16 AJR INFORMATION March, 1962 NEWS ABOUT ISRAEL RELATIONS WITH GERMANY There has been extensive comment in the Ger­ DEVALUATION OF CURRENCY man Press about the new Israeli regulations about ISRAELI IMMIGRATION cultural relations with Germanv (cf. last issue of On February 9th the value of the Israeli pound Mr. Moshe Sharett, the former Israeli Prime AJR Informaiion). The general view was that the was reduced from 4s. sterling to 2s. 4d. Announc­ directives did no more than confirm existing condi­ ing this devaluation Mr. Levi Eshkol, the Minister Minister, during a flying visit to London addressed Joint Palestine Appeal workers. tions and that nothing at all had changed. The of Finance, said this step was aimed at facilitating absence of diplomatic relations between Israel and Israel's association with the European Common He spoke of the " two streams of immigration Germany was one of the reasons that relations Market. converging on Israel. . . . Our people are once between the two countries had not been normalised again on the go, but no longer drifting aimlessly ". in fields other than those of cultural relations. VSJi. RESEARCH GRANT There was, he said, still a vast reservoir of The independent Koelner Siadi-Anzeiger stated The U.S.A. Department of Agriculture is Jewish manpower impatient to get out from bond­ age towards salvation. that Germans had no right to complain of Israel's extending a grant amounting to S82,50O to an attitude. Germany's debt could not be paid back Israeli scientist. Dr. Dov KoUer, to conduct a five- " What we are facing today is a phenomenon in Jewish history that can only be described as the by money, and repentant speeches were not enough. year study of the physiology of perennial pasture It was time for deeds, to show the people of grasses. Dr. Koller, who is a botanist at the liauidation of whole Jewish communities. It is nothing less than that", Mr. Sharett stated.—(J.C.) Israel how the Germans felt about German-Jewish Hebrew University, will conduct his research in problems. The first such deed should be tbe the Negev and in other arid areas of Israel.— DIPLOMATIC RABBI establishment of diplomatic relations. As long (J.C.) as this step was not taken, one could not speak Rabbi Bernard Casper, formerly a rabbi in of an improvement oi deterioration in tbe relations CHAGALL WINDOWS CONSECRATED Manchester and at the Western Synagogue in between Israel and Germany.—(J.C.) Marc Chagall's twelve stained-glass windows in London, has been appointed Israeli Consul- the new Hadassab hospital synagogue in Jerusalem General in Bombay. He was Dean of Students GERMAN-ISRAEL LEAGUE were consecrated in the presence of the artist. at the Hebrew University. The windows depict the twelve tribes of Israel. This is the first time that a rabbi has been given The formation of a German-Israel League has Chagall has suggested to the management of a diplomatic post by the Israeli Ministry for been postponed because the present relation­ Hadassah tbat he should be allowed to design the Foreign Affairs. It is hoped that the Indian ship between the two countries is not thought Ark and seats for the congregation. He dis­ Government (which still does not formally recog­ to favour the realisation of such a project approves of the proposed furnishings for the nise Israel) will not long delay normalising rela­ This news follows the Israeli regulations on synagogue.—(J.C.) tions and exchanging diplomats.—(J.C.) cultural relations with Germany.—(J.C.)

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