hal of MINNIP
RECORDING a THE · ELECTIRICAIJ EtA VOL. XXXV WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER, 1936 NO. 9
WHO OWNS THE LAND? A A A
Planned Protection
A sure sign of the revival of business and the return of employment is seen in the interest shown by the local unions in group life insur- ance protection.
Some locals--"sold" on the idea and covered by a policy for some time-were obliged to drop their policy when times were bad and jobs were scarce, and are now making inquiries as to renewals.
Other locals never enjoyed the protection of a group life insurance policy-perhaps because some one individual blocked the plan--but are now looking into it seriously.
There are many arguments in favor of a co-operative arrangement such as this. It substitutes for the old "pass-the-hat" method of meet- ing the death of a brother, a new up-to-date benefit arranged and paid for by the members while they live. In other words it is "planned protection"-protection for those left behind to mourn the member's death, planned for by the member himself to meet the situation when- ever it should arise.
Co-operation of all the members makes a group life insurance policy possible-something which no member can do for himself alone, but which he and the others can combine to do for all.
The cost is another important feature, because an average premium is charged. Occasionally a very young nmember finds it is not much cheaper for him than individual insurance, and therefore he blocks the plan for all the others. We would like to remind him what the older members have done in days gone by to pave the way for his enjoyment of improved wages, hours, and working conditions. Surely he should co-operate if at all possible in "planned protection," thus increasing his own estate at comparatively small cost. Many Locals are considering this "Planned Protection" now. Why not put it across in your Local for the benefit of all?
Union Cooperative Insurance Association (A legal reserve life insurance company) 1200 Fiftenth Stret, N. W. Washington, D. C.
V V V ______I A I I.
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE Magazine Chat INTERNATIONAL Editors of labor publications appear to have appreciated greatly our article in the July ELECTRICAL WORKERS AND OPERATORS number entitled "Ye Labor Edi- PUBLISTBIED MONTHLY or Performs Many Jobs." This is a re Jew of the work of weekly labr publications andi it was C. M. BUGNIAZET, Editor, 1200 15th1 Street N. W., Washington, D. C. widelIyrpitd
This Journal wil not he held responsible for views expressed by The Sioux City Union Advo- correspondents. cate points a vigorous moral. The first of each month is the c..losing date; all copy must be in our It declares "Too few of our union hands on or before. leaders and membaers realize the hard sledding faced by a publicatin that represents EXECUrIVE OFFICERS Railroads C. J. MCLOG^N their interests. Brenrr Arcade. St. Paul, Minn. Some are aI International President, ) w. TRACY ways ready to make that going 1200 35th St., N. W., Washington, INTERNATIONAL harder and too few are willing D. C. EXECUTIIE COUNCIL to make it easier." Then the International Secretary, G. M. Buc- (CAS MI. PNUL~~N, Chi'as.n editor goes on t point out that NIACT, 1200 15th St., N. W., Wash- 4919 Cuyler Ave., Chicago, Ill. unions usuailly appreciatet their ington, D. C. First District G.. W. llbon i weekly paper when they are up International Treasurer. W. A. HoCAN. 1517 Third Ave, New York, N. Y. against a stiff fight but after it 647 South Sixth Ave.. Mt. Vernon, Second District F. L. KELEy is over they forget its seriee. N.Y. 95 Beacon St., Hlyde Park, MIass. Third District M. P. GoRDAN VICE PRESIDENTS 2104 Law and Finance Bldg., Then comes this smashing 429 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. observation: '"We hold this to FirstDistrict.. E. IN0Lrs R. R. a, London, Ont., Can. Fourth District EDWARD NOTI;NALCE be true: The mere knowledge 1717 (1 St., N W, Washington, D. C. that a medium of publicity Second Istrlict CAs. KCAv5NY Box 648, Lynn, Mass. Fifth District nIJm F. CAsEY exists tends to hold employers from adopting policies that are Third lDistrict Eow. F. KLomI 5051 Maffitt Ave, St. Louis, Mo. 1200 15th St., N. W., Washington. D.C. Sixth District G. C. GADOTa detrimental to the interests of 1532 No. Boaton St., Tulsa.,,. Okla. their organized employees. Show 'ourth District AirTLn 1tENNETT Box 241, Youngstown, Ohio Seventh District C, F. OLTVER us a city where no local labor 1015 King St., Denver, Col. paper exists and weil show you Fifth District G. X. BiR*nt a weak labor 16 North o20thSt., Birmingham, Ala Eighth District J. L. MCBRIDE movement," 165 James St., Labor Temple, Sixth District MJ.BO BYL Winnipeg, Can. 3920 Lake Shiore Drive. Chicago, Ill. The Washington State Labor TELEIPHONE Seventh Distrit W L. INCRAM OPERATORS' News, the official organ of the 3641 Laughton St.. Fort Worth, Texas DEPARTMENT Seattle Central Labor Council, Eighth District.. H. WV.Bnmt, President ,JULa O'CONNO has recently included an inter- Box 471, Denver, Co. 5 Boylston Place, Boston. Mass. eating department in its pages. Ninth District J SCOTT MILNE Secretary . MARY BRAn¥ This is called the "Northwest Pacific Bldg.. San Franciea, Cal. I 5 BoyIston Place, Boston, Mass. Etectrieal News" and has an exe.llent physical display. It ontains articles of varying pur- Contents part of primary interest to lee- Frontispiece-Types of i. B. E. W. Posters, at World Pewor Conference t icer workers. Status of Labor Unions in War Time ... . Iow Mr. "You" Is Affected By Secrity ... . 'Nine Old Men in Black Robes" ...... We call attention to a draw- Local E.xeutive Views C. 1. O. at Work. ing in this month's issue by the IndustrialI-Craft Viewed From Abroad .... Shift in Land Ownership Recordd ..... laughter of Pat King. one of Labor Sits on Franc's Bank Council . ... our valued contributors. Here Housing As Three-Way Goal Stressed .... is another itistance where the Marifime Electricians Respond to Uinion.. daughter of a labor leader dis- Fred. You Also Hiare Need to Live. Public Ownership Men Meel at Springfield plays considerable artistic I nfold Craphic Exhibit of 'o.rr. power. Courts For Wage-Earners Loom..... Art has trem.endous comer- Railroad Men Will Troop [o Dallas. Refrileration in Air (Conditioning ... cia value in every department Editorials ...... of industry todday Automo- Woman's Work ...... biles do not sell unless they are Correspondlence beautiful. Labor should realize ('arlo.on--'Knck, Knock Upon the Dnor of Jus ice" Electrification--12,0 Miles of Track Ready for Change this and value highly the young In Memorilam artists coming on capable of il II Lomal Union 01ficial lteeipl. interpreting the labor movement.
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'1111',tiC Pi,.ctr AI'-1pparhl ilt i"',IdI I'o,&XFr< 1itj,..U Pitylh.,.h Iirrt itt >.i40ht* (4. Iflii, l ! l THE JOURNAL OF ELECTRICALWORKERS &OP[RATORS Official Publication of the Inlernalional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 4 Enteud at \Va inJton D,D C $Cond Clss Matut cc for nariling ,t.epn s.pel talo pestle Flro- aided for in Serrcn [03 A t October 3. 197 hori2d March 2u 12.I12 SINGLE COPIES. 20 CENFS $200 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE
VOL. XXXV WASHINGTON. D. C., SEPTEMBER, 1936 NO. 9 Status of Labor Unions in War Time
T is now 17 years since America me Power to Fix Wages biilzed for the great push in Europe. A new generation has arrived on the Did war managers learn how It will be ncted that Bill 1717 proposes scene with hardly a memory of tihe alas- completely to dominate situation to give the President power to fix prieeu and wages and that Bill 1722 creates a trophe. There has been surprisingly for future tests? Is future plan little examination of that period in its war inance .corporation with a capital relationship to labor. anid such an exani more complete? No strong war stock of $500,000,000. nation of course may trn up ore of great party in U.S. The report of this committee probably value. is more significant because it represents During the period from 1917 to the opposition not only to the War T)epart close of the war, labor and labor unions enlt's plan but ielalaps to the adiminis tlation itself. Sometnies it is well to co-operated fully with the American parerd under the chairmanship of Gerald go to the opposition when one wants to government. This was larKely volun- K.Nye of North D)akota, which has vital tary co operatio see the full outlints of any given pro because the leaders of significance for labor unions. This bul- the labor movement were con.inced of poseal. However, it hould be said that letin examines the proposals of the Ulited the justice of the cause of the Allies. war is a mass effrll utilizing whole Labor has alvays considered that it States War Department as expressed ill iopulations aniCd is in the large a matter non-political profited from the war. It, in company Bills S. 1716 1722 relating to industrial and non-.artisan with other sections of the nation, calried mobil zaf in i w ime. These bills 1. Tile reolpor of the eoilrniitee if Iper- the illusion of prosperity, and moved presented by the War Departnient are merted by a strong feeling for demo- exhilaratingly. on the whole, to the con ,escri.. bd. cratic vainlues., respect for orgnized labor and an aversion to .of1it~eeing. Tihe filet. Depite ithis fact, there has been "S, 1716 7lt Cong. 1st sess.) is a comlittee does nobi,t beit that prihofiteel a great deal of disillusionment not only hill to ~reate a capital-issues connittee. in the ranks of labor hut ig can be cli iniiatletid in time of wal. in the ranks of "S. 1717 is a bill giving the President other sections of the community about The committee states: ootilol o-er industlry, the power to fix war in genrah. "There are two reasnn for belieing pliees and wages, estahlish prioities of that even tt')rtically full Iorw es ti mnanufacIture - War Is Economic ani distribution, to p1u eliminate profiteer rig actually would not chase and sell any poducts, to requi be used for this purpose. (1) Industry. Labor knows that war has a slern sition any liproducts, to iceusc produe- throLgh its control o er production. can, economic foundalion There is little [ion, sale, and disililchio, to regulate rike against the go.ern menit whichis, doubt that many of thie econonic prolb- speculation and profiteering, and to sus ii fact. in no position to conmandeer lems of the dlp l:ess ion--hich is a iiid jipend laws. any industry or plant, and thus force of war-can be traedCto war deAts and "S. 1718 aihhorizes thO President to compliance with its wishes in regard to it is surely true tihat every cnn,,ioi ake over any personal or real property prices anl contracts. (2) The control tendency was greatly accentuated by thlie aind to sell it. agencies nust necessarily be adminis- war. The charge that the American "S. 1719 is a bill to establish a marine tered by men wio are industrially trained government is greatly in debt would fial war-risk insurance bureau. and presumnably sympathetic to private to the ground as inanely trivial if three- "S. 1720 is a bill authorizing an ad- iniusty's contenionis. t fourths of this debt had not been con- liiinistration of war trade wi h power to "The committee notes the Iestimonly tracted in oideCr t fighi German, y. The control expuots and imports, secuire their of the War D epartmentreplesenlative five or six billion dcllars spent for reief distrihution,. provide for ocean trans- that he did not 'know how to take the during the period of the depression looks prta ion,t etc,. profits out of war and get tile material like a bagatelle compapredi with the 25 or "S. 121 i a universal draft bill for we have to get.'" 30 billion spent for war preparations. all male citizens above the age of I8, The committece goe on to dclare: Thinking labor men alo knowI thai much p oviding that all perons registered "The committee finds that this bill of the hostility by the economic groups shall remain subject to induction into (S. 1719) would give the Preident the at this peiod has been accentuated by the public armed force of the United ipower to fix wages throu.ghout thle cun- the factI that someolxdy must pay this States, and placing under military law try aind that suCh fiirig of wages could var debt Labor hhas coe to believe that all persons wio are called during and Iot, in fact, b1 ac:onlianiedl by epitlly it must dii lie payigz as wel I as fighting. also six iihonis after thie e,,eienrcy, sucessfuil limitation (If pi iee or profit, Labor uaw the gains il membersbip that making all citizens over 18 liable to and that, in effec. the eniployees under it made during the war period disapp.ear ,sericein the aried forces, deferring this bill and under S. 1i721t, taken to- almost ovrmight, and it felt the stern iabiiit- to legislative and judicial offi- gether. xwould siffer unequally as atasint impact of an (Lpen sbop dlive sbortly cusi d rdtrin other publit oflices, giv- oe nors and nianalagemenltq after tie confl:t irsed. And so laber 17w- courC I' a iCel Ioncurert jurisdictin The c',n1nlittI e fee!gt hat labor mrro - is in the im.. oo. today to e-txantune thaIt to tryIC CgiralntS failing to report hi ae going iLofaII balv ini the iext wai perid. of pCreparatioin and expeiilitue They , isualize a set-uI bas,,d Liit.Ch ibeb. in itsi relai, ,hip to possile future ";S. 1722 i a hill I ri-aiig , Ii ....-.an jiTing of it.-e bills. w hih, o, Irit en,1tualiti,• l I[ IlrlIatii Ii'v IC .apILaI s1o1I of, $500, Iook towardlr unary I itn if There is lt Itha.i[ a IC Lj i t (I sia l I00,0U00 authorized it, issue bnds Lup to alboi but toward coercioSn based uo13 a com.nittee iii the [lidtei Stales Senate $3,U)00i0,O0.000, to extrlid loans to banks olicy "either to work or fight Ir stalve. known as,,I Reprt No. 944. Part 4, pre- to fionce war needs,'' etc. It goes on to point out that the proposed The Journal of Electrical Wiorkers and Operators September, 1936
industrial mobilization plan sets up a higher wvzaes, is the power to bliak important dIcpartments exist to serve controller general of labor. The import- strikes. This can also be done through particular classes both in peace and war. ant fact about this officer is that he is the use of military force in remoning It would be unfair to expect them to not to be a labor man but "an outstand- the spokesman from the pIant invoulved exer'cise elnergency restrictive control ing industrial leader." " .Moreover,'the to other plants or ilto active service over the people they were created to committee goes on to say, "the war indus- or cutting off the food rllwownees of all serve."' Thu eomlnittee argument points tries administration does not provide for strikers." out that the war labor board would be any labor representation at all except The committee i, Ilamvs thaill i I1721 entirely in the hands of industrialists, on an advisory counli whice has niither can enable the go .elinent to opiate nlt labor,net. What the committee saees authority nor actual responsbiity." in,,dustrial planr by menn uniform. or is a draft of labor, not merely a draft of vice versa, the War Department call take soldiers. Labor Unions Nullified the men from any plant en masse and The conml.Mttee goes on to interpret the Another startling feact revealed by the put them into military er ice., The Army bills and points out that employers committee is that the military force does .aromittee believes this military control who wish to raise wages by agreement not have merely control over soldiers hut of labor would be unconstitutional and with unions could be prevented from has military control over the entire male Ihey foresee that an unscrupulous presi- doing so by tile War Department on the population continuously andi the commit- dent could perpetuate his dictatorial war grounds of "unethical competition." tee visualizes the shifting of men at will control over the nation during a long Moreover, theil Industrial Mobilization from industry to industry and from state period following the actual hostilities. PlaI declares for the abolishment of "all restrictie regulations not having to state by the military, to make them All Labor Functions Usurped work at will, under penalty of being cut the force of law which unreasonably off from food, fuel and the other neces- Continuing to describe the control of limit production." This, no doubt, is a sities of life. In short, under such a labor and labor unions by the War De- blow at labor union agreements. system labor unions would find it in- partment in time of war, the committee The report of the committee goes on possible to preserve themselves as en- quotes sections of the bills to prove that to say that wages during the conflict of tities. Moreover, the committee finds that such agencies as the United States D)e- 1918 did not go up very rapidly. In a workman ,cannot 'reyfue r l ,nypenlt partment of Labor would be practically 1914 the committee lists eal wages at in private industry under conditions or abolished in so far as relatiunsbips with the index 100. In 1918 they list the wages which do not satisfy his needs. labor go. The War Department would index of real earnings at 104, not a Then comes the smnashing climax of take over all the peace-time functions of great increase when copared to war this indictment of the industry nobhili- labor agencies. The placement of workers proflts. The committee also foresees a zation plan: in jobs and the conciliation of industrial tremenndous increase in the power of "The power to cali into military .r- disputes would be handled by the War industrialists during a war period. It vice any union or other representative s IDepartment. The War Department is believes that industry can go on a strike of labor who become spokesman for iquite frank abont this, it seems, and one where labor can't. It illustrates this other employees ill attempts to secure of the bills states: "Several of the more I iantuli.ed oil pag e ot4
Cl,,\ 1 it I ! ri hl n for WS,,r.nlt MT.Fil ,r ;q .... "Ihp d.]i olll I for Va., September, 1936 The Journal of Electrical Workers anrd Operators 365 I How Mr. "You" is Affected by Security By JOHNG. WINANT, Chairman Socit •curtly Board
YEAR ago the President of thle get a clearer understanding of the ob- Distinguished leader of Social jectives sought in relation to the par- A bnitedSecurity StatesAtl, whbigned pmlovidesthe Sttial aid ticular legislation enacted, it may he well for the n, edy and depn.endut and plo- Security Administration reviews to suggest certain underlying principles totlion againist the lurdlsha of ,inempi.y- first year's accomplishment, calls and factual information that motivated merit and old alig. Bulh H oUs.. of (.o.- Act "Most humane document writ- those responsible for the development of gress had ,assei this measuTurc b visv- the Social Security Act. whelming njorities. The wiin ti, ten into law in this century." Tile ends sought under this measure House was 37i for passage an.i. against passage. The vote il, thL Senate was 77 IIonlinl_____on imnZ, 397i for passage ani six against Ipassge. Thirteen e cists voted against tile Act in the House and one agairst it i the Senlte, r.e.. t.ha. three tin,, as THE AMERICAN PEOPLE- many RIepubliiia i, Congress votel fm the Social Seciiity AL as vAoted IilLt HOW THEY ARE AFFECTED it. It was viewed a;s a ri.i..-paittnan human. a.I Lii .mei.ste BY THE FEDERAL-STATE Prior to tile introduetbio of lisi legis- lation in Congress, a committeel et a/- PROGRAM FOR SOCIAL SECURITY nominc security. a ppoinrted by the Pres i- uent, surveyed the subjict. The .tni niltter was assiled by a sta,t of cxhrmts and by II ad4isl'yLiif goups mre than 100 persons; these .l. uidd eloifmist,, experts io social scin..e ad(] scial itn suranice, and men tralind ii gi.ei...i..itilei and business, i offre wl , selecte on the basis of cornlpetnee1 [11(1wlthout regard to pitical aliliaios. This group spent six ns explrhg this field of human lced. Btfofre the lMla MA measure was irep, tdi I)ut. LI, ailikig commnittees of (.ogFe's.. til, Way ad nleaiS corumittet of Ih House, arid fnance eemmittee inI the Snate,, had 111 Hl this legisl atio n vi'ollsjdclat1til for over four months. Th, reports of these hearings ontain a eom/bined total of some 2,500 prilied pages. Civil Serv{ic Reidne Tile administratin of th, najor pr,, - visions of the [lt is vested by hlw in 1 board of th.re...i Icl.s.. Not more than two of theneeli..s oif tihe lbuard. i ay he members of the sa me piitiical party. 0 Tile members appinted to, thle board Ir mequired confi ration by the Senate. GAINFULLY OCCUPIED NOT GAINFULLY CHILDREN Appointments made by th, board .are OCCUPIED ,ubjeet to civi-servlie a. l.awy ei 38 rn'don mn 5 mliho, me" 19 millin boys and experts are excepted, but tunder the Ii mlion women 31 mnhion won.a $9 mil nio r I practice of tile hboard, lawyerls are e iti- fled by the Civil Servie Co(mm issm, anid Eligible for: Eligible for:* Eligible for.* the Civil Service Clnilssion, passes on hoth positions of experts and the indi- I Federal Old-Age Aid to the Needy AId L. Dependent idalais appointed to fill such piosiions. ~eb~rerment B~nefts. l Aged Children As of July I, ther, were 971 persons Z Unemployment Corm 2 Aid to the Needy 2 Maternal and Child working for the bola, Of this wunbe',, ~en slion Bhnd Health Service, 810 have been taken floa civil servie, 3 Maternal and Child 3 Maternal and Child 3 Service to Crippled lists, and the others have hbee qualifiled Realih Services Health Services Chdldren as experts or attorneys by the Civil Ser- 4 Public Health Ser- 4 Public Health Ser- 4 Child Wefafre Scr- vice Conmission. All salaries are ap- vices proved by the Civii Servic Comnmisson. 5 Voc aloon*a Qhehili- 9 Vo aional Rehabihi- 5 Publi Health Ser- All initial salaries are lixed by the Civil tation tabion vice Service Colilnis8ison. incrases in ihsalary must conform t the Classification Act. A small exempted fund has been used to Sou~Cir LOJO CEuiNU employ a single c:tuary of high standing. Thhere atr those, who have criticiedl iREsAPED ,BY leOsMAlioNAL SERViO, SOCAl( SECIiTYl BOARO, WAlfIrfot, .Ci I o... BLaE IT iEllOErAIn this Act. Tbat hasb.een true of all .i.i sT..l.. . social-welfare legislation. I, ordcr to 36( The Jour,' o/ Etrctricoi IWor:c(r;Iiad Operators Septenmber, 1936 "Nine Old Men in BlackRobes" BI DUNCAN MACKENZIE
· 4 HI'S C(onstitutioin...... d Itin Ltiw , lre nuilul irvLnties and Cardozo, base Lieir repl taii0 as lawyers chifily upon TtheUnitedl States wfihsai heil b Why do majority opinions of made in pursuane thereof . . practice of this type. Of these seven. shall be the supreme law of the nlab' the U. S. Supreme Court generally three (Van Decanter, Sutherland, and So says the sixth artile, paragraph 2, favor the "vested interests?" is Butler) represented railroads, ranching, of our Constitution,. the answer to be found in the real esta e, izhing, aid utility companies Nile ner thi Jultiets of the Si- in the raw West of the I 8i80's and 90's, Iprme Court of the Initedil States "bac!kground" of the justices? when business success for corporations have the final say as to what theCop All "corporation lawyers," with of this type meant freedom from regu- stitution really eans. alnl wt hieri on( possible exception. latin.s, secret rate pools and rebates, law is really "iill pursuane, tlirof" aInd land grabbing, and the wangling of agreeable thereto. When these ni/e favoraile franchises,. men have to make up heir minds oni Two of these (Van Devanter and some case, some of the things that cotlu angry, bhecluse his views' were 'un- Sutherland) were loyal and active mere are their upbringing, their past associa- hers of the leading political party in tions, their way of looking at lile we their states--a politicl party vhich may call it their personaity. or their Practically All "Corporalion Lawyers" mud not hyve been "leading" if it had charatelr, or their philosophy. ?ot in ll* l heetn "loyal' to the inle'ests This would not be a tactful thing to The min i thing is that there does ,hich hlid tih ,nmoneybags. They were say to a judge or to a lawyer, because seem to be such a thing as a pioItt of both rewarded with political offices in it means that the persons. eiews of the ,i e, een along Snpreine (ourt Jus- their states and in the nation, and to court enter into its decisions. ties; an id that poin of view is related them, so far as political service goes, Yet it is not such a blasphenmus thing to the facts in (ihci ru.t. Let us state must be added a third, Charles Evans as conservative tiinkers would have us these facts briefly, before looking at lughes. We might make a fourth of believe. The eonservative interests each one of the Justices separately. Roberts, btcause of his early connection themselves, when Justice Sutherland All of the Justices--including Bran- with Philadelphia's city government. was ominated, rejoiced be ause his deis and probably CardozO to a leasar Several of these four have held direc- "views' were "sunl';" but when Justice extent--have been "corpfration law- toirships or othar offices in large corpora- Brandeis was nominllted, they were yurs."' Seven of them, however it(e tins whose activities are subject to the
NINI M'IA MNN IN IILAIl!K JI Il'S I.nts rh <,( rhu \I,.f mh,,q t the S'H'r, e ('(firtClet Sua..i...g. l ,hi l, rIIgi - s IB,>lrlN , hi1thr. St, . t'ldl{do)o S, d ;Id JutitIes Ilraml~~bs.Valll~evanllr, ~]g r] lplm11,d and4 IInIh.,IhH1. September, 1926 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 367
very regulation which they as moved toI(heyenne in 1884, when members of the Supreme Court are Wyoming was still a territory- supposed to pass on, and among and a wild and wooly western tCr- this group we again find Roberts. ritory at that-and when the Re- Only one Brandeli- was ever publican ".machine'of the state what might be called an active was litelaly owned by the rail- liberal, although two other roads and big cattle and sheep (Hughes and Roberts) led isolated moguls.,,,gul,. ."cruades"--againstthe gas aid He climbed the political ladder insurance companies in New York. rung by rung. beginning as city amil against the oil-stealers o( ihe attorney, going on to mnebership Harding period. Only one-Car- in a law-revising coalmission, to 1o2n--is a legal scholar of the eri the territorial legislature. to the first rank. teririorial anid eventually the st a: Now let us consider each one .f sliprome coilt. the justices separately. He resinatl to returtn to plivate This Is the Chief Justice practice, but r'mnai ned active ini Repuh iteal ".maehine" poliicls, We begin with Hughes, ;he serving on lie Repulhhian stae Chief Justice, appointed to that tomni tt¢c, andll the Repubhiian, position in 1930, but still tile national committee. earliest appointee now on the The Iaxyet in Wyvonming in lhe bench because he first joined the 1880', and 1 l90'slad two hich court as an Associate Justice in fields in clihto mlake a big su- 1910. Born in New Yoik. he wa, ee&~ an 1 becoreo popular with 48 years old at his first appoint puwerful 'people: Cases arising nut ment, 68 at his second. of land law. and railroad case He is a Republican, and in New and the tw. werei(lselye onnectel. York his party is the patty of the The ioads pushing , conservatives (consider, for ev- (diing riMlh cs out from their ample, the struggles that ile main e andd. engaging i Democratic governors like L- - cut-throiat conpetit in or uinder- man have had over their program. JOHN MAIRSIIATI. cover o ellsaherotin. needed the of labor and social legislation] lie tl ui1r Ž.cI. servics of able lawyers. They As a Republican acceptable to his speculated ill lands given them by party organization, heIi was once Senator Nrris' Comment on Hughes th, tate or by the nation, and so came nated to the Imayoralty of New Yurk into contact with great land grabbing Senator Norris gave out to the i,, City, twice elected governor of the stale. ranching companies anxious to have the a list of 54 cases in whih dluring th, nominated for the Presidency, and ap- best land, the iand most convenient to years 1925-0 alone-Mr. Hughes .had pointed Secretary of State by Harding. rail'oad faciities, and land controiling represented great corporations wkh.i- ihe scattered water-holes As a lawyer, his practie w-a largely absolutely affairs imight later come before him n necessary to lhe cattleraising business. in behalf of great corporations; and the bench Included were the Viet.. Young la.. er Van Decanter rep-- upon his nomination to the SuprmeI Talking Machine Co. soon toIe swal- tuted bioth kinds of organized wealth; Court in 1930, he was opposed by most lowed up by RCAL, the Beech-Nut IPak- his political Jiarl'ena were Senators Fran- of the "progressive" Senators: Norris. ing Co., tile Thompson-Starrett Co.. Swift is E. Warren anl Clarence D. Clark, Borah, Brookhart, Cnsrs, Walsh of & Co. (once thought of as p/art of the "Beef to extreraie eonolrtnie reactionaries, antl Montana, Nye. La Follette, among other. Trust'"), and Geneia Electric. I i(.,otiaLg ... ,do All this idi Senatr Norris to sa. during the conblmation debates, thae men. "whether on or off the benrh ar hunan, and i is only notrld t.tth,r r(ll ha'c ahIoyn bee, stri'ing po)tfu ¢ ibdt..ly and g.-ct e¢mbinalins, souhld be ecI... I ,,l I o in i icldbl I(r oH leas , pariirtll e, n, oie b sm1y otss. lo C io n$2s However. Justice HIughesY fame also rests in part on certain reform activi- ties which date back as far as 1905. He ,onducted two effectlve "'nuckrakin' investigations for the New York legis- lature, one into the gas industry, an other into the insurance company la]- practices. The evils he unearthed there were so enormlouls that iot even tilhe most hard eoiled conservative bnsincss li(!n would defend them, and his efforts in these affairs are not of the typle whiicl by themuslve s entitle the Chief Justice to the title of "'liberal." A Justice from Wyoming Next comes Willis Van Devanter, ap- rI., e," rwln pointed in the same year as Chief Justice hIIrrL~ aud ElRl, PiESItDEFN'T LINCOLN Hughes, 1910, at the age of 51, and now, JUSTI(E HOLMEST lie resMi.peI therefore, 77. Bon in Indiana, he ieo dilsacIuted. 36S The ,ot; i E!/rIt /Ii , it(tt U il( Ai e tIi,t Opu(itcoal ;b Septfmbcrl3t; Local Executive Views C. I. O. at Work By WILLIAM BEEDIE L. U. B100 New Yorb C'i
OW that the s IlIunIEa nd..I e, , ~~~I I, I,1 , I /,I ! [q. It. XW , o'dtell t-tI wit l1th- Ut. 1 Am an agement in New N ullnultl, thpe ~ r[~1e5 ajid,~ Realistic picture as to what investigttilsh , "I..partiad fib Yoei;k ity, bittha- piiiit... firi" ral ti enlort tienlt 1i radicald int> happens when duailsm operates. rent ubs and ihe ill..... al beIl. fic ions al"thcud Jicis*.d,L }.. L.ew'is , J., L, Lex-,is ae Ve. i is tiing t, tiler apoliparle in fnulen i it) aobheesp analyze andi uliprais. ilt, ie (it strike Ih i~rklsti-: was lronitied }intio Ie! ..It' ei carini:Tee union. thai . ( . artier Radrio Ini at Corlmoration f Amitiha imanu A had just annou..e.ll a vatatif.n plan. faeturing plant at (fairden. N. ]. that thewrages and.eIe h.ora high The strike was sn. by ltil Men Filter Back abeuve itha averaae of the.n.n]etitime inited Electrical inl WokerlS iadi of ladio nianufactaring ilidutry. a{iih 'uileitlece aftr fuitile eotitel \iuerilc the, st!tssiniiist anId dual Iat- The L. IE. R. W. unil was di liiuiced n idterIicas until t.n. bate the inex I iut] union fo r.il.i iil Marh of this by thile A. . of . as outlaw, therefore ie.tIe. yIrngad leades Of thi 1'. K. yarh b y Oyme fdela/ bIlal, of tih A. without supprt from the bouna-fide I. W.'ealizi-c that Gtmi. H. Johnson bad F' of L. IIwhore used I Iiccpt the ]alitrh mtveernent, its leaders oting antid no authority lo lbinl or take any ofllicial derision of the exeruillr eoreii of ausoilitelynr inexperftncecl in labor war- a tkin, rotothe It. C . anagenent. By the A., F. of I., reihld without a iii- fare. eotinqmsedof a polygiot mixture of the end of III se d week apiroxi rlting volte, that fet.JIL.i tlil, lotcals ('..ml.unis. s and anibiti ou. self-seekers. mataly 7.i11b workI..,rs of the 8.0410 wh. transfer Ilrninat into the ilinni Brither- with no i nanei al treasury or organized wenIt tll wer. back at work. ,..d of Electrial\X'rkers underguar- disciplianed membership;wih suh a To uphledd their prestigei for mitancy itites of local alti.nioiiy ll.,w d.es, and lint-up of oppoitslig forces it x as obv iou andl in ,asperation to rally theilr routl icntinuing indlrhdiitl sit-li af tile radio that a diisastrou debacle fa-,ed the rank foe.It (iln I Itlt of vIfblo..(eI Wa. n ocals. and file workers. terId into. A ampmlan stupid in ils Following ipon the e al of the Demands for a 20 per cent incrase in tni-i-pllbon, tea 'le tI IIt eflectie and federal radio p locals, half dtize in wages for day workers ani,,0 per cent ilt sole elect wits toII turn tie local ulnuber, and with lia ellxceIirI of the for night workers. 35-hour weck, a closed Ilpuli i tisl pathy aainst thle iiki. Philco P'hiladelphia lm! (whose .Inte. shop written agreementI 'ith the lceco In thie third week of the slrike Powers llenTl as neolialtl. wiltten and oh nitiIn of the U. E. R. W, as the so, bar- ]lHajgoIld, finl'n expelled Imber Iof mialned by the A. F. .f L. I weatl in illnl- gaining agencry or thee Wtswoil t Tlh, tnitedMhine Worlrs, now tagati.zi etieal strength and wcnker h anial served on the . (C. A. maageIent.. for tilh C. I. O., airrvil, in a('ni.ea It trelnitth these fedltal radijlohals '[hli R ..A i.anageneit replied with alIgt'd wxith soI-catlltJ indepenident an raer tII hili an lectimon inder Ihi Attliipitn( g to ot'ganizity mass plckkt uninls originally organized ulnufe the N. It. 1. B. to determine the iro)lI of llpyard workelrs Iroh thei nldepn itial uniI. polb f t ii. 7lil'Tde, niUn agerie- to pleererni the emlphiyees. td.et indidLtal anion in tihe (amdeun sibil ity lIague. ((enroLthiSp arty.) \While nego tii on ee still prc,eed.t, yards, the iionm h leaded,by J. Green an.I The indpendllpent tiin cr.nsistl of igm hle IU E IE} . . without no.ib.-,, :nl P. VaTn Glder. loth militant socialist 'apel organiataion lin}ir{h *lnnlitirki unde IIte advice of militant is ,r Ilders,. Hapiood was arrestI. ed for in nnloeeltt' " leadership anid bI thship yard workers, rals, i li new izul.il taN.lliiwe board workelm oul o a force.If oovrre 100i0 which culminmtedl in ltIe mst serilus I iot ,,f ilhe dluall national lniol }lltinJg a ifre- wVereout. The R. C. A. .coiiany cllel ii tihe history of Camden andl which had }anTlderanlt 1Iajority Oil ',,ttinipedii, nts?' in; Geo. f. Johnnon as its labor liviel .for its purpise th i suttling blown of the Thus wasL born hle ITndt.al Riadio anl and the I.E. R, W. union not toi be nut R C. A. plaint ly force and bloodshed in ectrieal Workera s ir,..,I, clai ing jIris- dine in this day of outside labor Iid ,l'r I, llhave the federal government diction over radio, t Irtl iil and man- visors, eafled in d. . Low is of the C. 1. (. mtll.iv.ne,. the net result of the riot was facturing and allebd partsI Tile (O..n.u.ni.t party cinvention in Ihat more strikers reported bafi to Advised by outside ladcal and liberal Ncw York (ityv was in seasinn ard a work. tactician inypi-rd nsd II nat.eurisi platform report was given out the R. [ Desperateapelt S frl mioral and finn ,nthusiastic young tadeIs,lh e spurious A. stiike. hial support were made to the A. F. of I.. tIlbni,. alxious isteast ilellmhers/ p t, An enthusiastic telegram wa s , niions, central labor bodies and state adni to obtain eontlrae S to tonvinee the flt-on the (onil.unionset ionenita th, federations; at the sametime the U. E. :abll iloIvemnent that tiex had organizing R. C. A. strike ommnittee antd to Ah{,, I!. W. were issuing leaflets and ires genius and that they ,,et justified in the sriikers that the labor nioremen el eases denouncin g the A. F. of L anI the A. I., ~earinr F. .f selected the WaS solidly in supprmt the telegram was cusi fial the A. 1. of L. as betrayring R 1. A. of Camdn, . J., ,as their first read nt a mass nic, t itle wokers. Fuel Ws supplied the "est of bat]te. strikers' in. '-] Bersing, strike leader and eecu eI.. n. if thi Ui. E. R. W. whell the R. C. A. employs] (l workers. tiIve board mimbe r of the R. C. A. local It. C. A. manarement indicated they R. C. A. the nIost is pwerfui and key union, spoke at the Colaliiuni.st rally ih were willing to ruognnier the poficies radio manufacturing moncrn in the en- Philadelphia and introduce d E.ili Brow. .r the A. F. of t.. tile world. Obviously a ri, h field for der as the eanlidate of the workers adl Faced with the eomphete fail]re of organization reastnII tile United Radio again pledged the full support of the the strike, faced witllh angry inquiries and Electrical Workels of America,. (Olmmullilst party. Not to be outldon, as to support, strike benefits, hail bonds. erganizd March, 1936. one H. Jager of the . L. G,. . of etc.. from the disillusioned strikers, J. Sirong Opponent. Chosen Philadelphia, wired for Norman Thomas i. Lewis, whi had personally iledged to address the strikes. alt the suppoit io the C. i. 0., was im- Thi enthusiastic D)ilvid of the T. . Naturally the R. C. A. company dis portuned to clame to the rescue of the R. W, in deciding to g:ve >attle to the eisedl the i-ed influenes and with}*j U. I. R. .W. Goliath of the radio industry apparently three days approximately 5000 strikers J. L. Lewis ,ame. a coiference with gave no thought fliat R. I. A... ('nmde, were back at work. the ,,alagnen, t was arranged and one alwvaiys open-shop, had .,illans of (Iollars In the first welk J, L. Lewis, aeaon. f Ie most a a zinf union agIeeim lts ill -rxesro$ hadl a ,triilv riyielllnehed paliei hy J. B. Carey. the 23-year old i( nI ila l.I m I, ., OI S eptember, 1936 rThe Journai i .i Eh, ifra I Worker i aod ()pirato IIS 369 Industrial-Craft Viewed From Abroad
T liE secr..tarlat IheIlnt rlnatonal ties of tIre ...I...ittte for industrial Federation of r5a41 I -ni> s has the orgalnizatio. are held to represent, the foliowhig reeelnt coaclni t olnleit ton Principle of decentralization onsttu tlion preyviies for the case to he nLake u!oln ihe phosrts :t Islge In the vs. centralization seen in strug- is;ussedI be lr, the exiuti vi. If the Aeirccan rade. uLoid,,, stat emet. gle. German unions failed by ilneion enTreLmed is fouild guilty, the is isuecd in Englis-h itni I'a, i: mattie*y (a, forgive tile breach IFT1Ti survineyg t ilvle, .... Ihtt too heavy centralization. witl or without .conditions;(hi suspend of organization ii the United Stales the unio, fromn tie Ameieal l Federation n'ade union fl&Aveltlliit fli.. thie begin- Iof abr and from enjoying the benefits ning of this year. whei Ioh iiLewi. of ,la lii [lli l "SiHil r rle not of tihe membership for a d(hfinite or an the United line Workerl, f' Amerlica, }nelinite dilrl lr lr . r,' tian ih evy ll-ru hIi-fo re th, period; (cI) ltialile the unioln for'lled with eleven iotherl UIinIs the in any other way; or (dll. if the action ad'it ll.lli Ii irlil.ll. l "cnmnitteef or indusiOml .i.igriizath}n,' iiiti,d the If the ullnilon has been so seriousthat all it i..S. always lhe bohe il L.iit that esth[lmnt f lassp;.l... illlI"'t}o, ,. relations between it ani the A. F., of L. the struggile here is rinot rmrely for craft ties. They till wih to utilize thei should be severedi, revoe its charter, or industrial uiiionuii as such, hiut ovi:. skill iand (raiuig ald, as l{(y Ililr, use but oly upon inspliteIio.s [l.assed by a and beeond that repIresenti thepoi 0heh aeqLliled skill, genius and training two t, hirds trit of a ,enlielnon of the lon l,etV-eeHl eci- Anielie Clt Federa- t,alization ud de- liiI Of Laor. entraization in geqneal a questkin Upshot Is Split II1 whic(h the last It loks now as if word as, not yet th iate o>se will itelI oaid iil urope., be aldoited. I1 any For ilT urope. i1 eits. Ieiis refused Sex~let Ru sla~.a Lo isso' lye the corn- tre for, in duiistrial cently made. I. in- (hrganlwtiuinh]Whenl lreasing the, In ihe A. F. of I. xe her Ot frillio Uiti decided that a too exagt~erate(l th, inions afiliated pt ralizatlon; Ihe to it nust resign high le~zree of een- fol iheeomnmitte e ,'alizaiion hofI he within 30 lays on unions in (;ernlalav /ii, If expu lsion was one of tl I, from the fLderation. causes ior the I a .k At the presrtn time. o fCfee.ti' l'e s hJ the A. .I of L.. has aince in the dcid i, a x . uI L3,1000,000 WIiovenln iA fii it Ill e n h r sL out of an.tiie dtuIentr which the unions in isic princiile ,hmdhI1 u, the ri'lctittee for has always beer in ilths trial organiza- fo irc in France his tion lover a hout Ip ,ecur-l I I .. i Ielt c,/e L IihigheslL 1i250.U0 At the lIst convention of proved its 'ourk, ani ais ic1' illulmd lit the last longtess (aitho.ugh t. ay there ,alre pssibtL" itheA. i' of k., l sie iortes (hf Lewis is a need for tnlrv centraliatioil,, in 'Th it jitlu t i l tilllu.iiis. l iS tihLe sia(t had 1(I,924 votes .ut, of tlhe 18025 votes view of the inli.nen Il.id utltdel in- ,Iui~Lalde loiai or o~P giatiigitior] Cl.D/ ',lA ol lhe qIIrslion of urganization. .lease in /lolltherhipl. prodlietIalt i.l.L.. tll eseoialy",s. quite American Fasc/ie Described 'ii'iiito, 't th, "I ..... II, O ('aiiilnft i W\illian. Gr"een, jprrsilrdnl of the Aielr- new a' highly -enta]izd indurstil'ts 'ri'e Jnteiinatiml Ft-dtration of Trade (al, Federatio (f Lalr AFI), etalie hlikehill anal ell'e, ,tbeII, tall,iaul[ciaLi- licjns also descihes A.me.ican Fascism. recentiy that the iin is not to day off.. bilt e t¾-, is just Is oli emtKas Ihe fact the craft union aganlst the industrial that thius eIi easily give rise tio his. ate Fascism as a Joint Stock Company in the United States! nionB.or to strelgthle industrial or.t o tl fieldsoi c ultaeletce i ll{a tdelI fart1 us ganization at ti.. e.pellIe ILf craft or hetumn I t, produce suph td hl uculeties in IcLy LolSg. the lat aspirant to dicta- zanizatiin, anbd he ottsser tlhe sI crh a d l-llinIlllI ' a-ra1Li ia Ilfn t ITs II toirhip in thl. Uited Slates, who was policy of the federation hwa,"tfnd the AilIlicnii, ill,',,.I Iii take k II in favor of fIrt'4. deserv"ing famtily pos- and appiy bolt (ire laft ntd industiial s(sshin "noI lss than $5,4000 free of iebti "and IhI wallt cd to solve the Ifor.L. of ui, olisi I all f lai>hit i I heoe idIk, ltas ,e1ih i.,ir. mim lr. OfrlH. irooIt n~ lLiLsccl l hav,11d tanillai r artrivites. as eael etculial -itulati('n att pbk!ciin by thl bahlancing of niay require anid a1 Cil'rllIngtielns will wor k r,,r ii, a lilingliht all en .....l IteL worktul % ehva-rleians. hl/id lir wuokl amicultura]t l pr'oduction with what can ilernmit. On the other band. l.twis has be sohl auid .onsul.ed aIcording to the also miade it heknown that i not op railwrayn.... .tokes, etc., shall beleog to it. Ias,- of God, hiteh have never failed," 1posed' to thle ('raft Lnioa('l i asel} InI pitji- of pi'Lq IIa toiL Yy I c I ;IuIINtL. fell bhir thl bulliet of a man who was hryously pirepared to r.enounce his Dilemma of Crafts Stated wh{!r these, an.i oinah r atLLLe.iaitr w ert aup.b c del. i., aui~eI /nrtn was ct-IlL-hd il, $5,000. Biu the spirit of Hluey Long, Without takring sides on this question tIe n Ieetingaf tie A. F. of L, e , , LI. who I..rou ght exry1hing down to one (since e two illS o' .rganization which h2s ILtw ba-,Il hrd.l, il1] Ih, im- sinlpl,' foirula. still lives on. exist side by sidje in Eulopearn'd have cedhe pravhi-d hy thle c nstitution iii both proved their worthi, it should hie tie feclratier.I ill thereforee take its · ei~qr, · ag. Io; 3·iiIIM, IopI. r e 10.d00d noted that Green has never trit,d to make courIse. In the vae or , brea h (if the %.IIt, , e,ij ! ; OItIie a secret of his leasonus for faxiviinze the rules, which th, fprnmimtin, miid artlvi- 370 Tht Jourrm, of Electrical Workters and Operators September, 1936 Shift in Land Ownership Recorded
HE fact that the farming industry is available i lhe M Itiple Farmns 1nit T showing the same trend as other in- thus list substantially all the owners of dustries is important. There was a Banks, insurance companies large numbers of forms in the corn belt, time when the small, individual land- and land corporations are very and indicate many of the owners o large owner dominated the American scene. in much in the farm business. Old groups of farns in other sections. fact he still does, but a view of American "The number of persons filing ml- farm life would not be complete without day of small farmer fading. tiple alnd-holding reports in 1935. the a picture of what is taking place to.arr type of business in which they engaged mutiple land ownerhip. and the number if farms owned, anti thi During the depression farns have number of their farms under various passed out of the hands of the small. in- means group owners and it also likely types of AAA contracts." dlividual owners into the hands of banks, means a new type of tenant and perhaps It will be noted that the trend ap- insurane companies and land corpora- a new type of farming-faring on a pears to be on the increase inasmuch as ti.ns. Multiple landowners in 1935. a'- wholesale scale of a character a good farms owned by multiple owners in 1914 cording to figures submitted to the U. S. deal like manufacturing. The farms are totalled 97.618 and farms owned by mul- Senate by the Secretary of Agriculture. manufactories. tiple landowners in 1925. 107,579. owned farms amounting to 107.579. This report of the United States See- Here is an important list of multiple This is a rather surprising toal. It retary of Agriulture says: "The records landowner-:
Mutiple Landowners Who Reported 150 or More Firms Under AAA Contract. ii 1934 or 1935, in Order of Number of Corn.- Hog Farm. Reported
plrns reporied Fm.rm reportd arms~·rmv rrprlreor~lM F)Orsur dt'r rcoaractr,-Portr.d undnr eolitr..t ub cloontract ,lu'er eolntract ud er Vtl I T r I'nt, and oddre l# in 1984 in MissY955 inbn '94$ 19 *5 012w, Ir.. i n· C orn- tar mn. "'" ..Other1lliiilb, I"i7$[ n ort0 1 'o t ,o i ' gist.
M4..[ital Itenefi{ Life Tl]]uraoet, <0. Frtarr L Iand 14l; li t . I, ii- IA il In $00Boroadway. Newark, N-. -J- t. L ,iti 1...... 3i*trlpoliton a ifeI nnuran Ice C, t11 Filrst Trlst Co. of Ulio·lLn. Nlir New York, N. Y.------o'b, Ž42 Linielriti. Nhtr...... Jo.1hn Ianooeok Miutl Life Inlour- lOdendinfIONorestes. rter of It 1W ('I. fl oston N ------I,,*L ;1t ilI 7 I.Mao.ill] io ...... I rn..,' li lal lb.nrance Co. of A.me- I¶40 SII T. L..Itrluiat ion C -orp-ratlon,Day 2- a '222 Žt1 1.1$1 ie. Neweik, N .... - -- -t 140 enArt. Tr'ii D. 1:it "I I II1 2"1Isi~ I Northwesterw Mutual tile inanrince h1b oruananago~r(`it (Ioy... i~r'Aei Mo...... all rm tes Co. Co., MilhwtIkte. WFs- I) 2-IO llral'lr I oasurane. Co. lart(orl. ]ineo un (lA-Natio ali Inraair¢ - ...... ------1 1721 ITCo. IFort N1"*lv. ull ...... 247 I It5 li,4lltaoii Life Assurance Saoiety. FPursers & Melli·l.nir Salngs lank New York. N. Y.------2II I t Mlu ila-ali .- Nliii.e.. iils . MTints. SIate Of olSlth Dakota Rural Cropli ii'I W. E OXtryi, reciv . 413 Car,-, IT 0 1{~1l~t B.r.. PierreI , S Dak...... 1 MIT o Ild P.ort , DoIl.., Iowa...... Mnlli Cuitrl Life In.lurance C0. T IIb NaiIn' n4 eT' Co.. 211-213 Iowa 141!7n~4 I I Il 14s!' I)r (rItttlntiatn. OhioI...... "I'll I!,7Si ') Ave.. Muisiatilu.. iowa...... liiltabie Life Insurance C. of Iowa in nli & livvrmnbnt C2o., Sioux 1414 nl U 4 9ilt II Iowa. D lines ,..... -ow .. it 0 City. Iow.. lAetn Life Insurance Co.,"artford. II I tli t(l. Sta. Net i-- ICo.... O..ma-... oin ....-...------Ynl'tb M;lnhnaolm .l int Stock Lalld I'll, State LIfe Inlesrauct' Co. Indian- flank or MInneapolis, Mlonleapnll ao"'l lad is. Iili; -7- Mie---.------i2 SSti louII $oi Stock ILna I--ank. I:: Ila'nkers ife Co. ot Deg Mala,,l. St. IOtH. Me I'(II hes Moines, Iowa...... Ililt \iN w V alit lift Iiisuretne* C o , N e w Illi.17,1 T II ellidral Land Bank of Omaha. Yor. N Y...... -...... 41! Oluaha Nehr. Ii Oi Oc u i ors i Ai mrir n n11 LIrl e I risI sr a noI1 (OtnLeet ut Mutaal Lif I naurance (o, se Lot . Mo ...... L7 .Ii, 54 io. Ilaiod, C-o .-.--...... 19 Felldral I ani anl of W ich ita. Ferdlerl ILnd Bnk of St. Paul. It. rl:11 Wisll t. I'. - --- 117 2t10 Iit IPaul., Min- ...... 0 GOm Lilros Co.. I'errlnp B1d.. OiIa- II4 COilrtfttlcit Gtoral Life Insurne, boaos.I.. Okl ...... ]O5 45' I 4 Co., lartford. Colin.n-..-...... rlll 111 Ii (rnlltie slftlll A uarnl ie Co, Clii- I-I
FORyears there has been a well or- that though the 1924 elections sent a Fganized public opinion in the United labor majority in the Chamber of Depu States for closer control of credit by Leon Jouhaux, well known in ties the Bank of France was enabled to the government. Political friends of United States, represents labor. rash goveornment after government. this point of view have repeatedly stated Consumers also represented. True Herriot fell, Caillaux fell, PainIeve fell that issuance of money and its control and Peret fell. All these prime ministers should he entirely in the hands of the reforms on way. were forced out because the Bank of govermnent as the Constiution of the France did nrot agree with the labor flnited States declares. They assert that party. tlis power of money has been put in the date si. months preceding the meeting. Leon Jouhaux, who represents labor hands of private bankers. It was the In tile event of shareholdings being of on the new board of regents under the force of this public opinion that createdl equal size. the shareholder who has been Blum government. is 'ell known in the the Ftreral Reserve system in the United longest on the register shall take pro- United States. He was in the United States, and it was the force of this States in 1919 at the first session public opinion that permitted the of the International Labour Con- I'resident of the United States in ferenee held in Washington. He March. 1933, to take over the has attended every session of the banking system and institute International Labour Conference rId'oins. since, and is vice-chairman of the As early as 1920 a zroup of r- workers' group. Jouhanux is con- F.rn.rs were urgine that labor sidereld tihe whip of the workers and farmers be repreenlid upon in the International Labour Con- the Federal Reserve Board in the ferenee. ie is a brilliant speaker, liited States. Th, situsion in especially stron in debate, and is the United States has been paral- capable of rising to any emegency leled pretty elosely Iy the situation that may occur on the floor. in France France has, not had, The new council formed by the trictly speaking. FetiMra Reserve Bun g..uvernfmen t is composed of -'stens hut it has har the Bank of regents to reprecent the govern- l21a ce which has pefrlfmaed a ain nent, large and small industry. ilair function. The Bank -f Frane' comnmrce and agriculture, work- is ..a ery old narturuon. dating er5 and consumers. The governor, from 1863i. and the irony "f the p Emnile Labeyrie. opened the ses- sit uation is that the Bank of France sions of the board recently with was brought into lbing by the this stateiment: "You will help us dictator. Napoleon. and has en- to make it understood throughout 'lured over a eentutr on the same working France that when we re- hint.s as laid down by th, dletator. sst with regret certain demands Another piece of irony is that which sein to their makers to be the muost powerful diretori of the perfectly reasonable it will be be- Bank of France are rldeendants cause we are imperiously com- nor of French families but of Swiss manded to do so by care for the falliies because the Bourbon general interest." Tile new board 'egime was dependent for its of regents is pledged to liberalize financing prior to the French Revo- credit policies in France but to lution upon the Swiss bankers, just retain the gold standard. as Louis of Bourbon was depend- There are three other powerful I'it on Swiss mercenary soldiers. TLiON .OpTlAUX balking groups in France. These 5 It appears that the B3lum gov- GneTr nil hriJmrV oC Hia, V,'{iraiitirn or ilihbr ,f Fra,, I * . ..I- are the Bank of Paris and Holland, eminent, representing labor in t'naitio ii'i 1'igur e, i'a r~lui 1 a tti g Ia Silr ir ig l n r0 1,r ln F eits. Credit Lyonnais and the Societe France, is seeking to work funds Generale. These are large bank- mental reforms in the banking system. cedence." Thus though the Bank of ing groups with branch banks in every At any rate Leon Jouhaux, secretary France has 40,000 actual shareholders. principal city and town of France and of the French Federation of Labor, only the 200 large ones can vote and they reach too into other countries- has become a member of the Bank's thui, control the financial and industrial Switzerland, Belgium and Holland. These council and the National Federation of life of France. private banking groups have reached onsumers Co operatives is also repre- Before the coning of the Blum regime into insurance companies and into the sented by Mr. Gaussel. This alone rep- I2 regents on the board of the Bank of industrial corporations. resntse a tremendous sweep of reform. Fran erepresented 95 important cor- How these private banks merge into The controling boarl of the bark of porations as follows: industry is illustrated by the Marquis de Vogue. He is an ironmaster; he is Fla[.e is composed of a governor and 31 private banks on the board of directors of the Credit two deputy-goernor. appointed by the 8 ilnurance companles ,o r lnment, I5 ireents. and three Lyonnais. and is also a regent of the 9 railway companies Bank of France. The Marquis is a auditors elected by the general council 8 shipping companies of shareholdles, and here is the catch. iron and steel conerns, powerful influence in the anti-union 7i trade association known as the Comite The shareholders represent the 200 4; electricity companies 5 feudal families of France who in turn mining companies des Forges, the committee of ironmasters. This is an old employers' association own the industrial corporations Na- 12 chemical companies that resembles the employers' assoeia- poleon saw to it that the following pro- 'i ecncerns in other industries vision was placed in the Bank Act of tions of the United States. It groups 1803: "The 200 shareholders who form lahbr in France declares that the together about 250 iron and steel com- the General Council shall be those whom Bank of France holds the conservative panies and the association controls about the register shows to have been the larg- government in the hollow of its hand. three-fourths of the total iron and steel est holders of the hank's shares at a It points out for proof of this statenent (Continued on page 404) 372 The JounarI orf Wo kr t, rd Operatorspictrical Septnember. 196i Housing As Three-Way Goal Stressed
FROM time to time ther comes a lull and prol)aliiabout double this number 4 in the drive for better housing in A. F. of L. refuses to let public in mater,, an consumer goods indus- the United States, but the lull dues tries. a tital of about 1,200,000. There not last long. The tremendous need for forget need for shelter, for work are still. hoawever, 1,300.000 unemployed new habitations presses insistently. and for recovery, in buildinig et, Ipieturegraph) and over The American Federation of Labor IilootioA0merican in industry as a has just recently in a vivid way called at- whole. tention to this need in its Monthly Sur- Whih privtet building in 1936 is more vey of Business. It shows that a mrillion iugs. Hoi e building is the bark-hone than doubling its 1933 volume, it is sig- and a quarter new honis are needed of thl inndustry, husinesi hui liing the nificant that the industry still depends yearly. It stresses the fart that ade- ipext im"portant, and puhli, construction to a large extent on public funds. In quate housing means shelter for the normally accounts for a.iouit oe..-luarteo normal ties public construction is only shelterless, work for the workless aml a f lite whole. one-quarter of all construction, today new type of prosperity. The Monthly During depression, hoel building al it is more than half (51%T); private Survey of Business states: most ceased, dropping fron. 840,000 building today is only 29 per cent of its NeedJe-A Million and a Quarter New homes built in 1928 at the peak of 1929 value. .pulicconstruction 76 pei Homes Yeariy the building boom, to 123.000 in 1933. cent of 1929. or less than 15 per cent of its 1928 The public construction being done to Recent issues of the Monthly Survey volume. Contracts for factory and com- day includles road-building (a larger of Blusiness have emphasizel the erra- mercial building dropperd to less than volume han normal), flood contrln tive possibilities of America's highly 17 per cent of their 1929 value, and schools, libraries, city halls, water works,
HOME BUILDING-PAST AND FUTURE JOBS IN BUILDING Wn k .e Ill rMF" ~ r ItIl tilt llitt IlI
1. m - QP, iil1l11til III
I., .... *' 1. .11 I.-
·in~ ~ ~ (c hoqnraw....b 00000i Hn ixr.... * I 000000 iop. AIo._k Bi. U-..06' ~~~m~~"~~b~~.9:&;:~~~~~I ~I,~'~:::~:in" ·· ·; ; ···i· ·- hA effiient industrial equipment. If this equipment is used to its full capacir, all although public building was not so sewersand the like, financed eithlr American workers nay have wnrk and drastically cut, tax losses reluced it to through PWA oIr other public funds. and can produce enough to give every family harely 40 per cent of 1929.* This vir- housing projects providing some 18,.000 a comfort level of living. In this issue tual disappearance of private building homes. In looking forward to ihe fn we deal with one industry, building, so cut employment that by March. 11933. tuoe we uiay well eonnsider whether pub- less than 600,000 of the industry's showing its part in creating this comfort lic buildin should nut permanently play 2,3(0,000 workers still 4 level of living and suggesting steps which had johs three- a larger part in our national building may be taken to help it meet the fourths were out of work. When those thrown out in materials aid ronsumer program and whether it shouhl not in- requirements. curie the builiing of low cost )Ibor.er Building construltion is one of our industries are added, this ttasto nemn- which would not be profitable for private four great basic producing industries,.' llOynecnt for 5.100,000 in all. Normally. it creates construlctions worth There can be no prosperity without enterprise. We will consider first the more than $10.000,.000,000 each year, recovery in building. yet buildling has outl lokfor private building, next the and 2.300.000 workers depend on it for lagged behind other industries on the present housing hortage and the func- their livelihood. Beside direct employ- road out of depression. Therefore, the tion of public building in remedying it ment in building, one man employed in gains of this year and last. which have Building Outlook. Private building in the materials industries is needed to finally lifted building to nearly half the last two decades has been subject to provide the building supplies for each (438;) its 1929 value arnd delinitely very great changes from boom to depres- worker on the construction job, and one started it toward recovery, have strength- sion andi back to boom. During the war. in the consumer-goods industries to pro- ened confidence throughout the business building practically ceased, leaving the vide his food and elothinr. Thus the world. Also reeml)loyment in building nation in 1920 with an acute building rate of the building industry affects and related industries has added greatly shortage. Tihen, began a boom period 4,.00.000 workers in other industries. in Lo the nation's buying power. The level when in its efforts to make up the short- addition to its own 2.300D,00 or a total of huihling activity in the first half of age, building construction exceeded all of nearly 7.000.000. 192 has Ibeen twice that oif 193. Over previous records. This lasted through Records covering building contr'act 400ll000 men have gone back ti work the nileteen twenties, reaching a peah awarded in the 37 eastern states show in the industry since March. 193. as in 1928. During the present depression. that about 40 per cent of the wealth siiiwn rli the picturograIh on this page. private building has again dropped to created by building each year is in homes almost nothing, leaving the counlry to pltblIppr: ork[iorihi bpridges. hpahripr rdc dlay with an acute housing and apartments. 30 per vent in fatories. jeihiti tl~iiikiiigg; siholrrps poit~ eI]iptA, etc. shortage. Now office buildings and publi, utilities, 25 that the industry is again on the upward road, with a shortage to make up, we per cent in public works and public (or Ph'! yl~lars 1Wr20P toI!, . buildings, and 5 per tent in oIther build- Tils i, tin hrIs.imi P A 1n,1... .1f I, \V 'A, r er.i.. dl] home. l'igir~s fromp WNaip~tsl i13ureall of [;~i WD Pe dge C~,rpJ, l, .,~~.o Resrtil~i pltll I: W Dodge Coripoln'FViu 'Th, oth err ie.: Virreinl , ill. ,iirpri d Ihpliilig Cp()e tr a :l¥,i' "fli*ir. i]lii !7 ,lp.tr-li mtnann (...... g I I'0 Of I 'jlt'ii]p pump1io l ,w.,ii ..ri page III) Sl)tew 19,193l6 The Joto n. of El c Wolik,'ra,i i (Optaltors 301 Maritime Electricians Respond to Union
easure fl th ,IIravlin publie. The A ti,,,IB...tionial Brilhteiitii il,,If ...... I,, ,lf Electiicai Work on ships incre asingly public has a igh t insist on safety a Workers matures. TIis ii comn- sa,an] ther.e can be no safety Unles. p.sed of Iar.itili elhmtricialas. With dependent upon sound elec- the iculetical Uipmnnt itis wlking the ad.vane .f hlppigs iee el, - trical workmanship. Li censing 101)0 per tent, :I. Maritime electicians on ships ha. triity is playing a hr'ger part in shil demanded. .ipurain . Many siprs at all ielectrical. trnmci.idous responsibility. 1Theymakr This allais that thlry inriDot Oily prn- decisions as to whethettr or ;t the boat elleid hy notos xci hlre the varly imavy'in Ior have to urn hback to port. heart If the eqiuillm.e'nt i hutthey are ported that the diagnosis o ItII, it, 4. Ehlctric ships demand the hibhei eluipiped with every known electrieal eltrieia a ....iiIrrec. Thl otol.s tyljP of attainment on the part of the Ilt-ice inelurlng elec'tlrc ovens, electric 'lier,I Itirl andl I hlie aptain ,received mairitm- clcftritians. Thew tnust nastel nfIIs llrti-ic, air cinil.itinn.n.. electric a laun.atuly Ietitr f..... the lolpnany ..eery branch of ehlctric scieleo. They thiankilng lnl inr hi, iood sen lis in re- intlknow public aid1irt system. fir; Ihlkheads are operated by push buttons, i ll0-flin t the larlir aiim s, moetors, n. aliIiOs, ovnVs. "Iet Tl,- shhip is a fioalain p)ot"4r hoIs. Senator Royal S. lhid in fact thele is ai.lm- electrianothing The ship of irlerale ize, ay,y l8(1000 dlucd a bill into the Colng; logi k the ship does not use. Ions, generlates e.o...tli cictrityi for a toward i, ]liensin;g of lchq Ii , The ~'Thegrowth of interest it unionism li hlrge city. Thie forcetticeric serlet hill is: the irt of natltiii le -letricialns is a part of the genle.al nove.n..Int of th- onI this hip is delivId in lalge part froIn A Bill tilt-! 'at playiel by electri6ity in safety. organization in the hipping industry If lthe elheerleal i(luipllln... is not work- ' t, ak eletriiiiln s lh--t ff--st, Tim ship eleciitianis aut entuiisiastic irgpeifelcty, the livesfii ti ravelers ahoult nentbllslli!p iii the intIrnatitna irpe iHi ll .. gel. All this meins that tillh alb i. allu i]i 4io.1 kotjiib ,] 1h, Biotihmiood of Elea'halI Workers. l(-tiIe -.rafilmen on thi ship are taking [lqC " i" t wi , th, tll,I lr/ Nlit, z a I.r... pail in itsit, ie l. TlhiTy pIA ,(l½titl$ t { iitr.as is i t, I,,/, That Technological Advance in ransik. Thty re nIen of th, hiighest typE. sctli,iIt 2 of titlh 41l of Ih Code of They titB he imastt.is (it tieclical sAi- l ,awsis ii..(..nl.(l ii intrule tic ecl Man, Shipping eince, trained in every li!luartltnient of the so that Ithe rllt to senttent-ces hi-haillend: (Fr. m T.. MNis.. rteclmi,- j-lctri;il art. is dh, jihtqlet reves. "'hi, irtils of Iic)leisIici h1shall ots , iliat...I An eltltat- l shirp l.fi New, York and tli-nau nil classi-iy til.heai '.-chief had traversed about (i or 7: miles when niat(>,s and seelinid :el{ third nil ici-. 11oth thie i-n bid,,g and tie i,il triulib]- di-vIIopeul hi the, liraloisNNow carin- ifd a 'ivhati t5gillw rs.Mt- ship havi, a bllef histor. While lu, ion>Uh lIalXe il i 5111 to rt,, Nlnl o ereusI'lles. dgien.- t nnmor bridges *plr pite1 cit illliil Io harltrl fo, Jw]ah',. It is htad at icl llanth inlt oIf o1er wlade in Italyby aidn(,lriart hii ci, ' i itinra Al.so the t-aptail feekl it a mat- 700 gross tons, anti all other of tenpotai es. t ihit,- irtin blidge iI. Oi~1IIYXi Iti letll tI lii oi* nl prid ti t et ieril ogos tillls (aryin passie'mfri England nottwa buil til the end i.f exigny oifI1, a sIai il 'ot rail aid frdm fI ro li Ite shall hi unlawft ul ehlbYI,h itnth IeOnlyry. The rob, tII see toe wo.lked out ill ilh. ls( If stiuctural SilC. Whth n t nindohe . I].Iuble he- ;Hi pt:rln or oi lnily ])ersoil leliipetI. tile ttiartllaiR i-iedl the chitf as a inastr, chit.f ldute, ethgi/I l-
TIRE is no nee( "f....eelall the been won back in the days of the Revo- people all the timn" For it was A message to those workers lution and you camnot understand why long ince discovered by those o.- there should be need for further struggle. cupying the favored seats in the game who are afraid to live, and thus Since there are far too many with of life that the way to retain those seats. fearing, shirk their share. like minds within our industrial life, I both for themselves and their descend- am going to try to shake you out of your ants. was to mislead enough of the less complacency. Fred, do you never give favored and they would stand in their thought to the fact that bark through own way on the road of progress. This alsu knows tihat if there is a strike Fred's the ages, by the struaggles and saecrifice knowledge has been ,hredIly manipu- 1os in wages will far outweigh for many of others, you are enjoying weeks ally itcrease the religious lated to a science. People carl be played in pay the union fel- and political freedom lows might promi.se of today? Have upon to hate and war against other peo- t. woil for him. And you never sensed that we are now con- if the company loses pie they can b, triched into giving away orders , Fred might fronted with one of the 0 be laid off next greatest urges plteeU4 ]iberlkeXL h3 .i.oirneasurabie winter when the coal in the history of man-the bills are higrhes. gaining of cost in former years. A.l they can be And soa the article real industrial goes on. It democracy? Is it possible deluded with the thllought tat the con- all seems a nasty business that you, a product of our American to PFrLd. duct of our industrial lifeIIis of too mys life, cannot see that the labor Nowv anlylne who understands movement terlous a nature fur the common ian the real with which you are now faced is a part tI understand, even though it often be- nee(l and purpose of labor organization of that great effort? can eadily see comes ensnarled and they have to bear the object of such an Fred, many centuries ago artile and its likely there was the weight of its mollapse. effect on the Freds One who and Mrs. Freds went forth teaching the gospel A neat little bottle of mental dope wa who might read it. oi the Furthermore, brotherhood of man and to all the peddled in a recent issue of the wee!dy it is glaringly apparent fatherhood of the same God. He did not that the author of this article,like Magazine "Today," of August 8. It many go to the high priests or to those who sat other writers is an ar tle entitled "The Right to Work" who are now finding the in the seats of dile mighty. labor situation He went Heading the article is a largesized ph,- a fertile field, has sold his among the common fell, the men in serei:es forl the tograph of a worker, a fairly representa- a price, regardless of truth fields, the fishermen by the sea. Among or the harm live type, working on a turret lathe. it might do. those tishermen were Since Fred is those who became He has a thoughtful expression. on the stand, pumped Hlis disciples and followed with fear by the him. There This machinist is employed in one of author. not knowing were others who did not want to be which way to turn. I shall make an ef- lhe large shops manufacturing automo- troubled with strange teachings. fort, with), sympathy and They bile parts. The author refers to this a feeling that ..ere concerned about he is not altogetheor hopeless, to their jo--jusft as worker in an intimate manner I he knows inject you are today. an antidote for the But somehow the story what is running in his thoughts and poison he has been of that leader sa llowing. and His disciples will takes the liberty of injecting his own, live to the end of time. just to make the dope more effective. Fred, Are You an American. You, no doubt, recall the story in the And to simplify it further he refers to Bible about the master who divided some him as "his friend. Fred, who is typical Fred, judging by your picture you are talents among his servants. To some if many other workers in that section, American born, and of American ances- he gave several and to one was given especially in his attitude toward labor try, of hicmh you ali proud. In a vague but one talent. After a time the master way you had thought that organization." all liberty had (C0iiiIrtiiid onl page 4t0) The article summarizd: Fred was out of work in 1932 and part of 1933. lie is now working full time. He is grateful TF~- a-~ to his empluyers for taking him on again and so is Mrs. Fred. But Fred is worried. He has been asked to join the union. There was talk about the shop and in the newspapers about a possible strike. This might mean a wage increase and recognititon of the union. Fred does Lot understand it much other than he may have to join the union and pay dues. Fred has fur- ther cause for worry. There is the "little home" and an increase expected in the family. It is going to be expen soe and a couple of Saturdays without any pay would play havoc. Here Fred becomes so frightened he can think no longer and the author steps in to speak for him. Fred doesn't deitny the right of the union fellows to strike But he does wonder where that right takes precedene over his right to work. (The is,poiumi now coming to the surface.) The author know, that there are many men in the shop like Fred. They are not company spies nor even anti-union. They are just men satisfied with their jobs and want to keep on working. He MANHNOODL AWAI( A i ra l bill M KIigy, [)laiiir e of 1 .i.. . .rll.... Septemnber, 1936 The Journal of ElretrimcliWorkers and Operators 375 Public Ownership Men Meet at Springfield
SPRINGE IE , Ill., will entertain and its omilel to establish its own cle - S the Public Ownership League this Illinois city, in hour of triumph, tric light anl power system. year. PFilic own.ershiip men, gIreatly 4. PROF. EARL )DOUGLASS, cn antulinptud in lunlbers,, iil gather at the entertains national convention. lissironer of finance and cx-iiom c ity Ilini. city, October 15, 16 and 17. Willis Spaulding presides. I. B. treasurer of Fort Co.ins, 'ohl., has They re;, rd the seiection of Sp ilg E, W. in picture. definitely ilgredl to attend the coTli'eraenfL rieli as of pcnliar signine ihis ylir anil tell the story of the long and sui- ,iulaU-miwh aus tiat city has just wen a cossful struglo of that city for its mu- 20-year-ohld litht for compleIte &lnmi,ne i'paI light and power plant wi-l, has in that virciniy bh public ownirshlp,)The The proam fir this year'sc onfier- only rcrently been put in operation. ,ity of Springfield has negotiated the ene is as follows: 5. lION. RLRBERT TIHOM[PSON, purchase i' its competitor, tile piIate 1. DAVID LILLENTIIAIL., .oe 0 f the fourmr mayor of \luscatine, Iowa. nd utilit. aniii will take the private eomn Cinilmmis onels of the T...ne s.. e Valley oie of the leadelr of the municipal .wn pany ovwr in September. ership remoi..Int in that city, and The Interntiaonal Brotherhood. now se,retary of the Iowa Coope- of Electrical Workers have Ionn ratir Public Ownership League, hall pleasant rhlationships with the will slak ton "l uscatine's I1.od- Illinois pI.b.. ey owned corn,pan erm Aladdin's Inmp." through its Local Union No. 193. C. R. E. IcDONNELL, of the Willis Spawfinln.. the general main- engineering fir, of Burls and Mc aigr of the Spr ngfiel;l ompany, ix Donnell, will address the confer- presielnt of tih Publii O"xnerslil ,nc nn ",Competitivelight Plants in the IUnited Slates- Are Thy 'The eficial organ of the Publie Justified?" OwnrIship Iaguee comments o 7. WILLIS J. SPAUIDIN. the purrhase of lhe private iuiliyi eomndinuoner of Springliedl, Ill., ltIs: "Those who have feolonwed and president of the Public Owner- the 2o-ynr,truggle and sotr-s. ship league of Am erlca, wil sik ,lve tiu/mphs of the muint'ipal on "l.lectric Energy in the utilitits in Syqingfield will ralle Borne.'~ what a splendid sustained and r1n- 8. JAMES D. DONOVAN, nan- elusivei ic nonsrati on this inal ager of uhbli Utiliiies, Kansas eolnhinatfon has been. (City, Kins, which are the larrest "lBy ilhtransact.ion the city if muniaf'paly-ow ned plants in the Spimlnliold will he in eonlnbit state of Kansas, will speak on control of the city's water. light. '"How We Built and Enlargld a pow.r and hbaing systems. Tlie $2,0(00.000 Municipal Light Plant question of the ownership of he out of Revenues and Still Enoiy utility buiness i endied. and ithe Low Ralte.' struggle with private ownirshin is 9. 8. P. ANDERSON, Spring- over in Springfilid. Tenefer'th fied, II.. on "Springfield's Arti- the city will Ieserved by a sinte final lake Its Problems nd unifiedunifled anil,nd coordinated... sevd by nnii-si,, Advantages." 11allv ow nod ani operated sy st m 10. R. F. OVERMIAN, Lith. "By the purchase which will he RO'k, -\tk., on 'How We AcrquirIl nstillI llnt ed in Sentember tile OurnMiinpal Water Works.' ily.vauiuis the entire electi-ic business of the private eompany Special Features Assured in Springfield (exce..t th, trans- ii. SPRINGFIELD UTILITIES. mission lines from theDomplany's A dny will iIe spent visiting the East Peoria substation), supplies new $,t00,t(100 utilities recently WILLIS JI SI'I'TLDIN(] on hand, movable furniture, the completed by the city of Spring- eo(fpany's accounts. the COlnTalyat {b5 r I lnlrlag rd.r2,lltlrtlhll tl i P l veItI ( ,1111.u)i $ 11n gfillu, field, including its new modern all PirisildoBi or the P'ije, Owriuerli hip Lauie. offlie building, the eompany's filtration plant and the lovely Lake power station which occupies Springfied. three-fourths of a city block, its entile Authority, will attend the onference and 12. LAKE SPRINGFIELD. Thlis underground system of wires and, its deliver an address on the great work of beautiful hbody if water having nmia suburban lilies which serve seven nearby our greatest government project. 50 liles of greatly inproved shore lle etinnlunities. Rochester. Glenarmn, olhy. 2. MOVING AND SOUND PIC- together with the imposing memoril Old Berlin, Bradfordton, Salisbury and PURES. The federal government au- bridge. the Willis Spaulding Dam which Spaulding. thiritiles at the Ten.nesse Valley have impounds tlak hke anid the various new "In addition the city also aequires the /lini tely enged to sengd three of utilities of the -ity will combine to male conipany's ht water and steam heating their mo,,ig and souned pictures illus- a day on lthe lake a most interesting all system. Irating tle wolh i ani achieveneits ak- .atra.iIe featiml of tile program. Th, "MIst slgnificant of all, the whole' pur- onI..plished a-id ,ontemplated in the annual h.anIqut may be served at soine .f clias price of this magnificent tirns- Terninesee ValVhy. 'lIh lirt i- eititled the public lilings on thei lake. action is to hepaid for out of theeain- "*Nat ona] ProIgraIn in Iht T.nnessee 18. IN('(OI N MEMORIALS. Spring- wigs of the uniied system,. Bonds will IX,iis ii, h n i storie ]ore surrou.nd mi Ie issueddf course. But ilthy are to b, 3 :'RNK T. IIARTMAN, lirItor. Ihe life, f A;llr-,hall Linoln. Here may revenue hends' payable out of earn- lPeplaltw~ ni o Pul,]ic Wo, hs, of Camwden, he visited the uinique Lincoln. ien,rial inls only. In this way tile deal will NJ., has definitliy are-edi to ni tend tie whic, tttllra- isitors from all over the nit cost the taxiayers or ihe elh,etric conference and to tell tlie story of lhe ounlltry anl e en from foreign nationrs. Iusers one sinle penny.'" Iln Sti-lUggle of hitli nfoted eialt n city (PI, ild ipll pa11, Vq) 376 The Journal ti I.hctr icall il irmrix an(d Operotors Siplemblellit , 1936 Unfold Graphic Exhibit of Power
T HEY call it 'th, P....ura.a. of UI[epI ower Ih.u.1.. l.U the channels to T Power." This ,xhilit, ipened. h, Miniature exposition of elec- 13e takl hy fish. "Some of tile fish even middle of Aurul at tilhe Smith- trical attainments attracts thou- fight their way up the overspill of the sonian National M.useu in Washington, amlimand they have to be provided for,' D. C., and spreaIdg hut ita ethe ay sands during World Power tlhe at etdant exphlbned. "They are di- flower Hotel. the Coingressral Library, Conference. the United States Patnit Ofi e and olher Ited into lish elevators; when these buildingrs, attempts to hIl a mirror to have suliJhLent weight of fish in them the development of electric pTowr in thi. they rise automatically and carry the fiib above the dam." The model also United States and it, many uses. (If powel syst iii li IuS Angeles Iuoreaul course, the miuror 'lieeti in.n.linatur shos the navigation locks for the of PowerIl ,ight aid , feel a new freighters which carry the Northwest's You see a model of the Bonneville ioam alp'reci tioni f tT lie ah local un ion ci'- and power house that Io.ks like a doll' harvest of grain down to the sea. Salmon. ' ,lrlldtsh}tx'a v'isit(ld, d, eLoribed and shills n electricd powel- the de;elop- house set on a rtlt'f ntp, but .lbss ret'o'ied the p'(gres' o' these &cetq,. your imniagination is keen yvu see only a nlret had ti he lanned to accommodate iroit for the ELECTRICAL Wor KIls' all three. An additional model shows toy, not the bravl, sagacious structure JOliVNAIL. Tacoma presnts splendli thrusting it powerful Ihouldlrs agaginst the power house in detail. It can be pittures of its dan and powr house, taken aplart, rveainil its tiny generator. the mighty weight of thile river balers. Los Angeles hs a tine pictorial exhibit But if your imnaginationr oans with you waler wheel andi other mahilnery inslide adti also graphs stawing the steep ascent Linemen will pore over the diagrams through a maz of maps, chats. pie- from 1[)17 to 1936 if the production of ures, model s and outer rlaplhic xhbiits if iodel rural ine construction. the "long eletrih powe hy its muniikpal system. Ipaline ernstruetion' of the Rural yon will feel a eonscioum,ts of a vast The lrptnlent of tile Intleriorl's Bureau nation waking to its t ren idloreasIrU I)1o.c. Ehr'trifi ation Adtiliistratior, ii.s'- of Reelamatio iishowa hugce elored ilu- tinted with maaly sca dinigs. Other of electric powetr and ea'hin ut to inat~l piitliies of its pritjets Roost- develop articulate an1d {o tse"i. exhilts of this division iml-dlue a huge DeltDam. Inral(C.il, dit'kson lal :ap of tilh linited States hiwin rural Scientist;. enginerl. id. lrialsti anl Dmm, lidaho, and the Yuoa !Uoji, eonlomitsi of note ionli al] pa its the e'tliatiu iroets. A glaih coni- Arizona. .ith iew's iof mitlur iimis lirs the sources, of motive pwowr avail- iviliei world wrill vather in Washing- grovA~ adl irrigatul acr. ton for the Third WIorl I'o r ('inf,,r , able on.ari s in tiheUi, ted Stales you a.tre .lshedto dioe that electric ence tHis... onth. The Parania of New, Startling Developm ent. Power,, and thee lertriiid flrms nnai.by p'oer is only o..e-ci hith that If farm the Cupital are exhibit: arranged par "Most or tmr vi ti,'s ar, intt'r'eted in wink aiiimials; anl one tenth tile horse ircularly for the conferen.e. There is, the ino dad .ers.'' aid thi, mnan i, pjeil of either tracto's or' lrukt. A at the same time. phty toi itrigue the bharel of theOlunn evii I Dam exibit, d ranla sho.ws in model foirr the in- casual public; and for the ele'trical pI'epared by the U, S. Army Engin.ers. trJior Iof a farml home without modern :iaftsman it is an absorbing picture. The miniature ..odel If the dan is set tNni'ltinne.ns: then the little 'tage re- Seeing sonic parts of the exhibition is on a relief map showing ilte levels in the voies showing the same home con- ike visiting old friends the glorious river ied as well as the surrounding fllr tably rquipped and run hr ihb use power developments of the far North- terrain. Up this river the Columbia of electricity. west the city of Talcoma's muniipal salmon rise to spawn. Around the side (lollRLiip'~ lii pa'? Ol00
iTli I' (hIII F., ti.iroHt 'Il, Ii ",I,'ll l :l Ir']IiyI', I ,llI. b, II, yR .I l [ [ ul' ii'olr itiiih Alhhll: iiriIotL'l After n 1 Ieoioi:t. tle A.T1,lI i..'1tlr4i Sno,, 'nc,' 1I(,, , 'I i, C ,(II I itoi,' l jl,, i' i I , ,lliw'1 I ,,,, I' September, 1986 The Journal o! Electrical Workers and Operators 377 Courts For Wage-Earners Loom
UNDREDS of rase of injustice gage an attorny tlihe court assigns one OCCUr e y earLI. xithollt tihel Corrective for clogged judicial to serve hint without conmpensation. cotlrts eer learning of their exist- Such, howeve, is not the custom in the eno. The ornet grocel, [im} Cnhinese machinery stimulated by U. S. case of our civil courts. Only 12 states laundlryman. th, carpenter.aild the eb,- Department of Labor. have statutes authorizing such action in triioan suffer in sibiere .liir- their Mrtlai, iv ii courts, aid few of these enabling uncolleetib e hbills rather than air their law have ever been used. troubles beforel tle law. Furthermore, when attlrneys are as- It is not becias. of an3 funlanertal both iaul fun s. It has become a signed bIy a cour, to servo a person un- lefer in the law .islf,or. a l.yack .f curs tenolr co.urt organization. Cor able to hire lle fo,r hiinscle . they are C'ourts. or dearth if Ilawyers, .. disdain tainly in small, petty causes there is no usually eiltler inexpp ienc I orl third- on the part of juldges that silnlall Ia hare ,need iry,'ing a a.se more than once. ratelawyers. (;ed la wyers are busy seldom reek to rectify thei petty ipjii- This,. he. is the first place in which lawyers. Theil prlatice leaves them no ties through liigatlio.. The rereln.s wi, uu.ll sick to ilniporve our systen if ime to devnoe t no,. paying chants,. are siniple, They neithIerhc aff.rd On the whole, ftlch, itle solution to time nor the money, an,, with legal the imlpedilment arising from attorneys procedure comeplcted Ieyondc.n.pe- flees seems to lie in hhli, derti.n of dlimb hesiona, they ale uabln toi plead heir natling the need fur enlplon c..olnisel. in .own eases alone. snall civil suits. llbi end has been Outstanding amii thatn girup of an- aeccu: iihd thickcugh th etabliish lIent fotunatet uniabll to hess"' lheir eitci- oI siall. elivl, cilu s. i, wIliDh pro- mate laims air w;igc vari. ' \acah. aft ucedirmgs hat'e 1IRei s.Inplifiel, fmrmality wvorking s eteral weeks. dhis mver IIhal tir an reel ad lapi,icimI i {I, tile bone in erii])loyers eitler tint... t Bilr ,iot poL ortder to 'huinaii~le unIh(eessahy exleerse thlen lheir I1....d ed waerv. l[abel. I'j iml delacy. cI'ordiug, to Ue II. 8. BureaI ut The firsl t lie- ile iall clis icurt eyln'in this inu try wasI stAnblished tile ron-pa oaert of Hone< y IernhIjl liy Massachusots ii 1021. By 1934 wasges. Statistics,Iahly8ust thea d~~{I,-e Ian~ ~illSloeh hslllrhjic,eiiix- thre were [ii stai-ide courts for ce1d $5i. Butrl h l Iedl fXlietl salelcdivil sl.i al. imn.any .iunicipat n.eicoi. to ari wors grtl hIllship Canlts in }alaree lii if olier states. nn the liborer, often ristelthig III lil- Small dalmes .olrt systines ha,, now .eI.s. dofeIfl ittituion, th, it'ssiy of lI1,, coD[pql b: accl'pting checiity, an.d agudy. Despite .ou.tr hlilfsrlitetl lthtain Caifrnia. Ncv'adh liberty and il equality before Lhe law. Coloradoi('aI orp ta New Jersey Anerirca is the. a s itiallt. loeeIo ll New York (oline I ici mcdern ia tionsi poti(t[Lg the cilli Idaho (h I go i rights of the .lowly. At the i m. tihat our IRhioi Island 11 Bill of Rights was adoptilehi it was we i n I'4AD .tl L IIlN South Dakota suited to the requirements of the agri- M~assacheusetts [tah cultural and small urban eonoy of the Minnesota V'enmnt day. But with the growth of large cities we would attain equal benefit for all the rapid shift to an industr.i economy, under the law. The Massachusetts small claims court icreased mmiigratinn and thelevelo - Our secoti]r great admninistrative defect system, whieh served as a pattern for meat of the wage earner class, we have is the expense entailed in litigation. At the otiler systms, has jurisdicion over grown farther and farther aw awey frown the outset of a suit a plaintiff must pay all idvii suits, except libel. involving a our equalityideals. fixed entry foes, in return for the as- runl of $35 or less Some state systems Just as the machin eryof justice gives sistance of the sheriff or procss ser.er. alnd inn'irlpal small claiis c. urts cover life to the law, so the admninl ration of In addfitin, should he lose his case, he :ases amounting to high as $50. hut justice makes the lal. actively effective. Imlust le prepared to pay court costs, few of them go beyond this sum. If the courts are not advlied when Li, such as siateimposed levies, a court Suit is benun in lMassachusetts by the inljustice occ.urs[.lie the law,h however stenographer and, if he wishes to appeal piaintiff telling his story to a court noble, is ineffectual M oreover, to dis- the decision. the printing of tlie trial clerk, who dckets the case with a si nple Tcourgelitigatil i.proper causes, is record. onCisOso tlsentett. as,. to encourage further wrng-doing. To- Court costs vary aeeording to the dura- "Climi: DDefendant owes plhinliff $27.83 ay o ur platituldinous axn of IIqua tion and complexity of the case. Some for groceries nd household goeeds sold benehittrh ibch and p.r alike. cl, tltlhe states require the posting of a bonld it, hlb. between Ochtober I, 19a30. and De- institutionrethrins iut a thin-shelled coeier tmcsible court costs before a pltain ecnlber 28, 193:0." mcekery. tiff mnay even bring suit. These cotrt The defendant is thien noUlied by a T1he r at'eatI unjust itiahle delays es and costs are in addition to any fees Suiih.lens to ippear for hearing in the ;lh-l, character ourIse American , lgul paid for the services of an attnrney. claim. Tre summons is sent through stu are tantl nt to denial f Motr than anything else, it is apparent regislired mail, instead of being served ,ustice. In the as-e of a worker efused thait eal state needs to adopt a coln- in person. II warns the defendan,,t that his wages upon the mpleiun ft a job, prohens.i e i71 /oe-l I .. cltrpirxpro:edure, falduo u to apllia cay n...n. a judgument the uied for c...p'isrttil is immedilate, such as those which enable poor pe.rson againt h imihrnir ugh default. The hear- not aftr a .long driawn ol lourL. Sai in all .Iel-..e'm Euroelan countries and inri is held pinmptly, without foremality, lasting anywhere ftro oIne lo five years rieal Britain to bring civil suit in nourt j'yor unsel. Bth parties state their before settlement. withoutp iohibitive expense. ares s'inmply, i,, ihtir own words before Our preselt system of appellate pro- The third point preventing the fl-ce a judge, who seeks out the facts, regard- teedings, by which the losing party may flow of justice to all iti.zens is the neces- less of established court procedure, and take his case to a higher coi t for retrial sity of hiring counsel In the criminal renders his deeiion. A judge may often two or three tinics, inorlveiI wasting of 'o.lr ts. if a person cannot affri toIlen f ,liitnim.1 oin lpa'I& I'llI 378 ?T&hJournal of Electrical Worknrsrnl, Operators September, 1936 Railroad Men Will Troop to Dallas By R. E. NORRIS
A SPECIAL day, Otobe' , 1936, has of Railroad Trainmen, and we hope soon been set aside by the onlleals iof Great state will be host to thou- to have favorable replies from the the Texas (ntenia l Exposition chiefs of the other organizations not at Dallas. Tex.. as Railroad Employees' sands of workers on the railroads mentinned. Day. The entire exposition will be vir- on October 4. Texas has always Our own beloved governor, James V. tually t r.ed over to Ile! thousa.nds of been great rail state. Local lodges Alired, a staunch friend of labor, will railroad and xpres workers who will be here to make the welcoming address, flock to Texas and Dallas for this great- take part. and the speech of response will be malde eat gathering of railroad workers ever by Sister Mary Mellon, first vice grand held. This Railroad Employees' DLay is president of the ladies' auxiliary of going to be one of hilarity, enjoyment, the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. get-together and meet your fellow w h:h,ias for its backglounid four cel- a native Texan, residing in De,,ison, worker, and all in all, a record-breaking U iec of colrfu hiistory. Flagso of six Tex., and whom, incidentally, we are day, not only in attendance at ilhe ex- nations have flown overTexas soil- indebhted to for the thought of making position, but in all railroad history. Spain, France Mexico, tile Republic of this Railroad Employees' Day possible Music will be given a prominent part in Texas, tile Confideracy anid the United at the Centennial. programs, sports will not be overlooked; States. This glamorous, rlmantic state The facilities of the Chrysler Motor a great parade and such special events is a dramatic revelation to everyone who Corporation, including their giant broad- that it will live long in memory. has visited and attended its celebration casting system, have been allocated for Come to Dallas and to the Texas Cen- of 100 years of progress. the use of the gathering on this date. tennial Exposition on this great day, Oc- Plreident Roosevelt has hoeui invited with the option, if the auditorium is tober 4. Here you will meet friends to be with us on this date, as well as insufficient to hold the crowds, we will you have known for years and whom Madam Frances Perkins, Secretary of have the amphitheater or the Cotton you have not seen or probably never Labor, and all of the 21 chiefs of Stand- Bowl. Exposition visitors are planning expected to see. Railroad workers from ard Labor Organizations. Some seven special entertainment for or visitors. the lakes of Minnesota, the hills of Ar- granl presidents have already accepted many of whom are expected to arrive kansas, the East and West will gather tile invitation to he here, namely, 1). B. several days in advance of their special to pay tribute to Texas and their labor Robertson, Brotherhood of Locomotive day andi sam will remain several days organizations that made such a gala day Firemen and Enginemen; . A. Phillips, later. Exposition officials are also stress- possible. Order of Railway Conductors of Amrer- ing the fact to the railroad workers This Southwest world's fair - the i; F. II. Fljoadal, Brotherbood of that they will confront no increased liv- $25,000.000 Texas Centennial Exposi- Maintenance of Way Employees; Alvin ing pricej on their exposition visit, ample tion-op.nend at Dallas on June 4 and Johns.n, Brotebrhood of Locomotive housing accommodations being available will continue until November 29. Pri- EIgineers; T. C. Cashen, Switehmen's at scales ranging from $1 a day upward, marily the world's fair of 1936, it Union of North America; George M. anll this means that plenty of $1 rooms commemorates 100 years of Texas in- Ilarrison, Brotherhood of Railway are available. Cafe prices have not been dependence as a republic and a state Clerhs, and A. F. Whitney, Brotherhood i(('!ili[Iled On paRe 401)
LIKE OTERin rAllS , T'p(. IDALLAS EXPOSITION I1 IELEt('TIrI'Al AS TIlM NIGIIt T S* ENE IREI IALS Srptember, 1936 The Journal oi Electrical Workers uti Operators 379 Refrigeration in Air Conditioning By L. C ANDERSON
Idi-tor'N Nin: Tiis i lie nieonda ,rticle to a gauge pressure of t00 pounid when ill tbe series prysealed by Mr. trde 'srt. Elementals of evaporation ex- we have a boiling point ifl 338 degrees, The first alwrille' ill A'g,,st ndbr th, hearing the fact in mind that beiillg point in relation to cooling title "Train rlie Sn ... i- Cr.... iidol- plained of water can he ,egula trld hy thi pres- ing'" These arthes print rily arc di- systems. sure exerted upon ii i[n an I*}riosed riec-'d (o n*rtnbc'. of iit Brother'hood vessel. then, if we pilae wale, Il ,' thei firhi o ei ttring. bt th e Now, piieip,;s decscribe d bit tbhi;t athor Ir a container and draw a vaeunu on it ft*tlnolcnird. Air berisg always lresetllt nt water the boiling point will alo beIlr; under natu-al cIondi.ions, it is usually that is, with 10 inchl, of ItciL the IN the first at we,ice is.ussd.. heat, coslidered thbat walevr partial "r (oln- boiling point of water is 1!12 degrees,at heat ransf.rs anld thIe lo.l..i.t zone plete satura.ti oni. itin exists Pi-el 20 inches of vacuum 158 degare, at 25 of c.ditioned air. This artie will tins to tile air, lithuglih littuilaly it inches 182 degrees and at 29.67 the deal witih ,lnloving tbl heat and mois- has lreference to the spare above ie boiling point i, 40 degrees. lre fronll the air Thi is based on wate r. The state uf water can be ciangel with certain fundlamenital fats or laws of When a saturated condition exists tile the addition of heat into gas. The gas science.These facts laws Irof science ])orI pressire abo.e the water prevnts can be returned into water by rermoval shoulad be thor- ofheat. aIlowing the oughly understoodt h'I' Itemperature and future study : 1 -:: gas to condense into carried on with the a liqiuidl, such as in idea of broade.ning a steam heating sys- ,,out from the . . tent the boiler can pIints. The .for- lb caIlled the evapo- mation in the se alror and the radi- notes has been built .4 ators in the various tiP to give in Coil- rooims act as a con- dlned form the denser where the principles which heat is given off, ordinarily in books allowing tile liquid are nixed in with -- to contlense ani re- technical data. with turn. to the boiler i which but few are I a liluid state. The interested. An at- sftnsa water is re- tempt has been turned to the boiler, m ae to build up ' where it is again the principles in : -evaporated for an- other cycle. sinIplewth I xf aon I~ ir ITIt] andOC- ~' ~ connect them UP It is well to re- ,ill, ,aoI I,or -member at t It i ulitring in everyday "- - - p.int thiat when one life, and with webich poud of Iatr I, we are all familiar. ; -z ,40Ichanged to the gas- All cooning it·ec-i eons 4tate by Ioil- at*, based iontVap.- ing or evaporation ration- TbTis is what TcrI p Artrce - " 0] the salmle amount of is used in refrigera- i1U sIt "Ii I,,",I I heat mist br given LioI or cooling sys- off to tii rlnl that IIS. We will talt r,,,t familiar The accumulation of ally Innol, ate in pound if wraterl bak tio a liquid state. liluid and try to iIleItl-lstd the evapo- gaseous form in the oeriylxug space Thi also holds tru, w Iensublstance hais -ailon aind boling pIl.tsIntder, various it walr i a -losedIcontainer is supplied changed from a liqaid to a sIid, as in iith heat, this willi st slll i the con- pressuree wrater to ice. TVlToc-bagne pie inoll of tinuei eaporatiio of watel.r a it, tenl- Elv.a. ration If alcr in any case, water into ice at 322ir de grees.. tIhe plressule oi, acaul, r(qilies the ex- peratire is increased. The space above reinoval of 144 B} t. u/ and t. hange pendiiture o heat. This hat be,,comes the valer will bI inreasingly fillidlwith one pound of illnto at at 32 latent in e aporatig 'vatel. E..nergy is "ater ill gaseous form a.l.l this causes ie absorbed in Inakl n.Ileerular Icarrange- i rist iii riessure. The ill pp,1!roa de~rees, 144 B. t. u's ,iSt be iaddIed or IneliS whit watr is chanrgd fionlm a title to the presence of wscales %)ao1 is absorbed. To evaporate in{ p..unid of iiuh toI I gas'eous stite andil this energy torifllel 'laport pressure Coe tt~n 1,ettturs water at 212 deigres requires 970 13. t. is supdpled by hbat The heat required LiP to 212 d ti ...es F. uinder ..ILI.... I o u.'S; to change. this anlont ol vapor forl, the evapirat ... wate.r c:an be litt.s. \IAbove this tempi at,- it is into water again, 970 13 t. u.s must be taken fruit, itbcr Crbe water or the sur tiually knowlI It s .ea.l.res.-.ll. .. re~ noradi. founding air, or frot. bth, or it can be Regulaling Boiling Water supplied from otier sou ries. Liquids and Gases io] eUlies of w-ateor ia ga (2) Fascism is completely and sweepingly anti- JOURNAL OF democracy. (3) Fascisnm arises always wearing a liberal mask. ELECTRICAL WORKERS Behind that mask is monarch, or dictatorship abso- Offni6 Puhiclio I nkmalnial S f&dw idofE iednlWorkers lute, and cruel repression. (4) Fascism is militaristic in the extreme, deify- ing armed force. Devoted of (5) Fascism is aggressive, and anti-social. It uses spies; it practices bribery; it disrespects trea- to the Organized ties, and covenants. It violates willingly the sov- Cause.. t.f.\.Labor r, ereignty of other states. (6) Fascism reduced the standard of life for the masses, lowering wages and the standard of xxxvWashing ton. D C.. S eptember, l/~6 No 9 living. (7) Fascism is backed in every country where it exists by industrialists, feudal nobility and munition Floyd Some men in public life reach such emi- manufacturers. nence that they are affectionately known (8) Fascism is more dictatorial than absolute everywhere by their first names. Thus Lincoln was monarchy; more militaristic than munition manu- just Abe. So Floyd Olson to hundreds of thousands facturers; more treacherous than savagery. was just Floyd. When they spoke of him occa- (9) Fascism apparently intends to make no sionally as the governor, they half-suspected they compromise with democracy. It has thrown down were putting on airs. Floyd Olson commanded not the gauge, and seeks democracy's destruction. only loyalty from his followers but affection. During the last few years of his career he grew in stature. Extraneous things were burned away. How Many The city of Cincinnati is the only He was simpler, kinder, more effective. He eluci- Unemployed? community knowing accurately the dated a labor philosophy more convincingly than number of its unemployed. Its any man on the platform. He was fire under con- figures are therefore valuable. We have set down trol. A son of a union railway clerk, he himself Cincinnati's count alongside the count for the entire was a member of the same organization, and he country of unemployed electrical workers made by never forgot the power of unionism in his father's our research department. Here they are: life, and in his own. He possessed, too, a full under- I B. F. W. Cinein 'l. standing of the producers' co-operative movement I o Ful Time. o WVorking FnI? Time Alt in the Northwest, and being a good reader, he for U. S, Occupations understood the left movements with their founda- 1929. 88.56 1930 tion in Marx. He frankly called himself a radical, 1931 ..... 48.5 and it was left for this Swedish-Norwegian leader 1932 38.4 to embody in himself that combination of power, 1933 ...... 42.8 51.67 glamour, and sincerity, which we like to call 1934 50.2 American. 1935 64.8 72.67 At Floyd's funeral, the largest in the history of Naturally the count for the country would vary the West, Governor La Follette said about him: from the count of a single city; moreover, unem- "He saw there must be a new spirit of co-operation. ployment among craftsmen in the building trades He supplied the function of leadership by giving would be heavier than for all occupations; still constructive direction to the forces of change. He there is correspondence between the figures, reached power without baseness, and wielded it On the basis of conservative figures, there are without fear." still 11,000.000 unemployed in this great prosperous This may sound like eulogy, but it happens to nation. embody truth. Upraised Our readers should not forget that daily Finger of newspapers deal in propaganda. It is Face of The intolerable face of Fascism is defi- Warning not likely that a syndicate of papers Fascism nitely exposed. There is no doubt as worth perhaps $200,000.000 is going to to its outlines. or content. We may set voice the best interests of labor. or of the masses. down without inaccuracy the following nine-point It is but natural that its owner, or owners, should portrait: think of their interest first, and try to bring the (1) Fascism is completely and sweepingly anti- readers round to their way of thinking. Editorials labor. voice the opinion of the editor, not of the people. September. 1936 'The IoCrtar I t Elect itrl Worker.s a ii.. Oleratots 381 The editor is willing, however. to pretend that his people is below that of a moderate, twentieth cen- is the ptopl's voice. We hope that rlrtde unionists tury standard of living. In fact, if the total produc- wvill not be ltakeln ill by vague promiste.sialse data, tion of the state were equally distributed among all dicamy hopeis. and the rest of tile pairalhrualilia of its people, provision would have been made for of propagandists for big busintess. Trade unionists only about three-fiflths of the consumption expendi- shoul dLpend upon their own papers, or better tures now en.ioyed by families with anuall incomes still iocl their own opiniions. Trade unlliests know of $2,500. Instead of being a near approach to by this time, olle would think, upon which side over-proiduction therte is clear evidence of under their b1readl is buttered. production oil a state-wide basis to supply adt- quately the consumnption needs and desires of tllh existing population." Union 'lThe fact that the lntenatimnal Ihoth- This succinct summary for Mimnnesota might be Recognition erhood of Electrical Workers has an groundwork for a summary for the whole United exhibit at the World Power Confer- States. The Minnesota State Planning Board goes elce--ai small exhibit-mav not alppear signifitant, on to ul..est that the productive forces of the state but it is. should be mobilized to give 50 per cent more pro- Probably for the first time ill the history of the duction. It believes that this can be done, not by electrical inldustry, the union of men whoi build increasing law materials, but by "full utilization of the iiles. and install the equipment, takes rank technical processes, human skills, and organizing alongsile of government, utilities adll manufac- ability by the people of this and coming turers. Thousands of visitors will be introduced generations." for the first Lime to the achievements of union organizationl. The New T[he Congressional Record contains many Creed things. The Broadway wits would have Wanted Most persons at this hour ofl the world's you believe that it contains only trash but history are quite perplexed at the course there is nmuch of value also in it. of exents. They do niot know toward what port the Representative Goldsborough, of Maryland. has old ship is steering. They are tossed upon s as caused to be written into a recent Record a poem by of doubt. Ann C. I'Patterson. The poem is called "The New There are those who say that there is no middle Creed." course dovwn which the boat canl steam. A nation The New Cred must either he white or red. This presents a serious I bli cv in thile earth dilemma to believers in democracy, but the weak- Ad te lund theeful theof ness of demnocracv is its inability to organllize-its Il iman arnd his labor; In the i/achi.., inability to act quickly in emergency and its inability Mlasrs supri'n. niasttlyrie, . to shout loudly in behalf of itself. If democracy With which heI has created, could solve these three problems, there is little doubt And is still creating, as to its perpetuity. The sign upon the door of Abundarce fI.. all. democracy today might read "Wanted: Organizers, eai cruvcified daily and suffer, Executives aid Publicity Men." (kcaullse wll,ael lt 1en*y to buy Tlat wihich ve product. We hav, dousendled ino hell-- Using Our A vivid light is thrown upon colditions The 1,1 f hlolnger, nakedness. Might il the United States by a report of the Minnesota State I'Plaining Boarid. Mili- Ne can arise fro..m this hell iosota is looked upon as a frountier state. It surely AMll as.cld ilt, hally.e.. cannot he classed( as belonging to tie eastern group Tile hann of plently for al., where inlustrialism has thrived fl 100 years. The I Iballreirovl ikWne <.teo...nlie s state plaiiiniig ioarid in a reetIt report declares: \hich i aL Uo ltiI ir ll "TIh inxiventIlry of the state strongly suggeststhat Not 'If arint, the ptriodl of spectacular deelopmelnt is ovetr for But a elnln om,l n which All , ill !aM the Irselll.t Population is iteonling Atalioilary. The naturaI resources have been prospe ted, anid A ... I ipil.t tŽlII a ,r',ur! ctlont have been ilor are boing used. The physical plant I ro tt d lltspeii, tIfftliin , ali] u,,.. t,raity [id ill If<' ahbtmdnnrld tlecessalry to/ ihe utilization of natulral rerources bas benii built ill considerable measure. I spite of this This Journal has always said that Americans are degree of apparent maturity, it is still liue, how- takingia new view of the common life and this poem ever. thait the in:ome of ofver 90 per cent of the helps to create the new economic dream. 382 The JoatnWl of Electrical WVorkers and Operators September, 1936 "WITH LIES AND SPIES THE BOSS CONTRIVES" HEN I was a youngster some of I. She ua in' r sr-xappul in the limit rllpt l. regular r*ceipt of the weekly the kids in our block used to taunt on some particular strihi e ,ader. If she payroll. They, therefore, realize that Isa- me with this rhyme: "Stewedi cals caln pnnlanl' him she leharns Dann% bor problems and resultant strikes, and pickled rats are good enough for coere himi away from the strike. or whether legitimate or instigated by mi- Dimmycrat.!" My father and nmother ruins his effectiveness in one way or lorities, are hecomin- a serious menace were among the very few Democrati not lhr. to the welfare of the country and the voters in that little Wisconsin town. Of 2. She crntes a false situation involv- well-being of the family unit." course the rhyme annoyed me, but being inv an active union man, intending to ihere are the questions and I will a rhyme I couldn't help remembering it, cause scandal and divorce. leave it to you whether they suggest an I hlave been reading some of the evi- a. Acting as a saleswoman or canvas- impartial interest: dence in the recent Senate investigation, ser, she goes into the women's homes "Did your husband strike because he headed by Senator La Follette, of the ac- deftly spreading rumors that the strike wanted to. or because he was forced to tivities of labor spies and another rhyme leaders are earousing and "carrying on" by nOhers? popped into my head. I hope that it will with the strike funds; the strike is break- "Are strikes instigated by employees, get into the memories of my women ing; other women have told her their or by outside agitators? readers, esnecially if they ever find them- husbands intend to return to work. 'Do strikes encourage drunkenness? selves sitting at home, hoping and worry- The woman waiting at home is partic- "Were the working conditions and pay ing. while their husbands are out on ularly vulnerable to lies. She has fears as good as in any similar factory? strike. It's this: and worries that she tries to overcome. "Do strikes endanger family life and "With lies and spil,the bos contrives She does not have the stimulation and health? To poison the minds of workers'wives," courage that come from being one of a "What effect do strikes have on united group. Her husband thinks the children? For the men out on the picket line, strike is right, believes it will be won. "Did your husband want to join the if law enforcement authorities permit, She doesn't feel so sure. All that she union, or was he forced to? there will be bullets, blackjacks and gas. knows is that the family's regular in- "Do you favor his payment of monthly For the women. waiting anxiously at come is cut off and she doesn't know dues to it?"' home-another kind of poison gas, that when it will be resumed. Subonscioustv, Of course you can see the beautiful breaks their morale; sometimes breaks she is ready for bad news. Unless she picture this questionnaire is intenled to their hearts and breaks up their homes. has plenty of natural courage, or has the suggest: the husband forced to join the Ruin the union, wreck the strike! There moral support of other women whose union, his small income lessened each is no method so foul that the labor spy husbands are In the strike. she is apt to month by the dues he has to pay; hlln will not use it. They can't go into b influenced by scandalous ie0s she will the outside "agitator" coming in and the homes and shoot down the women-- be Ihddi forcing the strike, the family at home the law recognizes that as mturder. lt For example here is an actual report hungry and sick, and the man down they can go in and drive up to the hilt of inepspy to the 'idetctiv'' agency town with a bunch of drunks. the sharp blade of SUeitcion, and do it so showing the method used: The letter stressed the "serec.y" of charmingly, so politely, so sympa- "'Last night I called up Mrs.-- the poll and stated "it is not necessary thetically! and told her that her husband was at , for you to sign your name unless you There are profitable organizations roadhouse with Miss - " Actually want to." McKillips said. "Every ques- that live on labor troubles. One is called the husband and the young woman were tionnairo I examined at Syracuse had a the Railway Audit Agency. Incidentally. both attending a local union meeting of secret identification number on it, this one is closely connectod, through its whilh they were both officers. The wo- worked out by a series of almost invisi- board of directors. with the notorious man spy was trying to smirch both of ble holes punched through the paper on American Liberty League. The Liberty their names. eartain letters of the alphabet. Whether League encourages employers to violate A highly organizedcampaign against the woman signedr her name or not labor's rights,. The Railway Audit Agency strikers' wives was urcove red last nlontth wvould make no difference to Lthe Iersni plants its spies-and if no trouble is in Syrause, N. Y,, by Budd McKillips,. or persons who held the key to the code stirring. they provole it, Then a third reporte for "labor.' A l u estionnalre and had registered the numbers along- organization, known as the Federal a- accomnpanied by an imposing-looking let- side the names of the women to whoIn boratories, steps in to ,el the employer ih from "Women Investors inlAerica the questionnaire was sent.' all he will take of machine guns and gas Inc.," 5S5 Fifth Avenue, New York. was The documents would do their dirty bombs. Nice, isn't it? sn,,t to the wife of each striker. At first work of creating doubt whether they Acording to the findings of the La clance the questionnaire might seem were illed out and returned or not. But Follette committee, there are 40,000 la- harmlasso-actually it was loaded with if they were returned, it was an indi- bor spies. It costs corporations $80,000,- pIopaganda. It was designed to plant cation that the wives were ready 000 a year to maintain them. This does susdiion in the women's minds. for further propaganda. Accordingly a not include the strike guards, or thugs, Remanrking that "strikers' wives * * stool pigeon knock. at her door, losing and professional strike breakers. Some have a greater stake in their husbanls' as a saleswoman. Perhaps the wife says of these spies are women. Their records jobs than is generally realized," the let- she can't buy because her husband is on reveal themn to be creatures utterly de- ter made the following statement: "As strike, The spy, with hypocritical sym- void of monural sele. wienitomake at least 85 per rent of the pathy, condoles with her-it's too bad, I can mention three ways in which the family purchases, they are vitally con- the strike is going to be lost; the strike woman spy is used. cerned with any activity which initer- (Coiltn IIuedl on nwst pale] September, 1936 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 383 Auxiliaries Plan Activities Women's Auxiliary A, rit,is days or fall start our blood letter must ,each s before October 1--that ,lr.Iilail WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 31, ,v frr .rr, womenls atxilirles sca.t- earlii somie of ott will have to sit down right terei 7,lel laIit lto weot are gainthrtig again this minutire anid ite uS, DULUTH, MINN. nnd olig inrto at lon. And thi it a r*- Not only for Oett.oe hut all through the I a,,mliio) 1 raGindr thlt we want to hear from you ablul winter %chile naxilirires air busy, we ,want Iil auxiliur; Ws'r orgar,uva,,o M~r h 10. whal i3.lt lif[iilnting and doing. ladame lots of liveiy inpiring letters from you o;it wLth 1a rignstratin o ,wmiwr*. WIe Plreidvnt, p'kase appoint a I.r.o .e.rctairy Each of Yo[1 ri chievinan is l inpir'ritn ht enaki iin r.t nrlar rislit long riL;h nWLVy or gbie instrtiuetins to the proe- to the others, so io'i be too. .odliest to tell ent oine tiht a lettr for your trIutp must your aeeomplishlillePerhaprs t new mXa- , t I,, d a tewhae 3ebieLr .i.ibe.. ,tsih, appfear,G, iG th,",a, O,t,,}erIIIIX, JŽt..f.I I1Ioeil l'][,oop { FRICAl,.unf iiMarins hlave orgrnizdr drurirg the sumner, II, bI hee nmdt fIr, . r, btislr W'Von :Klt, ], C' make Octoler the big mnalh, Rememberw, e en[dt knlw yeOU are there un- for nletin a ntd getting .ti.. il trltd iali rlyoTL a anneunce y,,ursel through the throul, l,+t e.lhlLnr of our magaoinie our J.OUNAL NeaL1)e ,~lh>5iEInrtn Il" William G staers....,sol.;tr; vllrl" o'td resln i,.I , rttoni;ol .I.Itrea-utirer. o p rlii'"r MrF', "' }l I I,,th ...roI Phri!- We met lhe i Fin; n h at 1i, Loh,,r Temrnle. rts arle ,lefwle)hd otherI''rxh n'eotilrr. sil otie~vite drinG }llib rlGner ha¥e .en slack bItt we expert to i, to work now tih i vealltane.an i]~ that e are e wold en joy ie iohelfrfll er - ili',ripg and would Ib grahTfl for tny Mas. I-owiEH ' rkre~soN. /~ Seei'tary. :!1l 'V IIth St., Duluth. Wenn, eonimittee ,, has srenflen li, the f.nds (arousinfg and entertaininw women the sor saw them at the hotel last niht. Also. the other men are tlhh'ihp of go- ing bark to work-in thl oiier slrikers' hllonr vsited the wo.men said so. Actually, "Women Tnvestorg of Amer la, Inc.. is a proacanda lnt n1111eiC taitld hy anti-uni.n iplys Me- IIurtrs r S. pritutr II .,inne L...e..oiii, Killips says he Ihas tI..m. eCvI- TOMATO AND DUMPLINGS {'{... . to prove it. iii aLT IUNN These ale just exanpilts .( low the Oh. we'll have chicken and dump- pan, vith eovr. Add the salt and iss contrives to p.ilon the minds of lings when she comes!!' goes a hill- pepper. Drop the dough over the xworkerwvs. Pirhap i tot have billy .ong. But you don't have to top of tle tonmtoes by spoonfuls, lnhedv sutffere from thlem PI hans in hav,,e ihiken in order to enjoy cover tightly anid Ihe future youh will be ,xo'ld hi thfem. boil gently for 20 ditnplings, Right now when there ,,inutes. Serve at onre. IonTi let themi hirt vil TIRN TIlEi ar loads of tmtoestmt on hile market * * . TABLES ON TIlE SIANDI';RF:RS. ani in the home garIden we want to YELLOW TOMATO PRESERVES Onp thing von can dldo{ to oin with the other ,ives In aln aniiary and suggest stwed tomatoes with deunp At the marke you see them lings. You'll find the flavors corn- aG iely work to aird lie ocal. The l ,t oidtherwonrulleach] baskets of little yellow, pear-shaped tlore youhnov aflont tlil, roik, and its plcinaitUn,, mehwtoolatoes. Maybe you have sonic in a Lies, the iess likely yon ,le to be And aren't the home folks getting our rn. n ii to in tired oIf ating raw tomatoes, splen- c eaten freI t mak affeted by lies; and the harier you are nine eaten fresh they Pinke delkicioudelicious dlid as they are at this tihne of year? ad t tirnkin n for the oinino, lice Ii likely you Ianlned tomatoes nay be usrd if and 1leort attractive-nooking pre- iill he to tolrate dirty whi.ners. serves. If You have yellow ritaleocs flesh are not obtainable. Anoither thing is to trap hlespy. If wailIebb do IIry this reip(: onn of thee eral irIs .-ihe.l ii com to r; ,tiftAtl, flour 1 rap m ilkn~~~i o ] mmdssm"'""l. irI.... sallallyi gl-vet 2 ImonaI no i s thinly-thinly our door with ir lies and were i Iteasle.ro bakinig , enug4id. ikh htoug/t illinde and qe,,stnced before Ipowtder ror.,orr saltWIeasp-tll1 tre·h , twed l i½ quarts water r'ils remolved ininessis, you..r honyn o .nvm.pathrtic. a h.swonWan will he crawfi iilag frying Ie tp I Vlorp l tt'I~~~~~~siioo~~rtao trilot o her behst to get alya. Sh* is probably an underweorld Icharacter lith a rinminal I' 1,l'jG,,o(sCobe the oians.....in one pint of crnord a large percetnian, of labor The 1 teaspoons of salt ani tile water till thile kinll i lender. Boil L. U. NO. I, ST. LOUIS, MO. PiTt+ .reil.h is tinally over and our local tumuted ihe f picnicspaily whiih iirl an READ annuai afirir previous to the beglnniig of liavrlg recently been appuoine ted [uress erc. that nevr to be forgotten era At our retary I am making my first rtteiip. a it in Use union rails, by L. U. No. 865. New Jersey electrical workers ad- pionic which was held at Locust Point feach item. It is surely a hard time to be adl on Lake Erie a utot enjoyable time was had to think when e're starting oil our thir vitte, by L. U. No. 102. by sOnlie 00 prsu ri, ma..de up of the faniilieb te,,Nth day that the thermometer has hovered Another big project in California. nid frilenai of Lcai No 8. A special ilni- between 102 and 105 dlegree. by L. U. No. 18. iation was e tended to the mlli.bers of the First I want to review ai little on theO lo' Toledo peaks. by L. U. No. 8. 'oledo Electi.kal Contrators Assoiatiorn tion we had recently. We halld rnictically an We initiate new emnbers, by L ind thly turned out nearly perfect ill at- entire change of officers. U. No. 761. tendance Refreshments of all kinds erL Business manager elected wa. Arllr Workers love the out-door. by serveul for both ya.ung aid ohl A ball game Sciiadiihlg, I don't think I need to give him bttween teans repreentin g the local and mluch of a send ofl is everynie knnwN he is L U. No. 38. Inwardness of truth "freedom of it co lrorcil r was won by the latter tean the one and only for tihe job. The election by a eomfortable illlgin. The eficient coim- returns showed what we think of hin. flav pre.s, by L. U. No. 77. uittee in charge was headed by our genial jing worked with him for Ilbou£t 15 .ioitla Event, in Alberta, by L. U. No. piesialdnit. Frank Fischer. The rowd caime straight I found him to be a true and loyal 348. early and stayed late and the opinion wan friend. International compelititiol, by L. Iianit.ous that it was the nost successful President elected is Frank Kaufman, who U, No. 734. picnic we had ever held. will wield the gavel for the next two years, Classe. in neon ailn, by L. U. No. 'iThe Iosul Serilce Plan. is still closed at and does he wilhl it when the boys Rot into thi itin, although efforts are heinr nlaid soie of their friendly discussions at the im- 84. Skilled worker.' dildemma, by L. U. .to aldjus£t the differences between the two proper tile! unions lighting for the right to organize the Vice president is J. H. ("Mack") Me- No. 433. workerl. rium results in this city it is Sherry, who will make a first class pinch hit Otlr correspnndnts never falter in evideit that plenty of trouble is in store ter in time of need; recorlding secretary, E. fir organized rlabr all over the country 0. S ahnl,who makes his reports over a public their pursuit of live , aluable material for this Journal. when the (C 1. 0. gels under way. We late address system which has been newly in- t, sec anything like that happen here as we stalled and is surely a great help for the buys have after years of struggle just got this at.L thil ear of the hall; financial secretary, tuwn ti the poinit where it is union conscious H. J. Morrison, who handled our finances so 'lasses lnd lectures in art aind lusic larch liMost of the boys are working anid those well that he was re-elected for another term; :rO,000 adults and children each yeailr. This who are llut will be vtry shortly. All in all treasurer. J T. Rape. who also seemed to be s 129 per ceil if the eiy's ploplulationi. everything is on the up and up and so ant 1, in very good standing, for he is again at Startad in 1903, it was the iirat museum In so will sign ci? here. the bat. The executive board is one of the the world to oirmNit children iiN..c.o.nii.rTid BILL CONWay. best, consisting of V. J. Fish, Gus ("Giusy") by adults, and to base, its educatlon on the LOepker, Ed. Scelirmir (for the wiremen) child as the most direct way of Ideveloping and J. A. Fuchs, and Beeorie Craft are the L. U. NO. 18, LOS ANGELES, CALIF. mainteace mieni, These boys are worthy art art.iovirigpiublic. Its collections rank in ilp0i'ttln.c abhoe1 IEiitor: of the job they hold and I know we are all all but those of the four largest rt mtuseuisll going to have a fair deal. Well. Irothers and other readers of the The exalnining board has been very well ot the eauuitry+ Mot unique is the LUibbey lO~iNAL. i anli wished on you for another ,illretion o[ ancient glass. whriil thle hi; 24 month period, due to the hortsight edness chosen. It includes Fred Blind, Dave Martin. tory of glass is shown in nany countries Cus of our new president. But he insisted that J amesMathews, Chuian an.d II, Stein consecutively front 1350 8 C. in Egypt; ta bruegge. I carry ol just as I have done in the past. A large percentage of our men are working the i.r.ilucts of today. The Libbey) coheotttni So. from now .n, keep onl LYE on the space Fintinlg stanrix with the gt.lat malster- and the outlook for the unemployed is niot of reserved for Local No 18 Sometime inl the piece- of the c AllAuntry, tuition is free, tot Gto distan future we are going to try dark, as we are led Ito eiere that fornext and there are no entrant. fes to thile gal- sunimer nlost of our stores are.going to be to reserve siace for another feature article. air-eondlitlned, which will mean work for us, lery. Free.i.re concerts also1 olle adullrtso tith aubject ii whlh will be. The Metropolitan a we .all will pick the cool places to shop and children. It is the nelest of the great a queduct. This is really one of the BIG when possible. It seems that the air-cooled museum plants, except for hat of Kana,,i undertakinugs of the centur. Just thilink of stores are the place.ls ila thu businress these City, whici is not o large. Tfile Toledo, the cost of it, $220,(I000l)0. The job has M.lusrun hot days. rcreives no tax support, hilt has he ill tuegSS about fonr years, and is been built anti mailtai..rl by the bltribu ocal Y< i ib guhoi to have a ;lrnn' Se,, now more than half HiiipleteIlgih lights teniber 12. at Triangle Hlall andi Pnrk, and Lions o many in lividuals, led by its founier,. of the job are its miles td miles of tunnels. 5o, can bet it iv ll be a real one with Charles Edward Drummnoni libbey. Its building is one of which i- Ifi miles in Ilength. A.nother I.. Biurgdorfer as chairnri. I will tall you apprximhateIy ill5 feet Ian .and 25( feet interesting itern is tile plipS, 8.$000 horst deep, and is located within grounds of ahout ntnthps. nliblmonth h[at a good time we had. [ower You clla readily see that it 0),re.s In e sltiateditent. in the henrt of notois, c'ior"]iioo 3.IHl,TO ('"MAC K"I McI" FidLiNi) is oiig to thake of an size ihe reidnei, and scehool distrlic, on the But I lilust not elaborate on this subject city' mntin street ar abild bs, ultes,. L,- tIa .uib, My-space is limited, Will tell you L. U. NO. 8. TOLEDO. OHIO olres aind a, or,,sacs ll and nnuic, a free a.l about it at son.e later date. school of design, cliia. es for houswivue:, for Local No. IN is certainly getting alod'n ti. On our mythical ighit seeilt t ic I, of omUnrrllere'al aitists, for rletn rltltnt sta ur lPROCGET s i our ,,ilddle name. We have a Toledo we take you now out,,treet Mont ,lirt., N rieal tanlk for irnn's indl wonleais line hbnchi of B rothers a officers, and a to the Tu.leda Museum of Art, a biildilu of clubs. special train,,g for teachersand . o. stIaed ill previous articlic, the niost fertile gleaming bIt. tet ill a backfoud of opaipntio, with iuhiethelind rity's ' pal.- idl Itowolk iu one could imlagine. I inil- ieautiful iandcapinig; it will create in your chiol schools make iit a releatilol center lmes Wollnder iif we will ever get thenm aIl miinid the illusion i an illlmmns rdiarmond of eLjilynlelt an, proil Lo so hilgl a group lgnanlebd. I shudder t, think of what the set ill a bed of emeralds if iadlltsl andi childill. "l' Slla l .ald.onitilons oul e houd t here were The Toledo Museum of Art, ill inilneila o the infmruition containedll ill tle Ilie- it [lit fur rgaiilned labor. The maatri and ltildlins rinliks anlong the lirst live art goiig paa'iipi'inpil, ire ,rlihilbled tl thiho hiplels of tile enitire nation have ia nnuseunis of the country, in n city twnty- ki,'dnress of ltrs. Bhlke-, ir' ,('lwini, thi southern, alioirnie their h m... I Ihai in sixth in siz in the nation. It euationall 'ratior of the ruseun. Iiild %letrlitsh and Ma,'nufaeturor AS September, 11936 Thel Journal of lElctrical [o,'kerls r I O .'totrds 385 I sa itjtiu, acid is tWit, bol h',', hl L. A. As cmy ri~det'isLr, Brother l':c,.Il- l0f Ior itili 'i'; , ati. l doll better i~halyLber o (i.ol..e, These twi oiatt- ready infiric.. you elillthat ua tci k next time. R. S. Ito(Y1.aN .attioIlr~tIe , rr. the Ite8h. 1I ..iuch harder i)];)(', rid III lnurlerutd tit r milbs pi'ked than welivt, II. ...illitO, :,ntl th;t N ,tayirLg The imebert .i I,.,i. No. 28 held their ,outt o tile gab aig, I at IladI Htnt iltuad quite ii hllt. Ionic ont Satiurdlny, August 15, at Blarrison By Lie. iia I i aiIr ihi, it, Diay l;rove,shore. lesort on the Chesapeake Bay fo till yefil will ie IlLi h itory. Orlcnc:ze Ta'k it fiecl] 'cte the -,,y.: >11cl wei t [t wea; sueeessf, u l a ud ryoevI i(iIjioyd them- dIi. i.. AIi giles is pjlnitic g lall .... IltriTOLghc l ta'trcicig protess :cclc at piUit to celvis . Stfil'incg 1on oIlr flilt' ll, ldlllg "itih tcrt lIr'd.,{ p t'ig lbad iii i t'tly il achieve tie results they did and it was aiboutt a pjilice esel tIn 'hcity line righil: thlrou!h labor icllveDcii i IIIrliu VIir IIIy. WitIIt Ifil!.A ltit{'r slate no one could ick art!d rld sigHntl liglhts ,illihi..! Al 1s im. itilht rIte if'it nllai'ti .LIat)00ill II Il lie tla t,,il ,t.s l it: ibe looked for fromin ow on. Wl~ I ch ")O) t It ti',Li.' WhjLI WI' call Nut te I.o.ecvc. y,' nackemr a Ii'rigtiy letter, whAtrefri'-shmo v ('tldits [I jattili'lhitill w;sci. In't 'I'AIII,faicIoicS O(1i beverage to all, Will give you lull (JlJ L{taisliI" .col.r i. ..(. urilIt uithe'ri'h'plSlicu t'it, Ie A bcit 'ldalI gatuc w' CcLi m&llltkii I hat BiothE Carl IC hbolt.' Mth.ijijI ONAI .jumcits, c~iut'd mmcci ~llUcirsrpotl weolt iphinned Wel~l ;l h.I. IIIIllu,,, Lm.,;dNo,. tA has evPillu IeucrtestIoiigrrltolctioS, aI~t g]'to¥ irll ii I ii iI. Il.I g. tiur ji thii... d..siii~l"Po" iirihIa. euo/iigeats h ameiii uidee AL3; p)Tt stuiiiiui'i i'r~ilu %%ereS'i'e 0' ectil'e Tiltey stIipd ril t i£ i tl I.... lhi thl th/ lMate. with every nice hcell' ' thi'UlisI t aild sei sciribe, ci dlandyllit/[et Cilriuaat Fcil' typeiwriter., 'i] ti. ul.tiEiri'llll geurtging sre, Carrying ii t. rt. Am, I., Ifijcilt( at lsing it yet, bill w''H'l )c' 'vi. sl]aie Di these nIcucc'u1 hute A I p, {i a pic'Iure wais takthe, and ItII givc lilt' time. ,\'ci 'sitcUp oerhki I. li Icl NIlar yland I'hwlkt'k t IllIe was servedI dl's the eibI'l IvitersI i Ie Ilhte 'If the ciftre wliich Wi.lt liii K. cI ldrawing fur pries, ,itiTEiNALi "'ill 'i' ,cIn'lh t'litvtj, My us tilckets rit ,illilni rs wirle giv9nr each as good fried >, le ll I I 'tr.ieDi/AtlI..ii I i ty. ula"ill'i thleil mililegle I) ii crLiltdthe istil" they t'ntecltLI tic' git{i. Among I ie prilas ti1 ie . gave the ndeat. Th..ks, I'uit.lle'h tliuw'y ithflt tIII ge¥nerally tish uucctat; hiet were electric wai/I' ii't eletric clothes VaI'rl fllir this %c'ihe Stlrts ALtgui, I[5 [ik. thesee.Tletruher 'arl has sIuice ;tlibtionn irons, pica Lhule]lens, t'te' And say, tinht goiiig geL',s'dl pig ii iuiL'h to alth (Carril AlirgtAilc guiutrato,uli Li; ,utllloiuhqlpr;..ht, lhlokJDam tilt pncv'c'touHit( I hose hIat ih-hp'e.s to cUrry OuLit ,hici ought to wais ic;uke 1'or a belttr oc'ciitiAatJon i Ild Irete Itie did {h, j3ih jr ~ldiiboidy ki..w whleL 1"'g,o¥eriil ltat it, t'ti,'..... th)il,'i i.d I titi ....rlU .1u ffil i I...... thel I high iiu muc biitter feeinhg. Allytiiug Ll all.1s wa Ihipig at. It riS ioteld by the writer lIw toe it clays, fiom tlier to Sin aiog aI hi' 'tfrille rouI. giving U> relo'k~ how the old tliners tilrl offu with a hbicui by I'ranci' to see lht' big iridle, frorr tlH.e to I...i.tliriilg neIrlhalf If ie]u cent if the gouilg to jIun liit' miidt.lklilg of the palst. Scoiakloh Nltl.ol.Il ILiI.k t, .Ie glilutilt eti [iie ls jguii/ tI work a.Ld :3.2 pi'r ,eit switlhicg jlluk' aoIIl tilililligd All the woods agao;i. Ii isn't so rnull only a iIh'nh/g W iipplttintiespii'kiDi created, ecl. yotligster eTild to tlilke pltieUhl rittt ef alimate ;ii sc'ivy As W, cli't wntcit iofths acid IhIhtuh. of lheile r futlreli si, W,' I'let ii'l hat lcitthi) Eiid los, hii, to inrllise o ill'd cIcltCi'i will hIt'e leie thil hecre tre a It'" I .... u.lt: vti'ulrigtt~li *ii aceit. WI' 'vi> tlo period. ~~~~J.Eq. fiORNE T'. J3. F'agr'nc, iliu fitl,,lrut'iu l ia'ntl; irlI'T·S Our rerets aLnid syllipiathy Brotlrs "T'I i" 'o, Shmidtt I'u.ze/...i. . If is shIorulci I'ore to tht sttclOi... I f Charles l)hai's (liw 'eti'{'d,,, TIIrIlii L. U. NO. 28, BALTIMORE, MD. sIOIU iii I*ui wi.nialerig rothier wle ihipe ( rieity; listi A. C' I'I ...'kr...tIIrI, 1f the so l,>' Eqdit... th;. t£hey will gie, ia , little ciinAuiht'iactiu fim; Joleph I)reislch, u' {hO Il)rich Electlri ()m CcciiiLsild li;tii l i~,tlct {, ¥ .t.. ..ay t.. sYl'ib the' icorcu t{{l' hicii ;r it's 0 tliptny. liIdly hier'ded iathoame 'l.ien',! it .see... that lhe lisy lioelind it Gio¥ge l.tnlctcof ;ittd [II the dlispeiser at IlitHSilay Li Lthi,l t Ill jiioi liii True ir ivilviilg [oll 1i't1 of thie u iLep ..out 1 tha fuilntain .il, did a orfeet job. Bothers agaili, iftetl i loitg, long rest. the stitks, in fact still doing 5o. we Iue at Itoy Beck, ]Ed. (i',.. ilntid (Caril Stholtz, tht KNOCK, KNOCK UPON THE DOOR OF JUSTICE 386 The Journal I Electrical Workers and Operators September, 1936 e irnnittee on arrangement,surely know how Pal i±noe. of this district; rprsnting the five and hitched it on the back of the car and to kick up a real pailrty and deserve a lot of mayor, who was out of town, was ion. James away we went. The Arst stay was Barry, credit as they gave their undivided time to B. Bllake, ilek of city court, and from the Ont., 57 miles north of Toronto on Lake putting it in perfect shape There was an- city council rI Baltimore City were the Sinlmo. We then decided to go to Sparrow olher committee who were the official greet- Honorables pt MoffVtt and J. Mullln. Good Lake for a day and get ourselves tuned up er5,comprising Brothers Fagen, Forrest and sports, this bunch, and it shows for itself for a little casting. We hooked the old loffnman. The third comiiiittee ere totake they favor union labor as they did not come outboard motor on the bout, but no luck as are of tickets and hIlp iI keepii order and to make political speeches but to ni with the far as fish. The ne't morning we left for they were the exeutive board-- roks.,, Mi heys, Brother Sehuenfldd,,IIw ii nllmerr of poinLs farther north. ,hoir.Parks and Yung, with John Franz, i No. 840, Miami, Fla., paid a visit to We pulled into (allander, Ontario, and Knoedler, Sells, ieuRndel, lichin, Mediei Ni 28. Did not see imi, but was told he of eunie we had to go over to see the, Dionne rid Thom pson. pli r"e'd to be getting three squares a day. quints, which was time very ,elI spent. e were also hntored by ha,ing with us Plrsonally paid a visit to Wilkes.Barr, Froml thee we pulled into North Bay, On- for the day our International President, Dan Pa. and met some of the old friends; found tario, and stocked up with iruvisions. e Tracy, and Ed. Bieretz, his assistant. These Geolge (eGphart to he the electrical inspector then started north to the Tamagany section Brothers seldom have time to enjoya and Ire! tuhe/I onIlthe city examining hoard. and puled in at Geurge Hughes' Beaverland pleasure of this sort and were,,,we very Boys, you surelyare pushing to the front. (amp on Martin Lake. This camp is located pleased to have them here and see them enjoy Cnnglatulati ms! And Brie McMillan. their three miles off the Ferguson Highway through themselves. Also, I want to mention our ote- ftri:ism.il secretary for many years, married a stretch of forest trails. The writer was of-town guests who were with us, Brother ror ~e year and no chickens Better move doubtful as to whether we could go through Proler, business manager Local No. 26, to another neighborhood, Bric! I am send- 'ith the house trailer, but found that the Washington, D. C., with Brothers Noonan. ing a pictre of the picnic. if I am fortu- trailer followed us very nicely without any Bosh, Iolt and Girard. of Local No. 26. From iite heauugh Ieia.e it in the JOURNAL. look us troubIe wiatsoever. Local No. 313, Wilmington, Del., were Broih. aver. So, until the next picnic. Next morning we got out the fishing ers Charles Madden, business manager, and tackle and started out. It wasn't very long Herman Seheehinger. From Philadelphia, The Entertainment Reporter before we got caught in the rain and had to Pa, Local No. 98, Brothers Robert Moody, take it as we were six or seven miles fromt business manager; Joseph Hikey, president; camp. We stayed here for two and a half L. U. NO. A. Roth, financial secretary; J. Ennis, 38, CLEVELAND, OHIO days and it rained most of the time and no recording secretary, and Joseph Harrison, Editor: luck on fish. We then started for the best executive board. And our good friends from The writer herewith is offering a sugges- fishing spot in Ontario, namely West Arms Baltimore., Md., were none other than B. & tion, and that is to publish iII our magazine of Lake Nippising which is located 65 miles 0. R. R. Local No. 865, nanmely, Brothers iH. (TuE WORKER), articles on outdoor life, to west of North Bay on the Sudbury highway. J. Doyle, general chairman, System Council be written by the membership. I think it In order to reach the West Arms, you go to B. & 0. R. R., with E. 0. MeAbee, recording vould be of interest to quite a number of Warren, Ontario, 45 miles west of North secretary. Montgomery. Gosling. T. M. members to read and write of their expe- Bay on the Sudhury or Soo highway, turn (ooney, J. A. Morrie, W. A. Owens and W. S. riences on hunlting and fishing trips and south at Warren for 20 miles and there you P'eragog'. where to go for the best bag and catches. are. It is located between St. Chartles and During the afternoon speeches were made The writer and his wife have been going Noelville, Ontario. from the rostrum of the dance pavilion to the northern woods of Canada in the prey- You can rent log cabins and boats very starting with Brother Forrest, our president ilnc of Ontario for a number of y,,ears and reasonable The camp is known as Port and assistant business manager, as toastmas- .e have just returned from one of the most Cherriman or Bay View Lodge and is man- ter Brother Tracy, I. 0.; Brother Bieretz, enjoyable and sucessful trips ever tken. aged by one of the oldest guides in that 1. O.; Brothers Moody, L. U. No. 98; Madden. This year we were able to take our two section by the name of Boufard. Now for No. 313; Preler, No. 26; Doyle, No. 865, daughters and a friend of theirs to accom- the fish. We started to catch pike, pickerel and Sholt, No. 28. Each received a big ap- pany us on the trip, so that left the writer and bass immediately. The next day we went plause, and how! with four women. But the fine part is that to Campbell and Barrow Lak. by boat, which Other guests present (and while in Rome they all enjoy outdoor life. is six Miles from camp I.n order to get did ao the Romanis do) were Congressman We rented a house trailer to accommodate into these lakes you have to portage a darn PRESIDENT TRACY AND ASSISTANT BIERIETZ ATTEND A FES' September, 1936 The Journal of Electrical Workers aiml Operators 387 about 50 fiet in,, hei~ght and 500 feet* previously suspected of having any- long, carrying your boat all the way. thing in common with the wrkera ha.e You eaou L get int [there lakes unless aided finanllcially as well a{ with a you go hy boat, as there are no roads Word of encourugement. uinding into them. Arid buys. what We have beer, foltu int with the fishing tzr un]s,hiL is for bass. pick- poalitc ar. having a luabor mayor anld erel illd northo rpik e. I have never tgovernor who has leorned whaI seei its {rlual. litste used June bug trouble is when the tatiolupu dguard arid 'pinne, ria d.li idala ilJ sploos ani, Ithe state polie a' Lbirouglht itll Lhls typeli~Ff labr dispiute. 'lhii fast tbatr liveL die;, pecrri'lthe LUh n frolm! 1 f'tir i nches to six he is running for ra leeiunr thi ll Ill tcaihi[tm$r pitker l xve w ouLldl oath b hIas added to hi, rluctlIace to On-Wl*l Ihe perehen a4h, .oIi. f the . hoIt inl the call of the lenr t allie., the NI%>-h tbaitoIl holks, fIhe cast on tih oIl ier imtton hiilustril Vouil, the S,,ttl sie or tbi{le at andi haul in pikre rel hamber of (omn.eree.. a.. I o.ihrl or d[isr Oilma W~ Lolid IrtIL iiit ' ihAlt cllnizations th t are Ii ltIr the l1u AfLer hi da(iy's fi.rLt ,e ,.liit baik oflnce "the bosen'. to Iatp] ind atftete I11ii, 'II[I TITI, 11il'I iil O'I'0 AItMWI 1:11ID I AT ATI.'NTA 'IV i,0iAI UNION NI,T4 ANDTI L'"'AT. UNIIN NA, fl3W September, 1936 The Jownrnd tlih'etriced WorkIrs and Operators 389 I am sorry that nly letter Iur the lat issue g>ln, ll.lhp~ Ihan thIl fr l aor board, also assistant businiess manlager: did not reachl thiftlee" In tlule. wa. delayed, reikiJLjrI'heililb.Li. .... ciI tl -, ]}{i'hi~,iiiit,]iLIl. ofIier trade,ii skillikil Maurle BerklwiLtz, for years a member who ii izetting the piltot wouli Ie rI ttiil'ld IO)r lal'rii'uabiity ndil kno w. whIth it is alt about anI your humble P. IT ITA. riiaiikiliLl tllil&rth a-p , tiIt ughts of ie- serttnl.t the writer. Evanill[, board WI. VeOpi"g tr.dl. rkilI. er J ilol..lian, cl .nn,nd Pierle Si A.l..ii Lexi' II '-ltIrtoi If l'l, i tavI 'arthy. JLck (otter. Ir<'Ly A. LuIors and L. U. NO. 102, PATERSON, N. J. flild..... i. fu .n...L.ni al Aiileraul ktal John J, Fal"rrell Tes, fe yolunig me. up rid its s'tr' if tinIorsemeLt IoIl ll tor tihe fist time. pnltkiiklly, should go a fhe· New Jersey Still- El'lril WlorLers olr't illIIeII illt in ri [i IInr uf I h.lih lOZp Way. A-Eneiation re-rei .it. ,t 1B] I. It i> W. ,local President; Kelley will lolne Lianlia make apitnillt ,iiio.Li has reehl, an alinahit it,ttotiiltl. Therkinlg mliiiNin ]'oi,- i ! I'cit ot'l t3hrih merits anti whien t hey are matte known [ shah ,C thir difrrfercesw ith the uibic Service liiii i4ll A....iiit kil'i i I- i ,Ii iriilLoIriI'f I.ha,h teli i etekhit rlltilF then iei liihp,rs via tIne WOlicrit.. Eletril Ion ThrlThIgpni. aeent th WhI Ilili> h ii , i .hi 'ibllie i riililtoh il th' near ftuiire ninny imlbnrttint piees raieiLd eletrical c.nstrtilt 'ork oin sub of legilatiii J d dI II I I n t 'l~lOl ¥iI T~':i~llI Ln} , T,.lama which will "raatly atffect the -atinrs thlrniimiihiit it.. enLtire 4LiLtiil lit, nimti.r.rs oin. it l.ica, will lie pjrestedii to d p,'rtorme d by i. tL ,F. .i..,ilner.. O~le}lhtgiht\iVi'niFt'ltitithtyrr legislature. I suggest that the hlelmrs keep rhis slttlr'n/ertt cilunt..I 'd a IlIe l I'- i tI thenel.nes ifirntred is too he, bills ii pre aged byh the el, trical 'vnkn> of New vent giti...I'LLs li ntiki' inlrf. ls ml o.... r won. Jers" ajidiflstj tIhI opet Shp pol.yIL thL bythe pa~ssage if }aws¥ whi, h wviil create liavoc 'uhiei Srr.l.c Flectrie Cot[lilni S. 1. t'R]jTtIANO. with a, l tauiNeayvery i-k i ptit r Tle ialllpaitniwflR Spout0ned Iib [residront lien, 'FtIlii" L{ harlie L aftey, bi,.Iness ['lie ii< CIell l.ipcv anid CV'uil d )1j L ipeei dI ..... ithit trI Itjiin oi NoeI nih0 p Le manager of I od Ni. 7, Spir]gtild. Mass. the New ,f(r cx Srll, Et qi-Ih:al W,,rker. n is.~ II I' ti t . Iele InirII 'n't a corking I ... f'llow,,s the nleImer of V.0'ci;Llon utit. r the ,tild dhiectiti hip 1< iu t Nt. 1I 'VillteLily, afilr the lely %itc- Pie irirrit Vinier. ]~ibmtor ot J~r'scarcl Crtr andi kmin tieatmei-it they rcAe h therih [ I.. F; I,Irolnhr M. I[ i c:,il. ii ilh, 1;t it, E iii,13.. ' illM,H fllfill,'ln wirking inlimit terrrtur' dulh g tlIe ltil ,f a o 'ifrio t ;i~ £,i tanih, lerI, Ap'' ii. "I, .k. bEIrTi IV L li ' ki rIh ii itinH, I'l I.i, ..i, i jlb I h, ld dih I I{hp/,~ , - 9:~ t, I. 9; thi- NIal', tii:i,il¥ 13,00,-II Ia Iwe[ftllu N,) pllut llied .If " hifll{~![ thil we:ol{[[~ 2! i {1t rnI ii l L U. NO. 104, BCSTON, MASS. rII I't p%,' t f t j ti...... ~ it , l I- , -illkl 2t I Ihzdh- bi' tirrii,,il i ,:L [ew Ii i iIsIi I " . i· l : ,r l fi llex ti iiHi,irI, ro til lc,. If l r .I KdRitr, It , i t, i I I LC .1'Ia - I do, no, thnk, I , 11 "itabow ib Iiig.~n e1is Le I- I li ectt.. . iut I il to k i .irthe.ipi i -ro,io: fri-ir d nilh arhy I~~~~~~~~~~~ Ub ,igiht ri"im- e In.... regard. Itll It O.m TIhli' i:ll ..t.',t ...I 'ii ' of iii l ii Iii I -i ti LI I lI L 'r tb'h 1,r I j lii- iil rig;, i i u tary 'o'll i on I s:t, ,ot aIllO i ll rl.ltirH lA, h. gI,,., linOt l hite lrt ftl thanr tto l i(lt'.r.c Iir! \iNhirlo A t~i}t olt-i te irntl W eer rhatoalit , ,f t{ i' rew~ hF ili.n hi IlI l,In t '1l Iti, Iii spl t ]'reC, (AIdtH t., IrI. Ka.ie 1, Ial Nie[Cot a tri airer,illi... lh-IiryI r. iiiV., Nh'u li'' trs; it busherSn ir a n/naii ictn; l; rl( ( il I.n..er ti3~ Al]iu.r I Norikln hiiii·I;Anl~i'anI "ll-e "AF~ i;lilpIt I!I rI in...llis h,~l timq-ifIlot Ijo lien wel, tItI ii inii\..1 (~~~~~~~~~~~~~l..ili'l l11 ilsv , ,, a liln. proveI... I;: t - ,Il ee, eitsi oif texe-lit- ive htnimi&l.Ii Litrilelt ilt!< ... n, (.lp- hugl, Em,edoridvi Ihlls J. SwinehimLmil,-r. A. Hopkins.} ] Shivers, ;in ' un>' iii ptl',1 nIn-t to lean 5 I a{I 5yJ , din Al ,rant. The ili--dlal i ril'lrtldl miff,].i roilll tt Litist[ Iariid It...s oIi thle sroni] anII i muiilil,eersi'ltrv >iitirt }'he ill Lf finp it indh LI ] I h, i, ehi theg ,',,,dj he isodrng;flinal .. .ecrntaryi foutinhI 'Juueday irimi 1 i: ~iicuie ~ln I w~iil {}! t, ple nf ilh, lill¥ni et, J/,}lH J, H{,ga, whint hitifq tribllle Ihmn 'Old /i, iII iti.i Ili' inprmi oif the niagazln Fho entire i-ontrio ,l, y tn-~i -,W lv- t{i F+'1il~}ftl! ; IIq...... JILhipe Nilr...... I AN lBrtmtter Ji O'Neih, bughne- na~nagfr of mini Iiisi frti-L futu of th thii... nnientpill ¢~qft f , el . ILo it~J~,2olp ni fpL r ; NO ;;2+;, Vf !.nwrenli MiES.,gpita detailed Corinp f oir rnal ioh, i rllrji an raft. In, hei indlhtnnl I- ytnlit[wiydnee Imuh }), ill fidlixln~ Illeli wer e'Jt"CI' oitl~i{ nf thi' .ltei t t/I establish a license i all industrv belong iI, ths lle Ilkal uio n thP1,o Ixtiyei 1'. a, :I;l I;onr I*: U,I% l jo"I law frir lint.. en in Mnssae usetts. I lould rearrdhes, of the tyIpe nf wonr wrf.rniu.d by aeni{%na%ith [treat krwledg, of the l ike Iti 1 Ct[e inl of niinters orf th n ini.vhIhmri. I he intiLildiul ledI,li- s tili,,- hilji nlbvlini+ ewk ,ho Iiut< Li uiLwhlyN ,house of l pese'lltalhies in MasiLchuseti ,,1rIII i,,IilvriualI raftIilL LaI he lit''I ol eg al ,ho, sl tepl thIe u.i.nitteile iii tfitig to pui part tE of the tIi Itt I1I( In ll uip thils roll, IoI 22 ?'nt a iulihnlr Itt thel 'elrutiv, 1k uloe eitrl-rgni i tsi, Fir,,, oIf nrrfrll zii>ii Tihtre i, Iro ilt tl 'le iC' to lllt ilie IltniininedllitotlT r n il.a ,lf inlividal, with this type of orIf nnraitirm ni. Iheri it lendership lappi- to ib in IthilelnIte thle ,iill% tiwtin T(; Iki inll D'el NMiine.t Iwa, '~ es1 am[l p pn llbiilt Augut 25, 193. . The fillhinig resolutien :,i iltduiJolid ,I. I. N, 11-1I1, thv ]abnihrL. pbliI-OTiiiia nihomliv 'inDlliilii¥ d i liu h, lpihltiiitmti B.t E. I a. tou"r tii* ] tl~fl' ni ]Ovt'rint l]Iu ( u ~~~rI (t'c mili re'tnlqi]r n1,nm-imgl ifn th, nil,)ith f AUgUhLt, ti'uiight. lI regard to lbt( article plilished the .ie... . ill the Itlr llt Representative Sirois. of Lawrence; Repre- sentatire Shea., of Cambridge; Repreaentatlive Irwin, of Boston; Representative Landergan, ELECTRIFICATION of Lynn Representative Oott, of Arlington: Representatilve T. P. Murphy. of Bomtn, a Twelv Thlouand Miles of TracLage of 20 Carriers Suggested as Ready member of Loaal NO. 103, Boston For Change The following made every effort to defeat C. J. Mc(;lOGAN, Ice ' i, the bill; Representative Tarbell, of Linhl; By Representatire Lietw ielar, of Newton; iet- {hlltriilcaltion of 12.000 ,iflh' if flack (n 20 stelmm railroads, producing a resentlative Casey,of Boston; Representative putitlleiuiii iannuai energy can aiphtiuil o[ iHg}f0,l}0O.lOl} kilowatt hours, is siggetsted Crosby. of Arlington. Don't for:et these by t'h P(dhrl lower Ciamna'is in ini l ts eortathe suivey ot national power resoe. t a satdtIt haht t it uuldlnt het inferred that tihis mileage is all gentlemen when yon go to the polls. that may be ehectrhit or that ih, lul, iihoe been ie suriiellt detail to warrant Our new president has sup.n.led.l the definite ri...l. lo shot tlihe ele"'sugge through all our institution until it has be- That is tIe tnis point of the whole act--that With very few exeptiols the eieetrieal vome a sri.ou. mena.e to their proper tuneo- a man to wIk ait liletrneai trado as an inside workers employed by the publicly owned city tionJng. Its objective Is not efleieney or wiremIan ,liust he troaifnt. We are proud hydro are in a company union, called the service, but control, and its methods are of the fact t hat the nsembe of! our organ- Civic Federation. They have discovered now rirnpagadna mirepreseuntut l i, vilifeation, latiiril ie 11IIll proved their worth as trades that skilled workmen Cnoriot iegetifali for or worse. men by pasirlg their exainiinatiou and, more wages without being tied down by a burden However. it is the Amtrilcan ystem for so, by nrointlrniig their uiion affiationa and of unskilled labor and offie wtorkera., Ii other rUnning an organization and every organiza- making their living at theil craft through all words a lineman, station operator or wire- iont. be it religious., social, frarrLsl, polit- these lean years. If the priof of the pudding man cannot hope for an inerease until the icM or eoanomini,inds this ilnier~ at work is in the eating, then the trre proof of a city council can see its way clear to grant one illii itself, to some degret, at ome time craftminlai' worth toisin his ability I, sell his to the garbage collector and the ldg catcher. or ltther. craftsmans hip to hia employer aini] he en - Not a happy state of afairs for skilled work It is the great Ameriran (pultical) game eral public. A man to do that today nntd be ere to find themselves in and surely an indlca. tlit is leirg played Out in the A. F of L, at true to his organization in face if tile n,.- tion of what would happen if we haild indus- 'he present timl. llbe ehh "sli."' The petition frmn, unorganized clhiselers hia iriai unions. "i,." want to stay in; the "outs. want to get reason to eongrateulate himlno!f. [he Inidlus In reading the lelters in the JOU naL I i. s, that they ca le the "is , trial Standrls Act iN fralned tu gurllanLee find myself prone to read the short ones and Ilow are the 'outs" to get in his existente as ii irrrasa. pass up the long ones,a so line are going to be Well, the indureftril ulion Aea, has been But the art must be iEilifed iand the nem- short in future in the hope thtat tore will qiite popular in many quartets for several ber of the 1, B E, in Alb, rta must ee read then,. C, It. Rlosr.s. pt'lirsa ATin, it Wa. rot only thie .aiest but that it i ,lfnretld. If you buy anl auttinribile h miost logical way to orgai several large, and leae it in the ariage it doles riot In Yu organzediniutriul groups. Then there mueh Yu.dYou rons use it. Sl ou nust L. U. NO. 613, ATLANTA, GA. wniien rwviuI thrryInizatio s ithin the use yo. Industrial Stanlards At. f11 it A F. of L. that were orga nheuie ore or less wear L. U. NO. 702, WEST FRANKFORT, If you ,.lohi 'a'w sen the smiler of oe. ''earing a nice little ;utrt,I1 t lbe iFn mlembers at ,urlat local imeeting. y.n au ILL. if saome rgeat itiierti; ional ',l en ii, and tn tilhe JOY'. Bl Editor: readily delta te ihy all it w'as a t llOt. All hands and the hip Another rouLt framn the cilreliondent in that button nud theptrr Mt. Ch'lare p" s of tile laltiirmie & Ohio Ltu FliiEND) thut put a ihlit: of tI ii the th' ]ilan, give a lillip to piroductin l. anti Railhoad i oul etiii1..i . r....iL d on Lil ;I)...Ap'lae·( Aolr tihat piLmodII ,,II LZi]~ L; n/lll(e;;.ta I .I, -i; ,,r bring upl ploypcmii ilto work. Amrica (!hei'olet job lit Duial'hk. but wMile Ioea l ~ht I ;, ,t II) il, would againlie irosperous. The planI No. 8(5 lns iiot A, 100 jillr nl rhI'jiHi[DZtiOll What L p]'t I don't thilinih Ii' Ia ll'thie'. would at MI. Cinei S ips it has the bIlAstr oA gai d flot if he wai, we111 wtuIpl l bili' belneit I 1,000,000 people and its ,'raft in Bit (lare.[ lere ate till hlIy t,,o I,[,],, bihi l, l II til 'j. i I I It l ll applieation 'ouldi cost 20 i.iard dollars nen that wot,'t begolliie ilOiieibirs i1 i1t lurid. per annu. It 'Iii'i'e t,( a. bad edcii i l l. tak I t ihio,i pt would be financed by a tax Our onipletielLt anI tLlient. pliwiil, II. l Ihui X.i[O.. ..ill hiore ill Qtl... ', AiAy ;th..... on the sales of all gioods and services. In Ja.,k Moee, also ehaiript o.' oI r ;rtf-t }.L hii'eu tv,'phs ago., ATpl of tIn' -1 2.00 olt ri'der to looist tie idea, Townseni has l¶A(IhiAre, lit d ir rw or ouIri alc t lyeApI llitiAuA . I'll", }1 t~IO I'N th I l,,s ill.d o th' li set ilp 9,000 "Townsend clubs'" in I3 haY1 riqed Iverything [Im.s..ile Ii geA tAlIsI' d1ildlr hll'Il i'tt.i Wirat a ]hMti u It in, states, and i'rlntly held a conv(ltimi menA hll'o thpi y d huftthey jsl t A hotq..I l/... tile~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~L~Iii tiers dH' ii s ,ii ih,li,p llA IuIrtn A 1i', uijwin in (lIevelanl which was arttnaied Ih BIill [lepS.· O Aerpis m~ o[Etl ixp aIalit.. LVPD it1 :l 'l'hee is (ilt.e fa.or thaI tAIn .... IALhI' f II UOi) delegates. Iineld No. 21 I I,, Io I the iM'hlilhilir oA i' In order to kit'1 on good terms with N, i15 tilf Lliit is iilf I. iyo th ' i thutc IIl iltho'r budding fit'Lau.tp's lIe inivited them travel anvwhiurp' uid run t't then' Lby thei tii thl Lonlvetiiti antl ]i.tloose ill oIyln- Itili ore & O/li lilillp,d iii nr ei l&[IH-I h'e t.l IliC Contest b(twe(]'l thell. Anyone LBS' ihat luilr niil. It lle of te fAIw I'iiilitvas 'niuld say ainythlng, even t lli nost op- iIIn the t, l Jl i e, %,fot ;ar.zeA. t,..r. I p)osing Ihings. ani everything was ithave l'it'Ii/l t h OWi i i, li yl ti l mIdi mentioned. Ihe.t was only one Ao.di- o t'r uile,' aii [i a..... tl ;:i Ikln w h I,,,Villis grood i'ihlrnid eq llriell :it anlly 'Lilold ilill i tior -the sllikersh 1ust e ill favor of thie .i..ir.itr. ill.I t.vu' y le shituhi l the Townsend plan. Father Coughlin. that the Balitt.l,.e & Ohio Rilhil wis twi ihe Roman (BollI llia wri 'dess priest, non oilly rltlOail ithe east that was in. stop speak.'r ani I'llner rival of Houy of reducing tiII raiiodl f'are to two es Long, was the)e si, was the Rev.G erald a ile,. ihit .'u... at.Ir as thit will Aut L. K. Sith, a irotestant pastor of only Ikeepi th., rntei r of Local No. SO.l wor.k ing, but might he the t/mis of 1keitling qfti, Lonuisiaa, andil th itest str in tht i,'lbe.s of Lcal No. 28 workin Ita rdi; American d liagti lil:li'mae 1,nt.In th, inibters of othrll loalsi tl. theIilffrernit ipilts ht',nanl jalgi'( or tie baseball field, eath ,n ih, BItllniore & OhioIailpaaId We ,imael, Aiant shoutel lie tither down, or thIlought this appeal to llloal unpin' mriiitsr living he had. I)'.[.Wl'luws..nd, who is also a att all points ont the lBahimnore & Ohiloai ('lev[r titAL, listtilci smiling to it all, oi Ull t tlt 'l, serivi' [ in 'libtiIeiit tll,i, the Clop hebas 't'gisteir'd his boveeit'nt as a L. & P.'s chiel AIt....litlt &a "]iL I Ill imiit stocI A ..n. pli y alnd possesses two ilronld. W. AA. Iq II ;o~, o teile thPe Sla.r.e which have been E]!,cldm dIi I II eliu issued! It is laughblah, ihit there is reall iiithinLg to laugh a[,t. This kind of Fas' L. U. UNO. 1118, QUEBEC, QUE. Itill bsA sALlLe SUCe.SS in the Tllitdil uli aultr oi ril Ai pru( ri ,, I Ali pi b iti States, jitllh]as hs it Ii polp, lJi'tig'nm. adll Ilia]{s exclusive appeal ti. oice illile Simni i last WIilliag tlhilg tLat belief in miracles which is Loda havl h.ip (enIc.l .i.lOiii]tlh (lil ily If t2hithllu&. all too easil] aiouseid and exploited TIhe (lWt ii...l.( tii ilto C. l lli. ll uri. d li tl in Iu('io Wh! alp un...Ilable I. . t . tllt liu elt','tIiuIh . . arnid tA i II'I, Itlll a way wr riiilac~~~ ilJit'eii'ihiuig > i',', ti'ipII ]t'I nI,Ih I. I N tIhai P Ii1t'ir'ev wll IitwehoLYt' hI N Z.II.Ih,.I H.Ill. bae'I, hi nII of the *'uOlilW depression.The head [Hlltioi pltLy it iOW fop ALdie l i I.O.U way .. alde by Stnlti movements is shown. tor years· r I'hislhiaI h1[n, I tioi is II[tltls, . xai.l.('. by a balot of listeners II htIL it Iw II'IIIs llhii. l'['hi' wIi p iIhI liI til.en. rtc.iitly by onei of the broadcast is 'iqghit As ifor yoitrs truly, this is on {ei [M ailil lr: b I~ wy~ilde rI IrpipA Io1 theI IIo I I [rig sLatiols, in which 12.000 ,,vote wer 7iiliowers of bt iith aies We will s ,,who iia.dt C..r the New Yorlk Phiiharmoni For the nf It IIII:I I A ht t% o ill of $1r1y lltly uitter thi.t t I Orbhestra, u.t l9,000 for latheL ,ihatis intet'srtuM I have illl thelakep standillg: it sc triNUOOLiom iiittil. tpiiort {it. h11m,I, . "t., (Coughlin (;'rald Smith has no program 77, Liberals ill . . .what u (barge. Nipi 4Iht Ilir I "I Ihhe 'it , is l~ . nl, ltbt~ we will see }low much of theiri' eio but Illny sIuprirters. He fnows ho. prAmi.e, will he carried ,iii. a M i ii si A ~It so.ix i p hitl hi, , Wto in oA',r ]*'uple,n Il he aimslt the Well, ill the Io. .hae hind their]iAliays it.ni.l.dat Oliga.ii tiion fa detachmenI by ow, Ld As I wrotel f i'li hihaiig l it W1,Mi Itw ti pAIA ylilt'I h i it ] x H'p' if str.i. .. tro.A s f I 00.000 Young iG.. f , A, al , t',h hiilt i. iii iii i Wee 1 o, pl)tlie some good fishi sturis, thn' w , somie gnu,,d Suh I.i.t..ie.l. shoulid nither be oho's g~iLlg a.ouni E. nclosI.. is nidc lt over- nor tunde-estimnatcd. Thlo New of a rliee eathL hli is Brother i'pttlis i D S AR, I I V.A F OlR YAllc (iplln1ri papero called the "Neuv, holding a string oA lake troul. Any irpfi.rm.i I Ll~ilu d I b I iilhoI HqOi:l~il tiiq ' ll' sIist IIF}1 l l ]i h~¥p. Do1 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t11 1]olkoltll (iiit ihmkt tion that aIh or mir B Would.rothers lik, to (hbosg J~ 1L Volkszeii,`tun'' wrie in thls connectio tllhaIlt the hlgates (to the Townsend. get, jUSt as.J amil we will gladly Ilus, ihig lifotio' Ihl l . I1 It ll,i teli l, boy,Sdt ilh 'Ihll is,II I AL,(alilt l t .,eItnigh 'ule I i whatI, I II 11weI I kinw,11.1111):1I 'II,sAd IL..w toig: AtN iAIliiAiA fI..(.t lAiidcJt . coivntilon E]ld.) ,area cr..s-sl tion ot Ai AI h e ,'Il: I us l If l' .A ' MwliA Af I ti ti 11 ' , iji iols it'f Aeir'i'i electors. Thest' Ii r i 1(A r. ,o]l itll! w t ( ' {I' millions I1,1' ptolitieally completely ill Thlings WeW..ld Like ai~K.,o, mature Te hav c , 'rti n fixed ilit- and 1hose whp]r omiis fulfillent iye Who is tilw s'ithbil..rd.... rItlor tPhiid ..ut INDUSTRIAL-CRAFT VIEWED FROM ~iu lil,,,, lb.17,fil·m, 'cive lot in the wtds and wits so scItrel that, It ABROAD their vot., Their [itreit Bin polities trlle2w uwauv anll/' 1 fish],n e'qtti.....'It, ~lIII A is ,r'..ssed. only a few wveeks 5'''tii'e if hI' twi'Igot oiu alie( h,'ould hr'ot the 'l''ti)ns 'pnd in this WaY swear .iff is'lig ft'or fit,.? Wa.s it aI ,ase pif exl rinal t'irr'ulisltl'ces arid politicai ~ setiJg pink ']t'jihh.titA oI tin' eIts? i AhAi Stale, hldayti doi·lagiog heel~lill lie1ii loit JlprlD01ll/ Who is Alh BIlitlilp' that left ht' Oi a1 T' he~'i f i t~ ro l/ ~,'s pt'h o e r toapih~a te nut factors. t Ii' ih i, A tA t Ihi ai t h i t br a n g i t wo r kA, of, ]on sightd policy and :eaI [ fishing till aInIdlmos .. rArgt what the trip Dp o w71s~1, wait, (~,, y A...... wA..e. Irefonl airi unllld such eirumnstaiies ,,I. all r Ih [ bU,', ALt irlt hipiidI' i ...ilt's daltidit faiulue IA...he oliulset.' hail patsed? i[JU /i,I l~,, o l~Id"Im I h,'o[]h wLrh~ *if Who is tin ih'i'lcti'ai that wits MOal. d Htler' aid Ausstlinni were also not iiioii thalt h. tlmughi it would Ih' .jii as Laeniseriously at first, bitt today we "yell to Alt 'vet ItiLidtl Ls insid, ailA aild ' Nl ' l I lit' cuti ' "l'' j1i td i¥] g A ol u n til [pe l know thatI ltol, wit' are "pLlitically a .l..i'kictg ihi tih' lake . . lies.h. i.I ll/? I]ll'i 3{i] diays atItr hie lits ulpiw ns i ., in matul'e m't some.tines extri>n ley On)' tiliLg I 'Ok]ldl lilt, to know is, 1,hoWas This w iuhhl, auIorI ling ti, tih spsliri (If useful. 394 The Journal of E'lectrical Workers and Operator September, 1936 John M. Pollock. L U. No. 64 Vdfhttlatd Julb r J911 II l~ Wltblor, and dlep regret that we, thle metfirs Il Lo.al UUoE N..O 4. 1. B. B. W., r·eordI 1.the p ng Ofa {rUe and loy al BroeIII. MEMORIAM 0~~ Johln bL poliock. [{aeo]¥1.1] ThaI we Day Irlblitt toHhi, memory hyi p.reng.. to hib ifster [I.d brotHEr OUr IaerPl.. Iymptuay ~ a{d he it furthr" ThaTnall. t e....I I f thes. fIIIOIAtifrrl b,, Fred J&lho, L. U. No. 195 Theodore R. Bridges, L. [J N.. B-837 AIPxllt F11,1I thoII, Ef f11I.1 E. lltJ.I l otl tGor hptlb1 it111/'alto. iah, a InI ({I Diathdtvd Mal 1,, iUl7 a copy,U TIW PIn{I to11W l,UUN UEI,.IdhI Cr.a be t,,.d {1 III lliloh,.,,Pfurther lrxirsivd. That the member stan({ in slenn' WUh..... A1.4dlbty GO({. in. {IHA{nl Ple Swu ng, 1III "I, iiiii M.illill Ll( 'l for one` mh~ute ns I trlbnte to hl~ memory n do)m. asr 8e~ {it io ¢~8]1fro{ our nillder oiir e~ l.,d BPHrother, Fred J.eh,., wo hailf p.as{ .III W hat,I a It w.i,,, i th M~ PsalhhndllhI grhved that wu drap e our charter for a perio d of 30 I' "~ll ll, NTW" i. 111lII ...1 ( I ...I 1.lll l lb, 11.11, daytL I0 hi, greaterrewrdl aldli 11rtlllodg, rli]'O , prol. h {rI11 ril Ihe dea. h JOHN yAIIRN, II b,,,,iP, I.,Ill U dsdl II, I W, 1, alV IC, W- ALIB[MII M, EYLZ. has, ,,fferd th,, Io,, If aI trm~ .. Id wort1hy FRANCK BRUNTON, lro..thr;i.here.ore be it I{el o~ilrho~*inr eeu IIg~* ~nlioJJ}~qICUX xxuln[i l~ ~llol,,h1ln1·.l~J hIs(iirolb·r e`D~rlml~l , li['heodort.Ireward, lieoiWld, Thait .~.e. U, II 8[dH 'If bdlarshly Pde,pay trlttl to I.... memorbye re, 'Iflv a ~III,I horla d Iei.....e I(0 I... nl, ·i l I ], Harry Bonnes, L. U. N.. 9 pathyr: aI~ b0 it furtlmlr l~xiesolved Thn atjItl o[ll~lbntlopy Lhe{e~dlo: ]hnOll l Br .1 1,eswa lane ,,A ]IarI eliIIA e1d F.lMaeld M.y 4, 1920 la{Ri~.hl (,ll0 ollthl Hll*ruu WhoIHouo[iby~ 1Ii.ai.HcE* toq hislifr Ndhrlx . Il(IIIolker t{ ]P pre:ad ulanIaeNilng,t I mlnlule 0 llr c~,b WhreasU Atlmighy Gond.i Hi, infinite wisdom .:trlEalWork. er,111$ourmd f Iheatn..rr has relmoved frm, ol.r midst our dIotedB3r1other Brothri"l Bnrhioe WUi ianl'xwe rt~iImem ~ere; )3 Hlarry Bo~nlsa an({ J J, THIEI~LICN, of iiI..l.tlre lmd fllld r'a r Hr l lnpIdS~ L Whbreirn o~lr mlae Brotber, as a member of lio... rdi.rlary LIaM UlaI.n 9oIdof thl. .Inrnational[ntheIr, hod of EltrBlal Workers, IlOly AIf hi. heIt farIII, the, nofr Ilrih.hILf a.d tn , Iiir,,I,n: th-II(lulon,[d~iItd nm r*,liitl ehrefrsieanBnl OUIN, adDN,.IhP llie~ONltil Fr..r. W. Rich, L. U. No. 360 h att~p s o hi. eotu q.l[', antMWkabh~d iIlIere, of lV.,a. VU.ion NO. 9; therefore bI It iW,' I. I"', P"t, fibd N"lU`A.IW. it frllern, in.44.1.d J ..... i. 11YII1 IRein~lv Thlat LIMal lntnn No. 9 ]lorebh ex OU1 iil Pill t-ti~ll,Y"II RI, 1 ,rA h, nnrirsre Ift h appriaionnpf I Ithe · erl[(f to I, w1,ilb dee t n row nI, rNgr al l,. rit lbjiey etidredP hltn l0 IeG a t all.dy ti olJ~ ille( gittn I.i, ollr({eO({ ,llr }{rothe(r and ]le~iD. H.1,eII n~ ioe`$] Wi.n N,, I 0)0 . 11B I , xiornro ia tihe knowlledg uf hin ioallill anl lie reord the,laai]11 UE oj BI loh,Id ,'r r iIN.Rih, It fIlit Mho xiihn~! delllb ilociirre nRi .l. lllet ii, 1~ lsl'· l Iln 11bais.Or t i iHroly lrb'i l , ."Yhl{~{biy RIlsered.. That [fai Uinion No. 9 tenders its 611dnI·t. IIIIIIIII ~E11" 111..Il .. d ilth,,E. 1, MID illnair IIIpr~ihy to tilefa miyn of~lr latL ih: nnd1hereforehe I Iir 1-1, 19PI1 a1111t11~ o T hl)r. ,eh1g nr l ich9 to W ill l . y{ldIIlBirother iln therl tree. o~E~f rat sorow;: and b{ Thliir~.lt a IIII ·E~ tfbltl..hil 1 PIIIIIIII { fllrih.lT hI'll. Iod .. hi4l. otr good IrelniNand .r.l.II,. eolvln~qLl.']'hat a copy~ of thtree reaohztheln be· i·ent to tl fP.sHdlly nf oillrdcrraaed Brother, by ecresnlg to his · r lainilr orri Mn¢eslnlr WeI1tIlld) beloveI.to b dw RYifntinr01Atlvi !by ,i l II, e 0IIMilly.1flrie ,f, ,, p" """'d .II ir lip])5 I{I1.I h eal l I s8I tel·Lllllle`~%'{th h[~ CreelIor a eddyspread on rhe miilite of oilr l.dLal U.nion kIln l~dlnd I~ fig I A, ari~UWlNaIH fa le.il Ihe lr IC. [ Iand.,I cpy lbb .e: tI ,ile nffifia J....nal.I ICll dmlI, ]1]~ Wo ial.ll0, i, 1 d opl IIIra I~io~lxnd lrr toberell~$~ed ~{[~ rhomlnl Ib~lo%]t of ofrBtherhoo f p d u or bllicafion, bIL ~.herel · imrt~ltigB are1 slmore. So lliis J£TIN KANIF- R\.,olved That th, h .ii.of I ..a .a WILLIAM pA*.RKER, I., ({rpr , Po period .f J.~ days I1AIIRRY YLATEH O[ {1~HI'EI AND M[],MiI~EIS OF L. U. Chltsbl. KFI,{, L. eLeN.. 9e NO 360., I, PL. W our lmar~ferrly"lpathy 10HtioLI.El". ( hti }RHmlar 11R $irlt %nlos eft1 ELIOT PIOPE. Reor..ding Seereiar Willi.m WIIet L. U. No. 9 dI,.hellr el ihrI tnwl Alld · ·isk lhat·},,.lood Olr .,~tM{BeL o li· ryJl, nlono e btagmilir~( fortify( erlllt ar n niiated March 9, 1956 Wh.Inr, It h., pleased Almighty (,nil. in Ills J. W. Read, L. U. No. 151 N'iiinI. ii, , ll Dg'bONi, IlCltilte win(]dll. IInremove fromEl.. o.lr g11tnld IaffiatE( April 19, IDEA worty I ~"er;Il~n.. Wse; anti W lirena L.one UPon No. 9 I the In trna Whereas If h.a bell tlle` w[1 of AHlUighty G..{ (iilnll ]lrnhberno01] oP ]theriieal W'orkrr, has tI., ltar .Id, e1,UtBrolher JIiI W. oRead, ~ruode~~~~old nnd mebers :hrfr.. d Inllnfin desih Brrh ~.qse one el ItI true Char ls ,,. dewredI merep s I blhlerefore It Whereas he, meiar f LIoeal UTI&ol N, ICEl IHreolv({,T{l.I Loci].I lidn.i N. I herbly e- deeell mon~i~Bthe asaln of one dear Bemthrl Iov~ ot,~ nus C.ofe ol, 01 .rthrh,J aI.W .,.a*~e e I. 'let,, 1tl11heI tnd oo Iur "r~ .l11.,UThaI , PIt rePII.r, trnlmthy he am. th knlowledge ,f his I.lhlhN; aad be i, further mllrdr oibe thor inr*N] faii~{) and~ relaillle9 of "I~l~d P~.111WhI, tII., h~ nwNo, 9 t.nt,qr ReHdlAl Tillt cl Inl . No.. D tarrs Its )iir (seeased Imlroher ~ndl he iI furtherr tli~n er*!, lh y. HIoliprl.y of oar late Res¢*lird. '{'hat {t,nop IIIf the eolon, Pj1·II,an{b, b,,i11I,I. frh,r.AbdiI 'lit . ,,fI,,lt l) nIllION t If.lNtli 1N li..lblrhr ir1 their t{e of great gorrow; and be De Ie. to,hft farnaly. a) ropy be ~twead lid (*Dm(mli n it fllitV III* Rhemintri1,~ "IAIV{11 of thi sPlil ]de.l .P,,~4oO1P..YI.. Illli'n.fy ... IIl.. ]nv .. T,, lts{~I, eopy O;,f Ihe0...... Holt... ren( )n ilia`~~~p nmctia l Joqr1II(tl forI llild(iealhltt 9 .1ndWitf~n aItIIII IIopy b. be~HI, ilattoi d. P. i~li·Itth4h.Io lUl letJ xur11. le,,al.. Uf beset Eo the, family of ollr late FlitP,. P C.py nut~ ~ ~~II p 0rohlhoo ...,l~al P, 1 4I IVAIII. MAHIN TIANF. No ralld a conyH e,en l.. tht olell Journal W]LLIAM1 ]*ARKIC;I, oP ofr IlrotlsIrhdo0 IIb (iF]ORIGE M*ANL¥Y. H~A RRY EILATI!ILI Jnll,.FKANM, dos ]n]~if remol[i flnm iollrm1ot ollr ~inl(s~ WIVLLIA M PARIKERl. Whereasiimlnli n l) deef of Blroly r{q~ HARRY SLAqTICR, Ln.I Unhanll1(1,hI,, No. 9th,~ln ofrIlher 11,. Inxerlaionalonitb IIIIiIi· , tIIIBrn~r-rr II C'drmit ~0e James· F. Car~y. L. U* No. 309 ErWPU A. Bohtz, L, U. N.. 427 H.ord You.., L. U. No. 9 ai.Uyled Apr i $, 1i11 $.1ti.lcd N'orlber1I. 19~ rek~n etemo d J~ot~...Y hx peJ lr [( i ithl do*.o sorl ard,, recnI ihlb P~, am1heeb exreee {s. aD riulafill f {i ,il` memh,.r, ~f VnlI %.,on 'oq9. 1 I ii EC , W:ltrel~ ii h,, Ilearmi AVIIIhly (A, in Hiel reI.ord tin, dIq1.Il of IIeroIher Fa.' CVre,,wh i hdill* ,il ni I athof1 Ie r ymln~..I i, aIN IL- A, P11oi; 0r.) 'It~~~ll SI, 9 llt* 11rolher I.aro Iaa me.mber o Local N. Vlherl,ae Ill11 h,I ({va1hof 11,Iothvr RIoII,. I ¢~ea l'WhIr N..O of the {ng.rnh n lrthrh ood 3(9 II IIIIa ye.te ,.,n~l N ..I . h,,I. Union N.t ofl VIII71Inoraiona I.he l~¢nhPr aa~retrd byI he, East ,, ] LIEN, P,~ilhl .If Uln1,qrie] W.o1,-i haI io.i one o( itf Ioya. pow,-r f',,,',U y, ,,h,~ h., hatd 1 e ot-P l m. ail~d dlrvot~d membtr,: PiIreforehe it ploy¢~[ flo a 1111].11Ioof ,ear, ]11,Aprlil It 11ll, lRe...IIIed. ThI I...LeII V~fdol NoI 427 hereby [lneonv..n *['hI·tt Lnlali O~ninl *n i) ~.klnorl- I~,alBroth(er IIIrIhvr Carel rmv eldntdA'ry~ov~,d }rl imeol1he, Io anllhrO~,gwho rIn px r~ .e1 11 ". h.gher.... e~tli , ... of..r r¥- odel It, firNat ]tR in the dealh of ourlroter IhI RIII.rIthorh d I.nd ]In hlld Jn1t IIIto o loy anII1dTY I slreb~ 1 ixr~ats al~npreeiation o the IhP,~ft~n Lh8l~,,,ng {lfillilal." ,1th IIhp R snvd.qhTwo I.,, ] Il N Io 4*27 tender Icerih'o8he· rollba~lar] In oll e`~l,*qe anld be it rhooI...... whId ]lb ehlft,dfih h flirlher fy'r,,H Ihhur;fl f , IE [¢xlvld,lr n That l·aeal lh~{o{} No. 9 extnda ~t 1,n1,,1141llT~ li~tolhs hi..P, bI. jlf~i~p~*-ad,,I Wl~$,, .nn P{.... *}h]{II.y...'D" , ...iil~oe.... na~af,, and}clad.1 ended*,nven toi the family of olir late. Bronth ,h .. hIlllrtanld i nr({P fo'rf hl...I eni \'o. 427 III 1,rnuld E.r a, perIIJ of 80 Plys ]n {a( this thrir reiat beireavement and be it ther1PfoI h, It fllrhMrI B...olId That PI, dr.' ,Ip hi,' , charl Uo R~.~.IvL-d ThaO aI copy UhPNof .. o9llfi Nl ,ari.o.. I CIA anh,d IlmI.t UD~n . fII Ins h. e.l+r E. illbil O der ate] Ro, lbPrt, Ilmiirrlled Rr s 9l~ln Cornm·~(eeet ,.n II1,U P tinn,, I*or hohi.~ spread thk nllnntltr oP durILoil ,,pT IIIe, ffrt Eo thIIe fi e J,.IIerifn{ fa, phItil ~ ~ ~ ~ WnifNO 9 Ud Pa Inl. b,, ,eat to lb, UIIlR ~ Jo.i.rll[ oIf nu Brothe1rhood fIrI./bllaflori. 111Pll" 'I VIfl C ,I MI{'II . dA JOH3;N IANE, I" ...... flahd PmmP Mea ]]A YKif, W],qNI.1,11 R WILLIAM p ',KER, Alily SLATER. Comm~ltr.. September, 1936 The Journal of Electrical HWorkers ,mi Operators 395 J. Barne, L. U. No. I friendian] I Ir,,.rI happJy in hi.,. CI. I -22 degrees F., at atmospheric pre,- ij Ijhi sllntited Octobcr I$, 1JY0 i .I l i,' r+'a r. to a wait 0, befi sure, and has the following character- ,ehlerll h ]e .H ptrilligs arei n moi4re. istics: hlV ieats Local I' nlONo, l , l nrmtros al WP, ex· .. t hli lo'ied .it! astII mi... ttrttirrbootl of tGa l'r 'iial ~lorki'rs, hilts bl~q Ollr t.rirtlL i Pytalin 'l 1 bteir great Io" of tialed up0n to pali Rsb lirh tl. pis 0 our loyal Al"I III,.. ', ".' Ill h,, " Ce'" I ... I ii, kiahil 2.11( i ~~ il fi hi c. "i sb tn a d r at h er. III Colorless, like water. 'idll raittlfrni Brother, J. I1artitti, "ito departed their hour of ,.rr&,'t spd aMk that our Fhli , Odorless. this Ilfe J1iYih.y.7 i IT.;ia ; l ow ril d i'o t~ o I' ..ri... d Ch e vl ii [eres it is y the m t Noninf-ilan.mable. our lesire to xpryiS aS best snra y t ii' af a, ',f if, II We'flt i {hoset 1la0 rin-il C.i jiii.ur t ~ is Ion . ?eaI~el v d, 'tF a lIe 'lr aiw ar dttvere sy paiby t teafretore be it "'a d .' r', ' d C. , Non-toxic Inon-poisonous). liiloled. Tlhiat a Will not attack must Iojy of Ithne reeointion NIail"Ci' I .''C .. '. I .. 2I '.. f, metals, or C,U b,. s~eit to his family, I CupY #prand Upui# tih eonimon materials. iiifellt i mild aCiff bith, '-Ic, o o o fficial Jour tilad l mr pu iki oati r ,; n i id. it f lrlther Mixes readily with mineral oil. lte UixiI. that oIt, l rt,'r h' Irap,'d for a orio l of, ti) t]:I ii fuirtlirI respecII b, iii.C The relation betwen ltemperarture anl J 1Fi'ilia,,I y'K DEATH CLAIMS PAID FROM At. pressures and tile boiling (or conden.intr I J NllHiM 'il -I K, GUST I INCLUDING AUGUST point of Freon is shown on chart on pagi 31, 1936 379. The shaded portion represents Harry Rigsby, L. U. No. 196 I I' N,. Nane Almount Freon gas and the unshaded portion rep- 1.0, JaImes (lo"e $1,000.00 resents Freon liquid, while the curve is 80 T. . Gaits 1,000 00 drawn through the points at which the ' e d JeeuIv regret to anuino mcc@ th at'd tlt of IU J. W. leaid [I 0 00. Freon change, state. The encircled print I. (. SamI Juieil- 1.00011}0 ,Ju 21y i is at atmospheric pressure. ' I]t 1hih.hilt,' r- cas C u inkUi~ii, leU r' ,u Irrlshi'rl,'im~ ini i' it}''iiR.. U0 62 lob. Km ittila I *,0.00 F'rom the iiagtra., the bailing t I- 0. It. I. Finger ,000.00 It is .ilt grat morrow anil rgrt lht, perature ctrresponl.diig i ally prr...sic. lit, ifi., es iand immi.. llrsofa (ctinll N, I.f.. I W. Jaeger 1 .000.00 iC0.Iaosc Dtumr, 1.000,00 ,ay be determined. Catteitted ani[ 'ittrtii llroi Plir. itirrt nlt ly ; .0. orge A. Barniht, Irt I1.000.00 Example: At the intersection of thi Hberr it 10:4 George Sehociiid i le siil v p d, t h a t I.,a~i I b yte , ImP ri u r r 1,000.04) horizontal pressure line. 20 poundis per1 i19 nc..CfCli'Sdli pin l aior,, r clarine ,cl- Iliyifr rlI.l,,aoti ia'i'iLad , aiiIi ll, 3O (hech.,, y ;49 August Millr 1.000.0(1 square inch and the iurvedI boiling point ai.l m, it filurther 5t. P. Adams 14.58 line, by interpulating uIi ,I fi'I. That a cop i I.fihe t ,i.ill~hian between vertical t0 H. M. Downruha 1,.000.0)1) lines, it can be seen tlat Freon at this Ie ,nsem to a I lii.ire.... Iliiii ... tiiy ho gedt 8:l C. F. ]]ha , i .. .i.r ol.l.l l .oia.at L fIr... actiratio, a nli 1.000.00 199 L. W. Eston 475.00 pressure boils at a temperature of ap- proximately 20 degrees F. In the same Wli.l.lM L RINEIIIIIIt, liofler E. PI'arkisrtn 1,000.00 H.")r"hig, elircnry' N. J. Purcell i.00.0,0 way at a pressure of 180 pounds pal square inch, it can be seen that the Thomas E; David. L. U. No. 736 )304 George 1). Itmiiton 100.00) 2 Joseph J. Smith 1.000.0(1 Freon will boil at a temperature tf Jni utia d Aplil 5, $154 3 George Dl ivw about 130 degrees F. In any case, Ihe, dherpas A nlg yILyGCod. i Il , I lltlie W N' 77 Dave Fink 1,000.00 temperatures apply to dmhi, hais rvqivel front cUr raniks. either boiling ir on August 1Il lharry (:. " rrCl- 1000.00 condensing, depending on whether 240, 1030, lIroiler Tlhomaas E1 Dlhmiii ad 158 Charls heat Whereas In the deati o Broilir liavid. Loc.al A raw I 50.0) is added to liquid Freon or extracted N, 736. ha. lost a iemnbfertwho ats eloved Iy XSi? William J. Keriatily 150.00 all ,hr knew ul..a: hi 11 3(0 Frazer W. Rich 160.06 from gaseous Freon. Riewotvct, 'That ]i t hishutu. If c trial I u~I o - 1.0 (harle A Mcari, 1$2C0 In looking at the chart you will see 1`W, we extlnd to hiM wie unit sadlly]our pearl C.ell sypazthy; anl, h I further that it is possible to have Freon at 16O Rtesolei, That tile miebll.rs peaIeit at oI r 'I tAl $20,389 58 pounds pressure, yet the temperature +'u'tlagI or Sipt .n.iir , stIfl l It Ilerat i uf ,r may cu a tihi lie to a deulrttliti li ithitr; nMdiis it be only 75 degrees F'. If this occurs, the liquid is said to be sub-cooked, REFRIGERATION IN AIR be- tHt'l}eLd. Thor olTr charter hi tirlt, . I or it cause it is below the boiling point fni' .'r nld ol 21) day~ In h11i i.I... ur'. copy aif CONDITIONING theseI remolitioii he sprea. illil.l the miiiilltn that pressure. It is also possible to have f tII sl 'orl. a troiy cent toI his fan lily II.il. ii it'u'Wh l di ]rrr1 8", 3miT) Freon gas above 121 degrees F, and still ", for"~WureI to Huh' I.mt,ri.ti.t.I tra] Offihe for , 0 fihlitattIf iii f ifl ila J...r....l lljrr l. JIIrcezing Boiling illt 160 pounds pressur.e. This gas is then F II 'HER, Lifloid PRiit Point super-heated. I.'itait a l s ec t ,tii Water ....- %2F. 212F. To explain the aboxe, if we take a 'an William Flood. L. U. No. 1 Alcohol - 148 F. 173 F, of water at 70 degree. F, the thempeil MNerury - 39 F. 676 F. will Jlflilntird Mi,,rlh 1!,1O6. tier be well below the boiling poaill Sulphur dioxide .... 14 F. In refrigeration it would he sub.cooled. Whewreagit Is wlth udeiPi'st taorrhol thl~in.t tItlia no INol. mternattmlnml] Bruthliihrhirt of EI-i Methui chloride.... - lI F. Now, heat it to 212 degrees F. and it iaccl Workers, irmob r,,l c ...a..r. iwy al )hri hl ell ie1 In,''IIirIh ami -- _28 F. starts to boil, If all the water is turned F'Atnoa ...... %Vhllior it , wiwsh .to tIlld ii, his faauld Freon ...... I 22 F. into steam and heat is still applied witb- an*i rlativeg iUre p\ id iri.I y.ia.....CI, out any increase in pressure the.steam. Clt'r,' ,aru'e h it These temperatures are all given for of course, will then rise in temperature. t enasl Ier .'[ lhat,illl h Iaci ai ii, m11 ieitiat atmospheric pressure, but the substances as tlihid siln d in [i.a foli ala mtut... t It will then be listed obey the same super-heated by the numn a ri5lai e Il hi, m eslurv n oldf i' i fairth er law as applied to her of deCrees .o..¥dl. Tialt a, ",POiv of IL'i retoatl atag water; that is, when the pressure is in- it rises above its boiling 4,.' ec-ru to h i, h.r l ' r wif e, e C ijtiy s t e point. The same is tile of all other (leased, the boiling temperature rises: ueon the inItCics of Ihi, mretitrg a tipx hl , ent liquids and gases, and at all pressures. ti1 nitr tmmeiM Triurrial rtr jtitdhui&'auath~~aD~ and when the pressure is decreased, the air ;Clarce, Ihe drpied farcf{ to c Actually it is seldom that a liquid or boiling temperature is lowered. Thus, it gas exist at exactly the temperature and NP Mii.*~ItL~N'l) can be said that all liquids behave the Iftn iai tee pressure where they nay be converted same as water except that freezing and one to the other. The liquid will usuaily boiling points vary bothiat tm.ospheric Louis W. Eaton, L. U. No. 499 he cooler and the gas a little hotter. pressure as giIen above, andli t other ; lmft "iI('e Ittrn h .1 hIS In most eases seroiemen desiring til pressures. learn more about refrigeration neglect W h,.··r· · ,ns ii is wi th . douai'lo mu. I ni'd '''libl nr1a.' , I A refrigerant, then,. is a liquid hrt r *we report nilli iarmflo m(dI r+, r,'l i used Intirely the fuinida mentals dealt witbi illa cooling system, d111.i'1 o F ,q r Iipbq,' ,i Itrro,I I r iadl t i'na' '," 'l that boilsd a low in this rticle. 'ITe emiperature. The best procedure lioiiar 'v Aan .l lan12 W .era'ta'i i a hi last four named in would be to acquaint yourself with tile Brawaril.1, aI r lnt Ihom.ro ....! the above list are all refrigerants auid facts and study them, thboroughly, also I S. i.Mi.i'niatr. 11 I lin ioleyamil a Ol nHii ailtl ,evn water itself is usedi i celrtal oi - im 11 11 1 I 111t at'ai a'u.rid hii ef'Im to i. .ill Ile cur e sheet on Freon so I that with ..Pmlt in ah 1 ''a' or ima uai POa to rea., big systems as a "efrigerant. iif (kI·11'I any given gauge iressure the boiliuR l.i. thi . (liir ilimewe .0lef.pal m1.a it hii ili' Trailts of Freon pioint can be determined. MuiI Ie''lel.ll. reicoI aurl I't to tI lc , .i.. or The next article will deal with the ouir THe n'.nlY ;athtu ir.c ilia wIll, w reanli', lu, Freon is the refrigerant used irri.T arl~inhl. o ss nut, hieM hnis R im it nia l. W. in nearly refrigeration cycle, operation of expan- tutu tmoso hilo n iii tha l h' th at our gthmi,t all air-conditioning systems. It boils at sion valve and compressor. 89*6 The Jou, .'..sl El, , 'ilcal i orcc i and filtht? tortt s"Joh nobhlb Ia.; "NINE OLD MEN IN BLACK ROBES" ivns lap,[ers noted quite a 'iI,L 1" in the Sttel.rrfdu Ca'eel has man.y featuroes l colinLoiio vitb kis culh aguE VailH- i f oo Too "I fl-oor a ; , 7j S-llale. Only thlt pr,,~ p fa.oredlv' o.firmniation. Amonh rli'a,i:iv censer anteirs. iii, Ilirnlris emigrratei to the tibe law firm which hi joined Iad among its eiemnts the Union lacific Raoirod. 'ative people who at .reai.diibihe il( flo..tiil lerrilory of liat in 18i3 from jdiciary onm nmitte, or wiot)e to it. lEnigbn,ii i lethe Jistiie hadl been and leading iattle and lilmer' coin. alainst Brandeis . were C. W. Bar .row, hioIn the! ye arl' b [ a owner of tin " iWail Street Journ.aL," A. ]'mo a bli, y ', LI), s. nt olq... tmuniti,' XVherr PrQ1iIdenIiL MeKihey ala.int'ld iawwrenmit loa.].I. president of iHarvard tII[tieId ill Ilith as inl Vain Devatets o IT. S. AssilstanL Attorney eeal and ahitl memelb of the ct.nlni.sslnri Wy ownhg': To kt,' lp lie biiiiiv allt rai l iii 1897, at thIe nreuest of Senator War' which decidlei that Sacco and Vanzotti .ll.....enad s arid.n.gT ih.e cattl, and rn. he was assiged ito the )tpart.errI hall had a fair trial, al Charles Franis stheep 'orr.. ar. in the "duw'loi...n...it' thf ie Interior which deials with the Atrs.e (ip(ration lawyer and Ser.e Of ruontHer legio,' pihil ianuds of tlre feeir l government ,ary of the Navy under Heor.er. Bran- So, itll 1892. we i9ltl. i.li.lhind acting and whih .areraLs and todrbr ari eis was ea'aiterizeul as 'shrewvd, ,, - as as slpitit geeral colln.eI for tile Uliioin cattle companies aredleeply initereste l getir. anti unscruplul o' ad"a "a ralrm- PallaIit, memher of a law t0 ril a in. There he eaie until 10i of dupleoiity'-,--rarges wh ti have not large corporatio ,inl .ai .oad.. pratircce From I1903 to 1910, he 'erved m lhe [,en borneout by his ondicUt on the (including thie D)ener e an Rio Glraindie I. S. Circuit (eurt. bench. AS in Van DeWeiuter'r Wyo..filg, io ln Progressives Assailed MeRcynolds Pleihaps Brandeis' career as a lawyer Utah to be ",und'" in one's businds. had s.omething to do with these 'harges. 1ianLalIs thalt one was acceptable po- anms Clark MeRceynolus is the third tie had, in fact, in his thihty-odd years fltically, Sutherland sat in the first oidest of the presnt nieniebey s t ite of I.>r.ttiee IS Boston, .ee.ned to cthage Lsate 1egisloatm-u of Utah, in the national (out,. liea Was pj..tled by Presdt his mind if that is "duplicity.' lis lo use of E1epresentatives one tern, de- Wilson in 1914, having er born in firm was engaged chiefly ki .ik..ost big lniing .. nominationl for a econd alld 1862 and brought tIp in Kentucky ald Iow filrls in corporation practice Bul in the Unit..i States Senate fo- two Tennessee.Eelfore hr wint on th, Bech as early as 1i90, he began to aipeair terms. tie owed all of his political sau- he had been Asistant Attorney General a.s onl 'olpttd peopll's co~nosel against i'ess to tIme orp'ri'piatior-connt rol'ld RepubI and Attorney G eneral i tbe United corporations. and in favor of labor Iiatl iltachi, e. States. Iegisation. FiT w, s a (leigae ti thi five RepiUb- In the intervaI.k.. whas a enlbrh(if biran, nia.tilnal .onventions frolln )00 toi Nie preented the watering of Buospir the New York law firm ofC(.ravatk, Hien- 16,Libla in 1920 was il liarliig's per gas companice'tock; he put through a dersoi. and die (ierldorT wilhose listing iseia"a'ff." Senito R eed Smoot wa, plan of reo'gmanitation whehc the in the por.fessionul "Who's Who" reads not only his olleague, hut his politicl Equitable Life Assurance Socity bl- like the "Directory ,f D[ etors.-- amie; tlogetther they replredunted in camn l[es of a moley maker iforits )tIb tie Westinghouse Mfg. Senate tie esuga industry-, vo·s, Co.. Ellquitable Trust cer anld torkholders and more of all Co.. B. & 0. It. R., Ch(.emical Bank and tarlfiff ies are all ixtel-me example of insuranc protection for its p.licy Trust Co., C. M. & St. selfish protlnpiistm, antil whoe labl,. P. R. R.. etc. holders. Oddly enough Reltrynoldls was called pIlley is Idescr'ibed not fator-ably in a back to the DeparLnlrlit iof Jutite to He defended the constituLtioniuiytf ID)eparn'lmnt of Imio bulletin, handie the cae of the tobacco trest, one the Oregon 1-.hour law for women, and In thie Senate, S,utherland was active of whose i ig shots Thomns Firt.une in this and in other sin/ilar nauses foF in behalf of the Federal Trade Comii,- Ryan--was a client of C...ravath, Herde which he pleaded in the court, he Tloee o aw, anr fraed a federal wr'k sun and de Gersdorf f When lis name less emiphasis on legal piecedeni s oil inran's ceonen. ation bill hiici failed of was sent to the Sieal e forT onirmation, which thel o setrvarvtleoptpositior leans patssage. On the other ha.id, he was it was held against him thilt he hall not and more oin thie facts of low wages, pool pll]ised tuo the dmiission of Arizona as Secured more than a nllere y formal andI health, bad irving conitins, andl tlhe lik ', a state lbcause iof' the initiative, referen- egalistic di.soliution of tile L)uke Coin- which such laws are designed to ,eme.iv iumn .ard 'eall jIl'n isitons In its e'otisti- par'y. It Is said, however, that Mcy- In 19109. he defrdedd an employee of tihe itutll.. lill sid at the time Tnhat hie was ndo ds himsel f wanteld t mlore dIrasiic Inte''llo' Department who had been lired glad thle nlational Constitutlot was not ,esult; he let G.eorge \ ickerskan. is after accusing Seretary Bailliger of as easy to amerdl as the constitution of allowing gove rnment coal lands in Alaska superior in the department, argue the 1 i,oli of tke states, anl declared himnself case in the Supreme Court while he sat to ib stolen by corporate interests, ie aghisit "government in business' anti back silent and presunlbly m iasap v role books against mo.noipoly and the what he ternled "petty regu atio' of inone'~ po'l Or' ptoeNId. P,,''LT," Il i\'ate etrterprise. The rorsv Snarll-t were still BFlt if all these activitie's miad,, Ban- This was the man confirmred by the n satisfied,, though; they charged that tikis 8r%%!1 "u'insound'' and even itsuruu Sirate iwitllhoui discussion, or delay. he had not properly arried out the pulous" to one group of peopil, they dissolution decrees of the Court against made him seem just the right man for Shipstead's Scoring of Butler the ('ouirt to others the Standard Oil Compalay, and that be The IIarvard Law Next we enme, to Piere lu tler, Hi, S' hooL faculty endorsed him, lid by I ix halld failed to bring criminal perocedirgs was 'ton.i i ited in 1922, but the Senate Frankfurter, who played against the N. Y., N. H. & H. Railroad, an important at first refused to confirim hin, by a vote palt ill the drafting of our p resent fell- whick was elarged wilh munopolizing of (61 to 8, becautse f thie opposition of ert anti-injunction law ard for the tlansportation in Nw lengland. In the a g'nUp of roglsives Norris, la New H tas.e,Laver McLfteynolsd uprf - Sicuitiesti and Exchange Coommissbnm, Follett, andi Shipstead among them. SIo did n.any of the national labor ised a 'frienlly dissulution so Os to Born in Minnesota in 1866, he is thire u,,ions; so did civi, leaders of the 1912 Iv enat a rollapse ibthe ilutm of the third an..l.n.g the pr'e?'n. Justi.es to have clrinpary . sec rities,. reform noeemenSt, and liberal edlitos lieen brought up in the hiercy competlli- like Hamiltoyn ItoM of "The Indeprndent." Tories Hotly Oppo.ed Brandois tive frontlier. where corporations warrel So Brandeis lwas onfirmed hut only with each other' and with the public, as Louis 1). Brandeis is tke iext on tk. after live Ionths. we have alrerdy ¢l t,,ibed in the stories list of judges acoidinag tp seniority; he of Val Ievaii tel alnd Sutheriland. His Sutherland a U. P. Attorney was appointed by Presiuient 'Wilson in careel us a lawyerwas in the same fields l9ll. at the age of 60( It took five GCorge Sutherland. the next associate of Ia..t itce as Van evanter's and months to serure his confiratin froIl juti'e, to be appointed (19221, wac Suthellanl s. the Senate. This was an unprecedented firee d instantly, without any delay or Senatr' Siristetad hadiledd in a written thing. dls .u.sion at all. His case nlmake a neat pi.test against 'onlirnatiu, on.. behalf What caused this olot delay? When contiast with the one we have just gone of Iris Miminesta constit.uents in which Brandeis. na..e w.s first seat in, the ovCe. ii was set f.-th, that Butier was not .rlly Scptee.ber, 1936 The Joumna! of blech ical Workers and Oprwa tfo 397 a "'orpIIotrat on lawyir. i it that he ated mlade the headlines in an unofficial n- precedents thai ale outworit may be fi,: "s pecial intel ... t as a Piraite paeity. In May. 193, ai, 'st exactly delently discaried. ' Only Bramdeis. citizen as ell Ias in his pfessna one year after his the,confinlailom Sen- among Cardozfs ip'reent colleagues, ate rmminittee investigati Ihe banks couhl have said anything like that; only ttpatt V. ] Se~;./m N lipshad. Jttdg~ andl thie stock exchanges ga t out his Holnmes, aionel the Justices of the last nilip,, among others,. as IinL ilt,, the 30 years oor more. Comilare it with anlmlus MorganI "pl- ferri,, list S,,herad's rejoici ng that the ('o,,sti Io P)o~t(''Px t/ltl [ t/b tt,,,ll( [(!.,h Tih Miiii'eapIse ty roeste If tliii haill ei lknownll at the tihe of tuti Il is hard to amend u ilailst 11lnnitlOl iillaeir~a l GelH his nIo iati ,It the C.ou.t, it might h;',e cut shi his -andiducy. Buttit was Environment and Trainhig Count iifinte'iiIes tailed out ihna s bada Senat.."reactionary,". r h ii *tea,ani not: the big thins' aIIu. t Ribrrts,. in the These are the nine men who tell us I"thatLI utlr had bee ai(ii oilt puitlite ani lt. Scatols' eyes,. was his what the Co,,stituti a Ilows and what tl il[ of the[i 'caprt DI ine oil-steal it forbids. I- as lthe University of Minne'*ta 19i07 case a icial ass5irtanlt ill the De- "I dlol bl',i' ir/ rl/l , I -ltts i , II i l124), he had shoin himself "antago- [ Justice. This job he did srnw, abIet wbhr, ix ipysi od in hi,, II Iellaiidii there ais but slight opposition rnbt"hoPmi ,fid tuh/r[;."I said Senatot co)n t niiig him o the Supremepn Court Nye ih tpposiltg neaof ti[m. bench (plk)lt jiI;iJf ther e was al sofi ront Tehfrns, had bieen f opped from thie the laniarl charge of coinineion, as a HOW MR. "YOU" IS AFFECTED ay'r, ih "thinte I lliversitv and that this hapelled at a .rests." Born nIear BY SECURITY in:e when Budler was the ml/ost inf[tlten Phildelphia in 1875, he had studierd law .i. me!hbr. tio the boaild. at tihe tini et-itiy uof ennlayIa. i.s., taught (in the otherII,, ilbhand. IIaI Jo',I, l rIButler' "'e the e. praticed law in Philadelphia with are Iot out ulder tihree major cate- .-ire. endUriers were bankf reshlents. railroad a artel wh. has re:enly,, , jiit ..ned the Public assistance is aecornplihhed thlough ,fliiiasi. anI public p.eIieutilit. I ti I.ibery League, adi actid as a diretol grantsin-id ini the state to, asist .needy nil he was donlrmedd. various large corporation I Real and dependent persons. This nethod of E;stae Title I nstil'diceand TillSt Co.. ptocedure was necessar...y [Ica.. o.f the Stone Has Been a Big Surprise F allitlo rt l rile Isur alt Co.. Eqtuitabl- inadequacy of wstate cl -rite Lo meet the Life A,,stainIe rers.iSug obligrations with which th, AIl,I'llb" e;, tpd itilldI ,,I i I oolidghI s tl .i'.lht til Society, Bell Tllephomn states are chagodd. It was neessa ry to mlnle of Ilaaa Fi Stoe. It thIt Senate (C. .leni.sv.]vania. Anterican Tele supplemen.t state moneywith federal i 92-5. Senate[ No iris made a ipcal ly phiune sld TIcegraph Co.) grants so that the agel,. the blid, alld I v realarI. The pthip haid .. o..I in Cardoze Hailed as Great Jurist dependentchihld il ight be protected liIe last h till, he said, tha, thet lire without verlolding Btniiamin Nathan ('ar-doze, the juori:h start, budgets. This nlethod if giati il-aid hlad been Un.. lIt' s. t u,[I for. the )l,tgal . as pe me,eher ,f the Cuurt. was appoilned y i le ei;rl~l~ig our highway Ist iem. It lent;: tbhey d n't know tile>l le going, P',eSdent HIover in 1932. at (lie age o` sen luei tease liaoial to use it in pr et't-tiiln to ie a. Mioran reirsiB itatlvw .ii til l ieh,,tI baid no.. pilitical .areer . hieh ulmnan life. lle (on t. hadIIto he ,warded, hr wa; nlot a gtner Stone Soul in ..72. i New HuIIp ally well kinlw figur e: yet lth priissur e Unemployment Insurance Holds shhe1 25 a9 t New York. sId wasaid ill hi behalf on, tihe art of schrhorl 4 mflitred to the bal in i!): . Tit j-hled t'' lawy s aii o[f liIera]s wag Vi-; great.fi ioh il aljirl S' 'til, of· the mIeasue a irm of WilnwrC anti anfield, e ihih ililttie \VaS sug gested to the Ilesi- dials with ullenli)lyeilt'iit coinilensatlon iweanie anterle, ( anii lil atin Stone' lint by Senator Wagner. ~;ho himself The cost if unenlplonrent in ilustr'y is i hn li.ber.t Satterle.ti aii` bother isc II fatherI sIunsor' .f niost oIf tIhe -ha]ryed back toi industry. The prece- ,f T,. P .i...an, caie inloir !t: th labor legislatio i considred by ec.ent dent for th s is founil in the Ilong-esah kdas counsel fdor 4h Morgans (7OlII '..S.e.. Other liberal.hen, Senatrs. lishelle praict ill aeiideint e.iin[ensation. iiAt the saie time. Stone ta.itlt at tile C('alrdcoo's lalme Wis ]aid befoic tilhe . The pr'actic of looking lipon wofk aci enits /olunlxia law Sch.ol, iuittitn priatice poke aboat a deserved trihut to a as an expense of production and ' entittlc tod bee -n in 19108 I 1928, hN great mall.· %'' ,'cryfine* appointnernt/' ,harging the cost agfai ns the commodity iSIgnei t his teachi pgll ost to .in the aI "a most fi rtu/ale appon tment' The pirducd is hino alnosttuniversally ac- tepte.d thiroughiul the llUited firm of Suti/an and (rumwelI Thi nearestl tIing to a soul' note was strauk States. There is, hoeeCr. an offle is perhaps even ninle o~f a "({rpora. by Senrtii iastin gs, of DhonI-ot's Deln- It-nleot of cost ilon awee y' biloutfit than the pl(drganl- al'e. whoi .o.te.Loed himself with "The whichr diffrrenItiates acidhient IolipeLsa tniiei(Ldf i Il thr ugh Croimieltl for alliPiln:lmIent is all right." tion from u/neljl}lyimuent yonipensatbili, particularl y in relatio to the iTienties examnple. thlte Janama CanlalI was bought 'a rhI zo'siI ep ut.t.. it di] itot rest eni to accept piroit':'i' legislation. In the 'out of its n]d private hands fo,- the his -,rneentp with some great Wall case oi inlustiia ar'cident. the injured Aierican goCr(nment at a Jig prloit to Street-aflihiated it, railroad law ill lanl hls Coellui.il In- rilghts In work- lipeculatrci. He ,had,lat'ced in New York from meneIs cotiiIIpenatift the legilsalion is Slones first apin e i i ptIiibi, 1891 o 191:. Trhn he,was ele ted to merel] pidAiniiiig a mnlle just and efficient "ile was to fhe Athiorney-(i eralship, in the sllpiteiI couri't of the state. and sysltm in respect to Ia st which already ]924, and his 5mogan toniit](etiiiii. as well moveri up to the highest courl .alel lies upon. the I.l.. 'lt. In the case of as ilri diirectsi:hipsr in arhriuis einqln'ai feur rears; in 1927 he became its Chkef discharge oi' ls of }is jobh. the eniployee ltuieS were brought out heflethe SeaBle Jutice. It w as his scholarly, polished, has no ('gal rights, and in unempIoyment at that time. anl lileral opriniins iii tIIhese p;ithis conll]ensation the legislature is creating Stone has proven the milvse of i- that made him knowni and his e.ssa. colft. H-is dractionaryii a new dimrt obligation.TTherefore, the baeil otld indi l.l tile law. distiled out of his opiiiioiIs Social Security Aft does not perIl it the cated he would jo)il the t1'u- g lupJ on and experience. All tiis made him the industrialist operat iinL within a state the bench. But Ildn't.d I nstead. tip logical successor to the Ilearned (ilve- that lhas adopte I appiloved unemploy- to date, lhe hras iti a i stlh ci nslstent WendeIb] lolnies: n1dI in view of the ment .o.plensatiiilegisiation to be liheral and has v -itten n/ap opjinions tellliper of the coLIutry at th l ow1 p10llt Ilaced at a diisadiiantage in selling his 'vhi(}i ju st1 }ave ca iedl his roiiseivatihe oif the Lipi' ligion,ncei his n.amle hal goods in a common maiket on a cost basis coillealueS to wlince rme tli iit t¥'ti]id haveh beai arI'dto side as agailst a manufacturing competitor l'ack hilm. Roberts on Morgan's "Preferred Lit'll who is operating in a state which has A few weeks bfore his nomination, not adopted approved unemployment Owen J RoIbert is t once and unelnipoymnnt compensation favor .f older people Is in accordance to insmue i'dcerly protedure and effective the Social Security Act conforms to the With thi g.nerallIy accepted principles of administratin, Within the act itself is traditional administrative approach of soeial in',uance. No younger nlan, how- the di re. i .U fl,r study and change; and state and federal co-operation. The fed- ever, whatever his age, could at tile same the Congress made effective this direction eral government establishes certain gen- cost, purchase equal benefits elsewhere. by puviiinr Ifu.. s to make such studies eral standards for protectioif uniformity, And sine we are a nation of faimnlie;. ;rid .reeo.l.ilidaalbons fotr change as time and convenience and the administration ninny young people will fild that the and epxiper ene nay warmr t. of these measures is entrusted to the hbeneits paid to older p&rsl, may be We want to implove--not to destroy jurisdiction of the several state govern- collectld by the older mi..ni..er of their The Social Security Act, in my judgment,. ments. The act was devised to provide own famnlies. is the mot humane document written somle safeguard against the insecurity In Ineasuring ser; ic'srlenhred to date into law in !!1s eni nhy. of modern life through co-operative ac- under the Social Security Act, it i,uld tion by the federal and state govern- be remembered that Congressional ap- ments, thus making possible fullest con- propriations have been available only HOUSING AS THREE-WAY GOAL sideration for the local economic and in the last six months, and that 19611 is STRESSED social iroblems existing within the an off-legislative year. Most state legis- 4 i]I ii(ile ftromInpage 372) states, while maintaining a national latures meet in the odd years. may expect another period of high build- unity of program and purpose. Uinder the public-assistance provisions ing activity. The nature and scope of the problem of the Social Security Act, the federal of insurance against old-age dependency government, in co-operation with the What causes these jreat up and down -that is, prevention rather than allevia- states, is now aiding more than a million swings of the building industry? The tion of dependeney-dlemanded a different indiiduals with federal grants totaling answer is simple: The relation between type of approach. A national system $48,000.000. the cost of building a house and the price or rent which it will bring on the market rather than a federal-state system is There are approved old-age assistance In the boom of the twenties the d.emandl essential. Two of the more important plans now operating in 386 states, the for housing was so great that prices and reasons for this are, first, that satis- District of Columbia, anti Hawaii. There rents were factory actuarial bases for 48 different are approved plans for dependent chil- high compared to building costs; construction was profitable. Dur- state systems are impossible and, second. dren operating in 22 states and approved ing depression incoms were low, rents constant migration of individuals who plans for the blind in effect in 21 states. were forced dawn hecause families were would retain rights under several state Increases in assistance to needy aged, constantly moving into cheaper quarters systems for long periods of years would dependent children, and the blind have and "doubling-up," values of houses involve great difficulties. The need for been possible because of this act. retirement benefits is due to the fact were forced down because so many that more than a third of our population Under the unemployment compensation homes were being sold out to pay for today 65 years of age or older is section of the Social Security Act, 14 defaulted mortgages and few could af- dependent states and the District of Columbia have ford to buy them,. Commercial huilding adopted unemployment compensation did not pay and few families had enough Nnd for Pensions Grows laws covering 45 per cent of the indus- sure income to build homes of their own. trial population of the country. Only Consequently. private building almost The modern problem of old-age se- one of these states had adopted legis- ceased and men were thrown out of curity is growing, as the percentage of lation prior to federal action. Fourteen work by the million. our population in the old-age group is additional states will consider such laws rapidly increasing. The span of the Since 193, several factors have when their legislatures convene next changed average human life is lengthening. Yet this situation. First, workers' year. incomes have increased, families are as the years in which a man might work Besides the activities that fail under are increased, rapid changes in tech- "undoubling"-seeking homes of their the jurisdiction of the Social Security own, couples who had postponed mar- nology take from the worker skills he Board, there is coverage for health, con- has depended upon for his livelihood, riage during ipression are now creating sideration for crippled children, the in- homes, families are moving into better and the speeding up of industry because dustrial worker injured in accidents, and quarters,. This raise, rents: rents in of physical strain cuts down effective other phases of federal and state inte- June, 1936, were 22 per cent above the earning years. And yet, if long life is grated welfare assistance. 1933 average.' to be a blessing to mankind, expectancy of longer life must carry with it a sense The Social Security Act attempts to Secondly. the Himne Owners' Loan of security. set up a community method of self- Corporation saved nlore than a million protection. No man can live by himself mortgaged homes from foreclosure, pre- It has been stated that this section of alone; economic misery in one group venting these properties from being the act could be simplified. No one who undermines economic stability in other thrown oil tile market to reduce real understands the magnitude of the ad- groups. The experience of the last years estate values. Thus, some $3,000,000,- ministrative problems of dealing with has taught us that awareness of the 000 worth of mortgages, which had orig- millions of people would deny it presents inter-relationships of individuals and inally been granted and were being fore- a difficult task; but the reason for deal- social groups is a requisite to successful closed by banks, insurance companies ing with millions of people is because living in a modern world. To reduce and building associations, were replaedl millions of people need old-age protection the hazards of old age, to meet the needs by government bonds, thus releasing this and their families need the accruing of dependent children, to aid the blind, amount of "frozen" credit for reinvest- protection from death benefits. to mitigate the casualties of unemploy- mnent in new building. Due to this action The public-assistance section of this ment, and to stabilize con,,sumption, the of the HOLC, to the increase in buying measure deals with dependency. It rec- programl for social security has been power and other factors, real estate ognires a present emergency need and initiated and advanced. We recognize values are inrlerasing and hanks, insur- attempts to meet it. The object of the that security is relative. We are not ance companies and other investors are federal old-age benefits plan for those asking that life be stripped of its chal- today eager to lend money for building covered is to lift old age from dependency lenge; we want to lift life from the which two years ago they withheld. for future citizens of the United States. hazards of enforced idleness and man's Thirdly, interest rates on mortgage It is not a sinmplified dole system. It last years from the risk of poverty. We money are lower today than last year was built up on the assumption that a want to give the child a chance. The by about i per cent. This is an import- man would receive benefits under it as a Social Security Act is the first construc- ant point, for if a builder has to pay matter of right, since what he received tire effort by the federal government to more in interest on the money he bor- was related both to his contributions and join with the states in this widening field rows for a house than il inn get in rent to his life earnings. The weighting of of human welfare. Time and experience ai ,ihX [ lr lj I , rt d the benefits during the early years in are necessary to perfect legislation and I iiguret] Seitember, 1936 Thei Jlouralf of Elctrircal IVorktr.l itd Operators 399 for it, he will not build. In f ofiuie year fom now until 1i945. 'i l a 'hT'i Sp'ligfeild Conference banquet the FedLera Housing Adminisration ins ho an uniioeo. de.lit l]d vlulellC o Illi.illi. , wll be no10bexceplion. ben imllportalthIre, EIA, by its re for the Jarls I. nilliib] r of II...s i 15.iEXHIBI'IS. Each year more mu- qluir'niernts fol itlNilqintr along bhue hlid Ii It i y private i Id ' I ...rie iipillitics tor I ai few eonrei ial firl 'it i uI I i h t.i I.."" it)rglLgetd was, 8,10,1100 itl 19214, oitd ~th,avellgp91 ic shwinE xlhihiits at the conferences. I..onl 'y pii'elt'it e I II it sti," ['ans t I, i.21 i,, 192. w. GII;.,004 yearly. Sillori. of thibe have i ithe lpast been so 51> pill1) ' i I wIrbJ, ' Ilerilue ill,.a , btnl 11hiI1¢ w( klihL nI ahllt rIt l100),000 mIW line anil rceiq;rkal, l I, I laltrl tl Iatioin- been (6. 7 or perI enllt; (2) it iiursU hill Ie . { ail IIe itidtllist, sulilly tihe wide att'.iktnihi It, It Is l]y expected first niotage' uipL tI 80 pr ((lo f a a hI lii .... ueld I' tbele wll lhe se.eral iliore municipali- home builder's priperty, wivie befoire We, ,,lie now to a real diffieul1y the ties exliibiting tIn iv.ei beifore and that fromI 50 to i10 perlent Was tbe lil.it fio pr'oil i hollmehbuilding, It is e' li itiial the xhibits will be i.l...e 'xlcnsive, edu lfirst n ortgage, withl a schiiod ollnl I111 "baIo ild bill I.....bn ItIlib, fioy 'e t 'atiiflil arid lispnj'nt gage at hligh rates for the lii; (:) ii 1sa le , fo' f`ti..ilie ' whIt, lh hin'coes I6. THEOIDORE A. ].EISEN. sec'e- insures amontlzed lonii fao 211 yial, Ilnder $1-010 :t ¼;,' in Ill, Norlli ImI period where before about lhre years 4ary and gene!al n... la.I...e. Metropolitan West or $1.2i0 ill III South is not tdlit' Di[lticl f£ Olr0aib, NeO,, was the practie. witii expetnsixP l'efin r,Ifishied has Th. /...... I, Depart- been asked to speak in "'IThe Manage- ring when the fils t]i il enlet 'IhoseIe men"l F'ianbi'l Stv. of It'banieus- forms havi m/nt anlI Adl.iiktrattibon of Municipal mdade it muhb ehttper [ig ill If:19 shwli'ed. that t'l,-tbirds of families to build their own fhornBy Gas I'laIts"' with dism'Si.on of Onmaha's {htrlail fatmil,.e' hl'ict Tt'otiit]', lielow mnni.cipiijbally-noxni. tilitic"'. in suring ,mortgages. FHA also el] ..mail. tis lev l I.Eve, if {nM ,','rl ysblruh lift all risk for the 17. SENATOR OIIMER T. BONE. on hlder, nId ,iakIr ii t olb'l',s' ]iilco)iiie to I}th 1929) level. one- easier for thebohome uiildr to get credit, t of allhirl Am''n falilies woul sill "Ideral light and Poler 1Elojects?. Foilil), it Milte ofiricriased prilce le (l ill the Irunning Is profilhaile eus- 1, BASI1I MANiY. ot be Federal of building materials t. It osi If build. t.lnel1 il till. builihig indu try, Tbis I'Power (onfinisslin. on "'Rai, Studies of lng today is 22 pel r.nt bbelow ille 1ti) I IIItIt rival t inltustry ,iT, plle Ide Ill Federal I'...e (i...I.iss.o... level. Costs ha.e hee/n oweled c.ii efi diTv) siiIbol of tbli I ,32()0(I}..nie belie..s 19, E. E. ANDIERS. superintendent of by inploread eficisne and redueid, Iled tll etll i ''ear. A,, IIIte Iithr( L- MunicipaIl Utilities of Tla sonviiie, Fla.. prices of materials ilnin. wag, stand O00 Ra .I..ilh,'to live il s] ... s.. r shall l 'Whenlacksorv, ille Will (ease to Pay ards have largely been presrved a lhe ... r..llllen niTake'.tielqcil Ihoms.l Pt)S- Taxes." wholesome development siile f,, thl.em? The ('onigrEs just eIded 20. L. C, AN(;I:VINE oi "Rutai Ele, Withi ronts anld values ris iy, illOt onsihded Ile'islat.ion to provide go.ern- Irifiation Hlbo Out' (ity Built 100 gage moniey cheapr ancradcaie r to gct. eIrt sistanee... for low cost boISitg; Miles if Ru al Lire, Wilthout ederaIl costs sIill we]leJ ow prod ep.essinI.. elI it Imust be rie...... ide d ,nd mad.. hlw in and a sro shortage ,r hlos1iig, aj blb hr nlext ('oflgr,-s. 2L. 5. R iiSS,O suliri tiendent of City levil of priiate building is in piespeit Tbl ' piltr'lz[ra iliIb. oill IPI :7 I sIIw light, Seattle, WashM.. on "Present for the next tilI or ihree ylear. Sonic tIb nfio d fi ' III. t III-li Planssid I 'r ,Ipeer s of the Seattlie Muni- have.[. even teliled a bhnldium I.on. ir'tatl, I.a.t I hl.ne bIuidllng pinogra cipal Power Sster.i' wilh moing pie- Fioe buillingl iv ]ow taki.tn itt had, Ilyplaplay in putting oIlr army of oient- trt, s ,ad eIhihit. in revival with ftlcloy building also i ]oyedto Iork. The significanice to OI 22. E. ,. S(TATTERGOOT gencrtal moving upWlIrd anld Otf'e buullI, lagI' country of such a 'OgImailt can Irrdly manager arid chief elt'bi'l engineer of ging be.au.se f xce, f aatii buil be ov eretstiniltel, A nstionl 'aln hiave Ibe Bureau of 'iiuer and Light. ill 1929,. no gIl'atll,'r asset hln a good b, forn 23. CONGRtESSMAX .JOIIN . RAN- every The Housing Shortage. \c ha' e se fauily.G ii a faily a a..good KIN. ]lt "ais i, autilor with Senator that if pirlate butding is to supply thi: binus. and Ioi bhre talkn a lib tstep Nllmrifoth, TNVA bill and 'ho is the nation's ho me'o , leit~ arid bortlle a ~ l in lifting theb, it a highr ll of living, Il ..u.irliligiaidlot'tLe OI federal ' must bi Iiili en lb.. co. padl.ie witlh Sbol/ Are'itan housing be, a lifting pl'bi pn'I'r pilojeits in ithe [ino"e of costs, to make building profitabl. lut for.e( ... l tltovI[1%'aI'd (liag on her pI'imple? RePi'esentittii , bh'l bei..i inii ted to it rents and ho..(. values ar, hihl, hbo Citizens w~ill have a chance to answer speak upon that ubjiet. an .workershave ieeen t be.,.ies? T)hie, s Ihis ailllg othe (luestionsh tiniigh the 24, CONiRESSMAN W, ..MekFAR- are the essential 1.oints to bie kept i Ilex I 4 (in gre{ss LANE, wbo, has nadie I..'de ful record mind as we cn,,sider the presetll. u. in if piogesive mbu 'sne both in Conllgress problem. and in his wdit itrictt in Texas. WRIGHT Anterica is today felib w iih I viry LATMAN, N AURY MAVERI'K and PUBLIC serious housinng Mmorta ge, which i' not OWNERSHIP MEN MEET other tIl'ogl'esi vc i[arleir> (toni1 the same remnedied within a few years, will uieal AT SPRINGFIELD state have been ilvited. that millions, of faiilies ut.i.lir in thi, 25. R t RA EI.ECTRlIFI('ATION. 'I'llrln ill t d , .. 111 ;%i sordid, unhealthy suroluindnigs lbiibb Ih re als, is the oid Lineolri hop.esti'd. Efforts a ,' 1* ibi.g lade to seure ifrom thil breed illess aid Lokitg,rie. ., aIItb the IeIIlv I' .. i.I't.de tonb li, ich is edri'al Rural lt rieto Adminitra- ward to 1945, authorities nmake lite 1'.- tIvy un u and,]sual i ... irpm m h A,\ nli noit [[ a Suitaltbe 'r'pr'esenitativeIo preseint lowing very colrsrvat ,tli tIe If flr f'rnl Siripgtili il the 'torel Ne, i i titr Iofl t sfot Ii, o ' n II t'S progran niew hbomes needed: To replae hous. s Saltm Villtgp with th sbill I'.' in that izrii it t felel. now not fit Lo liv, in, three anl one- Ahlamiti..i Lii ln sp'i't his eally ya ,s, 26, Titl WORTLD POWER (ONFER- (luarter millon; furthir epl]a'nen Ii, BAANQUET (lii, th ill Ist , N 'E. luvihtti..n has ee exten.ded by' front 19:1f to 1I43. another tIhr.e and pdl'kks'adib Iw~lf .... h cr,,rl~l~ is Ih Iublil. LwlertSlil eague t, theo one Querier ihil]ioi; to Il..ovid fore iw Lie hlalquel, i'hi, is ,l), ii ftrrrttl , It i.1 i ',I]i'll Pow e. (',,nfer'.'t , is,/iil to rIvet fanililies bho will start hones between aalir nud willh toastIs e giVeli by v;ari thisyu inI Washiangt., I). (., illto have no ~ e nloW Slid 1945,'d a y six and f!t45~three IUl dl 'lr'nti iII ritt l[.l.t.re. that ki ' the fo'eign leleizate includ, tlhu' Springr- quarter illin,; total, 1:3,196000 ialtet'tinig s lld ,tol"fi a leo, th, Ibubl in'- ibl hl(Xonfe'enu'! IsI lo' if tbe ]poinlts of homes.' iicn is ;vhit'h n8lSeI,i iIecilwI aIdyii.l..- cietel(!ini their itieia... , 'The foreign To keepp u ,ith the niled then, we l1le11L ,I¥,he nobill, it cspemlly ,J~oy- delegales al?'W to IrL tildlen ILs guesta s of should build 1,320,0tl0 Inew hon s eabil Lhe governnlit. to various points of in- reIestin diiferenit pa!' s of the country. ' pl. i[[,¢ 1he li rhlL ritl 2t I va'Jit I a DIAMOND-SHAPED BUTTONS While the tour of thlesefore il ieNegates Ti vla r ill yo, e'oIt hll'el. may be completed befoi tie dates of our inarriaeablelarge imnr i,:or,r111I, ollgi Ihu ijeoe ,iL.. IV. ]I' III,n wllrs bie'I lliifI r,:Hq I 11 ¢sit b I' i lr Sl inglitld Con frenrce, an invittinon nate aet'i iiOtIn It nhoe d q'ilxl ,jl lit' Sights of the has I B. E. W. nevertheless been extended to them to I'REsima(eH rroxit ht'rbirg lbefortSea,,''Mll (Voii Gotrl fat-id anid handI- make Springfield inittco on Edituaction nid Lator oil Wagner *0 0 one of the points of tl usiang Bill S 4424, ARril, Z9; +~ (' .. d bybe l.Ikd..... I h .. $2$ 2.0 Iheir tour. 400 The JournaI 'f Electrical Workers and Operators Septernber, 196 FRED, YOU ALSO HAVE NEED going to penetrate somewhere through eIs, to everyone who dliserns himself TO LIVE your thick skin and leave you with some to be cranlled and restrained from vig- (!, c tl...lIPI fCro i'jli gti 3711 thoughts thL are not as comforting as orous seIf-x.pression to struggle out of that net, play a part aid live.' returned ani, ini .ire.dIonerninlg the use whiat the h, Irfellow tld yo.u. of the talents. lie found. that they had There al i... n i, htr hIr st.udied the iniiprov'l thlir tai.ii, built he that had ways of mln and wiho have a pretty fail but one had burieJd his in fear that he idea of what it is Il at .auses men to UNFOLD GRAPHIC EXHIBIT might lose it. Tihe master scolded him. run away fromiiie as yu.. cll, rhinking OF POWER and taking away the talent told him of doing. A few yvar ag, I famlous doctio wrot~ an au lie, tiat has since that he that would not improve his talent How the state of Nebraska will be would lose it and have Ilhat which he had bien nli.h. qm'uld. It wasi entitled Ahlh]]s\ei`thh I will quote you fui cshedwith ilrigation and electric taken from him. You, Proed, have ole power through a statewide electric grid talent-the privilege of life and the op- a sh'ls IIion.l slates that Ien like yu are nutisllhialllly infantile. )r, in system is graphially illustrated by the po1rtunity to live. Shoul you seek in PWA power division. A mammoth relief fear to bury that privilege, you are in other words, aIectl wit aduIt-nfan- tiism. This ran tie iondition and mnap colored a rich lerra cotta, like red danger of losing more than you are clay soil. depicts the terrain of the state. aware. conduct of an indiidual whuo, lhavis reached maturity of physical develop- Rivers are blue glass ilumlinated from Fred, Do You Remember? rent, remains iifntilte in his responses below Thile proposed.l power systenms on to tile domrras and obligations of life. the Loup and iPlatte rivers are repre- Fred, it happens that I live oil tilhe "Th adultinfant is not aware of his sented by lines of tiny colored lights that road over whichl Paul Revere galloped handicap, aniltfften gores through life flash off and on. Two small inset dito- on horsbhack warning the farmers that ign.orant of his part in the disaster and ramas show, oil one hand, the primoitive the British would he at Lexington and nicsfortue he eneoulternlor causes. He dry prairie with the log cabin of a settler: Conoird in the morning. There were blames thein ion fate, on the malignity on the other hand the green irrigated those who prepared themselve es for the (f others, or unfair treatment. ie does ares which will be made possible (r)ming struggle. And there were others, not experiene pleasure or fulfillment through use of water resources, like you of today, who thought only of in the thought that we are grown-up Tupelo, Miss.. which buys its power themselves and who felt that it made individuals prepared to meet struggle from the Tennessee Valley Authority, little difference how the country went, and hardship. lie thinks that the longer shows by a three-dimensional graph what as long as they eould tend their farms. he remains impervlous to life's warning the demands of its citiens for electric They were not going to be foolish enough the luckier he is; that if life would only current were each day of the year, and to get ixied up in that sort of nonsense. spaie him its blows he would be happy." each nflour of the day. It shows the iv- Today many thousands of people, Here is another quotation, one from ing habits of a city-when its inhabi- from all over the world, make visits to 1i. (. Wells' book, "The Science of Life." tants get up for breakfast, when the the spot where a mere handful of farm- If it fails to move you, then you are factory wheels start turning; the lunch ers dared face the despotism of the hopeless indeed, for it was men like you hour; tihe dinner hour, when the current world's mightiest nation. And along- he had in mind. load is greatest. Several other cities side that little hridge is a grave marking "In thile colil.rl rary civilized coin have similar exhibits. Disaster hit Tu- the burial spot of the Hessians who were islldty there is a vcry large number of pelo recently-a hurricane. The graph killed in the skirmish. On a rough stone Ipeoph who display a weak disiinnatliom shows almost no current used for days. is earred the words. "They traveled for life, who live by habit, who react The day of rejoicing when Senator George thre thousand m.iles to keep the past feebly to stimulation, who seem to be Norris visited the city also made its upon its throne." They were the na- spiritless and joyless. They are devital- mark that time it was a *juup in the load tions first strike breakers. ized indiviluals. Effort never scens as the city celebated. lhfidays, such as Fred, you were not born wi hen men, worth while to them." the Fouith of July and Christlmas, when mnaybe your father was among them, had "These people whose heart fails the:n fatories and] stores are losed, show a fought inl 1901 fol the nine-iour day may, and do, find onsolationi and co dlip in every city. and the Saturday half holiday. You pensation in a multitude of self-pro- Power station men will stop at the ex- were just a boy whenll other men fought tective mental complexes. They repre- hibition of the Boilel Manufacturers for the eight-hour day. And now the sent their slaekness as eonlm.un-sense, Association boiler models, drawinrgs opportunity fails to you to carry on the a, quiet modesty. a msnlyteious subtle anid pituresone of them a nmodel of forward movement of today-and you refinement that keeps them aloof fromi the highly efficient Philadelphia Electric hesitate, denying yourself the opportu- ilthe bawlstring trai of vigorous vulgar Company's Richmonrl station. The gas nity to continue your heritage. life They have a sociability of their industry and the National Coal Associa- Your friend, the author, mentions that own and are capaidble of immense passive tion have founmd a place to present their you were ort of a job in 1932 and part obstruction iii a progressive worldrh." tatisticics in graphic form. The National of 1933. Can it be that you never tried "There can be little doubt that in the Electrical Manufacturers' Association to fathom the real cause? You are now new clearness that is coming to lankind has a huge crazy-quil of pictures illus- happy in the thought of working full it will be realizedlithat submissiveness to trating electrical products, their manu- time. The only thing you fear is the limited education, under-development, facture aind use. irion anilld the terrifying thought of pos- ani under-employment of one's facuties, New developmen.ts and inventions are sible strikes. Don't forget this, you may will be recognized as a cardinal sin. shown, too, from the roller-gate datl again be thrown out of work, even though This cowering into ignoble hut appar- ,hich the water goes under, anti which Iou are among the faithful who let it ently safe niches in the social fabric, this can be raised to pernit crushing ice to ble known that you did not want any- burial of one's talent, this refusal to go through without damage to the dam-- thing to do withll unions. And don't learn and undertnd. anI serve aand live presented by the Army Engineers Corps forget the Briggs and like shops where to the uttermost, this suicide of most which has been building such dams in men like you were driven to desperation of one's individuality in order to keep the Mississippi-to the ingenious device with wages trimmed and trimmed and the rest of the body alive, is even less by which thile Geological Survey measures work speeded beyond endurance. Strong, tolerable to the new morality than it the flowof water in a stream. determined labor organizations help to was, in theory, to the old. The world top such conditions. is pasSing into a new self-conscious phase of economic and social organization, Don't Run Away From Life THIS BUTTON IN YOUR LAPEL which ha little use for acquiescent .rira ... ol&mJt-(*uiittierlAtim In Fred. if what I have been saying to drudges, and may develop an active im- J."!'r n t nld you has hadl no effect, I am going to patience xwith Inieely consuming para- size.l li.iii ii ""...;! I u Mll you a few cold, hard truths that are sites and cmlmniensasmi. Modern thought September, 1936 The Journval of Electrical Workers um! Operators 401 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE IN industry entirely outside his jurisdic tion? and yet have an enjoyable time. At- SHIPPING Is the C. 1. O. an organization for edu- tractions on the Midway range from 40 (Conilnuel from pa.e 73) eational propaganda or is it an agency cents down. Good meals can be secured made by the Savannah in 1819 to the for endorsing dual unions and leading on the grounds for $0 cents and up to 7 days and 20 hours made in 1866. This the more elaborate places. For those who ill-advised strikers to their Waterloo as come in automobiles, parking spaces are rate of increase tended to slacken dur- the Camden situation? Where does and ing the next 70 years: a fact equally available from 15 cents to 25 cents in will this policy lead or end? close proximity to the exposition true of railroad transportation. What The disastrous debale, of the R. C. A. held for speed held likewise for size, More than 10 acres of the grounds are, strike, which will hold back organization as the big steamships lost by their thoroughly air-conditioned and tih bulk ease of handling in harbors and as of these workers for years, which was weather in Texas in Otoboer is delight- they reached the depths of the channel foreseen and predicted by competent fully pleasant. The attendance at the in safe harbors. The Great Eastern was labor mtrn must be laid on J. L. Lewis exposition has already passed the two five times as big as the Clermont; Ihe andI if this is the policy of the C. I. 0., million mark, and it is predicted before biggest steamship today is less than twice thel the C. 1. 0. in its first test of battle the exposition ends on November 29 that 10,000,000 persons will have entered th, as big as the Great Eastern. The speed failed miserably and has been definitely of transatlantic travel in 1866 was over gates. Those who have attended the liac d on record as endorsing, support- exposition state that it compares favor three times as fast as in 1819 (47 years) ing, and organizing dual unions and the but the present ably with, if not surpasses, the Century rate is less than twice as C. 1. 0. leader signs union agreements fast as 1866 (67 years). This holds of Progress held in Chicago in 1933 and true in numerous d epartments of tech- in the nam of whom? Whose authority? 1934. nics: Acceleration and quan.tifiation Whose jurisdiction? What price glory? Make your plans now, arrange yoiu and multiplication went on faster in the vacations, do everything and anything early paleotechnic phase than they have to be one of the many thousands who will gather in the gone on since in the same province RAILROAD MEN TROOP TO DALLAS big railroad family party. Special trains from every diree coCltill10 frollDIp/. o78) tion will come rushing the throngs to LOCAL EXECUTIVE VIEWS C. I. O. raised, either downtown or on the ex- witness this beautiful exposition and AT WORK position grounds, and there are enough join the carnival spirit of being liter- free attractions on the exposition ally in a city of railroad workers. grounds to employ the time of a visitor The Jefferson Hotel, opposite the was I'personallly negotiated, peirsl. nally for two (lays. lie ed spend no thing Union Station, has been made official signed, not by the A. F. of I ., but by more than his 50 cents for admission registration headquarters. J. L Lewis of the C. 1. 0. Terms of Settlement The J. L. Lewis settlement agreed that all demands of the U. E. . W. and the strikers be dropped. That strikers PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES would be reinstated as fast as jobs were available. That a National Labor Board Accoutnt 1 . 'I,"e.. - 1.00 LbS, ....Ppe, per 0.1,iI ..… ... 2.1..24, election be held to determine the bar- Illilot l~toxeg, ouch -. t l~abels, larg* slzp tar Ii otse wiring, per 2JS0 gaining agency of all the R. C. A. em- Iuttons,"""""' """·~, .l.'"""'"`'" goldI.In -- rolled lenil ------. ------.il....''" ------. ployees eligible to vote but it was Iutlons, snianl 10k .old -,IU) Oblgatiol (alrd.,.dolble, per Ilaoze lMutons. umedium 10k gold --- 2- P-r-, Otailcl Ilett, per 100 agreed by Lewis that no majority would lIlt nlt . dila ol-n(I 4 l)' d Ii i .ktgoll -. ( RItuals, oextra , etllte i l IkU8.5:o be declared unless it consistel of 51 per luito lN, Cuff, R. I., per pir_ ----- 2 1 Relit Bliok. Aplpllemnit (300 reeltpl~l .1.76I., cent of the employces eligible to vote. l"book. M inutefor It. S. (sm atll}Reci e pt ito., A jiIIjIh, t.an (7ta hit)lI...It Iook. Mln ~ fo Sl. (lrglrtInle e It nolt. r ar(3110 rIllep ) 3.501.75 No mention that strike breakers be I.ook, Dlay ...... 1,5 trr.... B. ooI. "Ie'l, r. (TO receip) Brook. 1oroll CllCs'! I 511 llc~eekI*l "Ilk. Ml nlolcu (200 re dismissed, no guarantees when strikers (irbeio for receipt iibk* ....-- - - -pts) would he reinstated, no shorter hours, Charm. 10k gold Ioc I Mleecipt Bolok, rlane n (1~{ll050 re- no rotherI-, puplcte -0 - -pts)- 3,51) increase in pay. Merely an election (onlelete lLoeal Cllhnrtr Oiifft ?.0l) Rlpelpit IRonik. Ovrtlime as(ellNent ,0) which the R. C. A, freely offered belufore Oonlltulhion , per 10I - 7-- r ep------Single Copi es .10 Rle ipt nook. O ertimme assessment (750 the strike was called. l.25 E;lectrical Workers. S;ubh rlptoNm let yputt 2.1)1 reree[Dt"~I The Wagner Act requires only a mlllbet.,Autolobl -- R~ee.llt Book, linnrid -ll-p----s Ellvuniloeft, 1.,' majority of votes east to (ltermine the Olicial, per . . 1 Ileer Ilonok. Treasurer's...... :,5,51 (leaelsoeIch...... 50 l... tlpt 1Iollers, ealh ...... I...,9,11~ sole bargaining agency, tile Lewis agree- ledger, [oo.e leaf fllnter Fln.n.lal See- leearch wek]y relori s, per 100 - ment placed the employees in a worse rLetlry s., to,no Indexl,,50 II g .....10kgold ... 9i.0 Ledger pastes to ii t hor, led oer. per 100 I50 Neal, cut of position in that they are now required Iedlgpr, Irl anemni Secretory's. I~ pulges 5,01) Sefi!. 1.011 I her .,Finamiru .ei S nrys,.....4.)0,ee I e ( to have a majority of the 10,000 R.C. A. ltlger. roF] nelal See ttary's $00 page4 8.75 IilHulrawai (artt, willh Tran', (d . per employees who lave been declared ieigi (Extia e a]rvy Bhz~idln~ozg hble to vote. ledger, Inoose-lent ,esearh, Includlng 1a,1,8l5.0 .lWrrtrnllt leok, for ,. 5 ...... 5I If the bona-fide unions of the A. F. FOR E. W. B. A. of L. had signed such an agrecn ica it from AI,~l e;. I h I hl,,n.I.ti. . pr 7 Coistltiuio n and Ily 1,p... .. r 110 woilld have been shouted Alie 1,511 Shlngl C...eI house itolpr 'La ' HlayVd,o" ,eillI. I i(llr llr hpl..ll i uI(.. .5') ItItI.. . Itchil tic. Th. laIcit Iuajl election settled l ithi ing. Shtiks art disil/usone, pios peets of real organization h been irreparably Iharmed, 3,000 workers have permanenlly lost their jobs through oer METAL LABEL tain s visi .b-dl work.. bein g rejitrecLed on4 oui hut th, illlIl lessol to ihe e(Ih le labor n.ovem.e.t is ol parilulunt in porta.nee and tliat is: Tie only legitimaite OTEk--The ahon,. artlins iill he xx hICF.lhe'pltiedt reo .i, e . .t.nt.n h, 'ash uuoml);tric, labor movement in this country is the tle' or er I .ll..ri. tilet , lor r 'illj ii i lie . t..1..11 z4( 111" ulpiio e I,s ,nt i I ik l.av ,lo l ,g A. F. of L. and its affiliates. Who authorizes . L. Lewis to per- orADDRESS, G. M. BUGNIAZET, . S.pren sonally sign union agreements in an ADDRESS, G. M. B3UGNIAZET, I. S. 402 The JoaIIIIof Elfccftfril TVoIrki rs alud Operators September. 1936 LOCAL UNION OFFICIAL RECEIPTS FROM JULY 11 TO AUGUST 10, 1936 I I .. If q ln~I I I ~;',7~1~1~ ~ ~ I, :;,~;~ ""15 10177 I;17 41!~.' ; ~;: J2 ~51t Illolt (1 2 144,los Ifi ;, 1 1119Lli1 101.103 ! I 9:5I~~~~~ii9t106 I I1iii"l lot4 f; 317!i 251i5!14, fit~i o 1~4 l14;44I 551~4 ~ItI; 4'~S5 .lI 1 2*.. ? 1,Lit* 771345 27l'lI ? 27;/(.It1 $!1S $ ! II~1 II 1 217. --7411 5 A2 1 5150S0k, I I. 7IIii~71014. J~ it 4q8312 4i:22 II, of I~;1St -. ·' 21.71;'. 1. I!.I --- IZA7 I181-I/t I1 1t,Al2 ---- 290465!124 29DID125t30 207771 ifl 175olIl408I~90I lol 528516 2- 1 9TI)-3 1 69(91. '2S7 q qll 1{14;, 147-280 I2I4284 l3 ;l__- -- A 2B45r2 26{1}101 .7921 5179ii 1 4 7l71s 77fs IsI 11-1 4; II 31 A.1 21821 J270)11 7271ll; 7275!1 1o~. D221) 922-60. IS tl71 l l;S 1617 8(14-® 99706 9511762 ,3_ -- .Al 27447,27.i fli 1 12 ITO il 19~3 IIll LID97 121110l 1;S. I ~7-3 ';I ~ "4117 244~9~4 [:1-- AJ ;if;OilD S i 01 419279:, 4!12 'ii5o l0 3 f51 ]I;l 9!1/11372{31 : {; 2:4216S 282119 ITI.W. ?!Tiof4 ]1(I ----- I lbs l 19Sl0 ]90 ;1~I I :l;I fi).} ){43: 93414 2 15il4~ Ill;;4 Ill- -20-L 1!ol 2 27~:T1I I3- 24 1625 24863.5 1{ 3 1. 3A~l211fo3026ti; 89451I $9 T7 2 I 1I- 4;t 75!47]I; ]I o 77,I1141; 7 7 '1.,I Di~l- tIfforD5!t 09i B~{I A[ 81401 ~41~i'LM 17 114-~9 .1355 11 I- _f llli 2I II'l 11. 111171 IID 3 lol 111 11 1-81.11 50)S~;7!9 !0SlifO 11 I 16 3517 1!1f 1 I7I 1 7 Il I ) _ _~9(008 ;i 5 Bi1113-fl3 :L~3_ D~1III 'I 292-1ilelr I I2-2- I I i 1725f7~1 T l lI :i. 75~1.113 75NoB ll l I --__4~855T It 3--- "CAP 24 25 ;i5.(i] 1115.q]5 14--- 22530 2:15.3ilq 1!tI 1;f)2I2;1 Ai ~;ll _901017 89OI0 II 3I--- i:) _' P) 9727.121 . 1 I'll---- ,£4s115f$6 51S89 I!t I 217sI251 27SO41otR !;1 2 - 62421 6;2423 I .;l7 ¢45t il l,70 IIt ----- 5144] 95114 19194, 53"L11,1, I'l- * (115H 1I1I - DAP I ? ] 8t!62 I~ l ul(~_0(121... 682 6184!17 19, _14;7{54 14747!$ 31 -----.-769706 7f;9730 -ii _ lJ R13 4 Il 5 D4l8115 ,!RiT 7 122 - 22812 IDB 12 147 I 157I ;7_ _ 17S06 17,833 *l 3---- EJlr 4117'4.50 22712 226 l27 122 _. 44S52 44~:' I i)l; 261;251} Itoff7 3ii ."724S32 72 StD3 11 I ,I3 I]lT 471 IIII I .1D72(;} 122 ----- 277.01 2??7520 Vl.f 2StI 5 22S47_ ;{11 ._-95-{1 9523194 1; :1-- 0A 11l~7lt 1211(If .13751 9421K l22l --- O411 95S500 2II2 lo 71illX 2] 751994 7520(13 ]~dl, OA 120i l If,1 11450d 94506 124 ----- 3169A 21l, 52~11~fl 52(121 11 B221- ---- 254600 ll ._4 (_IA 124V 12400 01'1iif D920(60] 12- 1115~BI MIT 21z9! _127 2 1:15 A :122 '11589aO 9li 202g11 _02371 -24 ----- 488(14 4S8"7¢t 211. 9327 ; l_129411t 3;2l{ 117772 1I17822 ]121. _ O~ I ~20~l* 2{i ~? 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I 7 . - -123855 123 949 2ftl_74.lDi 1 iiIl 222)b I 2i;1 Ij 471 I 1i1 71 31A, 2238.162 2, · - li oolo)l) 9lOYml -I 1~1711 9 {a4'~!l II2_ 3719 7!17 2;II ;1147 !1 4g7~1(; !;7'2 Il,55220 - 2T fooll It 1111137~l (; 411'1 A4g497 Ill 1 7 01D 3¢f~127 I7 7l ~l-I- I;,177 o77711 37 2... 503-12g ~~1 2-1,, 414-21 9 ilolli )Y~~i~i11)?22 iii I 1(11.11 11 11i L~~iT1111 II I41 -' A 4: 1 I ITii2l 4ll l;.t tli.,7 (;(12ol Il,1347I..' .441291ii- II II0 44132-,l,2 1 1;7i d ;;1277illo'18 i11 9iII 3 7 :lJiil oT 72`{3;A7 101t'T I4:19 15 I 1. 111, I 'tin I l ~ 1,1711al 11,4111 `Iill!111112~ 94447~;(1!t!117¢;1(11Rl I¢;1I _iI --- 495155_142.971 {;gl11 1 4951~221-1"I 275IllIof. !li:I't-Olif -.S .132l~)11'41!l 1103 2J1IT) 49339.17671214171 14 !lIIIPA Ill1.q9Nl01 ill05 I If qo'I If.~ill lI ]~l1-11D- - -IT14¢9 III 1 712 l I7 lllilllI,"2:1l7 t 'I Illl4 1I :11II i 7i7l474 t;1 1'Tril471! I' , 1:- l 1i,D. f,5 1 1! J17. I.Ii2: II ~ ii I J19I Il' I3IIIS lim 717.iII 21;,;]5 "O 2!, 1t7. !11 '!2~ 27.. ~4~5 '74OI-1.2 222!)JI f 7, 184 77 I Il lfJ'II W ll_0I 1(71 ft II77 I - 7tli] 41(;~( ,-. . lol;13I 7 I IIIil 12 GI 1'244 I1 II; :124101l I II I If)III I 519,A"olf I 13!52!tig, iI'll-I., ~;7!~!~12~8! 1117 I l~:;-17 -- ;745111l 1111 g751. , Ill I; I23T~.SIP, : 5,1241o121 2 fill to , 7421[8?:152 724155I.!) 2! ::2 ll I ol, IIIi,, III, LL1it I --1 --- IT titl ITT' 20nl 1 I2ll 11iii.i I:1417liiP l: l bl 43)1.o tilt121911i ;.i I'll I II" I 2 II II -I 1 il I II 1 I11.0 i.1 Septemaber, 1926 llThe Journal(JJIL t'llchil ]1l'w/txr tlt( OwPtl'lr.b 403 1. II I 11 I~~~ II LI//i ;.IIII ll(;,I' T I LI; 2!11II 2 7977(I iii5 I~liI111. IT 7 111 I 711I_711111i7 i.11I lil1I f i :*134'3.Ill 15i :1 ill, ·I l II f-1 fillll1 21fl.- Il .1 1 7 ,I 7II II i lilll II I 1177, 51i -3fif li111111 (iI I I'17t. 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I;4)7 7l; -1; 7 1q lp-211 li-12 1i IL 7;If;l;17:, 7 :1!~ ,,: ,!~ ~]]~11} l I1 ]I I1 27 4:J! 44I LI) III7.1I0117.-T i. 4~ Ill 7 fl L ill I- 1II- ~7, 72l7lil i 71~2 " lili'; 'l il;~711littillilllll ; i4 Il L l i l i i lll 11II lt, I111%,'~f I l, ill, !~7Jg2!~ 1t Ll""!~ I 9 1 2!~71RI 1177il(:i) 77-Il( .l I'll, ;2IIIIIt I~; 471 L11-7111!.,I illl ~ ~ ~ 72 'ii. i 4 i ' ,II i -1 i ;i I IN? 7 1 l7-li 7i,2 I, 17:H7II 474 7 Ill I li 111 77I;!~I :i ]7p 172 ;;~li IT ILLi' I I 1;1.1;1:Pit, I If illl 7AilR5 I7,4~.] 4 1197 47.. i-i~7'tIA iI 'I~7~1 illi l 4 ii!I iI1 li i I: lIJ i . i Il 1 ( lipi?l.0 17I, ;-II, il I ii. .I Ii: WIS flII IT751;l 'll;I I I ~,li:.I 475 lpI ls 4; I I11111 I1 47 7 9117 I -L-Ll5 10 4719 I iii*l - 1 i 7!ff 7 I` it 2fill:l;29 i I LI:.7 "S57!-1I'I I 5\1I ill iilioiliiil; ii (Iliiii 61 l3-.1 I aiifIl-ll I I, I 41: fil -11I i.)1 I I.9.13 !I31 1i¥ I I L2Pitj :L2I (3"llif .ilIp3I 'llilifi lf ilf llllii 2711 1-e il 7719~12- 772(jI- I - II II ;7 I-I-.IIf??* 4 "I I'LL. It"1 iiIil 7071) I d I'll I 7 I 11 I 1H"i7-115 2971LI :IILI-1071) 4ll 11 11 114 1IillTix~ ;97 I'l ll, Ii i L1;L11llll I1;:: 48, 4,,, L~i II-,I i $22~,p 161 .127', 1I1%IIII .,I I 7 Ii I 7,, lliIIiIt Alvi I r ii 4!l ;7 1 55ii'll, lilli~l lift? 71;7 3l 1:II 7 7 T I I- - - --It - ~~-!il;~~~~~·, :liili 11lsl;7 497 29I 1 :1 ol 1 41'I l7 ll iil,I ri ':7117 1 `7;;~lH ;1, I?12 T 7 i l fillit li ilLI 1 l 511]. I'll l, 1 114t 17 'liifolI -. 117i I1,,,: II:,I 7 LL:I'7 li lil~lff 11-.:171 lili -. I I ,. II-11I 177Ii l ifI" : Ii %0i ;llll 71 lil n Il!Ii I 5-111,11; -lff 1 p t flill. ; !1!, i I It~~i ~ ,"o? ; I'1I87 LI I , ~ ; 214; I 1 997~- If IT IM}, l fi{, ,5 Ill. 7 l: l illl lil il fl iII-, 3l i l 1 41,,·iili ;,I, It f Illll, 49iI l Iff, 1370ilitill I7 oillI L.. 11 l 1 i I1lliil ? ii. II I7 i1l 25549 I1 /14 251ill ll I LI ~ A!II ;~(19I Xqh T21( liflt 'l Iii , 79 I :f1 7111 I I, illfil., IIilil, I 'ii i I175 L -..-, `;-'""~~~~~~~~j~p 4?2 1-1fitI +L7I. LI i::!- 717I 0, F1 ILIT filli 71ii ii ""II I:L" ' ,7 77IL~iL1 TV..... 5o91 :11.11:11 il l 1A -L71.1 52~ I 111li.W ll 1 7 . ifill. :1,11,1 297110 11911 I'lifii, " i 1 I;; :111. 1;., I -, 7ii Ilifli'l l L27l0llf (1II ILI I ii Ill Apollo,, ii " ; IALLIll, I iii 19111il I i,, I l, Ifil I,,,,, 7 1~· IIII093 7 MIfull I I'l" " ! I'l I 14· I 5 I IlI 1 il flill fiill ll llIfI_, ft.ii i77 l D 77il I II :iII L71l R foil iil-2f ll " -' I ii 1 17 Ill. I l-i IL il) 53;" 1i il lill-11,117 i1 1;l; 1; l 71iili 5~i? lilillf IIILA 1.11 h"y, ;7 lf l"; 7 7i 1.17 Ilf77 1~ 1 : 7fr i:1 lll Il il 71l;117 i 91lii 71 1 7 1 121 LI ill 104 The Joauri of EBecticral Workers and Operators S ptcmber, 19; Ii I·, I N MIll J_ I N, oo Ii VOID L. I 2I2 I...... 77 21Th84W- , :I;I:i1ili a-,,, 213 --n[913. 915. 91? 918 ' LABOR SITS ON FRANCE'S BANK duning capacity of the United States.' This conmittee's report concludes with COUNCIL It had eonstructed the large plantts from a full text of all the bills under con- sideration. They make interesting read- (Contniul rrUi algl :171 wlieh the Allied Governments had been supplied during the period of our neu- ing. The committee's report may be output of France. Thie aggregate nomni- tfrality. So it bad practicnally a monopoly sec'ured through the Government Print- nal capital involved is $500,000,000. of the onstructiu anid operating expe- ing Office, Washington, D. C, and it The Marquis de Vogue is an iron- rhence neIes.ary for the contemplated bears the date June i, 1936. There master, the leading force in the com- plant, Naturally tilh( government turned seems, however, to be a scarcity of these mittee of ironmasters, is also an active to this cornpartyf lr assiptancc, It could repo'rts. Fascist, is in the railroad business, in the not rio olthrwise. Yet to, thr l miolnlth electrical business and is a gentleman the hbuilding of this rowler factory was farmer. He is president of the French delayed beause tihe dio Pont Co. wold Farmers' Association. COURTS FOR WAGE-EARNERS not accept the liberal contr act terms LOOM The one big union of French employ- offered it. When asked about the crit ical ers in the General Federation of French charater for the proseution of the war t(il,,Illlel] Ifil~liop g 3771 ssocli- Producers, and the other trade of the period when this delay occurred. in a day. ations send delegates to this federation. handle as many as 100 eases are organ- Lieut. Col. Harris testified: 'It is hard The inalienable rights to jury trial Even the munition makers ill say which was the Insit ritical time ized into a trade association. The fed- and to appeal are got around in Massa- of the war, but that wais a very critlical eration has about 30 sections: Iron and thusetts law by making it optional with ,tecl, mining, shipping, chemicals, tex- tine.. the plaintiff whether he shall sue in the tiles and insurance. There is an associ- "lTh government offered to pay every small claims court or in the usual aan- the former method he ation of linen employers and silk iollar of expense', to advance $1,000,000 ihr. but if he chose employers. The one big union of on account of profit, and to pay addi- waives his rights of jury trial and ap- employers has had a rapid expansion tonral prait as determined by arbitra- pcal. Likewise the defendant, upon noti remove the dluring the last few years, increasing tion. This was rejccted by thhe company's hiation, may immediately its affiliated groups from 1,500 in 1925 hoard of dilrectors upon the ecomn.Ienda- case to a higher court but, failing to do to 2,500 at the present time. The eni- lion of Mri. Pierre do Pont. ie wrote so, ,iUsLaccept the judge's decision as ployers are considered about three- that, * * we cannot assent to allow- final. fourths organized. They are active po- ing our own patriotism to interfere with The small claims courts are primarily litically. They seek to get their own ,uI' ies as trustels' for the stock- oor men's courts. They have a pro- men into strategic governmident positions holders. At the time. he was one of the eeeling which appeals to the average and they are tied up intimately with the 10 lairgest holders of the cmpany's coa- man because it is something which he can Iank of France. lhu, stock. understand. Cases are settled generally The governm theatenid,ent to build within a week or 10 days and seldom cost ;he plant itself but it had no -cal alter- nru.e than two or three dollars at nlost. native to aceipting the tr.... the The small claims courts operate as STATUS OF LABOR UNIONS IN branchies of established courts and thus WAR TIME iiu Ponts. A ain was ppintd to tndertakethe work who apparently had serve to simplify rather than to compli- pioip1 exper'ene in powder manufac- ate the existing system. They are more power of the industrialists over the ture, The lu Pont Co. refused to co than skin-deep cures,. They strike at government with this incident. operate in asslstilg th, .overnment th, roots of our legal deficiencies. "During the World War industry effort. Finally a contract was signed struck in connection with governmnlt. under which the dii Pont Engineering procurement. (C., a wholly owned subsidliary of the I. B. E. W. RING 'blIp sort of gift an Elec- "The War Department became con- lIu Pont Co., built the Old Hickory pow- trial orkr wouilt bt. vinced that there was desperate need for der factory without risk to itself and vast additional powder manufacturing madi a profit on operation of the plant aloniwjco. J nat il ,r rnlg capacity in the fall of 1917 Th(Idn Pont amounting to $1,9G15.60. If the war hadll Co. by its own adfmission controlled 'about continued the profit per year w.ul have. I' '-- 9 90 plr cent of the snm. kerkss powder [Ino- heui a·bot $15,i000,00." l ON C~~~~~~~fR JEVERYd A oainidU plrtare ohe tVA UI( i ilho Or ,l VI/, iit IlAS a m ,irIl ;i .i< lI, T''et ... t rMaybeii'I t'he bet,h or, peI hap my w.rihy the tl~ihriellx iii1 ·mmI1 ·ib·i(fr 'P/ .1Intai rg,,r ~i,,punitl !,]eH*o l ~,l, er5t It Bi·rothern .ur iAulSr'Io Illri rI,. Ill(e[n ate ? a liltttei~ntl,~od ~l~f ii ~ihiiigi Big Jim { Ill,zn h sak.yt I I e. 'ihe hiik-l er"t di i ' o s Lll, j twere lt A Lead of Poles to the Pearly CG.tes Soni Old Timers ,about Ifte.. I u. IF I l....d IsBoilr SteIe i,,. daYy at nIonIll, i , ti.VI no hIfl Ke-slsr luadle d role sIve'r-' i'le'aiuat Run to t III I iri...... I , ,.110, iltmg W,± rS. A, ''tS" Slay(iLS ]utrt we Iliy work tioail 1I till 1; lJe' lnl iitrl f i nt iietk. p II.. lr. , , l ,Io hias i' week. iI lts:nd,ceo more,, And hu' still a;ilg,,vsr.ip.l thi.' wily l uel. the Ioti,'p q Ii' i1Ii 'i!UIN....: Are unhin trsles mil the (hI hle h r0r.. (ldI''T-llne" Mi.ply was a brick,li they said. Theseae is, $2I) tcl dity, i hpei'! ie islhi I is ...t pill/ made Wild West (onsil.er..I up here as p reIt"y Itoo. lay. Now, bulirddl. if i looks good I yO,oll1 r A nitfiBil forotil eI,IllIVIl t'. Il oh, WaiyWet)Lit i>ll finpe Ael kotoe,'z, Start ill tihlli iTolh'ii ;igllD lt lc iyrolw"i TOIats D '(lliiLr antti lihiyI liagins the hlid. At Ste kkney, Aid 'lil]ld kinr fore¥er of the I nVrnen, li i ltiIs it oii the pll nptlr illaCh.ilet. Now "Iled'" had worked the 'o ntry o'er, A nd Lari, III VIili l. IIil Illa t hii i i)pilirl Like thiete imtutrirtjlamlm,, Iamen' At S'likeyit irmn the iuLal,'rhi iniot to the Pesi'jilte gholr. Thiy¥'e SInT I, re. tnd I d Veor Battled in winter with snow.... Maybe it'> nI, thr(ely , rolo.. hilt, In the ditane he hetsd ,,ir h o say, l So if sewage gut's s'rmey linmd mter gets hbzy, ' \'our "btetleel hid[' .q'tt you an~ih lmimle 'In' lIii ItttSti-pin'' '. It i 1.Do,,I IIegI .e " [;,., l"~ R...... ; Transportet ion Troubles t)'r N l/pt,'' t<,the hd.i .,,im'ynep~j. Thbe water Is kIt ii the yatlh mf tile, 'lie meal.'fger f si tri'et rnuiaiiy xwaz ht his lifS, ltter a Il. sl,'t a, rott. lt Th.se, Foolh Things desk A tall, irinlir fenmaho wa isIhered in. With ,.wIk fl'0 larhl¥ ye'u'rF( tli1,0Iai "I hays' ii eitep~[hueenl In, rmake- [Dibarlded eloihyii' 'Itm tere anI theln. Noiflt.e . o he.rIh t e pushI r's grUT~lb/e. A pair i f golf shils i}[ a heid'lrrnI hhair 'rslnlorrox~ let t ropiuhtis :start Unew'.. "SI oiL wYs standlinig ora rtonrnee tn4 a T<, 'vhmi thi neui still chln. l .r..ight all' ieat't at home o humble. street ,aV c'ame Mnfithiagmccideliberaitely pasml Those foolH tIthIlg' r'e. md ImIf y(u. mei by ' A eheried gczue't t,,wl IceI f(or Youir The kidlites tot out I oyoli, w.i Did you step rIll or maeutiI anty seigri t[i} abution., As they >tairth foi* e'orkies youmisd you wisheld ti tlake the ear '?" A cake if oiIap dlis-iyng itt solution, Their tiIg-rs fumble with thte lurh pail "No. lit I "as staidmig 171 the crner And iN the fall, tub-rI rng. A, they rtie rosy faces tll be kizVed. anI the notormni delihrately liessed me These foil[eh Ong re'mind nuo of you. by" All of thil yo.. ld bact'lorq mise, Yu. eaime. Y.. %w. SIll t'(ii,,lule..... tIe. "Well, mladal, we hays' abott 700 carmen IBut As yulltrtYe'! al'..g lite'sMIlold alone. how cIulld I fI...... o !i or 'rrIlphey lrlid iII.I.,g tIhIe ir, two who '['here's ndhit g lik, kids and a hltIpng wife's YOU tould s,> ( hetsNbie? are inind reaiers. If ImP that it Iwas Tobacc o ashes' s~cMNtreil everywhere, kiss tillh'r ( thsp twt, i, h asI.. l y.'u by I will ',o riuke( ItDTY ' Ili.etuf "leihei sweet homi.e. A cigarette bI.rn ci, I WlrdIor Ihillr, have hWm illImlltly dslmhissed." Ane odor or gire~n~- CO"N (OBB W..ILI*. These foolish things i'emitij rin of you. Local No. 8, Toledo, Ohio. Victoria, B. C. s,,l~ St... L.¥ M...Us. IBiERALISM, IT IS WELl TO RECALL TO- DAY, IS THE RIGHT WHICH THE MA JORITY CONCEDES 10 MINORITIES, AND HENCE IT IS THE NOBLEST1 CRY THAT HAS EVER RESOUNDED ON 'Ti11s PLANET. Jos[ ORmI'i A Y GCAsS I, Spanish Fssaqtisi