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Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon Td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford

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Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon Td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford Eachtra Journal Issue 14 [ISSN 2009-2237] Archaeological Excavation Report 00E0422 ext, 01E0327 ext, 02E0809 - Shandon td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford Medieval moated site Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford. July 2007. Client: Dungarvan Urban District Council, Civic Offices, Davitt’s Quay, Dungarvan, Co. Waterford. Licence No.: 00E0422 ext, 01E0327 ext, 02E0809 Licensees: Stuart Elder (00E0422 ext) Emer Dennehy (01E0327) John Tierney (01E0327 ext) Daniel Noonan (02E0809) Cork The Forge, Innishannon, Co. Cork Written by: S. Elder, E. Dennehy, J. Tierney, Tel.: 021 470 16 16 Fax: 021 470 16 28 D. Noonan & A. Doolan E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.eachtra.ie Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 2. DEVELOPMENT SITE LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY ..................................................1 3. DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................2 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ..................................................2 5. DESCRIPTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK ..............................................................3 6. DISCUSSION & INTERPRETATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES AT SHANDON .10 7. CONCLUSIONS .........................................................................................................11 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................12 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................13 10. APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT REGISTER ........................................................................13 11. APPENDIX 2: FINDS REGISTER ...............................................................................26 12. APPENDIX 3: LITHICS REPORT .............................................................................32 13. APPENDIX 4: PETROGRAPHICAL REPORT ON STONE OBJECTS ................................33 14. APPENDIX 5: REPORT ON THE POTTERY AND TILE FROM SHANDON ......................35 15. APPENDIX 6: CONSERVATION REPORT ...................................................................39 16. APPENDIX 7: REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES FROM SHANDON .......................79 17. APPENDIX 8: REPORT ON THE PLANT REMAINS FROM SHANDON ...........................84 18. FIGURES ................................................................................................................87 19. PLATES ................................................................................................................102 Eachtra Archaeological Projects ii Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford 1. Introduction This report comprises the final excavation report related to archaeological excavations, archaeological monitoring and archaeological testing carried out by Eachtra Archaeological Projects in 2000, 2001 and 2002 under licences 00E0442ext, 01E0327, 01E0327ext and 02E0809 in Shandon townland north of Dungarvan town, Co. Waterford (Figure 1). The archaeological work was related to the Shandon Housing Project carried out by Dungarvan Urban District Council and involved the large-scale construction of a housing estate and associated services. The most notable discovery during archaeological work at Shandon comprised the remains of a large rectangular enclosure which has since been assigned RMP number WA031-072. Due to the fact that there were several phases to the work at Shandon, and because the works were located in differ- ent areas, archaeological work was carried out under a number of different licences. In 1999, 12 small test trenches were opened by Dave Pollock in the vicinity of Shandon House along a proposed access road (Pollock 1999). Preliminary monitoring of ground disturbance associated with the access area to the site and the housing develop- ment was carried out by Archaeological Consultancy Services Ltd. in 2000 (Licence no. 00E0442). ACS Ltd. also completed a detailed contour and geophysical survey of portions of the site in July and October 2000 (Licence no. 00R0046). Stuart Elder of Eachtra Archaeological Projects began archaeological monitoring of ground distur- bance associated with the access area to the site and the housing development in March 2001 under an extension to licence no. 00E0442. Archaeological features were encountered and these were recorded and excavated by Emer Dennehy of Eachtra Archaeological Projects over three weeks in March and April 2001 (Licence no. 01E0327). A further phase of excavation was carried out by John Tierney of Eachtra Archaeological Projects from September to November 2001 (Licence no. 01E0327 extension). Extensive archaeological testing was carried out by Daniel Noonan for Eachtra Archaeological Projects in June 2002 (Licence no. 02E0809). The site at Shandon has been divided into five distinct areas for ease of discussion though these divisions do not indicate that the areas relate to different time periods and/or different activities. The five areas are summarised in Table 1 and Figure 5 (see Section 4 for further details). Area Description Licensee License number Level of excavation Area I Sub-rectangular enclosure Emer Dennehy 01E0327 Three test trenches Area II Interior of enclosure Emer Dennehy 01E0327 Mostly unexcavated Area III South of enclosure John Tierney 01E0327ext Fully excavated Area IV East of enclosure Emer Dennehy 01E0327 Fully excavated Area V Testing at Shandon House Dan Noonan 02E0809 No excavation 2. Development site location and topography County Waterford Barony Decies-without-Drum Parish Dungarvan Townland Shandon National Grid Co-ordinates 22571 09415 Height O.D. 0 m and 20 m The development is captured in a bend of the Colligan River before it enters the Atlantic at Dungarvan Bay 2km further south (Figure 1). The site is located in an area that has been used extensively for limestone quarrying and two quarries are located on the development site itself. Two limestone quarries are represented on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1841 (Figure 2) and by the time of the compilation of the 2nd Edition O.S. map in 1904 (Figure 3) these quarries were significantly larger in size. For ease of reference, these quarries will be referred to as North Quarry and Shandon Cave Quarry throughout this report. North Quarry delimits part of the northern boundary of the current development. Shandon Cave Quarry is situated on the western banks of the Colligan River, to the southeast of the development site and immediately north of Shandon House and the site of a church (WA031-041) (Figure 4). Eachtra Archaeological Projects 1 Archaeological Excavation Report, Shandon td., Dungarvan, Co. Waterford 3. Description of development Dungarvan Urban District Council designed a development programme to construct an access road, a UDC housing estate, a sheltered housing scheme and a new stand at Fraher Field GAA pitch at Shandon. Due to the possibility that substantial archaeological remains could be present on the site, the area between the site of Shan- don House and the site of Shandon Cave was designated a green area for the scheme. However, in the course of archaeological monitoring and excavation, the understanding of the archaeological significance of the proposed development site changed. The ditched enclosure referred to in the Topographical Files in the National Museum of Ireland (see below) was found to be located adjacent to the North Quarry and not near Shandon Cave Quarry as had been previously supposed. When extensive archaeological remains were discovered on the proposed develop- ment site adjacent to the North Quarry, a decision was made for preservation in situ. Only those archaeological features that were to be directly negatively impacted upon by the development were excavated. A group of houses that were originally intended to be constructed where the concentration of archaeological deposits occurred were relocated. The archaeologically rich area adjacent to the North Quarry was designated the green area of the housing development scheme. The extent of this ‘green area’ was not fully defined until testing was conducted in 2002 as the archaeological remains were discovered in a piecemeal fashion because archaeological monitoring took place in tandem with the topsoil removal which was discontinuous. Further to archaeological testing in 2002, a number of other small ‘green areas’ were identified – ie. areas which contained potential archaeological remains that the client chose to preserve by redesign. 4. Archaeological and historical background Prior to the archaeological discoveries that form the content of this report, five archaeological sites were known of in Shandon townland: a cave, an oval enclosure, a church, a ditch and Shandon House. Shandon Cave (SMR no.: WA031-068) was formerly located on the western bank of the Colligan River in Shandon Cave Quarry (Figures 2, 3 and 4). The cave was the subject of antiquarian interest and investigation between 1859 and 1896 during which time the skeletal remains of extinct fauna – including mammoth, reindeer, wolf and bear – were recovered (Moore 1999, 56). No evidence of human activity was found in the cave and it has since been destroyed by quarrying operations. This important site has been delisted from the updatedRecord of Monuments and
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