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Caballeros-Elvis.Pdf AGRADECIMIENTOS A: Dios que me dio la vida, la sabiduría y la bendición de superarme. La Universidad Rafael Landívar, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Agrícolas por ser parte de mi formación. Ing. Edwin Estuardo Vaides López, por su asesoría, revisión y corrección de la presente investigación. Al Instituto Nacional de Bosques, por brindarme el apoyo necesario para desarrollar la presente investigación. DEDICATORIA A: Dios: Quién siempre me da su infinito amor, fortaleza para superar las diferentes etapas de la vida y me bendice con las personas que me rodean. Mis padres: José Alfredo Caballeros García y Nolberta Caballeros Garcia a quienes quiero mucho, por su inmenso amor, por su tiempo, sus consejos oportunos y por su ejemplo a seguir. Mis hermanas:Karla Johana y Adriana Melisa, por ser luz en mi camino, razón de mi esfuerzo, mi alegría y la motivación constante de superación. Mi familia: Abuelos, tíos, primos, que de una u otra forma han contribuido en mi formación. Mis amigos: Por su apoyo, compañía y formar parte de mi desarrollo integral, con mucho aprecio. INDICE GENERAL Resumen………………………………………………………………………………………………….i Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………ii I.INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................................1 II.MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Pino de Ocote ............................................................................................................................2 2.1.1 Taxonomía ..........................................................................................................................2 2.1.2 Descripción Botánica ......................................................................................................2 2.1.3 Distribución de la Especie ..................................................................................................3 2.1.4 Requerimientos Ambientales ..............................................................................................4 2.1.5 Principales Usos de la Especie .........................................................................................5 2.2 Resina ..........................................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 Ubicación y Formación de la Resina en Género Pinus spp ..................................6 2.2.2 Productos Derivados de la Resina ..............................................................................7 2.2.3 Usos de la Resina .............................................................................................................8 2.3 Sistemas de Resinación .........................................................................................................9 2.3.1 Los Sistemas de Resinación más aplicados son ..........................................................9 2.4 Importancia de la Actividad Resinera en Guatemala ................................................... 12 2.5 Estudios de Resinación en Guatemala ............................................................................ 13 III.JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL TRABAJO ................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Definición del Problema ...................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Justificación del Trabajo ..................................................................................................... 16 IV.OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................................................ 18 4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Específicos .............................................................................................................................. 18 V.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ............................................................................................................. 19 5.1 Localización del Área de Estudio ...................................................................................... 19 5.1.1 Orografía ................................................................................................................................ 19 5.1.2 Clima ....................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1.3 Geología y Suelos ............................................................................................................. 20 5.1.4 Recursos Hidrológicos .................................................................................................... 21 5.1.5 Zonas de Vida ....................................................................................................................... 21 5.2 Caracterización del Sistema de Producción .................................................................. 23 5.3 Productividad del Sistema de Producción ..................................................................... 24 5.3.1 Parcelas de Medición ................................................................................................... 25 5.3.2 Variables Medidas ............................................................................................................. 27 5.3.3 Frecuencia de las Mediciones de Producción de Resina ................................... 27 5.4 Evaluación Financiera del Sistema de Producción ...................................................... 28 5.4.1 Toma de Datos ............................................................................................................... 28 5.4.2 Indicadores Financieros .............................................................................................. 28 5.5 Análisis de la Información .................................................................................................. 30 VI.RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ........................................................................................................ 33 6.1 Caracterización del Método de Producción ................................................................... 33 6.1.1 Selección de los Árboles ................................................................................................ 33 6.1.2 Trazado del Árbol ................................................................................................................ 34 6.1.3 Descortezado del Árbol ..................................................................................................... 35 6.1.4 Renovaciones ..................................................................................................................... 35 6.1.5 Recolección de Resina .................................................................................................... 36 6.1.6 Transporte de Resina ......................................................................................................... 37 6.1.7 Equipo utilizado en el Proceso de Resinación ............................................................ 37 6.2 Producción del Sistema de Resinación ........................................................................... 38 6.2.1 Evaluación de la producción en función de las variables dasométricas ....... 38 6.2.2 Evaluación de la producción en función de la temporada de pica .................. 46 6.3 Evaluación Financiera del Sistema de Producción ...................................................... 48 6.3.1 Análisis de las variables,TIR, VAN y Relación B/C ............................................... 48 VII.CONCLUSIONES .............................................................................................................................. 51 VIII.RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................................................... 53 IX.BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................................................. 55 X.ANEXOS ............................................................................................................................................... 60 ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro 1. Análisis de regresión lineal para evaluar la tendencia de producción de resina, mediante al proceso de selección de variables Backward 40 Cuadro 2. Análisis de varianza, para la evaluación de la variable DAP en la producción de resinas 45 Cuadro 3. Prueba de medias de Tukey para la evaluación de la variable DAP, en la producción de resina 46 Cuadro 4. Test de medias de Tukey, para la producción mensual, promedio para las 3 unidades de muestreo, el cual muestra los meses de mayor a menor producción. 48 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1. El mapa muestra las cuatro zonas de vida que existen en el municipio de Santa Cruz El Chol y la ubicación de cada una de estas. 23 Figura 2. Ubicación geográfica de las parcelas establecidas en el municipio de Santa Cruz El Chol 24 Figura 3. Se observa la manera en que se identificó como iba a ir enumerado cada árbol respecto a su posición dentro de cada parcela. 26 Figura 4. La figura muestra cómo se colocó una plaqueta de metal sobre cada individuo, logrando con esto identificar con un número único cada árbol dentro de cada una de las parcelas.
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