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ABC (A: Activating Event, B: Beliefs, and C: Emotional Response), 731 Index A Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, 310, 1054 ABC (A: activating event, B: beliefs, and C: N-Acetylcysteine, 172 emotional response), 731 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Abuse patterns, impact, 1248–1250 17, 53, 110, 227, 387, 412, 429, 472, alcohol, 1249 498, 527, 533, 661–662, 758, 833, cocaine, 1249 877–878, 882, 1131, 1187, marijuana, 1250 1252–1253, 1309, 1336, 1346–1348, methadone, 1249–1250 1351, 1498 methamphetamine, 1249 Acquisition and Saving Version opiates, 1248–1249 indexes, 695 tobacco, 1250 Action-outcome learning, 263, 265, 274 Academic Emergency Department Acupuncture basics, 1238–1240 Screening, 18 clients experience Academic performance needling reaction, 1239 instant messaging addiction among teenagers history and method, 1238–1239 empirical study in China, 683–684 acupuncture needles, 1238 internet use and, 681–682 xue, means opening, 1238 Acamprosate, 140, 528, 951–954 physiological mechanisms, 1239–1240 autonomic dysregulation, management, 952 beta-endorphin and metenkephalins, brain c-fos gene, expression, 951 production of, 1240 calcium acetyl homotaurinate, 952 Acute caffeine intoxication, 801 COMBINE study, 953 symptoms, 801 dopamine hyperexcitability, 951 withdrawal symptoms, 801 effects representation, 952 Acute cardiac rhythm, 1126 glutamate receptor sensitivity, Acute coronary syndrome, 498 suppression, 951 Acute hyperthermia syndromes, 403 hepatotoxicity, 952 Acute intoxication features, 447 kidney, excreted unchanged, 952 acute psychosensory experiences, 447 metabotropic-5 glutamate receptors, periods of intoxication, 447 modulation, 951 Acute mania, 544 neuronal hyperexcitability, 951 Acute methamphetamine psychosis, N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors, managing, 501 antagonism, 951 Acute myeloid leukemia, 991 voltage-gated calcium channel activity, 951 Acute opioid dependence, 337 B.A. Johnson (ed.), Addiction Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0338-9, 1539 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 1540 Index Acute pain, 9, 467, 1147–1148, 1150, 1165, for anabolic-androgenic steroids, 808–809 1175–1176 Anti-Doping Hot-Line, 808 Addiction telephone service, 808 -associated intermediate phenotypes and for cocaine/methamphetamines and endophenotypes opiates, 809 heritable variations, 229 Cocaine Addiction Helpline, 809 in criminal populations Heroin Addiction Helpline, 809 comorbid psychiatric illness, 1450 National Meth Helpline, 809 criminal recidivism, 1450 for nicotine, 807–808 definitions, 1148–1149 callers and specific protocols, avoidance-type coping strategy, 1149 characteristics, 807–808 chemical coping, 1149 “quitlines,” 807 physical dependence, 1148 services, 807 pseudoaddiction, 1149 and transtheoretical model of change, 808 tolerance, 1148 Addiction, historical perspectives, 75–90 diagnosis of, 1164–1165 alcohol characteristics, 1164 and other drugs, 77 iatrogenic opioid addiction, 1164 predisposed or culturally determined, non-addicted patients, 1164 78–81 risk factors for addictive disease, 1165 Brain Disease Redux, 76–77 therapeutic dependence, 1165 histories of addiction, 75–76 neurochemistry of, 1151–1154 licit mind-altering drugs See also Pain and addiction rhetoric and reality, 87–88 Addiction, conditioning of smoking and nicotine, 86–87 effects of drugs abuse in laboratory animals taking history seriously, 88–90 conditioned place preference, 161–163 opiates and other illicit drugs, 81–84 drug-seeking behavior, cue-induced Addiction, neurochemistry of, 1151–1154 reinstatement of, 166–167 addiction and pain pathways in brain, drug self-administration, cue-induced 1153–1154 enhancement of, 163–165 brain’s dopamine type-2 receptors, 1153 reinforcement, second-order schedules chronic neurobiological disease, 1151 of, 165 cocaine self-administration, 1153 extinguishing drug conditioning and cortico-mesolimbic reward pathway, 1152 reducing cue-elicited drug craving dopamine release, 1153 cystine pro-drug N-acetylcysteine, dopaminergic and opioid systems, 1151 administration of, 172 drug/host and context, relationship drug-associated cues, extinction, 172 between, 1152 exposure therapy, 172 dynorphin, 1152 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors, effects of excessive dopamine, 1153 stimulation, 172 exogenous opioids, 1153 Addiction disorders, application in solving Gαi-coupled μ-opioid receptors, activation protein–protein interaction data, 250 of, 1152 substances, 249–250 glutamate release, 1153 Addiction, helplines nucleus accumbens, 1152 for alcohol, 808 reward centers, stimulating factors, 1151 “Drinkline,” 808 Addiction Research Center pamphlets about healthy living, 808 Inventory-morphine-benzedrine telephone counseling, 808 scale, 134 Index 1541 Addiction research, current approach for cocaine/methamphetamines and bioinformatics tools and analysis opiates, 809 color code, 244 for nicotine, 807–808 interaction between two nodes, 245 as self-help, 809 nodes and lines, 244 individuals self help pathway analysis, 243 alcohol, 800 generating gene list marijuana, 800 microarray experiments, 241 natural recovery, 799 Pathway Studio pathway analysis nicotine, 799 software, 245 processes of change, 800 integrated approach internet resources positive or negative sign, 244 for alcohol, 813 technology to capture metabolomic changes for nicotine, 812–813 gene expression microarray, 240 for other substances, 813 goal, 240 religion/spirituality and meditation, 809–810 transcript profiling, 240 meditation and mindfulness-based tissue and organ of interest approaches, 811–812 effect on gene expression, religion/spirituality and alcohol, 810 investigation, 241 religion/spirituality and nicotine, 810 epigenetic changes, 241 religion/spirituality and other substances, main stream research, 241 810–811 Addiction research, new vistas, self-help drug replacement 1507–1519, 1512 and alcohol, 804 neurobiological alcohol and drug abuse and caffeine, 801–802 research, 1508–1519 and nicotine, 802–804 alcohol- and drug-induced synaptic Addiction studies plasticity, 1514–1515 conditional gene modification on genetic level, 1509–1512 Cdk5, conditional knockout of, 194–195 on molecular level, 1512–1514 cremice and conditional knockout, 194 on neuronal network activity, 1515–1517 knockins in on studying alcohol and drug-related BDNF Met Allele, 191–192 behaviors, 1517–1519 nAChR α4 subunit, 192–193 retrospective views, 1507–1508 knockouts in Addiction Severity Index, 107, 1020, 1022, double-knockout, 190–191 1168, 1171–1172 genes and addictive traits, 189–190 Addictions, self-help approaches, 797–814 Addictive disorders in developing disability, bibliotherapy 1468–1481 for alcohol, 806 alcohol, 1469–1476 for marijuana, 806–807 injury, 1469–1474 for nicotine, 805–806 older adults, 1475–1476 perspectives in, 805 organ systems, 1474–1475 defining self-help special populations, 1475–1476 benefits, 798 alcohol–drug interactions, 1476 empowering, 798 alcohol-related liver disease, 1476 uses, 798 anabolic steroids, 1479 helplines adverse cardiovascular effects, 1479 for alcohol, 808 artherosclerotic effects, 1479 for anabolic-androgenic steroids, 808–809 atherothrombotic phenomena, 1479 1542 Index Addictive disorders (cont.) amphetamine-like stimulants, 1480 cardiomyopathy, 1479 anticholinergics, 1480 dyslipidemia, 1479 sedative-hypnotic medications, 1480 echocardiographic evaluations, 1479 risk of addiction and disability for children hepatic/prostate ultrasound, 1479 born to mothers, 1480–1481 semen analysis, 1479 amphetamine metabolites, 1481 cardiomyopathy, 1475 Manitoba of women, 1481 cocaine, 1476–1477 neonatal withdrawal syndrome, 1480 Neuropsychological Screening Exam, symptoms, 1480 1476–1477 schemic stroke, 1476 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1477 Addictive drugs, actions of symptoms, 1476 chronic exposure to drugs of abuse, 272 vasoactive properties, 1477 cocaine exposure, 272 cognitive impairment, 1476 competitive inhibitor, cocaine, 270 dietary/medication noncompliance, 1476 D2 and D1 antagonists, 271 gastrointestinal bleed, 1476 dopaminergic lesions, effects of, 271 hemorrhagic, 1476 experimental approaches, 275 heroin, 1477 exposure to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 272 immunodeficiency syndrome, 1477 glutamate signaling, 272 hyperalgesia, 1477 intoxicating effects, produced, 271 methadone maintenance program, 1477 mechanisms, 270 inhalants, 1478–1479 neurotransmitter transporters, role, 271 cognitive effects, 1478 opioid peptides, 271 neuroimaging/neuropsychological Adenosine, 554 studies, 1479 acute biological effects of adenosinea, 554 paranoid psychosis, 1479 A1 and A2A receptors, 554 psychiatric/neurological sequelae of and caffeine, 554 chronic solvent, 1478 Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 5, 372 toluene-based adhesives, 1479 ADHD, stimulant medication for, 698 methamphetamine, 1477–1478 Adjunctive psychotherapy, 1531 dopaminergic/serotonergic/ Adolescence noradrenergic/glutamatergic marijuana abusers, 1073 systems, 1477 negative consequences of drug use, 892–894 frontal executive functions, 1478 cognitive deficits, marijuana use, 893 neurotransmitter systems, 1477 dopaminergic adaptations, nicotine task-shifting strategies, 1477 use, 893 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, 1478 effects on brain’s function, 892–894 methylenedioxymethamphetamine hippocampal volume, 893 (ecstasy), 1478 magnetic resonance imaging results, 893 electroencephalographic studies, 1478 neuropsychological deficiencies, 893 neurotoxic effects, 1478 total hippocampal volume, 893 opioids, 1476 weakening inhibitory control, 893 stimulants, 1476 neuroscience, 890–892 osteoporosis, 1475 dopamine,
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