Section E Alfalfa hay—Alfalfa caterpillar Colias eurytheme – also known as Orange Sulphur Colias philodice – also known as Clouded Sulphur Pest description and crop damage Adult is the common yellow butterfly with a black border on the wings. The caterpillar is green Hay and Pasture Crops and covered with very short hairs. It is seldom a pest in the Pacific Northwest (http://bugguide.net/node/view/3248). Sampling and thresholds Ten or more nonparasitized larvae per IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE USE 90° sweep, sometimes called a straight-line sweep. OF CHLORPYRIFOS: The State of Oregon has adopted new restrictive Management—chemical control rules on the use of chlorpyrifos-containing products ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 in Oregon. Please refer to Oregon Department of days for cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Agriculture Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. Permanent Chlorpyrifos Rule at ♦♦ azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5)—See specific labels for https://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/Pesticides/ rates. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Aza-direct and Neemix 4.5 are OMRI- RegulatoryIssues/Documents/Documents/2020/ listed for organic use. ChlorpyrifosRule.pdf ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai or kurstaki (numerous products) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Most effective on small caterpillars; use highest recommended rate for fully developed ones. Evening applications increase efficacy. A spreader sticker may improve performance. OMRI-listed for organic use. (Group 11A) ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0125 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.044 lb Alfalfa Hay Pests ai/a per cutting or a total of 0.175 lb ai/a per season. Retreatment interval 5 days. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to Stuart Reitz direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are Latest revision—March 2021 visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than once per cutting. In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay under some conditions, and Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the applying to wet foliage or during high humidity may injure tender pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before foliage. Use higher gallonage (up to 40 GPA) when canopy is making any pesticide applications. For alfalfa, harvest is defined as dense). Carbaryl is extremely hazardous to bees, so do not apply when the crop is cut. when bees are foraging in the treatment area or nearby. Latex- based formulations, such as Sevin XLR Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A) Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen, Prevathon) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. Pesticides. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications per Pesticide resistance: Modes of action are important criteria in year or 1 application per cutting. Chlorantraniliprole is considered a selecting insecticides so as to prevent the development of resistance low risk to bees. Retreatment interval 3 days. (Group 28) to insecticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of- 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. action group number more than twice per season. For example, Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 pyrethroids have a group number of 3A; chemicals with a 3A group lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of number should be alternated with chemicals that have a group chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing number other than 3A. Mode of action groupings are assigned by season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Because of the information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/. pyrethroid component (lambda-cyhalothrin), this product is highly Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming of preference or superiority of pest control. For all insecticides, crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to use appropriate adjuvants and application methods to maximize blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 efficacy. and 3A) ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI (grazing or cutting) 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a, 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a, 21 days at rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler irrigation. Chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply chlorpyrifos or

PNW Insect Management Handbook E1 allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV; other products) at 0.45 to 0.9 lb ai/a. area. (Group 1B) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Do not apply more ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.26 to 0.52 lb total than 10 times per season or exceed 3.6 lb ai/a per season. Direct ai/a. PHI 14 days. REI 24 hr. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other exposure to methomyl is highly toxic to bees. Do not apply or product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting nor allow drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively more than 4 times per season. This product is highly toxic to bees visiting the treatment area (Group 1A) exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.12 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming graze/forage, 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not apply more than once per crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B and 3A) cutting. Do not apply more than 0.5 lb ai/a per year. (Group 18) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.05 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb if rate is 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days if more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do 30 days. Permethrin is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply or 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing allow to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing area. (Group 3A) chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a (Mustang), or at 0.014 to toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming 0.025 lb ai/a (Mustang Maxx). PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 0.3 to 0.9 lb ai/a per per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to 100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.025 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or a total of 0.35 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or Alfalfa hay—Alfalfa and/or cabbage looper allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment Autographa californica and Trichoplusia ni area. (Group 3A) Pest description and crop damage The adult moth is gray to light ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.0075 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI 1 brown, and the front wing has a white teardrop-shaped mark. day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do Larvae have three pairs of abdominal prolegs, two pairs in the not exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. middle of the abdomen and one pair of anal prolegs, are light green, Refer to product labels application limits if products containing and have a pale head. Fully developed larvae are about 1 inch long gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin and move in a looping, or “inchworm,” fashion. Larvae rarely need are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to chemical control in alfalfa. For additional information, see: https:// bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or horticulture.oregonstate.edu/oregon-vegetables/cabbage-looper- weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming alfalfa-looper. crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.065 to 0.11 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for Sampling and thresholds Ten or more nonparasitized larvae per 90° cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed one application per cutting or sweep, sometimes called a straight-line sweep. 0.44 lb ai/a per season. May be applied to alfalfa through overhead Management—chemical control sprinkler systems. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. visiting the treatment area. (Group 22A) ♦♦ azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5). See specific labels for ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 1 rates. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Aza-direct and Neemix 4.5 are OMRI- day for forage harvest, 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply listed for organic use. only to pure stands of alfalfa. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (numerous products) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb ai/a. cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels for PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Most effective on small caterpillars; use application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin highest labeled rate for large larvae. Evening applications increase and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in efficacy. A spreader sticker may improve performance. OMRI- the same season. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to listed for organic use. (Group 11) direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0065 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a per season. Retreatment interval 5 days. ♦♦ malathion (Fyfanon ULV) at 0.61 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or Do not exceed 2 applications per cutting and maintain a minimum residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or 14 day interval between applications. ULV formulations are the allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment only ones labeled for this pest. Not effective below 65°F. This area. (Group 3A) pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen, Prevathon) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively visiting PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications the treatment area. (Group 1B) per year or 1 application per cutting. Chlorantraniliprole is considered a low risk to bees. Retreatment interval 3 days. (Group 28)

E2 PNW Insect Management Handbook ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. 1 day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 Apply only to pure stands of alfalfa. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing for application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- the same season. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Because of the direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not pyrethroid component (lambda-cyhalothrin), this product is highly apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV) at 0.45 to 0.9 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Do not apply more than 10 times and 3A) per season or exceed 3.6 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI (grazing toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming or cutting) 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a, 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a, 21 days at crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any chlorpyrifos blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 1A) products more than four times per season or more than once per ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.12 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first application. graze/forage, 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not apply more than once/ Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler irrigation. cutting. Do not apply more than 0.5 lb ai/a per year. (Group 18) Chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.05 to 0.2 lb ai/a. For use on residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply chlorpyrifos or pure alfalfa stands only. PHI 0 days at 0.1 lb ai/a rate, 14 days if allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment more than 0.1 lb ai/a is used. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a area. (Group 1B) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. Permethrin is highly ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming PHI 14 at low rate to 21 days at 0.52 lb ai/a or above. REI 24 hr. crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to Do not apply Cobalt or any other product containing chlorpyrifos blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per season. ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.063 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days forage; This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or 3 days hay or fodder. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or season. Do not exceed 6 applications per season. This product is allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment toxic to bees exposed to treatment for 3 hours following treatment. area. (Groups 1B and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Do not apply this pesticide to blooming, pollen-shedding or nectar- ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb producing parts of plants if bees may forage on the plants during zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb this time period. Entrust is OMRI-listed for organic use. (Group 5) zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a (Mustang), or at 0.014 to not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or 0.025 lb ai/a (Mustang Maxx). PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.013 to 0.044 025 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a per season. Alfalfa hay—Alfalfa weevil This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or Hypera postica residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or Pest description and crop damage Larvae are about 0.375 inch allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment long, yellow to green, with a white stripe down the back. They feed area. (Group 3A) in and on the buds and leaves of alfalfa. For additional information ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.0075 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI 1 on their biology and management, see: http://extension.usu.edu/ day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do files/publications/factsheet/alfalfa-weevils89.pdf. not exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels application limits if products containing Sampling and thresholds gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Treat when— bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or 1. Thirty percent of plant terminals show feeding damage. Either weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming cut and then treat stubble or treat the standing crop, depending crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not flood irrigate on how close to cutting it is. within 24 hr following an application (Group 3A) 2. Damage is noticeable 1 week or more before estimated ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.065 to 0.11 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for cutting time, and larvae exceed 10 per 90° sweep, sometimes called a straight-line sweep). cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed one application per cutting or 0.44 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly toxic to bees 3. Larvae number 20 or more per sweep (180° sweep, exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or sometimes called a half-circle sweep). Thresholds based on weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming larvae per sweep are a general guideline; weather, plant vigor, irrigation schedules, cutting date, history of weevils in the crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. May be applied to area, and a complex of other factors should be considered in alfalfa through overhead sprinkler systems. (Group 22A) making treatment decisions.

PNW Insect Management Handbook E3 Management—chemical control ♦♦ GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (Spear Biological) at 0.2 to 0.8 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 2 lb ai/a per year. Most of these insecticides are hazardous to bees and should not be applied if bees are actively foraging in the alfalfa. ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.065 to 0.11 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for cutting. REI 12 hr. Larval control only. Do not exceed one ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 application per cutting or 0.44 lb ai/a total per season. May be days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. applied to alfalfa through overhead sprinkler systems (Group 22A) Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0125 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply only days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. to pure stands, avoid applications when bees are actively foraging. Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. season. (Group 3A) Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. If pretreatment damage is extensive, are to be used in the same season. (Group 3A) cut alfalfa and treat the stubble for alfalfa weevil larvae. This ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. product is not effective against adult alfalfa weevils. Do not apply REI 12 hr. Larvae only. Not effective below 65°F. Do not exceed more than once per cutting. Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay 2 applications per cutting and maintain a minimum 14 day interval under some conditions, and applying to wet foliage or during high between applications. (Group 1B) humidity may injure tender foliage. Latex-based formulations, such as Sevin XLR Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A) ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV; other products) at 0.9 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Effective on larvae only. Do not ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to exceed 10 applications per season or 3.6 lb ai/a total in one season. 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. (Group 1A) Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.1 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days at chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days at more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. Do season. (Groups 28 and 3A) not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. (Group 3A) ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI for grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a or 21 days ♦♦ phosmet (Imidan 70-W) at 0.7 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing at rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any chlorpyrifos or cutting. REI 5 days. Do not apply more than once per cutting. products more than four times per season or more than once per Do not apply during bloom. Do not use latex- or pineolene-based cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first application. adjuvants. (Group 1B) Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler irrigation. Minor ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.063 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days forage; phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. (Group 1B) 3 days hay or fodder. REI 4 hr. Only for suppression of alfalfa RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. weevil larvae. Do not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per season. Do not ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. exceed 6 applications per season. Entrust is OMRI-listed for PHI 14 days at low rate to 21 days at 0.62 lb ai/a or above. REI organic use. (Group 5) 1 day. Do not apply Cobalt or any other product containing ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a (Mustang), or at 0.014 to chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per 0.025 lb ai/a (Mustang Maxx). PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. (Groups 1B and 3A) ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing Alfalfa hay—Aphid season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly Includes toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming Alfalfa aphid (Macrosiphum creelii) crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to Blue alfalfa aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata) ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.025 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for Pest description and crop damage Aphids are common on grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not legumes. Aphids can frequently cause problems when their natural exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. enemies are eliminated by sprays targeting alfalfa weevil. Border (Group 3A) harvesting or strip cutting can help preserve natural enemies for ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day aphids and other pests. Aphids feed by sucking juices from leaves, for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not stems, and pods. Large populations reduce plant vigor. Aphids exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer secrete honeydew that can promote a black sooty mold and decrease to product labels for application limits if products containing photosynthesis. Aphids may also transmit viruses to alfalfa, including gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin Alfalfa mosaic virus and others. The pea aphid is “large” and can are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to be green or red. The spotted alfalfa aphid is small and pale yellow bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or or grayish, with conspicuous dark spots on the abdomen. It often weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming is on the lower plant and can seriously damage some varieties. crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) Correct species identification is critical for optimal control. Damage thresholds are lower for blue alfalfa aphid than for pea aphid. The

E4 PNW Insect Management Handbook following guide provides easy to use diagnostics for key pest aphid for suppression of aphids rather than control. Do not apply any species: chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first http://diagnostics.montana.edu/Insect/topics/AphidMtGuide.pdf. application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler Contact your local extension office for assistance with irrigation. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment and identification. For additional information, see: http://www. should not be applied when bees are foraging in the treated area. extension.uidaho.edu/forage/Proceedings/2004%20Proceedings%20 Minor phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. (Group 1B) pdf/Insect%20pests%20in%20A0.pdf. RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.26 to 0.52 lb ai/a. Sampling and thresholds PHI 14 days. REI 1 day. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting Treat for pea aphid when: nor more than 4 times per season. Refer to product labels for 1. The population approaches 100 per sweep and plants are less application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and than 1 ft high. Blue alfalfa aphid may cause damage at levels products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same lower than 100 aphids per sweep. season. Highly toxic to bees when exposed to direct treatment. 2. The field is about 2 weeks or more from cutting or is under Do not apply if nearby bees are clustered outside of hives and water stress, as evidenced by wilting plants. bees are foraging in an area to be treated. (Groups 1B and 3A) 3. Predators and parasites are not controlling the aphids. RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Treat for spotted alfalfa aphid when: ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb 4. Aphids average 10 or more per stem, and honeydew is zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb noticeable. Seedling stands are most susceptible and can be zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do damaged seriously even by relatively few aphids. not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or Management—biological control 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing Several species of predatory beetles, bugs and flies, and parasitic chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly wasps occur in alfalfa and can maintain aphid populations below toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming damaging levels. Insecticides often destroy such beneficial insects, crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to leading to severe outbreaks of aphids and other pests. A field blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B guide of important natural enemies of aphids and other pests is and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. available at: http://ipmnet.org/Pocket_Guide_of_Natural_Enemies. ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 0.6 to 0.9 lb ai/a per pdf. Information on which pesticides are most compatible with 100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. natural enemies can be found at: http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/ ♦♦ dimethoate (numerous products) at 0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI 10 days PESTNOTES/pn74140.html#TABLE4 or by contacting your local for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hrs. Do not apply during bloom. Do extension office. not exceed one application per cutting. Do not exceed 0.5 lb ai/a Management—cultural control per season. Higlhy toxic to bees. Restrict application to the period after dark when bees are inside the hive or in the early morning Certain commercial cultivars have resistance to aphids. Consult before the bees are foraging in the fields. (Group 1B) seed company representatives or your local extension office for ♦♦ flupyradifurone (Sivanto 200) at 0.09 to 0.137 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days recommendations. Information is also available from the National forage, silage, cutting for hay. REI 4 hr. Retreatment interval 10 Alfalfa and Forage Alliance (http://www.alfalfa.org/). days. Do not exceed 0.365 lb ai/a per season. Management—chemical control ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day Most of the following insecticides are hazardous to bees and should for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer not be used if bees are foraging in the alfalfa. to product labels application limits if products containing gamma- ♦♦ azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5)—See specific labels for cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be rates. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Aza-direct and Neemix 4.5 are OMRI- used in the same season. (Group 3A) listed for organic use. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day ♦♦ Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ESO) at 0.5 to 2 quarts/100 for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply only gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. Do ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 to product labels application limits if products containing gamma- hr. Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be 0.12 lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb used in the same season. (Group 3A) ai of chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. growing season. Refer to product labels for application limits if REI 12 hr. Not effective below 65°F. Retreatment interval 14 days. products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing (Group 1B) lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Can be ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV; numerous other products) at 0.45 to 0.9 lb used on alfalfa grown for seed, but make applications when bees ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Do not exceed are not foraging by applying during the early morning or during 2 applications per cutting, or 10 applications or 3.6 lb ai/a per the evening hours. Be aware of bee hazard resulting from a cool season. (Group 1A) evening and/or morning dew. Remove in seed crops, remove bee shelters during and for 2–3 days following application. Do not ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.05 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days apply directly to bee shelters. (Groups 28 and 3A) at 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days at more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI grazing days. (Group 3A) or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a; 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a; 21 days at rates greater than 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Generally only

PNW Insect Management Handbook E5 ♦♦ sodium borate (Prev-Am Ultra) at 50 fl oz/100 gal. PHI 1 day. REI season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products 4 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- ♦♦ thiamethoxam (Cruiser 5FS / 5FS Alfalfa – seed treatment) at cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Because of the 0.001 milligrams per seed. Will protect young alfalfa seedlings pyrethroid component (lambda-cyhalothrin), this product is highly from damage caused by aphids for the first cut only. (Group 4A) toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a (Mustang), or at 0.014 to crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to 0.025 lb ai/a (Mustang Maxx). PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. and 3A) Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI for ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a. per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to or 21 day for rates greater than 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or more than four times per season or more than once per cutting. weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming Do not reapply within 10 days of an earlier application. Minor crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) phytotoxicity possible on new growth. Chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply chlorpyrifos or allow it to drift to Alfalfa hay—Armyworm blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 1B) Includes RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. Bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) PHI 14 days at low rate to 21 days at rates above 0.52 lb ai/a. Western yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera praefica) REI 24 hr. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per Pest description and crop damage Larvae vary in size and color; season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products usually they are 1.5 to 2 inches long at maturity. Armyworms are containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- pests of most legume hay crops. cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is Management—chemical control highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly (Groups 1B and 3A)—RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5)—See specific labels for not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or rates. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Aza-direct and Neemix 4.5 are OMRI- 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing listed for organic use. season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (numerous products) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming product/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Most effective on small caterpillars; crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to use highest recommended rate for fully developed ones. Evening blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B applications increase efficacy. A spreader-sticker may improve and 3A—RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. performance. OMRI-listed for organic use. (Group 11) ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 0.3 to 0.9 lb ai/a per ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0125 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. days for grazing or cutting. Only effective on small larvae. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.025 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per season. This product is highly grazing or cutting. Only effective on small larvae. REI 12 hr. toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. This product is highly toxic blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than once per cutting. Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay under some conditions, ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day and applying to wet foliage or during high humidity may injure for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not tender foliage. Carbaryl is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply to product labels for application limits if products containing carbaryl or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin the treatment area. Latex-based formulations, such as Sevin XLR are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A) bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen, Prevathon) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications per year or 1 application per cutting. Chlorantraniliprole is ♦♦ GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (Spear Biological) at 0.8 lb ai/a. PHI considered a low risk to bees. Retreatment interval 3 days. (Group 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 2 lb ai/a per year. 28) ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.065 to 0.11 lb ai/a for beet armyworm ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to and 0.09 to 0.11 lb ai/a for western yellowstriped armyworm. 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed one Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 application per cutting or 0.44 lb ai/a per season. This product is lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it E6 PNW Insect Management Handbook to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. and sometimes kills horses, cattle, and sheep. Symptoms include (Group 22A) blisters on the tongue and mouth, colic, diarrhea, blood or intestinal ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day lining discharge in stools, and problems with urination or bloody for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply discharge in urine. If you suspect blister-beetle poisoning, contact only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. a veterinarian immediately. For additional information, see: Blister Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. beetles; Pests or Beneficial Predators? http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/ Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing CEPublications/FS113E/FS113E.pdf. gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Management—chemical control bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than once per crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) cutting. Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay under some conditions (wet foliage, high humidity). Carbaryl is highly toxic to bees ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or REI 12 hr. Not effective below 65°F. Not effective after worms weeds. Do not apply carbaryl or allow it to drift to blooming crops reach lengths over 0.375 inch. Retreatment interval 14 days. if bees are visiting the treatment area. Latex-based formulations, Limit to 2 applications per cutting. Malathion is highly toxic to such as Sevin XLR Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A) bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply malathion or allow it to drift to blooming ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 1B) 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV; other products) at 0.45 to 0.9 lb ai/a. lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Do not exceed 10 chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing applications or 3.6 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly toxic season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Because of the crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 1A) pyrethroid component (lambda-cyhalothrin), this product is highly ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.12 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming graze/forage, 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not apply more than once crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to per cutting. Do not apply more than 0.5 lb ai/a per year. (Group blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 18) and 3A) ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.05 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. at 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days at more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. PHI 14 days at low rate to 21 days above 0.52 lb ai/a. REI 1 day. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. Do not apply Cobalt or any other product containing chlorpyrifos Permethrin is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or more than once per cutting, or more than 4 times per season. Refer residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply permethrin or to product labels for application limits if products containing allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin area. (Group 3A) are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.063 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days forage; bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or 3 days hay or fodder. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming season. Do not exceed 6 applications per season. Entrust is OMRI- crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B and 3A) listed for organic use. This product is toxic to bees exposed to RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. treatment for 3 hours following treatment. Do not apply this ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day pesticide to blooming, pollen-shedding or nectar-producing parts for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not of plants if bees may forage on the plants during this time period. exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer (Group 5) to product labels for application limits if products containing ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin Mustang at 0.035 to 0.05 lb ai/a, or Mustang gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin Maxx at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin Alfalfa hay—Blister beetle are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Epicauta spp. bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or Meloe spp. weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming Pest description and crop damage Large, gray to black elongate crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) beetles feed on foliage in late spring and summer. Feeding on hay causes little, if any, crop injury. However, blister beetles are a serious concern for hay producers and livestock owners because the cantharidin in the blister beetle causes cantharidiasis or blister-beetle poisoning when livestock eat hay that contains it. Cantharidin irritates animals’ gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, may irritate the mucous lining of the mouth, may affect behavior, PNW Insect Management Handbook E7 Alfalfa hay—Clover leaf weevil ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Not effective below 65°F. Retreatment interval 14 days. Hypera punctata Do not make more than 2 applications per cutting. Malathion is Pest description and crop damage This is the largest weevil highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on found in legume fields. Fully developed larvae are about 0.5 inch blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it long, green to yellow, and have a brown head and a white or pink to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. line down the center of the back. Larvae feed on buds and leaves. (Group 1B) Larvae rarely need chemical control in alfalfa. Management—biological controls Alfalfa hay—Clover root curculio During cool, moist spring weather, a fungal disease usually attacks Sitona hispidulus the larvae, naturally suppressing populations. Pest description and crop damage Adults are grayish weevils Management—chemical control about 0.16 inch long. Larvae feed on fibrous roots and chew cavities ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to in main roots but usually do not significantly reduce yield. 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. Management—chemical control (Adult weevils only) Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on (Groups 28 and 3A) blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. PHI 14 days at low rate to 21 days above 0.52 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. (Groups 28 and 3A) Do not apply Cobalt nor any other product containing chlorpyrifos ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per season. PHI 14 days at low rate to 21 days above 0.52 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing Do not apply Cobalt nor any other product containing chlorpyrifos gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per season. are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B and 3A) bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B and 3A) zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming and 3A)— RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not and 3A) —RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day to product labels for application limits if products containing for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Adults are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to only. Refer to product labels for application limits if products bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. This product is crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. (Group 3A) Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. For adult gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin suppression only. Apply only to pure stands. Do not apply when are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to bees are actively foraging. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels for application weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A)

E8 PNW Insect Management Handbook containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. cutting. Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay under some conditions This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or (wet foliage, high humidity). Latex-based formulations, such as residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or Sevin XLR Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A) allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to area. (Group 3A) 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 lb ai of lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of chlorantraniliprole- Alfalfa hay—Cutworm containing foliar products per acre per growing season. Refer Includes to product labels for application limits if products containing Army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris)—adults are called “miller gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin moths” are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to Clover cutworm (Scotogramma trifolii) bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or Dingy cutworm (Feltia jaculifera) weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming Granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 and 3A) Redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster) ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI for Variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a Pest description and crop damage Cutworms usually are dull or 21 days for rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any gray, brown, or black and may be striped or spotted. They often chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more curl up when disturbed. They usually feed at night and by day are than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first found under leaves or in the soil at moisture level. Cutworms can application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler kill seedlings and reduce stands. If alfalfa fields do not “green up” irrigation. Minor phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. in the spring, or are slow to regrow after cutting in the fall, look Chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or for cutworms. Small populations (less than one larva/sq yd) can residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment damage new seedlings. Cutworms are primarily a pest of alfalfa area. (Group 1B)— RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. and clovers, but they attack other legumes also. Army cutworms, redbacked and variegated cutworms begin feeding in the fall ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma-cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.26 to 0.52 lb ai/a. and overwinter as half-grown larvae in grain and hay fields. Most PHI 14 to 21 days. REI 24 hr. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other damage occurs as caterpillars complete their development in spring. product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting overwinter as partially grown caterpillars. In mild winter years, nor more than 4 times per season. Refer to product labels for be aware of large populations that can cause significant damage in application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in late winter and early spring. In mild winter years, be aware of large the same season. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to populations that can cause significant damage in late winter and early direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not spring. Variegated cutworm has an overwinter generation similar apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are to the army cutworm and a midsummer generation. Redbacked visiting the treatment area. (Group 1B and 3A) —RESTRICTED cutworms overwinter as eggs and caterpillars commence feeding in USE IN OREGON. late winter to early spring. ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 0.3 to 0.9 lb ai/a per Management—chemical control 100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.013 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for When convenient, irrigate the field before treating for redbacked or grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not army cutworms. This brings larvae to the surface, making control exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. easier. Applications in late evening, when larvae usually feed above This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or ground, are most effective. residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. area. (Group 3A) Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.0075 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI 1 toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) to product labels for application limits if products containing ♦♦ azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix 4.5)—See specific labels for gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin rates. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Aza-direct and Neemix 4.5 are OMRI- are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to listed for organic use. bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (numerous products) at 0.25 to 1.5 weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming lb product/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Most effective on small crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) caterpillars, but use highest recommended rate for fully developed ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.065 to 0.11 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for ones. A spreader-sticker may improve performance. Some grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed one application per formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. (Group 11) cutting or 0.44 lb ai/a per season. This product is highly toxic to ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0065 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.044 weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per season. Retreatment crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 22A) interval 5 days. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 1 direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than once per gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin

PNW Insect Management Handbook E9 are to be used in the same season. This product is highly toxic to ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.049 to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or 0.078 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of ♦♦ methomyl (Lannate LV; other products) at 0.23 to 0.9 lb ai/a. chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Do not exceed 10 season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products applications or more than 3.6 lb ai/a per season. This product is containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. Because of the blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it pyrethroid component (lambda-cyhalothrin), this product is highly to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming (Group 1A) crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.05 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 28 at 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days at more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. and 3A) Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI for Permethrin is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or or 21 days for rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any allow it to drift to blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more area. (Group 3A) than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.063 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler forage; 3 days hay or fodder. REI 4 hr. Only for suppression of irrigation. Minor phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. (Group alfalfa weevil larvae. Do not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per season. 1B) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Do not exceed 6 applications per season. This product is toxic to ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.14 to 0.26 lb ai/a. bees exposed to treatment for 3 hours following treatment. Do PHI 14 days. REI 24 hr. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other not apply this pesticide to blooming, pollen-shedding or nectar- product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting producing parts of plants if bees may forage on the plants during nor more than 4 times per season. Refer to product labels for this time period. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and use. (Group 5) products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a (Mustang), or at 0.014 to same season. (Groups 1B and 3A)— RESTRICTED USE IN 0.025 lb ai/a (Mustang Maxx). PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, OREGON. 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do per season (Mustang Maxx). These products are highly toxic to not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Group 3A) chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to Alfalfa hay—Grasshopper blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B Includes several species, especially Melanoplus spp. and 3A)— RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. Pest description and crop damage Both nymphs and adult ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.031 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grasshoppers feed on foliage. Early management of grasshopper grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not populations is critical. Consider treatment when populations exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. exceed 8 adults or large nymphs or 12 small nymphs per yard. (Group 3A) For additional information, see: https://www.agronomy.org/files/ ♦♦ diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L) at 0.016 to 0.031 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day publications/alfalfa-management-guide.pdf. for forage or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 1.5 oz ai/a per season. Limit 3 treatments. Addition of a crop oil or methylated seed oil Management—chemical control improves efficacy. Most of the following insecticides are hazardous to bees and should ♦♦ dimethoate (numerous products) at 0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI 10 days not be used if bees are foraging in the alfalfa. for grazing or cutting. REI 48 hr. Suppression only. Do not apply during bloom. Apply only once per cutting. Effective only on the ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 cutting to which it is applied. PHI 10 days for harvest or grazing. days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not exceed 0.5 lb ai/a per season. (Group 1B) Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0155 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer to Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per product labels for application limits if products containing gamma- season. (Group 3A) cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen, Prevathon) at 0.026 to 0.065 lb ai/a. used in the same season. (Group 3A) PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications ♦♦ indoxacarb (Steward) at 0.039 to 0.059 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for per year or 1 application per cutting. Retreatment interval 3 days. grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed one application per (Group 28). Apply when the majority of population is in the cutting or 0.44 lb ai/a per season. (Group 22A) nymphal stage. Performance is improved with the addition of a Methylated Seed Oil (MSO) adjuvant at 1 gallon per 100 gallons ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day of spray volume (1% v/v). for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season.

E10 PNW Insect Management Handbook Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/zeta-cypermethrin (Stallion) at 0.12 ai/a (0.001 lb gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin zeta-cypermethrin + 0.11 lb chlorpyrifos) to 0.275 ai/a (0.025 lb are to be used in the same season. (Group 3A) zeta-cypermethrin + 0.25 lb chlorpyrifos). PHI 7. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. not exceed 0.075 lb ai of products containing zeta-cypermethrin or REI 12 hr. Not effective below 65°F. Retreatment interval 14 days. 0.75 lb ai of clorpyrifos-containing products per acre per growing Limit to 2 applications per cutting. (Group 1B) season. Do not apply this product or any other product containing ♦♦ Nosema locusta (pathogenic protozoan) (Nolo Bait)—Apply as chlorpyrifos more than 4 times per season. This product is highly manufacturer directs. OMRI-listed for organic use. toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to ♦♦ phosmet (Imidan 70-W) at 0.7 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing blooming crops if bees are visiting the treatment area. (Groups 1B or cutting. REI 5 days. Do not apply more than once per cutting. and 3A) Do not apply during bloom. Do not use latex- or pineolene-based adjuvants. (Group 1B) ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.013 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin Mustang at 0.035 to 0.05 lb ai/a, or Mustang cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. (Group 3A) Maxx at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day Do not use more than 0.1 lb ai/a per cutting or more than 0.3 lb for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.15 lb ai/a exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer to per season (Mustang Maxx). (Group 3A) product labels for application limits if products containing gamma- cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. (Group 3A) Alfalfa hay—Meadow spittlebug ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day Philaenus spumarius for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Apply only to pure stands. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging. Pest description and crop damage Nymphs are recognized by Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. the frothy spittle mass that they excrete over their bodies. Meadow Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing spittlebug can stunt plant growth and kill young plants. Chemical gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin control usually is not warranted. For additional information, see: are to be used in the same season. (Group 3A) http://extension.cropsci.illinois.edu/fieldcrops/alfalfa/meadow_ ♦♦ malathion (numerous products) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. spittlebug/ REI 12 hr. Not effective below 65°F. Retreatment interval 14 days. Management—chemical control Limit to 2 applications per cutting. (Group 1B) These insects are very difficult to control because most insecticides ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.1 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days at 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days at more than 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. Do cannot penetrate their spittle mass. The following insecticides are not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. hazardous to bees and should not be used if bees are foraging in the (Group 3A) alfalfa. ♦♦ phosmet (Imidan 70-W) at 0.7 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 or cutting. REI 5 days. Do not apply more than once per cutting. days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not apply during bloom. Do not use latex- or pineolene-based Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. adjuvants. (Group 1B) ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0065 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI 7 ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Group 3A) Mustang at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a, days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. or Mustang Maxx at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per or grazing, 7 days for harvesting seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment season. (Group 3A) interval 7 days. Do not use more than 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to or more than 0.15 lb ai/a per season (Mustang) or 0.025 lb ai/a 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. per cutting or 0.075 lb ai/a per season (Mustang Max, Mustang Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 Maxx). (Group 3A) lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products Alfalfa hay—Pea leaf weevil containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- Sitona lineata cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. (Group 28 and 3A) Pest description and crop damage Adults are grayish brown ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI for weevils about 0.16 inch long with three faint stripes on the thorax. grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a They appear in large numbers in spring and sometimes late summer. or 21 days for rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more Adult feeding occasionally can cause substantial defoliation, than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first which is of most concern on seedling stands. Pea leaf weevil adults application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler migrate in large numbers when other crops they are infesting are irrigation. Minor phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. (Group harvested. Their presence in fields is usually spotty, and targeted 1B) treatments at field margins can be very effective. ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.38 to 0.76 lb ai/a. PHI 14 to 21 days. REI 1 day. Do not apply Cobalt nor any Management—chemical control other product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting ♦♦ alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac EC) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 3 nor more than 4 times per season. Refer to product labels for days of cutting or grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and Do not exceed 0.075 lb ai/a per season. products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0065 to 0.0125 lb ai/a. PHI 7 season. (Group 1B and 3A) days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days.

PNW Insect Management Handbook E11 Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to season. (Group 3A) 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege) at 0.059 to Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 lb 0.088 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for forage and 7 days for hay. REI 24 hr. ai of lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of chlorantraniliprole per acre Minimum of 5 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.12 per growing season. Refer to product labels for application limits lb ai of products containing lambda-cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai of if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing chlorantraniliprole-containing foliar products per acre per growing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. (Group 28 season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products and 3A) containing gamma-cyhalothrin and products containing lambda- ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI for cyhalothrin are to be used in the same season. (Group 28 and 3A) grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a, 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a. ♦♦ chlorpyrifos (numerous products) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI for REI 24 hr. Do not apply any chlorpyrifos products more than four grazing or cutting is 7 days at 0.25 lb ai/a or 14 days at 0.5 lb ai/a times per season or more than once per cutting. Do not reapply or 21 days for rates above 0.5 lb ai/a. REI 24 hr. Do not apply any within 10 days of the first application. Certain products can be chlorpyrifos products more than four times per season or more chemigated by sprinkler irrigation. Minor phytotoxicity possible than once per cutting. Do not reapply within 10 days of the first on new growth. (Group 1B) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. application. Certain products can be chemigated by sprinkler ♦♦ chlorpyrifos/gamma cyhalothrin (Cobalt) at 0.14 to 0.26 lb ai/a. irrigation. Minor phytotoxicity is possible on new growth. (Group PHI 14-21 days. REI 24 hr. Do not apply Cobalt nor any other 1B) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. product containing chlorpyrifos more than once per cutting nor more than 4 times per season. Refer to product labels for application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and Alfalfa hay—Slug products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same Pest description and crop damage Snails and slugs are nocturnal season. (Groups 1B and 3A) RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. and generally feed during the night damaging many varieties of ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.025 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for plants and plant seedlings. They inhabit damp, moist areas around grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not decaying refuse, organic matter, and hide at the base of growing exceed 0.088 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.35 lb ai/a total per season. plants. Their presence can be detected by the shiny trails left on (Group 3A) the soil surface. Damage is to new seedlings and primarily to hay ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day grown west of the Cascades. For additional information, see: http:// for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. Do not ohioline.osu.edu/ent-fact/pdf/ENT_20_14.pdf. http://ohioline.osu. exceed 0.015 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.06 lb ai/a per season. Refer to edu/ent-fact/pdf/0020.pdf product labels for application limits if products containing gamma- cyhalothrin and products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be Management—chemical control used in the same season. (Group 3A) ♦♦ metaldehyde baits (such as Deadline M-Ps mini pellets or Trail’s ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 End LG large granules)—PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Broadcast bait day for forage harvest or 7 days for hay harvest. REI 24 hr. For should be applied to the soil over hot spots in the field. Do not adult beetle suppression only. Apply only to pure stands. Do not apply to edible plant parts or allow contamination. Do not apply apply when bees are actively foraging. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a to dry soil. For best results, apply soon after rain or irrigation, per cutting or 0.12 lb ai/a per season. Refer to product labels for and apply in the evenings when slugs are most active. Rain and application limits if products containing gamma-cyhalothrin and irrigation water following application will deactivate baits. See products containing lambda-cyhalothrin are to be used in the same specific product label for rates. season. (Group 3A) See also: ♦♦ permethrin (numerous products) at 0.1 to 0.2 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days Slug Control at 0.1 lb ai/a or less, 14 days above 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 30 days. (Group 3A) Alfalfa hay—Western spotted cucumber ♦♦ phosmet (Imidan 70-W) at 0.7 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 5 days. Do not apply more than once per cutting. beetle Do not apply during bloom. Do not use latex- or pineolene-based Diabrotica undecimpunctata adjuvants. (Group 1B) Pest description and crop damage Adults are green to yellow with 12 black spots on wing covers. They feed on seedlings and retard growth or reduce stands. Occasionally require control on new stands west of the Cascades. Management—chemical control The following insecticides are hazardous to bees and should NOT be used if bees are foraging in the alfalfa. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.0125 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.044 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.175 lb ai/a total per season. (Group 3A) ♦♦ carbaryl (numerous products) at 1 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for grazing or cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than once per cutting. Carbaryl may burn or yellow hay under some conditions (wet foliage, high humidity). Latex-based formulations, such as Sevin XLR Plus, are less hazardous to bees. (Group 1A)

E12 PNW Insect Management Handbook ♦♦ flupyradifurone (Sivanto 200SL) at 0.091 to 0.137 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. Retreatment interval 10 days. Do not exceed 0.365 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.94 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 Clover Hay Pests days. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. REI 12 hr. Elizabeth Verhoeven ♦♦ pyrethrins/PBO (Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0) at 0.032 to 0.05 Latest revision—March 2021 lb pyrethrins/a. PHI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. OMRI listed for organic use. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days cutting and grazing; 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.15 lb ai per season. Retreatment Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the interval 7 days. pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before making any pesticide applications. Clover hay—Clover leaf weevil Hypera punctata Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pest description and crop damage This is the largest weevil Pesticides. found in legume fields. The full-grown larva is about 0.5 inch long and has a brown head. The body is green or yellowish green Important notice Several pesticides with 24c SLN (Special Local shading to pink at the tip of the abdomen, with a white or pinkish Need) registrations for use on seed crops lack legal tolerances line down the center of the back. Larvae feed on buds and leaves. established for pesticide residues that may be on the seed, screenings, or hay at harvest. Therefore, certain seed grower associations Management—biological control in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho have declared, through their During cool, moist spring weather, a fungal disease usually attacks respective state departments of agriculture, that the crop produced larvae, naturally controlling them. for seed in those states is a nonfood crop. This declaration means that none of the seed, screenings, hay, or sprouts produced from harvested Management—chemical control seed will be available for human or animal consumption when ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.94 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 these pesticides have been applied. The grower must notify the seed days. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. processing plant in writing of any seed treated with these pesticides. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than 2.5 lb ai per acre per calendar Processed seed must be labeled: “This seed was produced using year. one or more products for which the United States Environmental Protection Agency has not established pesticide residue tolerances. This seed, in whole, as sprouts, or in any form, may violate Clover hay—Clover root borer requirements of the Federal Food and Drug Administration, the Hylastinus obscurus Oregon Department of Agriculture and other regulatory agencies.” Pest description and crop damage Adults are bark beetles, 0.1 Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order of inch long and dark brown. They begin activity as early as March preference or superiority of pest control. and may disperse from March through August. Larvae are creamy white and burrow within the roots of red clover, causing extensive damage and reducing stand density and life. Clover hay—Aphid Management—chemical control Includes No insecticides, registered or otherwise, are effective for controlling Clover aphid (Nearctaphis bakeri) this pest. Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Pest description and crop damage Clover aphid can be serious on red clover in the PNW. The clover aphid is much smaller Clover hay—Clover root curculio than the pea aphid, is yellow, and builds up in spring from a few Sitona hispidulus overwintered aphids that are under stipules. Large numbers secrete Pest description and crop damage Adults are small grayish copious honeydew. They usually infest red, alsike, and Ladino weevils 0.2 inch long. Larvae feed on fibrous roots and chew clover. Winged forms disperse in May and June. cavities in main roots. This insect usually is at low levels on many Management—chemical control of the clovers but control usually is not necessary. ♦♦ acetamiprid (Assail 30SG, Assail 70WP) at 0.047 to 0.075 lb ai/a. Management—chemical control PHI 30-56 days, depending on product; check label. REI 12 hr. One application per season. Do not exceed 0.75 lb ai/a per year. No products are registered or recommended. ♦♦ azadirachtin (Neemix 4.5 IGR) at 0.015 to 0.021 lb ai/a. REI 4 hr. PHI 0 days. OMRI-listed for organic use. Clover hay—Cutworm and armyworm ♦♦ Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ESO, BoteGHA ES) at Bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) 0.25 to 1 quart in 5 to 100 gal water/acre. Adjust water volume Variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) to ensure good coverage but avoid runoff. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. Pest description and crop damage These larvae vary a lot in ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 2 to 3 lb product per color. By day, the larger larvae are in soil cracks or under duff or 100 gal/acre. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. leaves. They commonly feed at night. Small larvae are on foliage during the day and can be sampled with a sweep net. They cut off young plants and feed on the foliage of older plants.

PNW Insect Management Handbook E13 Management—chemical control ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.035 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days ♦♦ azadirachtin (Neemix 4.5 IGR) at 0.015 to 0.021 lb ai/a. REI 4 hr. cutting and grazing; 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more PHI 0 days. OMRI-listed for organic use. Armyworms and loopers than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.15 lb ai per season. Retreatment only. interval 7 days. ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Armyworms only. Add an appropriate spreader-sticker to enhance control. Most effective on small, actively feeding larvae. Clover hay—Lesser clover leaf weevil OMRI-listed for organic use. Hypera nigrirostris ♦♦ carbaryl (Carbaryl 4L, Sevin 4F) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days of Pest description and crop damage Green or brown weevils about harvest or grazing. Use only once per cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not 0.125 inch long. Larvae feed under the basal leaf sheath, tunnel in use carbaryl when clover is blooming or when bees are foraging the stem, and feed on florets in developing flowers. This is seldom a actively. pest. When it is in an area, it seems to prefer red and alsike clover. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen, Prevathon) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. Management—chemical control PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai or 4 applications per ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.94 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 season. days. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo) at 1 to 3 lb product per REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than 2.5 lb ai per acre per calendar 100 gal/acre. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. year. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. Retreatment interval 14 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Armyworm only. Clover hay—Looper ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.16 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days Includes alfalfa looper (Autographa californica) for hay; 0 days for forage; livestock can enter and graze on treated Pest description and crop damage The adult moth is grayish area immediately after application. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.5 lb to light brown. Front wings have a characteristic teardrop mark. ai/a per year. Do not make more than one application per cutting. Mature larvae are about 1 inch long, light green, with pale heads. ♦♦ pyrethrins (Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0) at 0.032 to 0.05 lb/a. They move in a looping fashion. PHI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. OMRI listed for organic use. Armyworm only. ♦♦ pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen EC) at 0.008 to 0.050 lb Management—chemical control ai/a. Do not make more than 10 applications per growing season. ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)—See product labels for rates. PHI 0 Do not re-apply within 3 days of last application. REI 12 hr. days. REI 4 hr. Add an appropriate spreader-sticker to enhance ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.062 lb ai/a PHI 0 days forage; control. Most effective on small, actively feeding larvae. OMRI- 3 days hay and fodder. REI 4 hr. Limit 6 treatments per year. Do listed for organic use. not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per season. Do not apply more than three ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. times in a 21-day period. Do not graze cattle until spray has dried. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai or 4 applications per season. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.16 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 for hay; 0 days for forage; livestock can enter and graze on treated days for cutting and grazing; 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not area immediately after application. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.5 lb apply more than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.125 lb ai per season. ai/a/yr. Do not make more than one application per cutting. Retreatment interval 7 days. ♦♦ pyrethrins (Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0) at 0.032 to 0.05 lb/a. PHI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. OMRI listed for organic use. ♦♦ pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen EC) at 0.008 to 0.050 lb Clover hay—Grasshopper ai/a. Do not make more than 10 applications per growing season. Includes several species, especially Melanoplus spp. Do not re-apply within 3 days of last application. REI 12 hr. Pest description and crop damage Both young and adult ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days grasshoppers damage by feeding on leaves. cutting and grazing 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.15 lb ai per season. Retreatment Management—chemical control interval 7 days. ♦♦ azadirachtin (Neemix 4.5 IGR) at 0.015 to 0.021 lb ai/a. REI 4 hr. PHI 0 days. OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ESO, BoteGHA ES) at Clover hay—Meadow spittlebug 0.25 to 1 quart in 5 to 100 gal water/acre. Adjust water volume Philaenus spumarius to ensure good coverage but avoid runoff. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Pest description and crop damage Nymphs are recognized easily OMRI-listed for organic use. by spittle mass. Moderate populations can stunt plants. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) at 0.026 to 0.065 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai or 4 applications per season. Management—chemical control ♦♦ malathion ULV (Fyfanon ULV) at 0.61 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.94 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 hr. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. days. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 1 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. REI ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days 12 hr. cutting and grazing; 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more ♦♦ pyrethrins (PyGanic Crop Protection EC 5.0) at 0.032 to 0.05 lb/a. than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.15 lb ai per season. Retreatment PHI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. OMRI listed for organic use. interval 7 days. ♦♦ pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen EC) at 0.008 to 0.050 lb ai/a. Do not make more than 10 applications per growing season. Do not re-apply within 3 days of last application. REI 12 hr.

E14 PNW Insect Management Handbook Clover hay—Pea leaf weevil Sitona lineata Pest description and crop damage Adults are small, grayish brown, faintly striped weevils about 0.2 inch long. They appear Pasture and Grass Hay Pests in large numbers in spring and sometimes in late summer. Adult feeding may kill seedling plants and seriously defoliate older Elizabeth Verhoeven stands. These insects migrate into fields from border areas. Latest revision—March 2021 Management—chemical control Currently no materials are registered to control this pest. However, In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW carbaryl (Sevin 80WSP) or Mustang MAX applied to control other Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the weevils will also control this pest. pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before making any pesticide applications. Clover hay—Slug Pest description and crop damage Primarily a western Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Oregon and Washington problem. Damage is most critical when Pesticides. establishing a seedling stand. Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order of Management—chemical control preference or superiority of pest control. ♦♦ iron phosphate (Sluggo Maxx) at 0.12 to 0.45 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. ♦♦ iron phosphate/spinosad (Bug-N-Sluggo) at 0.1 to 0.45 lb ai/a. PHI hay or fodder 3 days; forage 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed Pasture and grass hay—Armyworm and 3 applications in 21 days. OMRI-listed for organic use. cutworm ♦♦ metaldehyde bait at 0.4 to 1.6 lb ai/a (Deadline, Durham). Many species, including See also: Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) Slug Control Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxillaris) Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) Glassy cutworm (Apamea devastator) Clover hay—Webworm [No common name] (Protagrotis obscura) Includes beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis) Pest description and crop damage Larvae are 1 to 2 inches long at maturity. All, except glassy cutworm and Protagrotis obscura Pest description and crop damage Caterpillars vary from light to usually feed above ground on foliage after dark or during conditions dark with three white longitudinal stripes and many black and white of low light intensity. Larvae cause most damage to new seedlings, tubercles. particularly if the previous crop was heavily infested and the larvae Management—chemical control were not controlled. ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days of harvest or Management—chemical control grazing. Use only once per cutting. REI 12 hr. Do not use carbaryl when clover is blooming or when bees are foraging actively. ♦♦ azadirachtin/pyrethrins (Azera) at 0.013 lb azadirachtin/0.014 lb Carbaryl may burn foliage under wet or hot conditions. pyrethrins –to– 0.044 lb azadirachtin/0.048 lb pyrethrins. Do not make more than 10 applications per season. Do not apply within ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.16 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days 3 days unless extreme pressure, minimum 24 hr re-application for hay; 0 days for forage; livestock can enter and graze on treated window. REI 12 hr. area immediately after application. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.5 lb. ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Xentari, Dipel) at 0.5 to 2 lb ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days product/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Armyworms only. Most effective cutting and grazing; 7 days for seed. REI 12 hr. Do not apply more on small caterpillars, but use highest recommended rate for fully than 0.05 lb ai per cutting or 0.15 lb ai per season. Retreatment developed ones. Multiple applications may be necessary for interval 7 days. effective control. A spreader sticker may improve performance. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. Clover hay—Western spotted cucumber ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.013 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb ai/a per beetle season. Retreatment interval 5 days. Diabrotica undecimpunctata ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade WSB) at 0.033 to 0.1 lb ai/a. PHI 30 days for Pest description and crop damage Yellowish green, black-spotted forage and hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not beetle, common in western Oregon and Washington. Adults feed on exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. seedlings and can kill plants and reduce stands. ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments per year. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not Management—chemical control exceed 3 lb ai/a per year. Armyworms only. ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 1 lb ai/a. One application per cutting. PHI 7 ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 5 Bait) at 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for harvest or days of harvest or grazing. Limit 1 treatment per cutting. REI 12 grazing. Limit 2 treatments per year. REI 12 hr. Retreatment hr. interval 14 days. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications per season.

PNW Insect Management Handbook E15 ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- at 0.49 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.025 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI ♦♦ lambda cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.176 lb ai/a per days for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. season. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L) at 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for cutting. ♦♦ zeta cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days REI 12 hr. Must be applied at first sign of hatch and before larvae graze and hay; 7 days straw. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a reach 0.25 inch. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a (0.5 oz ai/a) per cutting per season. or 0.09 lb ai/a (1.5 oz ai/a) per year. ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.0075 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried Pasture and grass hay—Cereal leaf beetle and harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. Oulema melanopus ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 Pest description and crop damage Adults are 0.25 inch long with days for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. a brightly colored, orange-red thorax, yellow legs, and metallic-blue Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. head and elytra (forewings). This is a quarantine pest, and although ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 1.25 ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 damage is seldom seen in pasture grasses, California has strict hr. Armyworms only. Limit 2 treatments. Treatment interval 14 days. import laws governing interstate movement of pasture hay from ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.12 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days counties in other states known to be infested with CLB. Only grass for grazing, forage; 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not apply more than hay from cereal leaf beetle-free PNW counties or fumigated hay 0.5 lb ai/a per year. Armyworms. from infested counties is allowed into California. ♦♦ sodium borate (Prev-Am Ultra) at 50 fl oz/100 gal. PHI 1 day. REI Management—chemical control 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.013 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 ♦♦ pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen EC) at 0.008 to 0.050 lb days for grazing or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb ai/a per ai/a. Do not make more than 10 applications per growing season. season. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not re-apply within 3 days of last application. REI 12 hr. ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade WSB) at 0.05 to 0.1 lb ai/a. PHI 30 days for ♦♦ pyrethrins (PyGanic EC 5.0) at 0.14 to 0.50 lb ai/a. Do not make forage and hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not more than 10 applications per season. Do not apply within 3 days exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. unless extreme pressure, minimum 24 hr re-application window. ♦♦ carbaryl at 1 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed two REI 12 hr. applications. Retreatment interval 14 days. This pest does not ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.062 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days hay or occur on the carbaryl labels but when this general use insecticide is fodder; 0 days pasture/forage. REI 4 hr. Armyworms only. Do not applied to control other pests when CLB is present, control is good. apply more than 3 times in any 21 day period or more than 6 times/ ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) season. Hazardous to honeybees for up to 3 hours post application. at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 Limit 0.186 lb ai/a per season. OMRI-listed for organic use. days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- graze and hay; 7 days straw and screenings. REI 12 hr. Do not cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. Retreatment interval 7 days. ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and Pasture and grass hay—Black grass bug harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. Labops hesperius and other Labops spp. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 Irbisia pacificaand other Irbisia spp. days for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. Pest description and crop damage Insect is grayish black with ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI silvery scales, about 0.25 inch long, and somewhat pear-shaped. 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments. Treatment interval 14 days. Adults have prominent compound eyes and can have shortened or absent wings. Black grass bugs will feed on a variety of range ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days grasses (e.g., wheatgrass, brome grass, orchardgrass, bluegrass) graze and hay; 7 days straw. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. and field crops (e.g., barley, wheat, rye, oats). Great Basin wildrye and wheatgrasses are preferred if available, especially blue bunch wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass. Pasture and grass hay—Clover and winter Feeding causes pale spots on the leaves of cereals and, when severe, a general yellowish, stippled appearance. grain mite Clover mite (Bryobia praetiosa) Management—chemical control Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major) ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade) at 0.1 ai/a. PHI 30 days for forage and grass. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/a per year. REI 12 hr. Pest description and crop damage Clover mite is light brown; winter grain mite is blue with red legs. These cool-season mites ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 0.5 to 1 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. REI 12 hr. have caused serious damage in central Oregon pastures since 1999. Limit two treatments per year. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not exceed 3 lb ai/a per year. (See various labels under “Rangeland”). Populations build in October; most damage to grass pastures is from late February through May. Grass pastures do not green up in the ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) spring. Large populations have killed orchardgrass pastures. at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment

E16 PNW Insect Management Handbook Management—chemical control Pasture and grass hay—Grasshopper Effective insecticides that control clover mite have not been Many species, including identified. The two synthetic pyrethroids listed below are not Clearwinged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) labeled for winter grain mite control, but research in OR has shown Lesser migratory grasshopper (Melanopus sanguinipes) them to be effective on this particular pest when used at mid-range Redlegged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum) label rates for other pests. These are recommended in Washington Twostriped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus) and Oregon only. Pest description and crop damage Both nymphs and adults can ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.013 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 damage plants by feeding on the foliage, stems and heads. May days for grazing or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb ai/a per attack any cereal crop. season Retreatment interval 5 days. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.015 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 Management—chemical and biological control days for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.02 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. for grazing or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb ai/a per Minimum re-treatment window is 30 days. For suppression only. season. Retreatment interval 5 days. ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade WSB) at 0.05 to 0.1 lb ai/a. PHI 30 days for forage and hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not Pasture and grass hay—European crane fly exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. Tipula paludosa ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 Pest description and crop damage Larvae are gray grubs that treatments per year. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not exceed 3 feed underground, on roots and crowns, from October through May. lb ai/a per year. Older larvae may feed above ground on stems and leaves during ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 5 Bait) at 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 7 days for harvest or the night. Large numbers can thin stands in old pastures and kill grazing. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. seedlings in new stands. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 2ee label) at 0.026 to 0.052 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 2 sequential Management—chemical control applications per season. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL, Warrior and Mustang) has given ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) effective control of these pests when applied to control other at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 labeled pests that occur at the same timing as for these products. days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment Research in Oregon has shown it to be effective on this particular interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- pest when used at higher-range label rates for other pests. Oregon cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. and Washington only. ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.04 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 0 day. REI 12 ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.176 lb ai/a per at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 season. days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- ♦♦ diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L, 25W) at 0.015 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. 1 day for cutting. REI 12 hr. Apply when the majority are in the 2nd through 4th instar. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a (0.5 oz ai/a) per ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a (1.5 oz ai/a) per year. for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.45 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ malathion (Fyfanon ULV) at 0.48 to 0.62 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. 12 hr. Adults only. Limit 1 treatment per cutting. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Pasture and grass hay—Fly ♦♦ malathion (Fyfanon ULV) at 0.62 to 0.92 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. Face fly (Musca autumnalis) REI 12 hr. Apply by air when hatch is complete. Do not apply if Horn fly (Haematobia irritans) rain is imminent. Most effective when air is above 70°F. Limit 1 treatment per cutting. Pest description and damage Flies annoy livestock and compromise weight gain. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days graze and hay; 7 days straw. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 Management—chemical control days. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. ♦♦ diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L, 25W) at 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 1 day for cutting. REI 12 hr. Apply Dimilin to control fly emergence from cattle manure. Do not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a (0.5 oz ai/a) per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a (1.5 oz ai/a) per year. ♦♦ malathion (Fyfanon ULV) at 0.48 to 0.62 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 1 treatment per cutting. ♦♦ permethrin (Pursuit 4-4 ULV) —Consult label for ground or aerial ULV application. See also: Fly Control Beef Cattle Pests

PNW Insect Management Handbook E17 Pasture and grass hay—Grass scale ♦♦ prallethrin/phenothrin (Duet Dual-Action Adulticide)—Consult label for ground or aerial ULV application. (mealybug) ♦♦ s-methoprene (Altosid SBG II)—Consult label for species Eriococcus insignis controlled. Apply at 2nd to 4th larval instars. Irrigated pastures Pest description and crop damage On timothy hay or timothy– may be treated after each flooding without the removal of grazing alfalfa mixed-stand hay crops only. This scale weakens stands. livestock. It can be a serious pest in western regions where it has become established. A serious pest in all of western Washington. Pasture and grass hay—Spider mite Management—chemical control Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis) ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade WSB) at 0.05 to 0.1 lb ai/a. PHI 30 days for Tetranychus spp. forage and hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not Pest description and crop damage On timothy hay or timothy– exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. alfalfa mixed-stand hay crops only. Spider mites silver and stunt ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) hay crop. Can reduce yield of timothy hay crop. at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment Management—chemical control interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. Suppression only. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.04 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. Do 12 hr. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.176 lb ai/a per not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. season. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days graze and hay; 7 days straw. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and days. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. Suppression only. ♦♦ hexythiazox (Ruger EC) at 0.078 to 0.186 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. Pasture and grass hay—Harvester ant REI 12 hr. Limit 1 treatment per year. Timothy only. Pogonomyrmex spp. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.9375 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 Pest description and crop damage Large reddish ants found east days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Treatment interval 14 days. Do not treat clover in bloom. of the Cascades. They build soil and pebble mounds and destroy vegetation around the mounds. May sting viciously when disturbed. Management—chemical control Pasture and grass hay—Thrips Frankliniella spp. and other species No effective insecticides currently are registered for ant control in pastures in the Pacific Northwest. Pest description and crop damage On timothy hay or timothy– alfalfa mixed-stand hay crops only. Thrips scar and silver timothy and can reduce hay crop yield. Pasture and grass hay—Mosquito Management—chemical control Management—chemical control ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.02 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (VectoBac WDG)—PHI 0 for grazing or hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb ai/a per days. See label for rates. Bt products are used to control mosquito season. Retreatment interval 5 days. larvae in ponds, pools, catch basins, etc., and do not kill adults. ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 4F) at 1 to 1.5 lb ai/a. PHI 14 days. Limit 2 Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. treatments per year. Retreatment interval 14 days. Do not exceed 3 ♦♦ Bacillus sphaericus (VectoLex WDG) at 0.5 to 1.5 lb product/a. lb ai/a per year. REI 12 hr. Reapply as needed after 1 to 4 weeks. OMRI-listed for organic ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole/lambda-cyhalothrin (Besiege, Voliam Xpress) use. at 0.59 to 0.98 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or cut for forage; 7 ♦♦ carbaryl (Drexel Carbaryl 4L) at 0.25 to 1 lb ai/a. For adult days for cut grass to be dried and harvested for hay. Retreatment control. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. interval 7 days. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.09 lb ai/a lambda- ♦♦ deltamethrin (DeltaGard) at 0.00134 lb ai/a. Do not exceed cyhalothrin or 0.2 lb ai/a chlorantraniliprole. 0.0134 lb ai/a per year. ♦♦ cyfluthrin (Tombstone) at 0.041 to 0.044 lb ai/a. PHI 0 day. PHI ♦♦ etofenprox (Zenivex E20) at 0.00175 to 0.007 lb ai/a. Do not 7 days in stands where grass is mixed with alfalfa. REI 12 hr. exceed 0.18 lb ai/a per year. Retreatment interval 5 days. Do not exceed 0.176 lb ai/a per ♦♦ malathion ULV (Fyfanon ULV Mosquito) at 0.2 to 0.23 lb ai/a. season. For adult control. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 1 treatment per ♦♦ gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days cutting. for grazing or cut for forage; 7 days for cut grass to be dried and ♦♦ naled (Dibrom 8E) at 0.1 lb ai/a. REI 48 hr. Retreatment interval harvested. REI 24 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. 10 days where lactating dairy animals are being held. Adult ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days mosquitoes. for grazing and forage; 7 days to be dried for hay. REI 24 hr. Do ♦♦ permethrin (Pursuit 4-4 ULV)—Consult label for ground or aerial not exceed 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting or 0.09 lb ai/a per season. ULV application.

E18 PNW Insect Management Handbook Rangeland—Black grass bug Labops hesperius and other Labops spp. Pest description and crop damage Insect is grayish black with Rangeland Pests silvery scales, about 0.25 inch long, and somewhat pear-shaped. Adults have prominent compound eyes and can have shortened Sergio Arispe or absent wings. Black grass bugs will feed on a variety of range Latest revision—March 2021 grasses (e.g., wheatgrass, brome grass, orchardgrass, bluegrass) and field crops (e.g., barley, wheat, rye, oats). Great Basin wild rye and wheatgrasses are preferred if available, especially blue bunch In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass. Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the Feeding causes pale spots and, when severe, a general yellowish pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before stipple on cereal leaves. making any pesticide applications. Management—chemical control ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade 2EC) at 0.1 lb ai/a. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a per season. Retreatment interval: 30 days. REI 12 hr. Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from ♦♦ carbaryl (Carbaryl 4L) at 0.5 to 1 quart ai/a. PHI 0 days. Do not Pesticides. make more than 1 application per year. REI 12 hr. Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order of ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II with Zeon Technology, Lambda- preference or superiority of pest control. Cy) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or forage harvest, 7 days if cut for hay. REI 24 hr. Max 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting, 0.09 lb ai/a per season. Do not re-apply sooner than 30 Rangeland—Armyworm and cutworm days after last application if a hay crop is not taken. Many species, including ♦♦ malathion (Malathion ULV) at 8 to 12 oz product/a. PHI 0 days. Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxillaris) REI 12 hr. Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) Glassy cutworm (Apamea devastator) Rangeland—Grasshopper Many species, including: Pest description and crop damage Larvae are 1 to 2 inches long Clearwinged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) at maturity. All, except glassy cutworm and Protagrotis obscura Lesser migratory grasshopper (Melanopus sanguinipes) usually feed above ground on foliage after dark or during conditions Redlegged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum) of low light intensity. Twostriped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus) Management—organic control Pest description and crop damage More than 400 grasshopper ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (many commercial products, e.g., species live in the western states, but only 10 to 12 typically Dipel) at 0.5 to 2 lb product/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Armyworms cause economic damage. Eggs may be deposited in pastures, field only. Most effective on small caterpillars, but use highest margins, undisturbed areas, or in field stubble, and densities may recommended rate for fully developed ones. Multiple applications exceed 1,000/sq ft. Immature and adult insects feed in rangeland, may be necessary for effective control. A spreader sticker may pastures, and crop fields. Damage is severe during outbreaks, with improve performance. the potential for migratory swarms that may invade nearby crops. ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust) at 0.63 to 1.25 oz/a. PHI 0 days for forage; 3 days for hay or fodder. Do not apply more than 3.75 oz of Entrust Management—biological control (0.186 lb ai spinosad) per acre per season or make more than 6 ♦♦ Nosema locustae (NOLO Bait Biological Insecticide)—Apply applications per year or 3 applications within 21 days. Follow early in the season, as the over-wintering grasshoppers emerge. resistance management guidelines. Armyworms only. OMRI-listed Two to three weeks may be required for initial effect. Broadcast for organic use. 1 to 2 lb/acre around the entire infested area, as well as outlying areas such as drying grasses and fields. Heavy infestations may Management—chemical control require repeated applications. OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.013 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or 7 days for hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 Management—chemical control lb ai/a per season. Armyworms only. University of Wyoming website highlighting Ground-Applied ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade 2EC) at 0.1 lb ai/a. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a Reduced Agent Area Treatment (RAAT) Strategies may help in per season. Retreatment interval: 30 days. REI 12 hr. developing a strategy for grasshopper control. URL http://www. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. REI uwyo.edu/entomology/grasshoppers/atvraats.htm or contact 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications per season. Alexandre Latchininsky at 307-766-2298. Armyworms only. ♦♦ beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL) at 0.02 to 0.022 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days ♦♦ gamma-cyfluthrin (Declare) at 0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for for grazing or 7 days for hay. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.089 lb grazing. REI 12 hr. Do not exceed 0.045 lb ai/a per season. ai/a per cutting. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II with Zeon Technology) at 0.015 ♦♦ bifenthrin (Brigade 2EC) at 0.1 lb ai/a. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing and forage; 7 days for hay. per season. Retreatment interval: 30 days. REI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. ♦♦ carbaryl (Carbaryl 4L) at 0.5 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. Reduced Agent ♦♦ malathion at 1.25 to 1.4 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. and Area Treatment (RAAT) is required. Do not exceed 1 lb ai/a ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Maxx) at 0.014 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI per crop. REI 12 hr. 0 days graze and hay; 7 days straw. REI 12 hr. ♦♦ lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior with Zeon Technolgy, Lambda-Cy) at 0.02 to 0.03 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for grazing or forage harvest, 7

PNW Insect Management Handbook E19 days if cut for hay. REI 24 hr. Max 0.03 lb ai/a per cutting, 0.09 lb ai/a per season. Do not re-apply sooner than 30 days after last application if a hay crop is not taken. ♦♦ malathion ULV at 0.62 lb to 0.9 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Apply by air when hatch is complete. Do not apply if rain is Vetch Hay Pests imminent. Most effective when air is above 70°F. Elizabeth Verhoeven ♦♦ malathion (Malathion 8 EC) at 1 to 1.25 pints ai/a. PHI 1 day. REI 12 hr. Latest revision—March 2021 ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Max) at 0.0175 to 0.025 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days forage or graze. 7 days for straw. Max 0.025 lb ai/a per cutting. Retreatment interval 7 days for forage or graze, 17 days In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW for straw. Do not apply more than 0.01 lb ai/a per season for hay Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the crops, nor more than 0.0125 lb ai/a per season for forage or straw. pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before making any pesticide applications. Rangeland—Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pest description and crop damage Flightless, heavy katydids that Pesticides. feed on many range plants as well as on small grains and alfalfa. Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order of They migrate from pastures into crop fields during outbreak years. preference or superiority of pest control. Management—biological control ♦♦ Nosema locustae (NOLO Bait Biological Insecticide)—Apply early in the season, as the over-wintering grasshoppers emerge. Vetch hay—Armyworm and cutworm Two to three weeks may be required for initial effect. Broadcast Many species 1 to 2 lb/acre around the entire infested area, as well as outlying Pest description and crop damage Caterpillars vary in color areas such as drying grasses and fields. Heavy infestations may when full grown: 1 to 2 inches long. They feed on foliage of older require repeated applications. plants or cut off young plants at ground level. Larvae of both Management—chemical control commonly feed on plants at night, hiding in or on the soil surface ♦♦ carbaryl (Carbaryl 4L) at 0.5 quart ai/a. PHI 0 days. Reduced under leaf litter by day. Agent and Area Treatment (RAAT) is required. Do not exceed 1 Management—chemical control quart ai/a per year. REI 12 hr. ♦♦ azadirachtin (Neemix 4.5 IGR) at 4 to 10 fl oz product per acre. ♦♦ carbaryl (Sevin 5 Bait) at 20 lb per acre with no more than one Consult label. OMRI-listed for organic use. application per year—ground application only. ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (Biobit HP) at 0.5 to 1.5 lb/a. PHI 0 days. Armyworms only. Add an appropriate spreader-sticker to enhance control. Most effective on small, actively feeding larvae. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ Beauveria bassiana GHA (Botanigard Maxx) at 0.5 to 2 qt/100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. ♦♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo WDG) at 0.3 to 0.9 lb ai/a per 100 gal. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) at 0.045 to 0.098 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.2 lb ai/a or 4 applications per season. Make one application per cutting. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.625 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Armyworms only. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Retreatment interval 14 days. ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.16 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days graze, 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.5 lbs ai/a/yr. Limit one treatment per cutting. ♦♦ pyrethrins (Pyganic Crop Protection EC 5.0) at 0.032 to 0.05 lb/a. PHI 12 hr. REI 12 hr. OMRI listed for organic use. ♦♦ pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen EC) at 0.008 to 0.05 lb ai/a. Do not make more than 10 applications per growing season. Do not re-apply within 3 days of last application. REI 12 hr. ♦♦ spinosad (Entrust SC) at 0.031 to 0.062 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days for forage; 3 days for hay or fodder. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.186 lb ai/a per season. Do not graze cattle until spray has dried. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ Spodoptera frugiperda (Fawligen) at 1 to 1.6 fl oz product per acre. Refer to label. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, 7 days hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval

E20 PNW Insect Management Handbook 7 days. Do not exceed 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting nor 0.15 lb ai/a/ season.

Vetch hay—Omnivorous leaftier Cnephasia longana Pest description and crop damage Yellow spindle-shaped larvae with brown heads and light stripes on each side of the back. They web and feed within terminal leaves. Management—chemical control ♦♦ Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin WG) at 0.5 to 1.5 lb/a. PHI 0 days. REI 4 hr. Addition of a spreader sticker may improve performance. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.625 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. Retreatment interval 14 days. REI 12 hr. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. ♦♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F) at 0.06 to 0.16 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days graze, 7 days hay. REI 4 hr. Do not exceed 0.5 lbs ai/a/yr. Limit 1 treatment per cutting. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, 7 days hay. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not exceed 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting nor 0.15 lb ai/a/ season.

Vetch hay—Pea leaf weevil Sitona lineata Pest description and crop damage This is the common, large light-green aphid found on most legumes. Large populations weaken plants, secrete honeydew, and can reduce hay yield. Management—chemical control ♦♦ malathion (Drexel Malathion 5EC) at 0.625 to 1.25 lb ai/a. PHI 0 days. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 14 days. Limit 2 treatments per cutting. Malathion is more effective at 65°F or above. If bees are in the field, apply malathion in late evening, after bees have returned to hives. ♦♦ zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) at 0.028 to 0.05 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for cutting or grazing, 7 days seed. REI 12 hr. Retreatment interval 7 days. Do not exceed 0.05 lb ai/a per cutting nor 0.15 lb ai/a/ season.

Vetch hay—Slug Pest description and crop damage Primarily a pest in western Oregon and Washington. Damage is most critical when establishing a seedling stand. Management—chemical control ♦♦ iron phosphate/spinosad (Bug-N-Sluggo) at 0.1 to 0.45 lb ai/a. PHI 3 days for hay and fodder. Do not exceed 3 treatments in 21 days. OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦♦ metaldehyde bait (Deadline) at 0.4 to 1.6 lb ai/a. REI 12 hr. See also: Slug Control

PNW Insect Management Handbook E21