DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Eleven Plant Species As Potential Banker Plants to Support Predatory Orius Sauteri in Tea Plant Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Eleven Plant Species As Potential Banker Plants to Support Predatory Orius Sauteri in Tea Plant Systems insects Article Evaluation of Eleven Plant Species as Potential Banker Plants to Support Predatory Orius sauteri in Tea Plant Systems Ruifang Zhang, Dezhong Ji, Qiuqiu Zhang and Linhong Jin * State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China; [email protected] (R.Z.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (Q.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +186-8517-4719 Simple Summary: The tea plant is an economically significant beverage crop globally, especially in China. However, tea green leafhoppers and thrips are key pests in Asian tea production systems, causing serious damage to its yield and quality. With growing concerns about pesticide residues on tea and their adverse effects on natural enemies of tea pests, biological pest control is gaining more importance in tea plantations. Orius sauteri is a polyphagous predator used as a biological control agent. Here, we reported 11 plants as banker plants to support the predatory Orius sauteri in tea plant systems. Among them, white clover, red bean, mung bean, peanut, soybean, kidney bean, bush vetch, smooth vetch, and common vetch were found suitable; red bean performed relatively better than the others. Abstract: Tea green leafhoppers and thrips are key pests in tea plantations and have widely invaded those of Asian origin. Pesticides are currently a favorable control method but not desirable for frequent use on tea plants. To meet Integrated Pest Management (IPM) demand, biological control Citation: Zhang, R.; Ji, D.; Zhang, Q.; with a natural enemy is viewed as the most promising way. Orius sauteri are slated to be a natural Jin, L. Evaluation of Eleven Plant enemy to tea pests. However, more knowledge of rearing O. sauteri and selecting banker plant systems Species as Potential Banker Plants to is strongly needed. The reproductive biology evaluation of the egg oviposition and population life Support Predatory Orius sauteri in Tea parameters of O. sauteri under laboratory conditions were examined, and the supporting ability of Plant Systems. Insects 2021, 12, 162. 11 plant species—motherwort, white clover, red bean, mung bean, peanut, soybean, kidney bean, https://doi.org/10.3390/ herba violae, bush vetch, smooth vetch, and common vetch—in a greenhouse was assessed. Most of insects12020162 the selected plants, except for herba violae, performed relatively well with high oviposition quantity and survival. The mean fecundity per female on red bean and motherwort was 148.75 eggs and Academic Editor: Rosemary Collier 148.25 eggs, respectively, and 90.20 eggs for tea plants (the smallest); there also were significant Received: 21 January 2021 differences. In an experiment to determine the life parameters of O. sauteri, all the tested plants, Accepted: 9 February 2021 except herba violae, were found to be able to complete the growth and development of the life Published: 14 February 2021 cycle; there also were significant differences. The intrinsic rate of increase of motherwort and red bean was 1.18 and 1.17, respectively, and higher compared to that of the other plants, including tea Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral plants (1.13). This result of the O. sauteri population development index was also confirmed in a with regard to jurisdictional claims in greenhouse with the number of motherwort and red beans being as high as 113.33 and 112.67. Since published maps and institutional affil- motherwort was found to be susceptible to aphids and powdery mildew in each trial, it cannot be iations. used for intercropping in tea gardens. Among the 11 plants, red bean was found to be the most suitable to support O. sauteri in tea plantations. Keywords: Orius sauteri; plant-based support system; host plant; tea plant; biological control Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and 1. Introduction conditions of the Creative Commons The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is an economically significant beverage Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// crop globally with 5.95 million tons of total tea consumption and around 2.9 million creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ hectares of area harvested [1]. Tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca vitis Gothe) and thrips 4.0/). Insects 2021, 12, 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020162 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/insects Insects 2021, 12, 162 2 of 10 (Dendrothrips minowai Priesner) are key pests in Asian tea production systems, including in China [2]. At present, the control of these tea pests is highly dependent on the frequent applications of broad-spectrum insecticides. However, there is a growing concern about pesticide residues in tea, their inconsistent effects on pest populations, and adverse effects on natural enemies of tea pests [3]. At the same time, there is a growing need for sustainable pest management practices and it is necessary to adopt tea pest management practices with a markedly reduced reliance on pesticides [4]; for example, natural enemy-mediated indirect interactions among prey species, the potential for enhancing biocontrol services in agroecosystems [5]. As a result, biological pest control is gaining more importance in tea plantations and selecting a strong breed or utilizing natural enemies can be helpful. A possible solution for natural enemies is a plant-based support system (banker plant systems) as part of “ecological engineering” [3,4]. This includes nectar plants, habitat plants, trapping plants, indicator plants, shelter plants, etc. [6,7]. Plant-based support systems (banker plant systems) involve the promotion of plant diversity and support the survival and reproduction of natural enemies by providing food, covers for overwintering, and breeding for natural enemies to reduce susceptibility of agricultural crops to native and invasive pests, thus reducing the use of pesticides and environmental pollution [8]. In 1977, Stacey was the first to use plants as a habitat for Encarsia formosa and suc- cessfully prevented the whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) from damaging greenhouse tomatoes [9]. Since then, creating plant-based support systems that protect natural enemies to achieve long-term effective pest control has become a hot topic in biological control research [10,11]. Waite [12] reported that purple flesh pepper was the most suitable “bank plant” for Orius insidiosus to enhance its biocontrol of western flower thrips in greenhouse crops. Zhao [13] used Calendula officinalis to expand the population of Orius sauteri in green- houses and improve its control effect on aphids and thrips. Plant resource is a major factor in changing the living environment of predators in the field by adjusting the development of natural enemies, the survival rate of nymphs, and the reproduction rate of adults [7–10]. Hence, the selectivity of natural enemies for specific host plants plays an important role in biological control [14,15]. Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is a polyphagous predator used as a natural enemy [16–20]. For example, O. sauteri possesses a biological control effect on pest insects in pea pushes [17]; it also has been registered as a biocontrol agent and evaluated with respect to prey selection, reproduction, and predation capability on thrips in eggplant [19]. O. sauteri often lays eggs in the petioles, vein tissues, and tender stems of inhabiting plants [21,22]. The life cycle of an O. sauteri involves the laying of an egg, the development through nymph of 5 instars, followed by the emergence of a winged adult [21,22]. The eggs are short eggplant-shaped, white, and the egg cover is white and exposed. The nymph in 1st instar-5th instar stage is around 0.54 mm-1.88 mm long. At the end of development, the male larva is basically formed and the female’s oviposition tube begins to differentiate [21,22]. In order to improve the biological control ability of O. sauteri against pest thrips and green tea leafhoppers in tea plantations, a plant-based support system is expected to be established. The selection of plants suitable for development of O. sauteri populations is fundamental work. In this study, we evaluated the supporting ability of the selected plants, with respect to oviposition or reproductive ability of O. sauteri adults, population life parameters, O. sauteri’s development from first instar to adult stage, and population growth on different plants beside tea plants as a banker plant. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Plants The species and sources of plants involved in this experiment are shown in Table1 . All type of plants in the trials were developed from commercially available seeds with no chemical pretreatment. The seeds were hand sown into seedling trays (48 cm × 15 cm × 8 cm) containing general seedling-raising substrate (pH = 5.5–7.0, organic matter ≥ 20%) in a climate- controlled room (25 ± 1 ◦C, 70 ± 5% of relative humidity (RH), 16h:8h light (L)/dark (D) Insects 2021, 12, 162 3 of 10 at Guizhou University. One month later, seedlings 3-4 cm high were transplanted to plastic pots (diameter 8 cm, height 10 cm). All the plants were manually watered with an N P K fertilizer (20%–20%–20%, N–P–K in mass concentration) solution once a day. Two-year-old tea plants transplanted from the Guizhou tea plantation were cultivated in a climate-controlled room to be used. Table 1. Plant species and source access. No. Common Name Latin Name/Family Source * 1 Motherwort Leonurus artemisia (Lour.) S. Y. Hu/Labiatae Blue Sky Seed Industry 2 White clover Trifolium repens./Leguminosae Blue Sky Seed Industry 3 Bush vetch Vicia villosa Roth./Leguminosae Blue Sky Seed Industry 4 Common vetch Vicia sativa L./Leguminosae Blue Sky Seed Industry 5 Smooth vetch Vicia glabrescens Koch./Leguminosae Blue Sky Seed Industry 6 Herba violae Viola philippica./Violaceae Blue Sky Seed Industry 7 Soybean Glycine javanica L./Leguminosae Guizhou Dasheng Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tubulinosema Loxostegi Sp. N. (Microsporidia: Tubulinosematidae) from the Beet Webworm Loxostege Sticticalis L
    Acta Protozool. (2013) 52: 299–308 http://www.eko.uj.edu.pl/ap ACTA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.13.027.1319 PROTOZOOLOGICA Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. (Microsporidia: Tubulinosematidae) from the Beet Webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Western Siberia Julia M. MALYSH1, Yuri S. TOKAREV1, Natalia V. SITNICOVA2, Vyacheslav V. MARTEMYA- NOV3, Andrei N. FROLOV1 and Irma V. ISSI1 1 All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia; 2 Institute of Zoology, Chisinau, Moldova; 3 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia Abstract. Adults of beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis were collected in Western Siberia in 2009 and 2010. A microsporidium was found infecting 12 of 50 moths in 2010. The parasite develops in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm, sporogony is presumably disporoblastic. The spores are ovoid, diplokaryotic, 4.2 × 2.4 µm in size (fresh), without a sporophorous vesicle. Electron microscopy showed: (a) tubules on the surface of sporoblasts and immature spores; (b) slightly anisofilar polar tube with 10–14 coils, last 2–3 coils of lesser electron density; (c) bipartite polaroplast with anterior and posterior parts composed of thin and thick lamellae, respectively; (d) an indentation in the region of the anchoring disc; (e) an additional layer of electron-dense amorphous matter on the exospore surface. The spore ultrastructure is char- acteristic of the genus Tubulinosema. Sequencing of small subunit and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes showed 98–99.6% similarity of this parasite to the Tubulinosema species available on Genbank. A new species Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. is established. Key words: Beet webworm, microsporidia, taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics, Tubulinosema.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of the Moth Fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a Wetland Forest: a Case Study from Motovun Forest, Istria, Croatia
    PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 117, No 3, 399–414, 2015 CODEN PDBIAD DOI: 10.18054/pb.2015.117.3.2945 ISSN 0031-5362 original research article Diversity of the moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a wetland forest: A case study from Motovun forest, Istria, Croatia Abstract TONI KOREN1 KAJA VUKOTIĆ2 Background and Purpose: The Motovun forest located in the Mirna MITJA ČRNE3 river valley, central Istria, Croatia is one of the last lowland floodplain 1 Croatian Herpetological Society – Hyla, forests remaining in the Mediterranean area. Lipovac I. n. 7, 10000 Zagreb Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2014 lepidopterological 2 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, research was carried out on 14 sampling sites in the area of Motovun forest. Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia The moth fauna was surveyed using standard light traps tents. 3 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, Results and Conclusions: Altogether 403 moth species were recorded Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia in the area, of which 65 can be considered at least partially hygrophilous. These results list the Motovun forest as one of the best surveyed regions in Correspondence: Toni Koren Croatia in respect of the moth fauna. The current study is the first of its kind [email protected] for the area and an important contribution to the knowledge of moth fauna of the Istria region, and also for Croatia in general. Key words: floodplain forest, wetland moth species INTRODUCTION uring the past 150 years, over 300 papers concerning the moths Dand butterflies of Croatia have been published (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Chitin-Binding Protein from the Beet Webworm, Loxostege Sticticalis L
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 19147-19161; doi:10.3390/ijms151019147 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Chitin-Binding Protein from the Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L. Jiao Yin 1, Shuang Yang 1, Kebin Li 1, Wei Guo 2,* and Yazhong Cao 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (K.L.) 2 Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (W.G.); [email protected] (Y.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-108-071-5483 (W.G.); +86-106-281-5619 (Y.C). External Editor: Charles A. Collyer Received: 29 August 2014; in revised form: 26 September 2014 / Accepted: 13 October 2014 / Published: 22 October 2014 Abstract: As the first crucial barrier in the midgut of insects, the peritrophic membrane (PM) plays an important role in preventing external invasion. PM proteins, as the major components of the PM, determine the structure and function of this membrane. A new PM protein, named LstiCBP, from the PM of Loxostege sticticalis larvae was identified using cDNA library screening. The full cDNA of LstiCBP is 2606 bp in length and contains a 2403 bp ORF that encodes an 808-amino acid preprotein with a 15-amino acid as signal peptide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tachinid Times February 2014, Issue 27 INSTRUCTIONS to AUTHORS Chief Editor James E
    Table of Contents Articles Studying tachinids at the top of the world. Notes on the tachinids of Northeast Greenland 4 by T. Roslin, J.E. O’Hara, G. Várkonyi and H.K. Wirta 11 Progress towards a molecular phylogeny of Tachinidae, year two by I.S. Winkler, J.O. Stireman III, J.K. Moulton, J.E. O’Hara, P. Cerretti and J.D. Blaschke On the biology of Loewia foeda (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) 15 by H. Haraldseide and H.-P. Tschorsnig 20 Chasing tachinids ‘Down Under’. Expeditions of the Phylogeny of World Tachinidae Project. Part II. Eastern Australia by J.E. O’Hara, P. Cerretti, J.O. Stireman III and I.S. Winkler A new range extension for Erythromelana distincta Inclan (Tachinidae) 32 by D.J. Inclan New tachinid records for the United States and Canada 34 by J.E. O’Hara 41 Announcement 42 Tachinid Bibliography 47 Mailing List Issue 27, 2014 The Tachinid Times February 2014, Issue 27 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Chief Editor JAMES E. O'HARA This newsletter accepts submissions on all aspects of tach- inid biology and systematics. It is intentionally maintained as a InDesign Editor OMBOR MITRA non-peer-reviewed publication so as not to relinquish its status as Staff JUST US a venue for those who wish to share information about tachinids in an informal medium. All submissions are subjected to careful editing and some are (informally) reviewed if the content is thought ISSN 1925-3435 (Print) to need another opinion. Some submissions are rejected because ISSN 1925-3443 (Online) they are poorly prepared, not well illustrated, or excruciatingly bor- ing.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Crambidae of the Region of Murcia (Spain) with New Records, Distribution and Biological Data (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e69388 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e69388 Taxonomic Paper An annotated checklist of the Crambidae of the region of Murcia (Spain) with new records, distribution and biological data (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae) Manuel J. Garre‡‡, John Girdley , Juan J. Guerrero‡‡, Rosa M. Rubio , Antonio S. Ortiz‡ ‡ Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Corresponding author: Antonio S. Ortiz ([email protected]) Academic editor: Shinichi Nakahara Received: 29 May 2021 | Accepted: 20 Jul 2021 | Published: 03 Aug 2021 Citation: Garre MJ, Girdley J, Guerrero JJ, Rubio RM, Ortiz AS (2021) An annotated checklist of the Crambidae of the region of Murcia (Spain) with new records, distribution and biological data (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e69388. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69388 Abstract Background The Murcia Region (osouth-eastern Iberian Peninsula) has a great diversity of Lepidopteran fauna, as a zoogeographical crossroads and biodiversity hotspot with more than 850 butterflies and moth species recorded. New information In the present paper, based on an examination of museum specimens, published records and new samples, a comprehensive and critical species list of Crambidae moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) is synthesised. In total, 8 subfamilies, 50 genera and 106 species have been recorded and these are listed along with their collection, literature references and biological data including chorotype, voltinism and the flight period in the study area. The subfamilies are as follows: Acentropinae, Crambinae, Glaphyriinae, © Garre M et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Microsporidia Infecting Beet Webworm Loxostege Sticticalis (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) in European Part of Russia in 2006–2008 J.M
    45 OECD+WoS: 1.06+IY http://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2019-2(100)-45-51 Full-text Article DETECTION OF MICROSPORIDIA INFECTING BEET WEBWORM LOXOSTEGE STICTICALIS (PYRALOIDEA: CRAMBIDAE) IN EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA IN 2006–2008 J.M. Malysh*, A.G. Kononchuk, A.N. Frolov All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia * corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] The beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (L.) is a major insect pest that causes serious damage of agricultural crops in Russia, China and adjacent countries. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that negatively affect population density of many insect hosts including Lepidoptera. In particular, infection with microsporidia is an important mortality factor for L. sticticalis. Special methodology for the identification of microsporidia associated with terrestrial insects is required. In the present paper we report the results of screening beet webworm moths for microsporidia using two techniques, i.e. light microscopy (LM) and PCR. Adult moths were sampled in 2006–2008 in the European part of Russia: Rostov Region, Krasnodar Territory and Republic of Bashkortostan. Microsporidia infections were detected in insects collected from all sampling sites. Examination of smears by LM showed presence of microsporidian spores in 3.4 % of samples (N=98). PCR analysis of the same dataset was positive in 6.7 % of samples, including those containing and not containing spores. The higher infection rate determined by PCR is likely connected with the fact that only mature spores 46 Malysh J.M. at al. / Plant Protection News 2(100) – 2019, p. 45–51 can be unequivocally identified by LM, whereas PCR also allows detection of otherdevelopmental stages of microsporidia.
    [Show full text]
  • THESIS a SURVEY of the ARTHROPOD FAUNA ASSOCIATED with HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) GROWN in EASTERN COLORADO Submitted by Melissa
    THESIS A SURVEY OF THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) GROWN IN EASTERN COLORADO Submitted by Melissa Schreiner Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2019 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Whitney Cranshaw Frank Peairs Mark Uchanski Copyright by Melissa Schreiner 2019 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT A SURVEY OF THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) GROWN IN EASTERN COLORADO Industrial hemp was found to support a diverse complex of arthropods in the surveys of hemp fields in eastern Colorado. Seventy-three families of arthropods were collected from hemp grown in eight counties in Colorado in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Other important groups found in collections were of the order Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. The arthropods present in fields had a range of association with the crop and included herbivores, natural enemies, pollen feeders, and incidental species. Hemp cultivars grown for seed and fiber had higher insect species richness compared to hemp grown for cannabidiol (CBD). This observational field survey of hemp serves as the first checklist of arthropods associated with the crop in eastern Colorado. Emerging key pests of the crop that are described include: corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)), hemp russet mite (Aculops cannibicola (Farkas)), cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis (Passerini)), and Eurasian hemp borer (Grapholita delineana (Walker)). Local outbreaks of several species of grasshoppers were observed and produced significant crop injury, particularly twostriped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus (Say)). Approximately half (46%) of the arthropods collected in sweep net samples during the three year sampling period were categorized as predators, natural enemies of arthropods.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenological Groups of Snout Moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae) of Rostov-On-Don Area (Russia)
    Phenological groups of snout moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae) of Rostov-on-Don area (Russia) A. N. Poltavsky Abstract. Results of pyralid moths caught into light-traps in the Rostov-on-Don area during 2006–2012 were analysed. Diagrams are presented of phenological group subdivisions made on the basis of quantitative data of pyralid imago activity from spring to autumn. Samenvatting. Felonogie van enkele groepen grasmotten (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae) in het Rostov-on-Don gebied (Rusland) De resultaten van mottenvangsten in lichtvallen in de streek van Rostov-on-Don gedurende 2006–2012 worden geanalyseerd. Diagrammen worden voorgesteld waarin fenologische groepen worden onderscheiden gebaseerd op kwantitatieve gegevens van de mottenactiviteit van lente tot herfst. Résumé. La phénologie de quelques pyralides (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae) dans la région de Rostov-on-Don (Russie) Les résultats des captures dans des pièges lumineux dans la région de Rostov-on-Don durant la période de 2006–2012 sont analysés. Des diagrammes sont présentés avec des groupes phénologiques basés sur des informations quantitatives des activités des Pyraloidea du printemps à l'automne. Key words: Rostov-on-Don area – pyralid moths – phonological groups – light-trapping. Poltavsky, Dr. A. N.: Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don region. [email protected]. Material The climate of the Rostov area is characterized by a In the Rostov-on-Don area during 2006–2012 there short spring, hot summer, warm autumn and mild were caught 203 species of snout moths (Pyraloidea) by winter. These features are amplified in connection with light-trapping. Total amount of specimens – 87,767 ex., the global warming (Poltavsky et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Invasive Species Action Plan
    Oregon Invasive Species Action Plan June 2005 Martin Nugent, Chair Wildlife Diversity Coordinator Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife PO Box 59 Portland, OR 97207 (503) 872-5260 x5346 FAX: (503) 872-5269 [email protected] Kev Alexanian Dan Hilburn Sam Chan Bill Reynolds Suzanne Cudd Eric Schwamberger Risa Demasi Mark Systma Chris Guntermann Mandy Tu Randy Henry 7/15/05 Table of Contents Chapter 1........................................................................................................................3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 What’s Going On?........................................................................................................................................ 3 Oregon Examples......................................................................................................................................... 5 Goal............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Invasive Species Council................................................................................................................. 6 Statute ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Functions .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Reproductive and Flight Capacity of Loxostege
    Entomology Publications Entomology 10-2012 Comparison of Reproductive and Flight Capacity of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Developing From Diapause and Non-Diapause Larvae Daosong Xie Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lizhi Luo Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Thomas W. Sappington Iowa State University, [email protected] Xingfu Jiang CFohilnloesew Ac thiadems andy of aAddgricituionlturalal Scienworkcess at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs Part of the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Biology Commons, Comparative aLeind Z Ehvaonlutg ionary Physiology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Structural Biology Chommoninese Academs y of Agricultural Sciences The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/197. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparison of Reproductive and Flight Capacity of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Developing From Diapause and Non-Diapause Larvae Abstract The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), uses both diapause and migration as life history strategies. To determine the role of diapause plays in the population dynamics of L. sticticalis, the reproductive and flight potentials of adults originating from diapause and nondiapause larvae were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Preoviposition period, lifetime fecundity, and daily egg production of females originating from diapause larvae were not significantly different from those originating from nondiapause larvae, showing that diapause has no significant effect on reproductive capacity when adults are provided with an adequate carbohydrate source.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila | Other Diptera | Ephemeroptera
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects Agricultural 1968-2004 Research Service AWIC Resource Series No. 25 National Agricultural June 2004 Library Compiled by: Animal Welfare Gregg B. Goodman, M.S. Information Center Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us : http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Policies and Links Adult Giant Brown Cricket Insecta > Orthoptera > Acrididae Tropidacris dux (Drury) Photographer: Ronald F. Billings Texas Forest Service www.insectimages.org Contents How to Use This Guide Insect Models for Biomedical Research [pdf] Laboratory Care / Research | Biocontrol | Toxicology World Wide Web Resources How to Use This Guide* Insects offer an incredible advantage for many different fields of research. They are relatively easy to rear and maintain. Their short life spans also allow for reduced times to complete comprehensive experimental studies. The introductory chapter in this publication highlights some extraordinary biomedical applications. Since insects are so ubiquitous in modeling various complex systems such as nervous, reproduction, digestive, and respiratory, they are the obvious choice for alternative research strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies and Moths of the Yukon
    Butterflies and moths of the Yukon FRONTISPIECE. Some characteristic arctic and alpine butterflies and moths from the Yukon. Upper, males of the nymphalid butterflies Oeneis alpina Kurentzov (left) and Boloria natazhati (Gibson) (right), normally encountered on rocky tundra slopes; Middle, males of the alpine arctiid moths Pararctia yarrowi (Stretch) (left), typically on dry rocky slopes with willow, and Acsala anomala Benjamin (right), confined to the Yukon and Alaska and shown here on the characteristic dry rocky habitat of the lichen-feeding larvae; Lower, (left) female of the arctiid moth Dodia kononenkoi Chistyakov and Lafontaine from dry rocky tundra slopes, and (right) a mated pair of the noctuid moth Xestia aequeva (Benjamin), showing the reduced wings of the female. All species were photographed at Windy Pass, Ogilvie Mountains (see book frontispiece), except for B. natazhati (Richardson Mountains). Forewing length of these species is about 2 cm (first 3 species) and 1.5 cm (last 3). 723 Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of the Yukon J.D. LAFONTAINE and D.M. WOOD Biological Resources Program, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada K.W. Neatby Bldg., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 Abstract. An annotated list of the 518 species of Lepidoptera known from the Yukon is presented with a zoogeographic analysis of the fauna. Topics discussed are: historical review of Yukon collecting and research; the expected size of the Yukon fauna (about 2000 species); zoogeographic affinities; special features of Yukon fauna (endemic species, disjunct species, biennialism, flightless species). There are 191 species of Lepidoptera (37% of the fauna) in the Yukon that occur in both Nearctic and Palaearctic regions.
    [Show full text]