Changes in Flow in the Beaver–North Canadian River Basin Upstream from Canton Lake, Western Oklahoma
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Prepared in cooperation with the City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Changes in Flow in the Beaver–North Canadian River Basin Upstream From Canton Lake, Western Oklahoma Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4304 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Wahl, K.L. and Tortorelli, R.L.—Changes in Flow in the Beaver–North Canadian River Basin Upstream From Canton Lake, Western Oklahoma—USGS/WRIR 96–4304 Printed on recycled paper Changes in Flow in the Beaver–North Canadian River Basin Upstream From Canton Lake, Western Oklahoma By Kenneth L. Wahl and Robert L. Tortorelli Prepared in cooperation with the City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4304 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 1997 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 District Chief U.S. Geological Survey 202 NW 66 St., Bldg. 7 Oklahoma City, OK 73116 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Information about water resources in Oklahoma is available on the World Wide Web at http://ok.water.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: OKLAHOMA CITY 1997 iii Contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 1 Purpose and scope . 3 Description of study area . 3 Background and previous studies . 3 Data analyzed . 6 Climatic data . 6 Hydrologic data . 8 Methods of data analysis . 8 Trend analysis . 8 Kendall's tau . 8 Moving averages . 10 Central tendency statistics . 10 Base flow determination . 10 Results . 10 Precipitation trend analyses . 10 Streamflow trend analyses . 11 Annual flow volume . 11 Adjusted annual flow volume . 29 Annual base flow volume . 29 Base-flow index . 32 Peak discharges . 32 Flow-duration relations and daily-duration hydrograph analyses . 46 Summary and conclusions . 53 Selected references . 55 Figures 1.-2. Maps showing: 1. Location of study area, including locations of streamflow-gaging stations. .2 2. Location of cities and precipitation sites in the study area and Oklahoma Climate Division 1. .4 3-6. Graphs Showing: 3. Numbers of large-capacity wells in Beaver, Cimarron, and Texas Counties, Oklahoma, 1950–-95 . .5 4. Water levels in a long-term observation well in Texas County, Oklahoma (1956–95). .6 5. Annual percent of no-flow days for the Beaver River near Guymon, Oklahoma (site 2). .7 6. Total number of stock ponds in cimarron and Texas Counties, Oklahoma; and Dallum and Sherman Counties, Texas. .7 7. Boxplots of average precipitation for the Oklahoma Panhandle (Oklahoma Climate Division 1), 1895–1994. 12 iv 8.-22. Charts showing: 8. Histograms and 5-year moving average for average annual precipitation for the Oklahoma Panhandle (Oklahoma Climate Division 1), 1895–1994. 13 9A. Histograms and 5-year moving average for average precipitation for the Oklahoma Panhandle (Oklahoma Climate Division 1), 1895–1994, for March. 15 9B. Histograms and 5-year moving average for average precipitation for the Oklahoma Panhandle (Oklahoma Climate Division 1), 1895–1994, for July. 15 10. Histograms for annual flow, station 07232250, Beaver River near Felt, Oklahoma (site 1). 16 11. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and C) Base Flow Index, ratio of base flow volume to total annual flow volume; station 07232500, Beaver River near Guymon, Oklahoma (Site 2). 17 12. Histograms for annual flow, station 07232900, Coldwater Creek near Guymon, Oklahoma (site 5). 18 13. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and C) Base Flow Index, ratio of base flow volume to total annual flow volume; station 07233000, Coldwater Creek near Hardesty, Oklahoma (site 6). 19 14. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and C) Base Flow Index, ratio of base flow volume to total annual flow volume; station 07233500, Palo Duro Creek near Spearman, Texas (site 9). 20 15. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and C) Base Flow Index, ratio of base flow volume to total annual flow volume; station 07234000, Beaver River at Beaver, Oklahoma (site 12). 21 16. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and C) Base Flow Index, ratio of base flow volume to total annual flow volume; station 07234100, Clear Creek near Elmwood, Oklahoma (site 14). 22 17. Histograms and 10-year moving averages for A) annual flow; B) base flow; and.