DOCSLIB.ORG

Frugivoria Por Aves Em Bordas De Fragmentos Florestais, Uberlândia-Mg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Frugivoria Por Aves Em Bordas De Fragmentos Florestais, Uberlândia-Mg 1 FRUGIVORIA POR AVES EM BORDAS DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS, UBERLÂNDIA-MG. SUÉLEN AMÂNCIO 1,2 e CELINE DE MELO 1 RESUMO. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar quais são as principais aves que visitam plantas zoocóricas em bordas de ambientes florestais e classificar o frugívoro em dispersor ou predador para avaliar seu potencial de dispersão. O trabalho foi realizado em bordas de ambientes florestais do Parque do Sabiá e Estação Ecológica do Panga entre agosto/2006 a abril/ 2007. A fenologia foi realizada quinzenalmente para as espécies de plantas com frutos. As observações das aves visitantes foram realizadas nos períodos da manhã e tarde para aquelas espécies de plantas que apresentavam no mínimo cinco indivíduos com frutos maduros. Miconia albicans frutificou entre out/2006-jan/2007, foram observados apenas registros ocasionais de Turdus leucomelas e Thraupis sayaca. Tococa formicaria frutificou entre ago-dez/2006, porém não foi registrada visita com consumo de frutos por aves. Miconia chamissois frutificou entre jul-set/ 2006 e foi visitada por 21 espécies de aves (N=118 visitas) em 33,5 horas. Thraupis sayaca (17,8%) foi a espécie que mais visitou Miconia chamissois seguida por Pitangus sulphuratus (15,25%). Os maiores potenciais de dispersão foram encontrados para Colaptes melanochloros (0,21), Turdus amaurochalinus (0,21) e Turdus rufiventris (0,19). Miconia theaezans frutificou entre os meses de fev-mar/2007 e foi visitada por 20 espécies de aves (N=256 visitas) em 26 horas. Pitangus sulphuratus (27,63%) foi a espécie que mais visitou Miconia theaezans, seguida por Thraupis sayaca (12,45%) e Turdus amaurochalinus (7,78%). Os maiores potenciais de dispersão em Miconia theaezans foram encontrados para Turdus leucomelas (0,25), Icterus cayanensis (0,21) e Antilophia galeata (0,21). Em áreas perturbadas, verifica-se a predominância de aves generalistas (57%), como o verificado para Miconia chamissois e Miconia theaezans. As espécies de plantas estudadas são consideradas pioneiras e não são seletivas para seus dispersores, pois possuem frutos com sementes pequenas, coloração atrativa e cascas delgadas. No entanto, a segregação na oferta de frutos, sua disponibilidade durante todo o ano e a morfologia pouco seletiva, as tornam importante fonte de recurso para manutenção da avifauna local. Palavras-chave: frugivoria, bordas de ambientes florestais, avifauna. 1 Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, [email protected]. 2 Bolsista do CNPq, projeto nº B-023/2006. 2 ABSTRACT. The goal of this study was to identify the most important bird visitors of animal-dispersed plants in forest environment edges, classify the frugivorous species as dispersers or predators and evaluate their dispersion potential. This work was carried out at edges of forest environments located in the Parque do Sabiá and the Estação Ecológica do Panga (Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil) between August of 2006 and April of 2007. The phenological study of the fruit-bearing plants was conducted fortnightly. The observation of the visiting birds was performed in the morning and afternoon periods for those plant species which presented at least five individuals with ripe fruits. Miconia albicans bore fruits between October of 2006 and January of 2007 and only occasional visits by Turdus leucomelas and Thraupis sayaca were registered. Tococa formicaria presented fruits between August and December of 2006 but no visits with fruit consumption by birds were recorded (3 hours). Miconia chamissois had fruits between July and September of 2006 and was visited by 21 bird species (N=118 visits) in 33.5 hours. Thraupis sayaca (17.8%) was the most common visitor of Miconia chamissois, followed by Pitangus sulphuratus (15.25%). The highest dispersion potentials were found for Colaptes melanochloros (0.21), Turdus amaurochalinus (0.21) and Turdus rufiventris (0.19). Miconia theaezans bore fruits between February and March of 2007 and was visited by 20 bird species (N=256 visits) in 26 hours. Pitangus sulphuratus (27.63%) was the most common visitor of Miconia theaezans, followed by Thraupis sayaca (12.45%) and Turdus amaurochalinus (7,78%). The highest dispersion potentials for Miconia theaezans were found for Turdus leucomelas (0.25), Icterus cayanensis (0.21) and Antilophia galeata (0.21). In areas altered by man, there is a predominance of generalist birds (57%), as observed for Miconia chamissois and Miconia theaezans. The studied plants are considered precursor species and are not selective towards their dispersers because they bear small-seeded, attractive-colored, thin-peeled fruits. Nevertheless, the seasonal segregation of the fruit offer, its presence throughout the year and the little selective morphology make them an important resource for the maintenance of the local bird fauna. Keywords: frugivory, forest environment edges, bird fauna. 3 INTRODUÇÃO As florestas tropicais apresentam altas proporções de espécies vegetais com A dispersão de sementes por sementes dispersas por animais, inclusive o animais pode aumentar o sucesso Cerrado (Manhães, Assis, Castro, 2003; reprodutivo das plantas (Talora & Melo, 2003). Diversos estudos têm Morellato, 2000) e as aves frugívoras relatado a utilização de frutos como apresentam papel relevante nos processos recurso alimentar para as aves, onde altas de dispersão de muitas espécies vegetais taxas de consumo e visitas demonstram a (Figueiredo, Motta-Júnior; Vasconcelos, importância deste recurso para as espécies 1995; Francisco & Galetti, 2002a). Quando frugívoras, assim como para as generalistas atuam como agentes dispersores de (Motta-Junior & Lombardi, 1990; sementes, auxiliam de modo efetivo na Francisco & Galetti, 2001; Francisco & regeneração de florestas, especialmente Galetti, 2002a; Cazetta et al., 2002; devido à sua abundância e freqüência na Marcondes-Machado & Rosa, 2005; ingestão de sementes (Galetti & Stotz, Krügel, Burger, Alves, 2006; Melo, 1996). Assim, ao carregarem as sementes 2003b). das matas para as áreas impactadas, podem A grande oferta de frutos promover a sua reconstituição (Argel-de- aumenta a chance de visitação na planta, Oliveira, Castiglioni, Souza, 1996). atraindo em sua maioria aves generalistas, Um fator determinante na taxa de que se alimentam ocasionalmente deste visitação em plantas zoocóricas é a oferta recurso, o que pode diminuir a taxa de frutos maduros. Muitas espécies de dispersão. Plantas que produzem uma plantas no Cerrado têm mostrado um perfil quantidade menor de frutos, porém mais de assincronia na frutificação, onde ricos em nutrientes, atraem frugívoros algumas frutificam no período chuvoso e específicos, aumentando desta forma, a outras na seca (Snow, 1965; Morellato et chance de dispersão da espécie (Foster, al., 1989; Verdú & García-Fayos, 1994; 1977; Manhães, Assis, Castro, 2003; Melo, Melo, 2003). Quando há uma diminuição 2003). na oferta de frutos por uma espécie, inicia O comportamento dos frugívoros a oferta em outra, este fato desvia o dispersores e o seu papel na manutenção e interesse do frugívoro, mas o mantém fiel regeneração ambiental aumentam o àquele ambiente (Melo, 2003a). interesse na conservação das comunidades de aves como forma de auxílio à tomada de 4 decisão em planos de manejo de áreas (MG). O Parque do Sabiá está localizado degradadas (Francisco & Galetti, 2002b). no perímetro urbano (18º57’S e 48º14’W; No município de Uberlândia 890m), possui remanescentes florestais de (MG), o alto nível de desmamamento das Matas de Galeria, Mesófila e Cerradão, áreas naturais adjacentes à zona urbana é que ocupam área aproximada de 30 ha, um causado principalmente pelo crescimento conjunto hidrográfico composto por três populacional acelerado, industrialização e nascentes que abastecem sete represas e o aumento das fronteiras agrícolas. Brito & originam um grande lago e sete outros Prudente (2005) afirmam que apenas 17% menores, uma praia artificial com 300m de da vegetação nativa do município está extensão, um zoológico com animais em preservada, sobrando assim apenas alguns cativeiro de dezenas de espécies, uma fragmentos isolados. Assim, estudos de estação de piscicultura e área de recreação frugivoria e dispersão de sementes, (Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia). A especialmente, daquelas espécies que Estação Ecológica do Panga (19°09’- auxiliam na regeneração ambiental, como 19°11’S e 48°23’-48°24’W; 800m) - está as pioneiras, são essenciais para subsidiar localizada no município de Uberlândia, ações de manejo. MG, pertence a Universidade Federal de O objetivo do trabalho foi Uberlândia e possui uma área total de verificar quais espécies de plantas 409,5ha, sendo a área florestal (Cerradão, zoocóricas oferecem frutos em bordas de Mata Mesófila e Mata de Galeria) entorno ambientes florestais e quais são as de 15ha. Dista do centro da cidade principais aves que as visitam, e assim aproximadamente 30km (Schiavini & classificar o frugívoro, de acordo com seu Araújo, 1989), e faz limite com comportamento, em dispersor ou predador propriedades rurais, cujas áreas são para avaliar seu potencial de dispersão. principalmente destinadas à pastagem. As áreas de estudo estão incluídas MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS no Bioma Cerrado (sensu lato), que é composto por formações florestais, Área de Estudo: savânicas e campestres (Eiten, 1990). O clima da região é Aw, segundo a A coleta de dados foi realizada em classificação de Köppen, possui duas áreas: 1) Parque do Sabiá e 2) Estação sazonalidade
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Status, Ecology, and Management of the Invasive Plant, Miconia Calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands1
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996. Bishop 23 Museum Occasional Papers 48: 23-36. (1997) Status, Ecology, and Management of the Invasive Plant, Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands1 A.C. MEDEIROS2, L.L. LOOPE3 (United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakala National Park Field Station, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768, USA), P. CONANT (Hawaii Department of Agriculture, 1428 South King St., P.O. Box 22159, Honolulu, HI 96823, USA), & S. MCELVANEY (Hawaii Natural Heritage Program/The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, 1116 Smith St., Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA) Abstract Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae), native to montane forests of the neotropics, has now invaded wet forests of both the Society and Hawaiian Islands. This tree, which grows up to 15 m tall, is potentially the most invasive and damaging weed of rainforests of Pacific islands. In moist conditions, it grows rapidly, tolerates shade, and produces abundant seed that is effectively dispersed by birds and accumulates in a large, persistent soil seed-bank. Introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in 1961, M. calvescens appears to threaten much of the biological diversity in native forests receiving 1800–2000 mm or more annual precipitation. Currently, M. calvescens is found on 4 Hawaiian islands— Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. Widespread awareness of this invader began in the early 1990s. Although biological control is being pursued, conventional control techniques (mechanical and chemical) to contain and eradicate it locally are underway. Introduction The effects of biological invasions are increasingly being recognized for their role in degradation of biological diversity worldwide (Usher et al., 1988; D’Antonio & Vitousek, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Heptacodium Miconioides
    photograph © Peter Del Tredici, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University An old multi-stemmed specimen of Heptacodium miconioides growing in woodland on Tian Tai Shan, Zhejiang, September 2004, probably the first wild plant ofHeptacodium to be seen by a Western botanist since its discovery by Ernest Wilson in 1907. Heptacodium miconioides Rehder In his last ‘Tree of the Year’, JOHN GRIMSHAW discusses what distinguishes a shrub from a tree and writes about a large shrub introduced to cultivation first in the early twentieth century and again in the late twentieth century, that is rare in the wild. Introduction When the terms of reference for New Trees were drawn up (see pp. 1-2), having agreed that the book would contain only trees, we had to address the deceptive question ‘what is a tree?’ Most of us ‘can recognise a tree when we see one’ and in many ways this is as good an answer as one needs, but when is a woody plant not a tree? When it’s a shrub, of course – but what is a shrub? In the end we adopted the simple definitions that a tree ‘normally [has] a single stem reaching or exceeding 5 m in height, at least in its native habitat. A shrub would normally have multiple woody stems emerging from the base or close to the ground, and would seldom exceed 5 m in height’ (Grimshaw & Bayton 2009). In most cases this served to make a clear distinction, but one of the casualties that fell between the two stools was the Chinese plant Heptacodium miconioides, a significant recent introduction described by theFlora of China (Yang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomia Foliar De Melastomataceae Do Cerrado Do Estado De São Paulo1 CLAUDIA DOS REIS2,3, ANGELA C
    Revista Brasil. Bot., V.28, n.3, p.451-466, jul.-set. 2005 Anatomia foliar de Melastomataceae do Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo1 CLAUDIA DOS REIS2,3, ANGELA C. BIERAS2 e MARIA DAS GRAÇAS SAJO2 (recebido: 7 de outubro de 2004; aceito: 31 de março de 2005) ABSTRACT – (Leaf anatomy of Melastomataceae from the Cerrado of São Paulo State). We studied the leaf of 22 species of Melastomataceae (tribe Miconieae, Tibouchinieae e Microlicieae) from the cerrado of São Paulo State. In all representatives the leaves are dorsiventral and hypostomatic and present bicollateral vascular bundles in the midrib (except for one species). Some features such as type and position of the stomata and the aspect of the midrib surface vary even within a single genus. Other features like cuticle thickness, thricomes morphology, and occurrence or not of emergences, percentage of palisade parenchyma and position and shape of the main vascular bundle may help on the characterization of each genus when analyzed as a hole, within the tribes. These features are described for the 22 species and discussed in a systematic context. Key words - cerrado, leaf anatomy, Melastomataceae RESUMO – (Anatomia foliar de Melastomataceae do Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo). Foi estudada a estrutura foliar de 22 espécies de Melastomataceae (tribos Miconieae, Tibouchinieae e Microlicieae) encontradas no cerrado do estado de São Paulo. Em todos os representantes, as folhas são dorsiventrais e hipostomáticas e a nervura principal é formada por xilema e por floema nas duas faces (exceto por uma única espécie). Determinados caracteres presentes nesses órgãos, como tipo e posição dos estômatos e aspecto das superfícies adaxial e abaxial, na região da nervura principal, variam consideravelmente dentro de um mesmo gênero.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomía Y Rangos De Distribución Altitudinal De Miconia Ruiz & Pav
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE AREQUIPA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA Taxonomía y rangos de distribución altitudinal de Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae) en cuatro sectores del Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu, Cusco. Tesis presentada por la Bachiller SMILSA MONTESINOS ROBLES para optar el título profesional de BIÓLOGA Asesor: Ms. Cs. Blgo. Víctor Quipuscoa Silvestre AREQUIPA- PERÚ 2018 JURADO DICTAMINADOR ____________________________ PRESIDENTE Dr. Benjamín José Dávila Flores ________________________________ _________________________________ SECRETARIO INTEGRANTE Blgo. Luis Norberto Villegas Paredes Ms. Cs. Blgo. Victor Quipuscoa Silvestre ii ____________________________________ Ms. Cs. Blgo. Víctor Quipuscoa Silvestre C.B.P. 2484 ASESOR iii Dedicatoria Dedicado a mí Papá, en cada nueva aventura te llevare siempre conmigo, mil gracias por tu amor, Vinicio. iv AGRADECIMIENTOS Al INSTITUTO CIENTIFICO MICHAEL OWEN DILLON (IMOD), por brindarme las facilidades para ejecutar el presente trabajo de investigación. A mi Asesor de tesis, Ms. Cs. Víctor Quipuscoa, por sus acertados comentarios para la elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación y su gran ejemplo como botánico. Al Sr. Macario Zuñiga Turpa, por su invaluable ayuda en la elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación, su tiempo, su gran amistad desinteresada, por compartir conmigo la palabra de Dios, por sus palabras de apoyo que siempre me alegraron y levantaron el ánimo para continuar el difícil camino de la vida. Al Ing. Julio Cabrera Espíritu, por su gran apoyo en campo, su amistad sincera, y su infaltable animosidad para seguir recolectando, a Daissy Rodriguez Pinto su tiempo y apoyo en campo. A mis amigas Andrea y Raquel por su apoyo fraterno, y a los miembros de la familia IMOD.
    [Show full text]
  • Miconia Miconia Calvescens and All Other Miconia Species
    Prohibited invasive plant Restricted invasive plant Miconia Miconia calvescens and all other miconia species Four species of miconia have been found in Australia. Miconia calvescens has become a major pest in the All pose significant threats to our rainforests and are rainforests of Tahiti and Hawaii where it is known as restricted invasive plants in Queensland. All miconia the ‘purple plague’. Overseas authorities have warned species in Australia are targeted for eradication. Australia that ‘no expense should be spared to hunt this Miconia calvescens (pictured above) has the potential plant down and destroy it before you have a hopeless to cause irreversible damage to our rainforests. Like other problem’. An eradication campaign is currently being imported weeds, Miconia calvescens is capable of rampant managed in Queensland and New South Wales by growth and can produce hundreds of small berries every Biosecurity Queensland. year which are attractive to birds and are spread long distances by these animals. Under favourable conditions, Miconia calvescens forms dense thickets in rainforest understoreys, potentially replacing native plants and affecting wildlife populations. Legal requirements All Miconia species other than Miconia calvescens, Miconia racemosa, Miconia nervosa and Miconia cionotricha) are prohibited invasive plants while those listed are restricted invasive pest plants under the Biosecurity Act 2014. This Act requires that all sightings of any miconia species must be reported to Biosecurity Queensland within 24 hours of being found. By law, everyone has a general biosecurity obligation (GBO) to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risk of spread of miconia until they receive advice from an authorised officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Espécies De Melastomataceae Juss. Com Potencial Para Restauração Ecológica De Mata Ripária No Cerrado
    Núm. 35, pp. 1-19, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2013 ESPÉCIES DE MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. COM POTENCIAL PARA RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE MATA RIPÁRIA NO CERRADO ESPECIES DE MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. CON POTENCIAL PARA LA RESTAURACIÓN ECOLÓGICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN RIPARIA DEL CERRADO/SAVANA MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL USE IN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF GALLERY RIPARIAN VEGETATION OF CERRADO/SAVANNA Lidiamar B. Albuquerque1, Fabiana G. Aquino1, Leila C. Costa2, Zenilton J.G. Miranda3 y Simone R. Sousa1 1Embrapa Cerrados, CP 08223, CEP 73310-970, Planaltina-DF, Brasil. 2Universidade de Brasília – UnB, Brasília, DF. 3Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília, DF. Correo electrónico: [email protected]; [email protected] RESUMO síndromes de polinização e de dispersão de sementes, reprodução vegetativa, riqueza de Melastomataceae Juss. é a sexta família espécies, abundância, cobertura, fenofases em importância no bioma Cerrado, sendo de fl oração e frutifi cação. A partir da análise comuns em vegetação secundária. As espé- destes parâmetros defi niu-se os critérios para cies desta família apresentam estratégias de avaliar o potencial de uso das espécies na vida e adaptações como grande produção de restauração ecológica. Entre as 14 espécies sementes, dispersão efi ciente de propágulos, da família de Melastomataceae registra- altas taxas de germinação e crescimento das, Miconia chamissois Naud. (35.42% rápido que podem propiciar a ativação dos e 42.53%), Ossaea congestifl ora (Naud.) processos ecológicos envolvidos na rege- Cong. (23.6% e 13.29%), Macairea radula neração natural de habitats perturbados. DC (19.66% e 17.22%) e Tococa formicaria O objetivo foi caracterizar as espécies de Mart. (6.78% e 3.87%) apresentaram maior Melastomataceae em vegetação secundária abundância e cobertura, respectivamente.
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide to the Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Kaua‘I, Hawai‘I Acknowledgements
    ‘‘ A Field Guide to the Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i Acknowledgements Early Detection Field Guide Development Tiffani Keanini Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee Elizabeth Speith USGS NBII Pacific Basin Information Node Keren Gundersen Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee Content & Review Forest & Kim Starr United States Geological Survey Hawai‘i Invasive Species Council Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee Maui Invasive Species Committee USGS NBII Pacific Basin Information Node Illustrations Brooke Mahnken Maui Invasive Species Committee Special thanks to the Hawai‘i Invasive Species Council for providing the funds to print this field guide. April 2010 Table of Contents Quick Reference Guide ...................................................................A The Need for Your Eyes & Ears .....................................................1 How to Use this Field Guide .............................................................2 What are we protecting? .................................................................3 What Makes a Species Invasive in Hawai‘i?. ..............................3 Plant Species. .................................................................................................4-31 Invertebrate Species ..................................................................32-35 Animal Species ..........................................................................36-41 Snakes and other animals.......................................................42-43 What You Can Do to Protect Kauai
    [Show full text]
  • July 1960, Volume 39, Number 3 125
    \" ~~- - ~tL:'. • v· \ - , ':t; "'<:,' . .'" , :~... ,.- AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY A union of the Ame1'ican H 01· ticultuml Society and the American H 01·ticultuml Council 1600 BLADENSBURG ROAD, NORTHEAST. WASHINGTON 2, D. C. For United Horticulture *** to accumulate, increase, and disseminate horticultural information B. Y. MORRISON, Editor Directors T erms Expiring 1960 JAMES R . HARLOW, Managing Editor DONOVA N S. CORRELL Texas CARL W. FENNINGER Editorial Committee Pennsylvania W . H . HODGE, Chairman W . H. HODGE Pennsylvania JOHN L. CREECH A. J . IRVI NG FREDERIC P. L EE New York WILLIAM C. STEERE CONRAD B . LINK New York CURTIS MAY T erms Expiring 1961 FREDERICK G . MEYER STUART M. A RMSTRONG WILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Ma'ryland JOH N L. C REECH Maryland "VILLIAM H . FREDERICK, JR. Officers Delaware FRANCIS PATTESON-KNIGHT PRESIDENT Virginia RICHARD P. WHITE Washington, D. C. DONALD WYMAN 1'.1 assachusetts FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT T erms Expi1'ing 1962 DONALD ,.yYMAN Ja maica Plain, Massachusetts FREDERIC P . LEE Ma'ryiand H ENRY T . SKINNER SECOND VICE· PRESIDENT District of Columbia STUART M. ARMSTRONG GEORGE H . S PALDING Silver Spring, Maryland Califomia RICHARD P . WHITE SECRETARY-TREASURER Dist'rict of Columbia OLIVE E. WEATHERELL ANNE WERTSNER WOOD Washington, D. C. Pennsylvania The American H orticultural Magazine is the official publica tion of the American Horticultural Society and is issu ed four times a year during the quarters commencing with January, April, July and October. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers increasing the historical, varietal, and cultural knowledges of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are welcomed and will be published as early as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • “Of Miconia and Men”: the Story of a Scientifically and Socially Successful Biological Control Program in Tahiti, French Polynesia
    Session 8 Social and Economic Assessments of Biological Control 351 “Of Miconia and Men”: The Story of a Scientifically and Socially Successful Biological Control Program in Tahiti, French Polynesia J. -Y. Meyer Délégation à la Recherche, Gouvernement de Polynésie française, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia [email protected] Abstract Many biological control programs against invasive plants have failed or have been abandoned because of negative human perceptions or strong conflicts of interests, e.g., the fear of introducing alien predators or pathogens (the so-called “pathophobia”, Warner, in press), the potential threats for related species of economic or conservation value, and the uncertainty of successful control (see e.g. Louda & Stiling, 2004). In this regard, biological control scientists often appear as sorcerer’s apprentices. This talk describes how a biological control program against the invasive tree Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae), a formerly popular ornamental plant species, was successfully conducted (1997-2010) on the island of Tahiti (French Polynesia, South Pacific) using a fungal pathogen (Meyer et al., 2008; Meyer et al., in press), despite the very bad reputation of past “biological control experiments” in the region (carnivorous snails introduced to control the Giant African snail, myna birds for wasps, raptors for rats, etc.). This case-study tries to demonstrate that rigorous scientific (pre- and post-release) studies are necessary but not sufficient for the acceptance of biological control by human society. Information and education at all levels (from public to politicians), consultation process including all stakeholders, and communication involving different media are equally important to avoid that “The best laid schemes of mice and men go often askew” (inspired by Robert Burns’ famous poem written in 1785).
    [Show full text]
  • Harvard Papers in Botany Volume 22, Number 1 June 2017
    Harvard Papers in Botany Volume 22, Number 1 June 2017 A Publication of the Harvard University Herbaria Including The Journal of the Arnold Arboretum Arnold Arboretum Botanical Museum Farlow Herbarium Gray Herbarium Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium ISSN: 1938-2944 Harvard Papers in Botany Initiated in 1989 Harvard Papers in Botany is a refereed journal that welcomes longer monographic and floristic accounts of plants and fungi, as well as papers concerning economic botany, systematic botany, molecular phylogenetics, the history of botany, and relevant and significant bibliographies, as well as book reviews. Harvard Papers in Botany is open to all who wish to contribute. Instructions for Authors http://huh.harvard.edu/pages/manuscript-preparation Manuscript Submission Manuscripts, including tables and figures, should be submitted via email to [email protected]. The text should be in a major word-processing program in either Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, or a compatible format. Authors should include a submission checklist available at http://huh.harvard.edu/files/herbaria/files/submission-checklist.pdf Availability of Current and Back Issues Harvard Papers in Botany publishes two numbers per year, in June and December. The two numbers of volume 18, 2013 comprised the last issue distributed in printed form. Starting with volume 19, 2014, Harvard Papers in Botany became an electronic serial. It is available by subscription from volume 10, 2005 to the present via BioOne (http://www.bioone. org/). The content of the current issue is freely available at the Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries website (http://huh. harvard.edu/pdf-downloads). The content of back issues is also available from JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/) volume 1, 1989 through volume 12, 2007 with a five-year moving wall.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Miconia Genus: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities
    Pharmacogn Rev. 2019;13(26):77-88 A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Plant Reviews www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net An Overview of Miconia genus: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities Gracielle Oliveira Sabbag Cunha1,2, Danielle Coelho da Cruz1, Antônio Carlos Severo Menezes1 ABSTRACT Miconia genus, belonging to Melastomataceae family, is widely distributed in tropical America and includes some native Brazilian species. This paper reviews the literature on this genus, focusing on its chemical constituents and biological activities, in order to build the base for further studies. Of about 1050 species of Miconia, only 21 were studied from a chemical point of view until the present moment. Among these species, 79 different secondary metabolites were isolated, divided into 7 classes: Flavonoids, triterpenes, phenolic acids, steroids, quinones, tannins and lignans. This chemical diversity gives of the genus interesting biological properties, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, trypanocidal, antileish- manial, schistosomicidal, antimalarial, insecticidal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Key words: Melastomataceae, Miconia, Natural products, Pharmacological properties, Phytochemistry INTRODUCTION Miconia is one of the most representative genus from The review is organized into three main sections. The Melastomataceae family, with more than 1050 species first section deals with the traditional use of Miconia occurring from western Mexico and the Caribbean species. In the second section the phytochemical to Uruguay and northern Argentina.[1] In Brazil, this studies of the genus are presented and, finally, the genus ranks fifth position in diversity and is repre- third section presents the studies related to the phar- Gracielle Oliveira Sabbag [2] Cunha1,2, Danielle Coelho sented by 276 species, of which 121 are endemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Miconia Calvescens
    APFISN INVASIVES Newsletter of the Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network ( APFISN ) Volume 10 April - May 2007 Threats The Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network Velvet tree (Miconia calvescens) (APFISN) has been established as a response to the Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the Asia-Pacific region. APFISN is a cooperative New publications alliance of the 33 member countries in the Asia- Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) - a statutory Evaluation of weed eradication programs: containment and body of the Food and Agricultural Organization of extirpation. the United Nations (FAO). The network focuses on inter-country cooperation that helps to detect, Cyphocleonus achates Impacts of the biological control agent on prevent, monitor, eradicate and/or control forest spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa, in experimental plots. invasive species in the Asia-Pacific region. Specific Selecting replacements for invasive plants to support frugivores in objectives of the network are: 1) raise awareness of highly modified sites: A case study focusing on Lantana camara. invasive species throughout the Asia-Pacific region; 2) define and develop organizational structures; 3) The chemical control of the environmental weed basket asparagus build capacity within member countries and 4) (Asparagus aethiopicus L. cv. Sprengeri) in Queensland. develop and share databases and information. Maximising the contribution of native-range studies towards the identification and prioritisation of weed biocontrol agents. A review of current knowledge of the weedy species Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass). The biology of Australian weeds. 46. Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis. Recent books Unnatural landscapes: tracking invasive species Ecology of weeds and invasive plants: relationship to agriculture and natural resource management Forthcoming Symposia/Workshops 28 October - 2 November 2007.
    [Show full text]