Priority Plant Pests the Pest Lists in Tables 1A and 1B Consolidate The

Priority Plant Pests

The pest lists in Tables 1a and 1b consolidate the priority pests that have been identified by plant industries with MPI at workshops over the last 3 – 4 years. Plant industries may find these lists useful as they consider the potential benefit of signing the GIA Deed and participating in biosecurity readiness and response activities with government and other industries.

The pests in Tables 1 have been further clustered across industries into 16 groups with common characteristics relevant to decision making around readiness and response (Table 2).

The 16 groups are as follows:

1. Economic fruit flies – Ceratitis, Bactrocera, Anastrepha, Rhagoletis, including Drosophila suzukii. These would break down into lure-responsive and non lure- responsive, and within the lure-responsives into capilure/trimedlure, cuelure and methyl eugenol. 2. Moths – polyphagous, long flyers, widely dispersive. With or without lures. 3. Viruses – seed-borne, nepoviruses, phytoplasmas (vector-borne and nursery- stock vectored). 4. Bacteria – Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Candidatus. Nursery, seed and vector pathways. 5. Fungi – rusts (response generally not feasible), seed-borne, rain-splash dispersal. 6. Beetles, bugs. 7. Nematodes – Xiphinema (nepovirus vectors), Meloidogyne. Introduction in soil and plant material, spread the same way. 8. All economic mites. 9. All economic thrips. 10. Small flies including white fly, aphids, psyllids, leaf hoppers, Liriomyza, bulb flies (garlic, onion). 11. Sharpshooters – direct feeder and vector. 12. Economic scales, mealybugs. 13. Weevils – root and seed. 14. Cockchafer. 15. Mole cricket (pathway?). 16. Tramp ants – fire ants and others.

The consolidated list in Tables 1 could be refined further with regard to any number of characteristics such as entry pathway, control measures, biological similarities, means of spread, early detection etc. Clusters provide a means of identifying common interests across plant industries.

GIA Secretariat 9 December 2013

Table 1a: Priority plant pests for NZ plant industries

Cross-sector Pipfruit Avocado Wine grapes Forestry Buttercup squash Summerfruit Potatoes Horticulture (multi-host) Fruit Flies ALL fruit flies Species of European Vine Moth Phytophthora Fruit flies Plum pox virus Potato wart (Bactrocera spp., Monilinia fructigena Anastrepha, (Lobesia botrana) pinifolia (DFP) (Anastrepha Fruit flies (Synchytrium Anastrepha spp., Ceratitis, grandis, Bactrocera endobioticum) Acrobasis Vine Mealy bug Fusarium Drosophila suzukii Ceratitis spp., Rhagoletis, (Planococcus ficus) circinatum (Pine cucurbitae) Potato brown rot pirivorella Carposina sasakii Rhagoletis spp.) Bactrocera Pitch Canker) Cucurbit yellow (Ralstonia Aphis pomi Aphid Glassy winged Lymantria dispar - Homaloldisca sharpshooter with Endocronartium stunting disorder Pseudococcus solanacearum) Asian Gypsy Moth Cacopsylla spp vitripennis Glassy Xylella harknesii (Western virus comstocki Potato ring rot Psyllid winged Mealybug Teia anartoides - Blue green & other Gall Rust) Diabrotica (Clavibacter Cydia inopinata sharpshooter Grapholita packardi Painted Apple Moth sharpshooters Lymantria dispar speciosa, D. michiganensis Homalodisca Halyomorpha halys Drosophilia suzukii (Graphocephala (Asian Gypsy Moth) baleata Grapholita subsp. vitripennis - Glassy Marmorated stink Stenonoma atropunctata) Lyriomyza sativae, prunivora Sepedonicus) bug winged catenifer Root knot L. Trifolii Potato spindle Sharpshooter Hyphantria cunea Helopeltis spp nematodes Trichodorus spp. tuber viroid associated with Fall webworm Capsid bug (Meloidogyne sp) Squash leafcurl Potato stolbur bacterial disease Lymantria dispar phytoplasma Xylella fastidiosa Oligonychus Dagger nematodes virus Pseudococcus coffeae (Xiphinema index Columbia basin Drosophila suzukii comstocki and X. americanum) purple top – Vinegar Fly Oligonychus Mealybug perseae Platynota stultana phytoplasma Halymorpha halys - Teia anartoides Drosophilia suzukii Potato viruses Brown Marmorated Oligonychus Stink Bug punicae Bois noir (black Colorado beetle Parabemesia wood, (Leptinotarsa myricae Bayberry vergilbungskrankheit, decemlineata) whitefly with vector) Epitrix similaris Amblypelta nitida & Flavescence dorée (Coleoptera: A. lutescens Fruit (with vector) Chrysomelidae) spotting bug Phytoplasma Empoasca fabae Trioza anceps Guignardia bidwellii Potato leafhopper

Avocado psyllid Planococcus ficus Tetranychus evensi Protopulvinaria Mealybug nematodes - pyriformisScale Xyllela fastidiosa Xiphinema, Conotrachelus Fruit Flies Longidorus, perseae & C. Meloidogyne (M. Xanthomonas chitwoodi) aguacate Seed ampelina Bacterial weevil blight Leafmining flies Heilipus lauri (Liriomyza sp) Avocado weevil Dickeya solani Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff Ambrosia beetle Chaetanophothrips orchidii Thrips Frankliniella cephalica Thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus ThripsScirtothrips perseae Thrips Tetraleurodes perseae Red banded whitefly Avocado Sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) Sphaceloma perseae Raffaelea lauricola Xylella fastiosa Pseudocercospora purpurea Phellinus noxius

Table 1b: Priority plant pests for NZ plant industries

Kiwifruit Citrus Strawberry Tamarillo Onion Tomatoes Fresh Veges Asparagus Ceratitis capitata Bactrocera Adelphocoris lineolatus Candidatus Onion fly (Delia Fruit fly Alternaria sp Phomopsis Other fruit flies carambolae Alfalfa (lucerne) plant bug Phytoplasma antiqua) (Bactrocera and "Clyde" asparagi aurantifolia Ceratitis species) Pseudomonas Bactrocera caryeae Anthonomus bisignifer Onion thrips Bactrocera Puccinia asparagi syringae pv. Bactrocera dorsalis Strawberry weevil Bactrocera tryoni (Frankliniella Chilli thrips invadens Crioceris asparagi actinidae Anthonomus signatus Ceratitis capitata ewarti and F. (Scirtothrips Capsicum chlorosis Bactrocera fusca) dorsalis) Crioceris Pseudaulacaspis kandiensis Strawberry bud weevil Neoceratitis virus duodecimpunctata Leafhoppers Tomato leafminer pentagona White Bactrocera Drosophila suzukii cyanescens Cucurbit yellow Asparagus 1 virus peach scale (Macrosteles (Tuta absoluta) stunting disorder occipitalis Elasmopalpus lignosellus Bactrocera Asparagus 3 virus quadrilineatus and Pepino mosaic virus Empoasca vitis and Bactrocera papayae Lesser cornstalk borer cucurbitae M. striifrons) virus (PepMV) Nematodes - E flavescens Leaf Epichoristodes acerbella Diabrotica baleata Bactrocera Bactrocera Center Rot Longidorus and hopper neohumeralis Tomato torrado philippinensis Frankliniella tritici Thrips (Pantoea Epitrix similaris Xiphinema Homalodisca virus (ToTV) (Coleoptera: Bactrocera trilineola ananatis) vitripennis Glassy Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa Chrysomelidae) Bactrocera trivialis Mole cricket winged Meloidogyne sharpshooter Bactrocera tryoni Homona coffearia enterolobii Drosophila suzukii Bactrocera zonata Lygus lineolaris Pantoea ananatis Tarnished plant bug Metcalfa pruinosa Candidatus Tomato apical stunt Plant hopper Liberibacter Lygus rugulipennis pospiviroid africanus Tarnished plant bug Adoxophyes orana Tomato chlorosis Scirtothrips dorsalis Candidatus Melolontha melolontha virus Cockchafer Thrips Liberibacter Tomato mottle virus americanus Philaenus Sitobion fragariae Blackberry cereal aphid Tomato torrado leucophthalmus Candidatus virus Meadow spittlebug Liberibacter Solenopsis geminata asiaticus Tropical fire ant Tomato yellow Lymantria dispar leafcurl virus Candidatus Tetranychus kanzawai Teia anartoides Xanthomonas Liberobacter sp. Tetranychus lobustus axonopodis pv. allii Ceratitis capitata Tetranychus Frankliniella ewarti, Diaphorina citri neocalendonicus

Asian citrus psyllid Tetranychus pacificus Frankliniella fusca Guignardia Aphelenchoides besseyi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Thrips citricarpa Xiphinema rivesi Trioza erytreae Scirtothrips dorsalis aster yellows Thrips African citrus psyllid phytoplasma group Hauptidia Xanthomonas Beet pseudoyellows virus campestris pv. Citri maroccana, Candidatus Austroasca Phlomobacter fragariae viridigrisea, Sibovia Candidatus Phytoplasma occatoria Leaf australiense hoppers Clover phyllody Acrolepiopsis phytoplasma assectella Clover proliferation Contarinia nasturtii phytoplasma Gall midge Clover yellow edge Fruit fly (Bactrocera phytoplasma and Ceratitis Colletotrichum fragariae species) Phytophthora fragariae Chilli thrips (Scirtothrips Podosphaera aphanis dorsalis) Raspberry ringspot virus Tomato leafminer Rhodococcus fascians (Tuta absoluta) Stolbur phytoplasma Pepino mosaic virus STRAWB1 phytoplasma (PepMV) STRAWB2 phytoplasma Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) Strawberry chlorotic fleck virus Strawberry crinkle virus Strawberry green petal phytoplasma Strawberry latent C virus Strawberry leafy fruit

phytoplasma Strawberry lethal decline phytoplasma Strawberry mild yellow edge-associated virus Strawberry multicipita phytoplasma Strawberry multiplier phytoplasma Strawberry pallidosis- associated virus Strawberry phylloid fruit phytoplasma Strawberry pseudo mild yellow edge virus Strawberry vein banding virus Strawberry witches' broom phytoplasma Strawberry yellows phytoplasma Tobacco necrosis virus Tomato black ring virus Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Fragariae Xanthomonas fragariae Xylella fastidiosa

Table 2: Priority pests clustered by ‘like’ organism – reflecting similarity of phytosanitary risk, impact, entry pathway, vector etc.

Fruit fly or Polyphageo Virus, Bacteria Leaf miners Fungus Beetles Nematodes Mites Thrips Flying Insects - Insects Other equivalent us moths viroid, insect direct other phytoplasm vectors feeders including a including including weevils, whitefly, scales, chewing psyllids, mealybugs, insects aphids, other bugs, sharpshoote sap suckers rs

Ceratitis Homona Capsicum Candidatus Onion fly Phomopsis Crioceris Aphelenchoi Tetranychus Onion thrips Homalodisc Adelphocori Anthonomus Solenopsis capitata coffearia chlorosis Phytoplasm (Delia asparagi asparagi des besseyi kanzawai (Frankliniell a vitripennis s lineolatus bisignifer geminata Other fruit Adoxophyes virus a antiqua) Puccinia Crioceris Xiphinema Tetranychus a ewarti and Glassy Alfalfa Strawberry Tropical fire flies orana Cucurbit aurantifolia Lyriomyza asparagi duodecimpu rivesi lobustus F. fusca) winged (lucerne) weevil ant sharpshooter plant bug Bactrocera Epichoristod yellow Potato sativae, L. Alternaria sp nctata Meloidogyn Tetranychus Chilli thrips Anthonomus carambolae es acerbella stunting brown rot Trifolii "Clyde" Diabrotica e enterolobii neocalendon (Scirtothrips Sitobion Leafhoppers signatus disorder (Ralstonia dorsalis) fragariae (Macrosteles Strawberry Bactrocera Lymantria Liriomyza Potato wart baleata Nematodes - icus virus solanacearu sativae, L. Frankliniell Blackberry quadrilineat bud weevil caryeae dispar m) (Synchytriu Epitrix Longidorus Tetranychus cereal aphid us and M. Asparagus 1 bryoniae, L. m similaris and pacificus a tritici Elasmopalp Bactrocera Teia virus Potato ring trifolii; L. Thrips Diaphorina striifrons) us dorsalis anartoides endobioticu (Coleoptera: Xiphinema Oligonychus Asparagus 3 rot huidobrensis m) Chrysomelid Scirtothrips citri Asian Pseudaulaca lignosellus Bactrocera Carposina (Clavibacter ; L. nietzkei, Trichodorus coffeae citrus spis Lesser virus Guignardia ae) spp. dorsalis tryoni sasakii michiganens L. cepae, Oligonychus Thrips psyllid pentagona cornstalk Pepino is subsp. Chromatom citricarpa Colorado Root knot perseae White peach borer Ceratitis Lymantria mosaic virus beetle Frankliniell Trioza capitata dispar Sepedonicus yia Colletotrich nematodes Oligonychus erytreae scale Gryllotalpa (PepMV) ) horticola, um (Leptinotars (Meloidogyn a ewarti, Neoceratitis (Asian a punicae Frankliniell African Tomato gryllotalpa Gypsy Tomato Pseudomona Phytomyza fragariae e sp) citrus leafminer Mole cricket cyanescens torrado virus gymnostrom decemlineat Tetranychus a fusca Moth) s syringae Phytophthor a) Dagger evensi (Thysanopte psyllid (Tuta Melolontha Bactrocera (ToTV) pv. actinidae a a fragariae nematodes absoluta) cucurbitae European Epitrix Tetranychus ra: Glassy melolontha Vine Moth Potato Center Rot Tuta Podosphaer (Xiphinema Thripidae) winged Empoasca Cockchafer Bactrocera spindle absoluta similaris index and X. evansi (Lobesia (Pantoea a aphanis (Coleoptera: Thrips sharpshooter vitis and E Cylas neohumerali botrana) tuber viroid ananatis Leafmining americanum with Xylella flavescens s Phytophthor Chrysomelid ) Chaetanoph formicarius, Grapholita Potato Pantoea flies a pinifolia ae) othrips Homaloldisc Leaf hopper Euscepes Drosophila stolbur (Liriomyza nematodes - packardi ananatis (DFP) Diabrotica orchidii a vitripennis Metcalfa postfasciatu suzukii phytoplasma sp) Xiphinema, Glassy pruinosa s

Bactrocera Grapholita Columbia Candidatus Fusarium speciosa, D. Longidorus, Thrips winged Plant hopper (Coleoptera: kandiensis prunivora basin purple Liberibacter circinatum baleata Meloidogyn Frankliniell sharpshooter Lygus Curculionid Bactrocera Platynota top africanus (Pine Pitch Xyleborus e (M. a cephalica Homalodi lineolaris ae) Sweet occipitalis stultana phytoplasma Candidatus Canker) glabratus chitwoodi) Thrips sca Tarnished potato weevil Bactrocera Lymantria Potato Liberibacter Endocronart Eichhoff Selenothrips vitripennis - plant bug papayae dispar - viruses americanus ium Ambrosia rubrocinctus Glassy Lygus Delia harknesii beetle winged antiqua Bactrocera Asian Tomato Candidatus Thrips rugulipennis Gypsy Moth apical stunt Liberibacter (Western Diabrotica Sharpshoote Tarnished Onion philippinens Gall Rust) Scirtothrips r associated maggot/fly is Acrobasis pospiviroid asiaticus speciosa perseae Thri plant bug Monilinia with Diaprepes Bactrocera pirivorella Tomato Candidatus Diabrotica ps bacterial Philaenus chlorosis Liberobacte fructigena virgifera leucophthal abbreviatus trilineola Stenonoma Scirtothrips disease Root weevil catenifer virus r sp. Guignardia virgifera dorsalis Xylella mus Bactrocera bidwellii (Coleoptera: Meadow Conotrachel trivialis Teia Tomato Xanthomona Thrips fastidiosa mottle virus s Sphaceloma Chrysomelid spittlebug us perseae Bactrocera anartoides - ae) Blue green & C. Painted Tomato axonopodis perseae & other Empoasca tryoni pv. allii Leptinotarsa fabae Potato aguacate Apple Moth torrado virus Raffaelea sharpshooter Seed weevil Bactrocera Dickeya lauricola decimlineata s leafhopper zonata Cydia Tomato (Coleoptera: Heilipus inopinata yellow solani Pseudocerco (Graphocep Contarinia Ceratitis Chrysomelid hala nasturtii lauri Teia leafcurl Candidatus spora ae) Avocado capitata virus Phlomobact purpurea atropunctata Gall midge anartoides Phaedon ) weevil Bactrocera Stolbur er fragariae Phellinus Empoasca & Ceratitis Hyphantria brassicae Aphis pomi fabae Potato Suillia cunea Fall phytoplasma Candidatus noxius (Coleoptera: lurida Garlic species Phytoplasm Aphid leafhopper (Diptera: webworm STRAWB1 Fusarium Chrysomelid fly phytoplasma a oxysporum ae) Cacopsylla Halyomorph Tephritidae) Lymantria australiense spp Psyllid a halys dispar STRAWB2 f.sp. Fruit fly Xanthomona lactucae Trioza Marmorated

(Bactrocera Acrolepiopsi phytoplasma s campestris anceps stink bug and Ceratitis s assectella Strawberry pv. Citri Avocado Pseudococc species) Keiferia chlorotic Rhodococcu psyllid us comstocki Bactrocera lycopersicell fleck virus s fascians Parabemesi Mealybug invadens a Strawberry Xanthomona a myricae Vine Mealy Drosophila (Lepidoptera crinkle virus s arboricola Bayberry bug suzukii : pv. whitefly (Planococcu Gelechiidae) Strawberry Fruit flies green petal Fragariae Bemisia s ficus) (Anastrepha Leucinode phytoplasma Xanthomona tabaci Helopeltis grandis, s orbonalis s fragariae (strain) spp Capsid (Lepidoptera Strawberry (Hemiptera: Bactrocera latent C Xylella bug cucurbitae) : Pyralidae) Aleyrodidae virus fastidiosa ) White fly Halymorp Fruit flies Strawberry Xyllela ha halys - Tetraleurod Brown Drosophila leafy fruit fastidiosa es perseae suzukii phytoplasma Marmorated Xanthomona Red banded Stink Bug Drosophilia Strawberry s ampelina whitefly suzukii lethal Bacterial Halyomorph a halys Fruit Flies decline blight phytoplasma Marmorated Species of Xylella stink bug Strawberry fastiosa Anastrepha, Pseudococc Ceratitis, mild yellow Pseudomona edge- us comstocki Rhagoletis, s amygdali Mealybug Bactrocera associated & P. virus syringae pv. Amblypelta ALL fruit nitida & A. flies Strawberry atropurpure multicipita a complex lutescens Fruit Flies phytoplasma Fruit (Bactrocera spotting bug spp., Strawberry multiplier Protopulvin

Anastrepha phytoplasma aria spp., Strawberry pyriformisSc Ceratitis pallidosis- ale spp., associated Planococcus Rhagoletis virus ficus spp.) Strawberry Mealybug Drosophilia phylloid Hauptidia suzukii fruit maroccana, Drosophila phytoplasma Austroasca suzukii – Strawberry viridigrisea, Vinegar Fly pseudo mild Sibovia yellow edge occatoria virus Leaf hoppers Strawberry vein Lygus banding lineolaris virus Tarnished plant bug Strawberry witches' Scleroracus broom sp.; phytoplasma Macrosteles sp. Plant Strawberry hoppers yellows phytoplasma Tobacco necrosis virus Tomato black ring

virus aster yellows phytoplasma group Beet pseudoyello ws virus Raspberry ringspot virus Clover phyllody phytoplasma Clover proliferation phytoplasma Clover yellow edge phytoplasma Bois noir (black wood, vergilbungs krankheit, with vector) Flavescence dorée (with vector)

Phytoplasma Tomato infectious chlorosis virus Spiroplasma kunkelii Pea enation mosaic Pea early browning virus Avocado Sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) Pepino mosaic virus Plum pox virus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Squash leafcurl virus