UNIT1 the Geography of Canada
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1 of 10 Course Syllabus Geography of Canada
Course Syllabus Geography of Canada - GEOG 2570 A01 Department of Environment and Geography Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources Instructor: Dr. Janna Wilson 216 Sinnott Building 204.480.1817 [email protected] (preferred means of contact) Office Hours: Monday: 1:00-2:30 PM Or by appointment; Wednesday: 1:00 – 2:00 PM please email Subject to change Lecture Room: 201 St. John’s College Lecture Slot: M/W/F: 10:30 - 11:20 AM Course Dates: Sept. 8 – Dec. 9, 2016 Final Exam Period: December 12-22, 2016 Final Voluntary Nov. 18, 2016 (50% of the course grade will be available by this date) Withdrawal Date: For more information: http://umanitoba.ca/student/records/leave_return/695.html Required Course Materials Bone, R.M. (2014). The Regional Geography of Canada (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0-19-900242-9 Cost: $109.95 Student study guide on the textbook website: http://www.oupcanada.com/higher_education/companion/geography/9780199002429/stude nt_resources.html Note: If you are using a different textbook than the 6th edition of Bone, the assigned readings may not correspond. The instructor offers no guarentee that the content in other textbooks/or editions will be the same as the 6th edition of Bone. Consequently, you may or may not be able to answer “textbook” exam questions. You may use any book you want, but it is at your own risk. GEOG 2570 J. Wilson/F2016 1 of 10 Course Description: (Formerly 053.257) A regional study of Canada in which the major regions of Canada are studied with respect to geographical patterns of their physical environment, settlement, culture, economic activity, and land use. -
The 2012 RPIC Federal Contaminated Sites National Workshop
RPIC FCS NATIONAL WORKSHOP WELCOME WELCOME TO THE 2012 RPIC FEDERAL CONTAMINATED SITES NATIONAL WORKSHOP On behalf of the Real Property Institute of Canada (RPIC) and the Workshop Organizing Committee, we are really pleased to welcome all delegates, exhibitors and event partners to the fourth RPIC Federal Contaminated Sites National Workshop being held at the Allstream Center in Toronto. Through the hard work and dedication of the Organizing Committee and The Willow Group, we have again assembled a high quality program that we hope you will find stimulating and informative. Since the early 1990’s, federal environmental specialists have worked to develop a nation-wide strategy to address federal contaminated sites. The combination of the government’s 2004 commitment of long-term funding and the establishment of the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) program has made it possible for federal custodians and the environmental industry to undertake a collaborative effort for effective and responsible management of federal contaminated sites. The first three National Workshops, held in Ottawa in March 2006, in Vancouver in April 2008 and in Montreal in May 2010, provided a unique forum for federal public servants engaged in environmental management and remediation, industry representatives and academics to share experiences and learn from one another. Building on this foundation, the 2012 plenary sessions, poster displays, trade show and numerous networking opportunities provide a venue to discuss technical, scientific and management -
Evolution of Winter Temperature in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: a Case Study of Winters 2013/14 and 2014/15
15 JULY 2017 A N D E R S O N A N D GOUGH 5361 Evolution of Winter Temperature in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: A Case Study of Winters 2013/14 and 2014/15 CONOR I. ANDERSON AND WILLIAM A. GOUGH Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada (Manuscript received 29 July 2016, in final form 27 March 2017) ABSTRACT Globally, 2014 and 2015 were the two warmest years on record. At odds with these global records, eastern Canada experienced pronounced annual cold anomalies in both 2014 and 2015, especially during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 winters. This study sought to contextualize these cold winters within a larger climate context in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto winter temperatures (maximum Tmax, minimum Tmin,andmeanTmean)for the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons were ranked among all winters for three periods: 1840/41–2015 (175 winters), 1955/56–2015 (60 winters), and 1985/86–2015 (30 winters), and the average warming trend for each temperature metric during these three periods was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test and Thiel–Sen slope estimation. The winters of 2013/14 and 2014/15 were the 34th and 36th coldest winters in Toronto since record-keeping began in 1840; however these events are much rarer, relatively, over shorter periods of history. Overall, Toronto winter temperatures have warmed considerably since winter 1840/41. The Mann–Kendall analysis showed statistically significant monotonic trends in winter Tmax, Tmin,andTmean over the last 175 and 60 years. These trends notwithstanding, there has been no clear signal in Toronto winter temperature since 1985/86. -
Canada and the American Curriculum
Canada and the American Curriculum REQUIRED Where is Canadian content taught, at what level, in what course? Recommended: HISTORY Data current as of January 2013 Recommended: ECONOMICS Recommended: GEOGRAPHY Recommended: CIVICS State Elem K-5 Specifics Middle 6-8 Specifics High 9-12 Specifics Grade 9-12: Explain the diversity of human characteristics in major geographic realms and AL regions of the world. Examples: North America, Grade 7: Describe the relationship Middle and South America, Europe, Russia, Africa, between locations of resources and Southwest Asia, Middle East, South Asia, East patterns of population distribution in the Asia, Pacific. Tracing global and regional effects RECOMMENDED: Western Hemisphere. Example, fish from RECOMMENDED World of political and economic alliances such as NATO, Geography Canada. Geography OPEC, and NAFTA. Grade 12: Comparison of the development and characteristics of the world’s traditional, command, and market economies. Contrasting AL Grade 5: Describe how geography and economic systems of various countries with the natural resources of different regions of market system of the United States. Examples: North America impacted different groups of Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Cuba, Native Americans. Describe cultures, North Korea, Mexico, Canada, transitioning governments, economies, and religions of economies of the former Soviet Union. Explain different groups of Native Americans. basic elements of international trade. Examples: Identify the issues that led to the War of Grade 7: Compare the government of the OPEC, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade SUGGESTED: US 1812. Describe major events occurring during United States with other governmental RECOMMENDED: (GATT), NAFTA, European Economic Community History the War of 1812. -
The Territorial North
The Territorial 11 North Learning Objectives To describe the physical and historical geography of the Territorial North as a basis for understanding the region’s social and econom- ic position in Canada To describe the dual character of the Territorial North (in terms of resource frontier and homeland) To describe the Territorial North’s position as a resource frontier in the core/periphery model To outline the key role Canada’s north plays in geopolitics by discussing Arctic sovereignty To outline the key role played by megaprojects in the region’s development Chapter Overview The Territorial North is Canada’s largest region and the only one to be categorized as a resource frontier in the core/periphery model. Key themes of this chapter include: 1. Remoteness of the Territorial North. 2. Resources within the Territorial North. 3. Recognition of this region as a homeland for Indigenous peoples The Territorial North within Canada and the World The Territorial North comprises 39 per cent of Canada’s area, 0.3 per cent of its GDP, and 0.3 per cent of its population. As a result of its geographic remoteness and dependence on resources, mega- projects in this region have significant implications not only for economic development but also for social conditions and the environment. Physical Geography of the Territorial North The Territorial North extends across four physiographic regions and two climate zones. Bone points out that the physical geography of the Territorial North is influenced more by its cold environment than by physical topography (p. 367). It is largely because of the cold environment that northern ecosystems are frequently described as “fragile” or “delicate,” and require prolonged periods of time to recover from human activity. -
Human Geography of Canada: Developing a Vast Wilderness
Chapter 7 Guided Notes _________________________________________________________________________________________ NAME Human Geography of Canada: Developing a Vast Wilderness Three major groups in Canada—the native peoples, the French, and the English—have melded into a diverse and economically strong nation. Section 1: History and Government of Canada French and British settlement greatly influenced Canada’s political development. Canada’s size and climate affected economic growth and population distribution. The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry Early Peoples After Ice Age, migrants cross Arctic land bridge from Asia o ancestors of Arctic Inuit (Eskimos); North American Indians to south Vikings found Vinland (Newfoundland) about A.D. 1000; later abandon Colonization by France and Britain French explorers claim much of Canada in 1500–1600s as “New France”; British settlers colonize the Atlantic Coast Steps Toward Unity Establishing the Dominion of Canada In 1791 Britain creates two political units called provinces o Upper Canada (later, Ontario): English-speaking, Protestant; Lower Canada (Quebec): French-speaking, Roman Catholic Rupert’s Land a northern area owned by fur-trading company Immigrants arrive, cities develop: Quebec City, Montreal, Toronto o railways, canals are built as explorers seek better fur-trading areas Continental Expansion and Development From the Atlantic to the Pacific In 1885 a transcontinental railroad goes from Montreal to Vancouver o European immigrants arrive and Yukon gold brings fortune hunters; -
Canada: Physical Background
Canada: Physical Background Why look at Canada’s Physical Geography? • It helps shape the human geography of Canada – And its regions Reading • Take a look at any traditional textbook in the geography of Canada – There is usually a chapter on physical geography – Chapter 2 from Bob Bone’s book is copied and on reserve in GRC S403 Ross Canada • Is built on continental crust • Therefore contains very ancient rocks • Has a long and very complex geological history • Is most geologically active around its edges • We live here in one of its quieter middle bits – Life in the slow lane Geologic Provinces • Shield (continental crust) • Sedimentary platforms • Fold mountain belts • Arctic coastal plain Geologic Time Scale Period Millions of Regions formed Years Ago Quaternary 2-0 Great Lakes Cenozoic 100-0 Cordillera, Inuitian Mesozoic 250-100 Interior plains Paleozoic 600-250 Appalachian uplands, Arctic lands Precambrian 3500-600 Shield Canadian Shield • Ancient (3500 million years +) • Crystalline base of continent • Formed at great depth & pressure – faulted, folded, flowed – metamorphic rocks: gneiss – from 5+ phases of mountain building • Poor agricultural soils Shield Rocks • Formed in an era of rather small continents – 1/10th the size of present-day continents or less • North American shield: – Formed out of 7 ‘provinces’ – Each with separate belts/terranes Shield Rocks • The zones of mountain building (orogens) were smaller too • Plate tectonics operated – But in many ways differently than today Nain Province Ungava, Quebec Churchill province -
THE CLIMATE of the CANADIAN ARCTIC 59 Recorded Temperature in Canada
THE CLIMATE OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC 59 recorded temperature in Canada. Mean daily temperatures for March of —36°F at Eureka, — 25°F at Resolute and — 15°F at Baker Lake are indicative of the great length of the period of severe cold at Arctic stations. The frequencies of occurrence of low temperatures at these stations provide further evidence of the coldness of the Arctic. During the four coldest months—December, January, February and March—temperatures may be expected to drop as low as — 10°F on 85 to 100 p.c. of the days, -20°F on 70 to 95 p.c. of the days and -30°F on 30 to 90 p.c. of the days (the lower frequencies apply to southern sections of the Arctic and the higher values to the northern islands of the Archipelago). Readings of — 50°F are about as frequent at stations in the high Arctic as in the recognized cold spots of the Yukon in December and January but are considerably more frequent in February and March. At the high Arctic stations of Eureka and Isachsen the longest uninterrupted spells with temperatures —50°F or lower, during the decade 1951-60, were four and five days respec tively. On one occasion, temperatures remained below — 40°F at Eureka during ten consecutive days. Several northern Arctic stations have failed to record temperatures higher than —30°F for periods up to 22 consecutive days. Sheltered interior locations on the larger islands are subject to greater cooling than are the coastal sites of the weather stations. -
Is 2019 Spring Ottawa Flood Caused by Climate Change?
IS 2019 SPRING OTTAWA FLOOD CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE? Xuebin Zhang, Climate Research Division Is this due to climate change? • A short answer: we don’t know. • A longer answer: there is no simple answer to this question (but this is not that useful at all). • What do we know? Canada has warmed, faster than the global average Annual • Annual average temperature in Canada has increased by 1.7◦C between 1948 and 2016. • Canada has warmed about two times the global rate. • Warming is not uniform across Canada. Northern Canada has warmed by 2.3◦C, about three times global warming. • Most of the observed increase in annual average temperature in Canada can be attributed to human influence 3 THE EFFECTS OF WIDESPREAD WARMING ARE EVIDENT ACROSS MANY INDICATORS. Changes in annual precipitation Length of growing season (days) 1948-2012 • Annual precipitation has increased in many regions since 1948. • Averaged over the country, normalized precipitation has increased by about 20% from 1948 to 2012. • An increase in growing season length of about 15 days between 1948 and 2016 has been observed. 9 The seasonal timing of peak streamflow has shifted, driven by warming temperatures. • Over the last several decades, spring peak streamflow following snowmelt has occurred earlier, with higher winter and early spring flows. In some areas, reduced summer flows have been observed. • Seasonal changes projected to continue, with shifts from more snowmelt-dominated regimes toward rainfall-dominated regimes. Most of the observed temperature increase can be attributed to human influence • Anthropogenic (human) activities explain most of the historical warming trend in annual average temperature, as well as for the hottest and coldest temperatures of the year • Natural external factors (solar and volcanic activity) play a very minor role 6 ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE HAS INCREASED THE LIKELIHOOD OF SOME TYPES OF EXTREME EVENTS. -
Geography-Of-Canada-Stations-Activity-Booklet
Geography of Canada Station 1 1. What 2 hemispheres is Canada located in? • ________________________________ • ________________________________ 2. What 3 oceans is Canada surrounded by? • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ 3. What country is located to the South of Canada? • ________________________________ 4. What 2 factors make trade & travel easy for Canadians? • ________________________________ • ________________________________ 5. Locate & Label Canada, the United States, the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, & the Arctic Ocean. Station 2 1. What type of climate does the southeastern part of Canada have? • ________________________________ 2. Humid Continental Climate has ______________ to ________________ summers & ________________winters. 3. Why does Canada have a low population compared to the size of the country? • _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 4. Shade in the area with a Polar Tundra Climate in dark blue. 5. Shade in the area with COLD & SNOWY climate in light blue Station 3 1. How many lakes make up the Great Lakes? 2. Complete the HOMES Acronym. • H________________________ • O ________________________ • M ________________________ • E ________________________ • S ________________________ 3. Why is this area known as the «industrial heartland» of the North American continent? 4. Most of Canada’s ____________________ lives in this region. 5. Locate & LABEL the ALL of the Great Lakes. 6. Color them -
Geography of Canada GEO421A
Prince Edward Island Social Studies Curriculum English Programs Social Studies Geography 421A Geography of CanadaS CURRICULUM GEO421A Geography of Canada i ii PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM: GEOGRAPHY 421A ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgments The Prince Edward Island Department of Education and Early Childhood Development acknowledges the contributions of the following educators in the development of the GEO421A–Geography of Canada curriculum guide. Jaime Cole Kinkora Regional HIgh School Bill MacKinnon Montague Senior High School Dannie Reid Bluefi eld High School Bethany Toombs Charlottetown Rural High School Bethany Doiron Secondary Social Studies Specialist, PEI Dept of Education and Early Childhood Development To those who contributed expertise in the Appendix section: Barrie Bennett, author of Beyond Monet: The Artful Science of Instructional Integration, who graciously and enthusiastically shared his work on Complex Organizers. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM: GEOGRAPHY 421A iii iv PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM: GEOGRAPHY 421A CONTENTS Contents Introduction Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Aims of Social Studies ...................................................................................................................... 1 Principles Underlying the Social Studies Curriculum ........................................................................2 Purpose of the GEO421A -
An Overview of Climate Change Induced Hydrological Variations in Canada for Irrigation Strategies
sustainability Review An Overview of Climate Change Induced Hydrological Variations in Canada for Irrigation Strategies Ahmad Zeeshan Bhatti 1,* , Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque 1,2, Nicholas Krouglicof 1, Qing Li 3, Wayne Peters 1, Farhat Abbas 2 and Bishnu Acharya 4 1 Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; [email protected] (A.A.F.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (W.P.) 2 School of Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; [email protected] 3 Department of Environment, Energy, and Climate Action, Government of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 7N8, Canada; [email protected] 4 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-(902)-566-6084 Abstract: Climate change is impacting different parts of Canada in a diverse manner. Impacts on temperature, precipitation, and stream flows have been reviewed and discussed region and province- wise. The average warming in Canada was 1.6 ◦C during the 20th century, which is 0.6 ◦C above the global average. Spatially, southern and western parts got warmer than others, and temporally winters got warmer than summers. Explicit implications include loss of Arctic ice @ 12.8% per decade, retreat of British Columbian glaciers @ 40–70 giga-tons/year, and sea level rise of 32 cm/20th century Citation: Bhatti, A.Z.; Farooque, on the east coast, etc. The average precipitation increased since 1950s from under 500 to around A.A.; Krouglicof, N.; Li, Q.; Peters, W.; 600 mm/year, with up to a 10% reduction in Prairies and up to a 35% increase in northern and Abbas, F.; Acharya, B.