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North Star MDS Micro Disk System Double Density
NorthSbrCompumlnc 2547 Ninth Street Berkeley, Co. 94710 MICRO-DISK SYSTEM MDS-A-D DOUBLE DENSITY Table of Contents Introduction. ..... • 2 Cautions ...... 2 Limited Hardware Warranty 3 Out of Warranty Repair .. 3 Limited Software Warranty 4 Software License ...•. 4 Parts List ........ 5 Assembly Information ••. 8 ,< Figure lA: Identification of Components 10 Assembly and Check-out Instructions 11 l System Integration .•••.... 22 , Theory of Operation ••••• 27 ! Appendix 1: Pulse Signal Detection 35 I Schematic Drawings ••.•••.• 36 -~ I ; Copyright 1978, North star Computers, Inc. MDS-D REVISION 2 25010 INTRODUCTION The North Star Micro-Disk System (MDS-A-O) is a complete floppy disk system for use with 5-100 bus computers. The system .• includes the disk controller board, one floppy disk drive, power regulation, cables, software and documentation. The software is provided on diskette and includes the North Star Disk Operating System, BASIC Language System, Monitor, and various utility programs. The system is capable of controlling up to four disk drives. Each disk drive can record 179,200 bytes of information on a diskette, thus allowing up to 716,800 bytes of on-line disk storage. Addition disk drives, AC power supplies, and cabinets are available as options If you have purchased the MDS-A-D as a kit, then first skim the entire manual. Be sure to carefully read the Assembly Information section before beginning assembly. If you have purchased the MDS-A-D in assembled form, you may skip the A Assembly section. ., CAUTIONS .- 1. Correct this document from the errata before doing anything else. 2. Do NOT insert or remove the MDS controller from the computer while the power is turned on. -
Considerations for Use of Microcomputers in Developing Countrystatistical Offices
Considerations for Use of Microcomputers in Developing CountryStatistical Offices Final Report Prepared by International Statistical Programs Center Bureau of the Census U.S. Department of Commerce Funded by Office of the Science Advisor (c Agency for International Development issued October 1983 IV U.S. Department of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary Clarence J. Brown, Deputy Secretary BUREAU OF THE CENSUS C.L. Kincannon, Deputy Director ACKNOWLEDGE ME NT S This study was conducted by the International Statistical Programs Center (ISPC) of the U.S. Bureau of the Census under Participating Agency Services Agreement (PASA) #STB 5543-P-CA-1100-O0, "Strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity: Low Cost Microcomputer Technology," with the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). Funding fcr this project was provided as a research grant from the Office of the Science Advisor of AID. The views and opinions expressed in this report, however, are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor. Project implementation was performed under general management of Robert 0. Bartram, Assistant Director for International Programs, and Karl K. Kindel, Chief ISPC. Winston Toby Riley III provided input as an independent consultant. Study activities and report preparation were accomplished by: Robert R. Bair -- Principal Investigator Barbara N. Diskin -- Project Leader/Principal Author Lawrence I. Iskow -- Author William K. Stuart -- Author Rodney E. Butler -- Clerical Assistant Jerry W. Richards -- Clerical Assistant ISPC would like to acknowledge the many microcomputer vendors, software developers, users, the United Nations Statistical Office, and AID staff and contractors that contributed to the knowledge and experiences of the study team. -
Pc Magazine Idi
I I I SOFTWARE • • 1 Blazing Data! 9 LAN Accounting I •I FoxPro Sets a New Packages That • I L-I Speed Standard in Can Save Your • J The Database Race Company Big Bucks r-I CONNECTIVITY I _ UTILITIES • I I • J Protecting Out of Disk Space? Your Network: Scrunch Fi'les Down 10 PC Workstations With PKZIP, ARC Plus, Bu ilt for Security LHA, and PAK OCTOBER 15, 1991 THE INDEPENDENT GUIDE TO PERSONAL COMPUTING VOLUME 10 NUMBER 17 ~ DIFFER,EN·12.-10~ 5 Yesl BETTER? Maybe. COVER STORY loptop-totlng rood warriors want something ()DDIJ~ IllID~U smaller than desktop mice, with shorter cords. Different, Yes. Enter the portable es. pointlng device. Id Better, Maybe. PC Lobs tests nine mini-trackballs, ifl dwarf mice, mouse pens, polm-size joystlcks, and related contraptions. Rube Goldberg would be amused. p. But will you if it be impressed? ta the u Who says the computer industry doesn't have a s )s, sense of humor? Just take a gander at some of the mouse alternatives that have become available for users of laptop and notebook computers. d They're-well, different. Quirky. md The category known as portable pointing devices evolved because of low-level dissatisfaction with ur mainstream desktop devices such as the Microsoft and Logitech mice. Some laptop users find them BY BILL HOWARD OCTOBER 15, 1991 PC MAGAZINE IDI lion, • • • PORTABLE POINTING DEVICES bulkier than necessary and the cords far ing devices starts and ends with the tradi too long. When you fly coach and your tional desktop mouse. -
Western Digital
-<;r ( ( ) 581600 PASCAl/ADA LANGUAGE SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER 8ISi!4a".iJUJ!C!Sit1:tW&e~,!~~~~naJIltMq$d !MItIDlt'.... 'm,."mn fI:c<.~ WESTERN DIGITAL c o R p o R A T / o N I/O MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS .>t·Three level interrupt structure supporting disk and I/O • Length: 16 Inches Advanced Systems Division operations. Level 0 is used internally by the system. 8 inches o o • Width: t' "M _.vnpen ., = f'¥'X'" *'1 Level 1 and level 2 are reserved for future user expansion • Height: 1.5 inches and optional real time clock. OJ Two asynchronous, full duplex RS232-C serial 110 ports. Q) Programmable 1, 1 1/2 or 2 stop bi ts, 5 to 8 bit characters ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS 0: and baud rates of 5O-19.2K are provided. The baud rate • Temperature: coW for system console port A is switch selectable; Port B is O' C to + 50' C(Operating) o software selectable. - 20' C to + 100' C(Non-operating) I () 22 bit parallel 110 port: 8 output lines, 8 input lines and 6 • Humidity: o control lines. Centronics printer compatible. 10 - 90% (Non-condensing) • 100 pin edge connector for testing and system expan 581600 sion. Includes full address, data and control lines, bus grant DMA handshake and interrupt daisy chain. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS .. 24 pin stacking connector for future calendar clock/data • Power requirements PASCAL/ADA LANGUAGE encryption add-on. VOLTAGE CURRENT +5VDC ± 1% 3.5A, 50mv, pop max SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER +15VDC ± 5% 0.45A, Unregulated -15VDC ± 5% 0.14A, Unregulated CONNECTORS DISK INTERFACE • Serial port: Standard RS232 "D" Type 25 pin connector • Supports up to four double sided, double density 8-inch • Parallel ports: Standard "D" Type 37 pin connector floppy disk drives providing a total formatted capacity of • Floppy Interface: Industry standard flat ribbon, mass 4 megabytes. -
PC Watch Monthly Newsletter
Perspectives PC Watch Monthly Newsletter PC Watch provides an invaluable source of information on European PC Production and related issues. This Neiusletter brings together the combined intelligence of the Worldwide Electronics Applications Group and the Worldwide Personal Computer Group. Packard Bell Acquires Zenith Data Systems Page 1 Intel Introduces Fourth Generation Pentium Chip Sets Page 2 Memory Developments in the PC Market Page 3 Intel's Motherboard Operation's Semiconductor TAM Page 5 Dell Computer Corporation—Channels and Manufacturing Page 7 Packard Bell Acquires Zenith Data Systems Packard Bell, Groupe Bull and NEC have reached an agreement that gives Packard Bell control of the Bull subsidiary. Zenith Data Systems (ZDS). Under the agreement, NEC will contribute $283 million in new investment alongside Bull's transfer of ZDS, which is valued at $367 milUon. Groupe Bull and NEC will receive convertible preference shares in the combined organization, giv ing each 19.9 percent of the new company, just below the 20 percent level at which they would have to consolidate the new company's results in their own figures. Dataquest estimates that Packard Bell was the world's fourth-largest PC maker in 1995 and the second-largest behind Compaq in the United States. ZDS was the thirteenth-largest PC vendor in the world and fourteenth in the United States. Combining their shipments would still leave Packard Bell fourth in the world. It would, however, become the largest PC vendor in the United States. In Europe Packard Bell was seventh and ZDS was thirteenth. Combining the two w^ould result in them rising to fourth position after Compaq, IBM and Apple. -
Learning to Code
PART ILEARNING TO CODE How Important is Programming? “To understand computers is to know about programming. The world is divided… into people who have written a program and people who have not.” Ted Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines (1974) How important is it for you to learn to program a computer? Since the introduction of the first digital electronic computers in the 1940s, people have answered this question in surprisingly different ways. During the first wave of commercial computing—in the 1950s and 1960s, when 1large and expensive mainframe computers filled entire rooms—the standard advice was that only a limited number of specialists would be needed to program com- puters using simple input devices like switches, punched cards, and paper tape. Even during the so-called “golden age” of corporate computing in America—the mid- to late 1960s—it was still unclear how many programming technicians would be needed to support the rapid computerization of the nation’s business, military, and commercial operations. For a while, some experts thought that well-designed computer systems might eventually program themselves, requiring only a handful of attentive managers to keep an eye on the machines. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, the rapid emergence of personal computers (PCs), and continuing shortages of computer professionals, shifted popular thinking on the issue. When consumers began to adopt low-priced PCs like the Apple II (1977), the IBM PC (1981), and the Commodore 64 (1982) by the millions, it seemed obvious that ground-breaking changes were afoot. The “PC Revolution” opened up new frontiers, employed tens of thousands of people, and (according to some enthusiasts) demanded new approaches to computer literacy. -
Suneel Kumar Khurmi, B.Sc.(Eng), A.C.G.I
THE MICROPROCESSOR AND COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE by Suneel Kumar Khurmi, B.Sc.(Eng), A.C.G.I. September 1982 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Membership of the Imperial College. Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College of Science and Technology University of London - 2 - ABSTRACT The thesis describes the design, implementation and application of software for a low cost microcomputer based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM) system. The CAD workstation consists of a Motorola 68B09 8-bit microcomputer, a floppy disc, a Hewlett-Packard graphics ^ VDU, a printer and a plotter. The Numerical Control system consists of a hierarchical multi-microcomputer control system on a retrofitted Student Colchester lathe and a Bridgeport milling machine. t The CAD and NC part-programming software consists of several packages which assist the operator through the conceptual realms of product design and manufacture. They assist in the storage of the geometrical and technological information associated with the product, geometrical t editing, draughting, design analysis, cutter path derivation, NC simulation and part program generation. These packages are executed sequentially to produce 2/2^ dimensional NC part programs for a variety of machine tools, for example the Colchester and Bridgeport machines. Most of the packages are modular and have been developed in * , the high level language Pascal to maintain system modularity, flexibility and expandability. - 3 - ABSTRACT The thesis is subdivided into four main sections. The first section introduces the reader to microprocessors, CAD, CAM and the implications associated with CAD/CAM integration. -
Virtual Memory for Microcomputers (MMU Comparison)
Virtual Memory for Microcomputers Four New Memory-Management Chips Pave the Way Stephen Schmitt 2890 Sandhill Rd. Mason, MI 48854 Not too long ago, a microcomputer one answer. Virtual memory is an NS16082 is another interesting MMU system with 32K bytes of memory automatic system for controlling very that merits analysis.] Finally, I will was considered a luxury. Because big memories. But special hardware discuss some implications and ap memory was very expensive, you functions are essential for building plications of virtual memory in took great pains to squeeze, pack, such a system. And now, single-chip microcomputer systems. and cram programs into the small memory-management units (MMUs) amount of memory that you could af have been developed to provide these Program Folding ford. Today, however, you can buy capabilities for microcomputers. Almost every computer system has 256K bytes for less than $500. And In the first part of this article, I will several types of memory devices that new 16- and 32-bit microcomputers introduce some of the basic concepts differ in speed and storage capacity. feature directly addressable storage A fundamental tenet of computer spaces that are 100 to 10,000 times technology states that memory price larger than those found in 8-bit archi Virtual memory is a is directly related to its speed. Storage tectures. Like the pauper who just powerful concept. It hierarchies thus usually represent an became rich, how do you handle this allows you to consider effective compromise between a vast wealth? large, slow, inexpensive memory and Another drastic change in the main memory to be a small, expensive one with high ac microcomputer world deals with soft very large-much larger cess speed. -
(J. Bayko) Date: 12 Jun 92 18:49:18 GMT Newsgroups: Alt.Folklore.Computers,Comp.Arch Subject: Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present
From: [email protected] (J. Bayko) Date: 12 Jun 92 18:49:18 GMT Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.arch Subject: Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present I had planned to submit an updated version of the Great Microprocessor list after I’d completed adding new processors, checked out little bits, and so on... That was going to take a while... But then I got to thinking of all the people stuck with the origional error-riddled version. All these poor people who’d kept it, or perhaps placed in in an FTP site, or even - using it for reference??! In good conscience, I decided I can’t leave that erratic old version lying out there, where people might think it’s accurate. So here is an interim release. There will be more to it later - the 320xx will be included eventually, for example. But at least this has been debugged greatly. Enjoy... John Bayko. — Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present (V 3.2.1) Section One: Before the Great Dark Cloud. ————————— Part I: The Intel 4004 (1972) The first single chip CPU was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit processor meant for a calculator. It processed data in 4 bits, but its instructions were 8 bits long. Internally, it featured four 12 bit(?) registers which acted as an internal evaluation stack. The Stack Pointer pointed to one of these registers, not a memory location (only CALL and RET instructions operated on the Stack Pointer). There were also sixteen 4-bit (or eight 8-bit) general purpose registers The 4004 had 46 instructions. -
A History of the Personal Computer Index/11
A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer. -
Rodnay Zaks 51 0 1 1 5 V O U * * *
6502 rodnay zaks 51 0 1 1 5 v o u * * * 6502 GAMES RODNAY ZAKS 6502 SERIES - VOLUME 4 The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Chris Williams and Eric Novikoff, who thoroughly checked all of the games programs and contributed numerous ideas for improvements. The author is particularly indebted to Eric Novikoff for his valuable assistance through out all phases of the manuscript’s production, and for his meticulous supervision of the final text. Notice SYM is a trademark of Synertek Systems, Inc. KIM is a trademark of MOS Technology, Inc. A1M65 is a trademark of Rockwell International, Inc. “ COMPUTEACHER” and “ GAMES BOARD” are trademarks of Sybex, Inc. Cover Design by Daniel Le Noury Technical Illustrations by Guy S. Orcutt and J. Trujillo Smith Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However, Sybex assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which would result. No license is granted by the equipment manu facturers under any patent or patent rights. Manufacturers reserve the right to change circuitry at any time without notice. Copyright © 1980 SYBEX Inc. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Card Number: 80-50896 ISBN 0-89588-022-9 Printed in the United States of America Printing 10 987654321 CONTENTS PREFACE..............................................................................................ix 1. INTRODUCTION....... -
Altogether Volume 3 Issue 4 April 1989
ALTOCETHER m 00 ALTOCETHER m ~ ALTOCETHER ~ ALTOCETHER Q. « o. ALTOCETHER • Here I sit with (3) 190 meg hard disks in my 2086 ALTOCETHER o:::t and a 60 meg tape drive. This is driving me crazy with ALTOCETHER Q) all the tapes I'm using. Is there an alternative to the ::J 60 meg tape? Will the 150 meg tape drive for a VI ALTOCETHER VI 2000 work? ALTOCETHER • A. N') ALTOCETHER No. The 150 meg tape drive for a Series 2000 Q) ALTOCETHER will not work. The 150 meg tape uses the SCSI inter E face and this is not available for use on a 2086 (or ALTOCETHER ::J 1086, 3086, or 3068 for that matter>. A 125 meg 0 ALTOCETHER > tape drive is available (just recently) that will work. ALTOCETHER It will work on all models currently using the 60 meg tape, including the 686T and 986T, which is ALTOCETHER nice if you have multiple hard drives or a 190 meg ALTOCETHER hard disk. ALTOCETHER ASK DR. ALBERT ALTOCETHER o. ALTOCETHER o. I have need of a lot of storage on my 1086. I don't I have a 70 meg hard disk in my Series 500 and I want to upgrade to a 2000 to get the 380 meg hard ALTOCETHER want to add another 70 meg hard disk. Where disk because I don't need the horsepower. Can I ALTOCETHER do I put it? put larger than a 170 meg hard disk? ALTOCETHER A. A. ALTOCETHER You don't have space for another fUll height Yes.