Warum Unix-Ports Pascal Bis Oberon in Der Bremer Informatik
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Methods for Fitting the Linear Ballistic Accumulator
Behavior Research Methods 2009, 41 (4), 1095-1110 doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1095 Getting more from accuracy and response time data: Methods for fitting the linear ballistic accumulator CHRIS DONKIN , LEE A VERE ll , SC OTT BROWN , A N D A N D REW HE ATH C OTE University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Cognitive models of the decision process provide greater insight into response time and accuracy than do stan- dard ANOVA techniques. However, such models can be mathematically and computationally difficult to apply. We provide instructions and computer code for three methods for estimating the parameters of the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA), a new and computationally tractable model of decisions between two or more choices. These methods—a Microsoft Excel worksheet, scripts for the statistical program R, and code for implementation of the LBA into the Bayesian sampling software WinBUGS—vary in their flexibility and user accessibility. We also provide scripts in R that produce a graphical summary of the data and model predictions. In a simulation study, we explored the effect of sample size on parameter recovery for each method. The materials discussed in this article may be downloaded as a supplement from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. Many tasks used in experimental psychology involve edly samples information from the environment and that participants making relatively simple decisions, for which this information is used as evidence for one of the potential the experimenter measures the response times (RTs) and responses. As soon as the evidence in favor of one potential the accuracy of the responses. -
Language-Level Support for Exploratory Programming of Distributed Virtual Environments
In Proc ACM UIST ‘96 (Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology), Seattle, WA, November 6–8, 1996, pp. 83–94. Language-Level Support for Exploratory Programming of Distributed Virtual Environments Blair MacIntyre and Steven Feiner Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 {bm,feiner}@cs.columbia.edu http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~{bm,feiner} Abstract resulted in an unmanageable welter of client-server relation- ships, with each of a dozen or more processes needing to We describe COTERIE, a toolkit that provides language- create and maintain explicit connections to each other and to level support for building distributed virtual environments. handle inevitable crashes. COTERIE is based on the distributed data-object paradigm for distributed shared memory. Any data object in COTE- We spent a sufficiently large portion of our time reengineer- RIE can be declared to be a Shared Object that is replicated ing client-server code that it became clear to us that our fully in any process that is interested in it. These Shared implementation of the client-server model was unsuitable Objects support asynchronous data propagation with atomic for exploratory programming of distributed research proto- serializable updates, and asynchronous notification of types. The heart of the problem, as we saw it, was a lack of updates. COTERIE is built in Modula-3 and uses existing support for data sharing that was both efficient and easy for Modula-3 packages that support an integrated interpreted programmers to use in the face of frequent and unantici- language, multithreading, and 3D animation. Unlike other pated changes. -
Western Digital
-<;r ( ( ) 581600 PASCAl/ADA LANGUAGE SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER 8ISi!4a".iJUJ!C!Sit1:tW&e~,!~~~~naJIltMq$d !MItIDlt'.... 'm,."mn fI:c<.~ WESTERN DIGITAL c o R p o R A T / o N I/O MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS .>t·Three level interrupt structure supporting disk and I/O • Length: 16 Inches Advanced Systems Division operations. Level 0 is used internally by the system. 8 inches o o • Width: t' "M _.vnpen ., = f'¥'X'" *'1 Level 1 and level 2 are reserved for future user expansion • Height: 1.5 inches and optional real time clock. OJ Two asynchronous, full duplex RS232-C serial 110 ports. Q) Programmable 1, 1 1/2 or 2 stop bi ts, 5 to 8 bit characters ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS 0: and baud rates of 5O-19.2K are provided. The baud rate • Temperature: coW for system console port A is switch selectable; Port B is O' C to + 50' C(Operating) o software selectable. - 20' C to + 100' C(Non-operating) I () 22 bit parallel 110 port: 8 output lines, 8 input lines and 6 • Humidity: o control lines. Centronics printer compatible. 10 - 90% (Non-condensing) • 100 pin edge connector for testing and system expan 581600 sion. Includes full address, data and control lines, bus grant DMA handshake and interrupt daisy chain. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS .. 24 pin stacking connector for future calendar clock/data • Power requirements PASCAL/ADA LANGUAGE encryption add-on. VOLTAGE CURRENT +5VDC ± 1% 3.5A, 50mv, pop max SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER +15VDC ± 5% 0.45A, Unregulated -15VDC ± 5% 0.14A, Unregulated CONNECTORS DISK INTERFACE • Serial port: Standard RS232 "D" Type 25 pin connector • Supports up to four double sided, double density 8-inch • Parallel ports: Standard "D" Type 37 pin connector floppy disk drives providing a total formatted capacity of • Floppy Interface: Industry standard flat ribbon, mass 4 megabytes. -
The Zonnon Project: a .NET Language and Compiler Experiment
The Zonnon Project: A .NET Language and Compiler Experiment Jürg Gutknecht Vladimir Romanov Eugene Zueff Swiss Fed Inst of Technology Moscow State University Swiss Fed Inst of Technology (ETH) Computer Science Department (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland Moscow, Russia Zürich, Switzerland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Zonnon is a new programming language that combines the style and the virtues of the Pascal family with a number of novel programming concepts and constructs. It covers a wide range of programming models from algorithms and data structures to interoperating active objects in a distributed system. In contrast to popular object-oriented languages, Zonnon propagates a symmetric compositional inheritance model. In this paper, we first give a brief overview of the language and then focus on the implementation of the compiler and builder on top of .NET, with a particular emphasis on the use of the MS Common Compiler Infrastructure (CCI). The Zonnon compiler is an interesting showcase for the .NET interoperability platform because it implements a non-trivial but still “natural” mapping from the language’s intrinsic object model to the underlying CLR. Keywords Oberon, Zonnon, Compiler, Common Compiler Infrastructure (CCI), Integration. 1. INTRODUCTION: THE BRIEF CCI and b) to experiment with evolutionary language HISTORY OF THE PROJECT concepts. The notion of active object was taken from the Active Oberon language [Gut01]. In addition, two This is a technical paper presenting and describing new concurrency mechanisms have been added: an the current state of the Zonnon project. Zonnon is an accompanying communication mechanism based on evolution of the Pascal, Modula, Oberon language syntax-oriented protocols , borrowed from the Active line [Wir88]. -
MODULA-2 TRANSLATOR USER's MANUAL First Edition May 1986
LOGITECH SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LIBRARY PASCAL TO MODULA-2 TRANSLATOR USER'S MANUAL First Edition May 1986 Copyright (C) 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 LOGITECH, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of LOGITECH, Inc. LOGITECH, MODULA-2186,and MODULA-2IVX86 are trademarks ofLOGITECH, Inc. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark ofIntel Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark ofInternational Business Machines Corporation. Turbo Pascal is a registered trademark ofBorland International, Inc. LOGITECH, Inc. makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. LOGITECH, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. From time to time changes may occur in the filenames and in the files actually included on the distribution disks. LOGITECH, Inc. makes no warranties that such files or facilities as mentioned in this documentation exist on the distribution disks or as part of the materials distributed. LU-GUllO-1 Initial issue: May 1986 Reprinted: September 1987 This edition applies to Release 1.00 or later of the software. ii TRANSLATOR Preface LOGITECH'S POLICIES AND SERVICES Congratulations on the purchase of your LOGITECH Pascal To Modula-2 Translator. Please refer to the following infonnation for details about LOGITECH's policies and services. We feel that effective communication with our customers is the key to quality service. -
MODULA a Language for Modular Multiprogramming, Wirth, 1976
Research Collection Report MODULA a language for modular multiprogramming Author(s): Wirth, Niklaus Publication Date: 1976 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000199440 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library ~ idgenöss · ische ·Institut T echnisc ~he für. Hochschule Informatik Zürich MODULA: A language formodular multiprogramming ~~8rz 1976 18 ~ ., ' , „· Eidgenössische Institut Technische für Hochschule Informatik Zürich Niklaus Wirth MODULA: A language formodular multiprogramming - 1 - N .Wirth Abstract This paper defines a language called Modula, which is intended primarily for programming dedicated computer systems, including process control systems on smaller machines. The language is largely based on Pascal, but in addition to conventional block ) structure it introduces a so - called module structure . A module is a set of procedures, data types, and variables, where the programmer has precise control over the names that are imported from and exported to the environment. Modula includes general multiprocessing facilities, namely processes , interfacp, modules, and Signals . It also allows the specification of facilities that represent a computer ' s specific peripheral devices . Those given in this paper pertain to the PDP - 11. Author ' s address: Institut für Informatik , ETH , CH-8092 Zürich - 2 - Coaten ts 1. Introduction 3 2. 0 verview 5 3. Notation for syotactic description 10 4. Language vocabulary and representation 10 5. Facilities for sequential programmiog 12 1. Constant declarations 12 2. Type declarations 12 1 • Basic types 13 2. E n um e ratio n s 13 3. -
Suneel Kumar Khurmi, B.Sc.(Eng), A.C.G.I
THE MICROPROCESSOR AND COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE by Suneel Kumar Khurmi, B.Sc.(Eng), A.C.G.I. September 1982 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Membership of the Imperial College. Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College of Science and Technology University of London - 2 - ABSTRACT The thesis describes the design, implementation and application of software for a low cost microcomputer based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM) system. The CAD workstation consists of a Motorola 68B09 8-bit microcomputer, a floppy disc, a Hewlett-Packard graphics ^ VDU, a printer and a plotter. The Numerical Control system consists of a hierarchical multi-microcomputer control system on a retrofitted Student Colchester lathe and a Bridgeport milling machine. t The CAD and NC part-programming software consists of several packages which assist the operator through the conceptual realms of product design and manufacture. They assist in the storage of the geometrical and technological information associated with the product, geometrical t editing, draughting, design analysis, cutter path derivation, NC simulation and part program generation. These packages are executed sequentially to produce 2/2^ dimensional NC part programs for a variety of machine tools, for example the Colchester and Bridgeport machines. Most of the packages are modular and have been developed in * , the high level language Pascal to maintain system modularity, flexibility and expandability. - 3 - ABSTRACT The thesis is subdivided into four main sections. The first section introduces the reader to microprocessors, CAD, CAM and the implications associated with CAD/CAM integration. -
(J. Bayko) Date: 12 Jun 92 18:49:18 GMT Newsgroups: Alt.Folklore.Computers,Comp.Arch Subject: Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present
From: [email protected] (J. Bayko) Date: 12 Jun 92 18:49:18 GMT Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.arch Subject: Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present I had planned to submit an updated version of the Great Microprocessor list after I’d completed adding new processors, checked out little bits, and so on... That was going to take a while... But then I got to thinking of all the people stuck with the origional error-riddled version. All these poor people who’d kept it, or perhaps placed in in an FTP site, or even - using it for reference??! In good conscience, I decided I can’t leave that erratic old version lying out there, where people might think it’s accurate. So here is an interim release. There will be more to it later - the 320xx will be included eventually, for example. But at least this has been debugged greatly. Enjoy... John Bayko. — Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present (V 3.2.1) Section One: Before the Great Dark Cloud. ————————— Part I: The Intel 4004 (1972) The first single chip CPU was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit processor meant for a calculator. It processed data in 4 bits, but its instructions were 8 bits long. Internally, it featured four 12 bit(?) registers which acted as an internal evaluation stack. The Stack Pointer pointed to one of these registers, not a memory location (only CALL and RET instructions operated on the Stack Pointer). There were also sixteen 4-bit (or eight 8-bit) general purpose registers The 4004 had 46 instructions. -
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data Management System
NASA'S MISSION TO PLANET EARTH EARTH PROBES EOS DATA INFORMATION SYSTEM EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data Management System View HDF User's Guide S RA TH DIA AR N E T E E N H E T R D G N Y A CERES S S Y D S U T E O M L Version 5.0 C November 2007 NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data Management System View_Hdf User’s Guide Version 5.0 Primary Author Kam-Pui Lee Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI) One Enterprise Parkway Hampton, Virginia 23666 November 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 Introduction . 1 2.0 Installation . 2 3.0 How to Start . 4 4.0 GUI Description . 12 4.1 Main Menu . 15 4.2 Select Function Menu . 68 4.3 Plot Window Menu . 92 5.0 Recognized Variable Names . 107 6.0 Configuration File . 111 7.0 Examples . 114 8.0 References . 132 9.0 List of Acronyms . 133 10.0 Data Center/Data Access Information . 134 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Fig. 3-1. Main Menu . 4 Fig. 3-2. File Menu . 5 Fig. 3-3. Select File Window . 5 Fig. 3-4. List SDS and Vdata Names . 6 Fig. 3-5. SDS Range Input Window . 7 Fig. 3-6. Import SDS . 7 Fig. 3-7. Vdata Fields Window . 8 Fig. 3-8. Vdata Field Range Window . 8 Fig. 3-9. -
Extensibility in the Oberon System
Nordic Journal of Computing 1(1994), 77{93. EXTENSIBILITY IN THE OBERON SYSTEM HANSPETER MOSSENB¨ OCK¨ ∗ Institute for Computer Systems ETH Zurich¨ CH{8092 Zurich¨ Switzerland Abstract. We show how an object-oriented system-and in particular the Oberon System-can be used to write software that is extensible by end users even while the software is running. Extensibility instead of completeness may be a way out of the unpleasant situation in software industry where applications still tend to become bigger every year. Oberon is both an object-oriented programming language and an operating system with new concepts such as commands and dynamic loading. The language and the system make up an environment that is similar to Smalltalk in its flexibility but offers static type-checking and is much more efficient. CR Classification: D.2.2, D.1.5 1. Introduction Ambitious software systems with large functionality and thousands of users can hardly be designed in a form that meets all future needs from the be- ginning. It is impossible to foresee all the ways in which such systems will be used so that requests for extensions will arise naturally. Current software industry tries to cope with this problem by including as many features as possible into a software system. This leads to huge monolithic software that offers amazing functionality but still leaves some users disappointed because it typically lacks just their favorite feature. The opposite approach is to design a system only as a minimal kernel and to provide means to extend it. This allows vendors and even users to add more functionality later without bothering other users which do not need it. -
Towards Mathix / Math-X, a Computer Algebra Language That Can Create Its Own Operating System, and That Is Amazingly User- Friendly and Secure
Towards Mathix / Math-x, a computer algebra language that can create its own operating system, and that is amazingly user- friendly and secure Thomas Colignatus, August 19 2009, some clarifications August 23 2009 http://www.dataweb.nl/~cool Summary Given the current supply and demand for computer languages and systems, there is a clear window of opportunity for the software community to collaborate and create Mathix and Math-x. The base would be Oberon, which itself derives from Algol / Pascal / Modula and which is better designed than Unix / Linux, and which now has the system Bluebottle / A2 at http://bluebottle.ethz.ch. Mathix is defined as Oberon/A2 extended with a suitable computer algebra language (say, CAL). Math-x is defined as Minix ported to Oberon/A2 (via Cyclone) and extended with that CAL. Mathix and Math-x thus can create their own OS. Mathix and Math-x are flexible in that they contain both a strongly typed dialect relevant for OS creation (current Oberon) and a more flexible dialect relevant for the human user (CAL, to be created). The dialects have much syntax in common but the CAL allows more flexibility. The CAL is internally translated into Oberon/A2 which allows compilation as well. 2 2009-08-23-Math-x.nb Note This paper is best understood in the context of my book Elegance with Substance on mathematics education - see http://www.dataweb.nl/~cool/Papers/Math/Index.html. My book advises that each national parliament investigates the stagnation in doing mathematics on the computer in school. This paper suggests how the software community might anticipate on common sense conclusions and start working on improvement. -
Report on the Programming Language Modula-2
The Programming language Modula-2 133 Report on the Programming Language Modula-2 1. Introduction Modula-2 grew out of a practical need for a general, efficiently implementable systems programming language for minicomputers. Its ancestors are Pascal and Modula. From the latter It has inherited the name, the important module concept, and a systematic, modern syntax, from Pascal most of the rest. This includes in particular the data structures, I.e. arrays, records, variant records, sets, and pointers. Structured statements include the familiar if, case, repeat, while, for, and with statements. Their syntax is such that every structure ends with an explicit termination symbol. The language is essentially machine-independent, with the exception of limitations due to word size. This appears to be in contradiction to the notion of a system-programming language, in which it must be possible to express all operations inherent in the underlying computer. The dilemma is resolved with the aid of the module concept. Machine-dependent items can be introduced in specific modules, and their use can thereby effectively be confined and isolated. In particular, the language provides the possibility to relax rules about data type compatibility in these cases. In a capable system-programming language it is possible to express input/output conversion procedures, file handling routines, storage allocators, process schedulers etc. Such facilities must therefore not be included as elements of the language itself, but appear as (so-called low-level) modules which are components of most programs written. Such a collection of standard modules is therefore an essential part of a Modula-2 implementation.