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EVERY INFORMATION YOU NEED RELATED TO YOUR EXAMS CURRENT AFFAIRS 100 PRACTICE QUESTIONS INCLUDED JANUARY 2021 VASHISHTH ACADEMY VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com PREFACE This is our special edition of Current Affairs Magazine for UPSC Civil Services Examination & Other Central & State Government Job Examinations, released for the month of January 2021. The Magazine is divided into three sections: Section 1: Topic Wise Current Affairs in Short ………………………….Page 2 to Page 132 The first section is dedicated for Topic Wise 1 Liner Current Affairs to provide information about all major happenings in this month. Section 2: Detailed Analysis of important events …………………Page 133 to Page 171 The Second Section is dedicated to Civil Services Aspirants and covers some major happenings in this month along with analysis. The Content part has been created as per the present shift in the examination pattern of the Civil Services Examination. The magazine will cover your syllabus of ‘General Studies - II & General Studies – III. The content has been covered from various online & offline sources including reputed newspapers like The Hindu, Indian Express etc. All the news topics have been explained keeping in mind their underlying issues. Every issue has been covered comprehensively. Some of the information provided may not be directly relevant for the examination. As the content is very wide, we have only covered a limited set of issues. You can utilize it smarty along with the Daily Study of News Papers as well as your other sources. Section 3: Practice Questions………………………………………………Page 172 to Page 209 The Third Section contains 100 Multiple Choice Questions based on daily current affairs. 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 1 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com SECTION 1 Topic Wise Current Affairs in short 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 2 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com IMPORTANT DAYS DRDO Celebrates 63rd Foundation Day on 1st January 2021 World Braille Day is observed globally on 4th January since 2019. The day is celebrated to raise awareness of the importance of Braille as a means of communication in the full realization of the human rights for blind and partially sighted people. The day is marked remembering the The Defence Research and birth anniversary of Louis Braille, the Development Organisation inventor of Braille – for people with (DRDO) observed the 63rd Foundation visual disabilities. Louis Braille was born Day of its establishment on January 01, on 4th January 1809 in the town of 2021. Coupvray in northern France. DRDO was established in 1958 with just 10 laboratories to enhance the research work in the Defence sector. At that time, PravasiBharatiya Divas celebrated on 9 it was tasked with designing and January developing cutting edge defence technologies for Indian Armed Forces. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: Secretary Department of Defence Research and Development & Chairman DRDO: Dr G Satheesh Reddy. DRDO Headquarters: New Delhi. DRDO Established: 1958. World Braille Day: 4 January PravasiBharatiya Divas or NRI Day is celebrated every year on January 9 to mark the contribution of the overseas Indian community in the development of India. The day is celebrated every year 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 3 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com to mark the contribution of the overseas be noted that the National Hindi Day is Indian community in the development of celebrated in India on September India. 14 every year. On that day in 1949, the The aim of celebrating the day is to constituent assembly adopted Hindi, provide a platform for NRI to express written in Devanagari script, as the their perceptions about India and official language of the Union. thereby involve them in Indian developmental activities. The theme of National Youth Day: 12 January 16th PravasiBharatiya Divas Convention 2021 is “Contributing to Aatmanirbhar Bharat”. The PravasiBharatiya Divas is celebrated on January 9, as Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa on the day in 1915. In 2015, the day was declared biennial. In 2018, the day was widely celebrated in Singapore. In 2019, the event was celebrated in Varanasi. “World Hindi Day” celebrated globally on National Youth Day is celebrated in 10th January India every year on 12 January to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. The day was declared by the Government of India in 1984 while the event was first celebrated in 1985. The main aim behind this is to make sure that the students across the country can be encouraged to learn about the life, the ideas and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda and apply them in their lives. In 2021, we are observing 158th birth The World Hindi Day is celebrated anniversary of Swami Vivekanand (12 annually on January 10 since 2006 to January 1863). The theme for National promote the language at the global Youth Day 2021 is ‘Channelizing stage. Youth Power for Nation Building‘. The day marks the anniversary of Important takeaways for all competitive first World Hindi Conference which was inaugurated on January 10, exams: 1975, by the then prime minister Indira Swami Vivekananda founded the Gandhi. Ramakrishna Math and Mission on 1 However, the celebration of first World May 1897. Hindi Day was commenced on 10 In 1898, he established Belur Math. January 2006 by former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh. It must National Road Safety Month 2021: 18 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 4 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com In India, the Armed Forces Veterans January – 17 February Day is observed each year on 14 January since 2017 to acknowledge and honour the selfless devotion and sacrifice of our veterans in the service of the nation. The day was initially called Armistice Day. 2021 marks the 5th Armed Forces Veterans Day. The day is observed as a mark of respect and recognition of the services rendered by Field Marshal KM Cariappa OBE, the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces who retired on 14 The Ministry of Road Transport & January 1953. Highways observes the National Road Indian Army Day: 15 January Safety Week every year in the second week of January. However, in 2021, the Government has decided to observe National Road Safety Month instead of National Road Safety Week. Accordingly, the National Road Safety Month will be observed from 18th January, 2021′ to 17th February’ 2021. During this period nation-wide various activities will be conducted throughout the country in association with the Central/ State Governments/ UT administrations, and other stakeholders. Armed Forces Veterans Day: 14 January The Army Day in India is celebrated on 15 January every year, to salute the valiant soldiers who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and its citizens. This year marks the 73rd Indian Army Day. The Army Day is celebrated at all Army Command headquarters to honour our country’s soldiers who set the greatest example of selfless service and brotherhood, and above all, love for the country. The day is marked to commemorate the day when General (later Field Marshal) KM Carriappa took over the command 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 5 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com of Army from General Sir FRR Bucher, the last British Commander-in-Chief in 1949 and became the first Commander-in-Chief of Indian Army post Independence. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: 28th Chief of Army Staff: General Manoj Mukund Naravane. NDRF Celebrates its 16th Raising Day Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s, 125th birth anniversary on 23 January 2021 is observed as ParakramDiwas. The day is celebrated to honour and remember Netaji’s indomitable spirit and selfless service to the nation. Netaji’ was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack in Odisha. He graduated from Kolkata and proved his mettle by becoming an Indian Civil Services (ICS) officer. But he left the comfort and The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) celebrated its 16th amenities that came with his job and Raising Day on 18th January. decided to be part of the freedom struggle. National Disaster Response Force With the slogan (NDRF), a specialized multi-skilled, “Give me blood and I he awakened humanitarian force of the country, came will give you freedom”, into existence on January 19th, the country towards fighting against the 2006 has been playing a vital role in British. Netaji built a force known as the Azad Disaster Management and Community Hind Fauj (Indian National awareness for Disaster Risk Reduction Army) giving the slogan (DRR) in the country. of “DilliChalo”. Thousands of soldiers of his 60,000-strong army sacrificed Parakramdiwas is celebrated on 23 January their lives for the country. National Voters’ Day observed on 25 January 2nd floor, Opposite Govt. College for Boys College road. Ldh. / 36 Puda Market. Field Ganj Near Civil Hospital Ldh Page 6 VASHISHTH ACADEMY www.vashishthacademy.com the importance of tourism for the country’s economy. The day is observed to cultivate awareness among the global community on the importance of tourism and its social, political, financial and cultural worth. India offers several forms of tourism such as cultural, nature, heritage, educational, business, sports, rural, medical, cruise, and eco-tourism. India observes “National Voters’ The ministry of tourism is the nodal Day” every year on January 25 to encourage more young voters to take agency in India to form national policies for the promotion and development of part in the political process.
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  • Spoofs and the Politics of the Film Image's Ontology in Tamil Cinema

    Spoofs and the Politics of the Film Image's Ontology in Tamil Cinema

    Spoofs and the Politics of the Film Image’s Ontology in Tamil Cinema * Constantine V. Nakassis All Film Spoofs, No Spoof Films Commercial Tamil cinema has long been a travesty of itself, its textuality woven from so many citational allusions, homages, and self-parodies; and yet, until recently there was no such recognized genre of the spoof film, only “comedy tracks” trailing in the shadows of the grandiose hero and his more serious narrative, parodying his potent image here and there, most often through scenes of comically inverted or failed heroism (Nakassis 2010:209–221). In 2010, this was seen to have changed, with the release of a surfeit of spoof films—Venkat Prabhu’s Goa, Simbudevan’s Irumbu Kottai Mirattu Singam, and, most importantly for this paper, C. S. Amudhan’s aptly titled Thamizh Padam, or ‘Tamil Movie.’1 And then of course, there was that unwitting spoof hero, the self-proclaimed “Power Star,” Dr. S. Srinivasan, who entered the scene in 2011 with his unbel- ievably absurd, yet ambiguously self-serious, film (Lathika) and public persona (figure 1).2 Industry insiders and film enthusiasts often explain this seeming par- adox that Tamil cinema is all spoof with no spoofs by pointing to the self- seriousness of the industry—that is, that it can’t take a joke; or alter- natively by pointing to its cultural and historical particularity—that is, that “spoofs” are a foreign genre. But what is so notable is that the ind- ustry has long made jokes at its own expense. Think, for example, of Nagesh’s memorable comedy track from Sridhar’s classic 1964 romantic comedy Kadhalikka Neeramillai (‘No Time for Love’), which turns on Nagesh’s nascent film production: a parody of the film producer, Nagesh * Constantine V.