DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecosystems the Ukrainian Steppe: Status, Threats and Promises of Sustainability Vladimir V

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecosystems the Ukrainian Steppe: Status, Threats and Promises of Sustainability Vladimir V 15. Hickey RJ (1977) The Lycopodium 18. Cody WJ (1988) Plants of Riding obscurum complex in North America. Mountain National Park, Manitoba. American Fern Journal 67:45-48. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publication 1818/E, Supply and services 16. Holub, J (1975) Diphasiastrum, a Canada, Ottawa, ON. new genus in Lycopodiaceae. Preslia 14: 97-100. 19. Tryon RM Jr (1954) The ferns and fern allies of Minnesota. University of 17. Harms VL (2003) Checklist of the Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN. vascular plants of Saskatchewan and the provincially and nationally rare native plants in Saskatchewan, including important synonyms, authorities, common names and various status indicators. University Extension Press, Saskatoon, SK ECOSYSTEMS THE UKRAINIAN STEPPE: STATUS, THREATS AND PROMISES OF SUSTAINABILITY VLADIMIR V. KRICSFALUSY School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 330 Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N5C8, Canada [email protected] INTRODUCTION Grassland communities are characterized Grasslands and savannas are found in by rich biodiversity. The vegetation most terrestrial ecoregions of the world is dominated by grasses and other and they cover over 40% of the land graminoids such as sedges. Grasses and surface.1 Following the Pleistocene ice many sedges are particularly suited for ages, grasslands expanded in range in the specific ecological conditions because the hotter and drier climates. Eventually, they have intercalary meristems that allow they became the dominant land feature for continued growth under a grazing worldwide. Nowadays, grasslands occupy regime and help ensure survival in dry more of the earth’s surface than the summers and cold continental winters. other major cover types, i.e. forests Most grassland plants also have a well- or agricultural lands. Along with this developed fibrous root system with a large huge sweep of area, grasslands are an surface area, a characteristic which is immensely important environment for important under the condition of low soil humans, plants and animals. moisture. 104 Blue Jay Grasslands have been heavily used Ukraine and nowadays about 82% of its throughout millennia of human history. steppe area is destroyed. Globally, more people inhabit grasslands than any other biome.1 They provide Most of the American prairies and many goods and services that are vital European steppes were plowed by to humans: biodiversity, food, forage, settlers, due to the extremely fertile soil. livestock, biofuels, carbon storage, This has led to tremendous changes, provision of drinking water, tourism and most recently, the loss of much and recreation, as well as playing of this biome occurred primarily due other important supportive ecosystem to agriculture, fragmentation, invasive functions.2 Grasslands are important exotic species, and the lack of a natural repositories of biodiversity: they form dynamic regime. The movement of herds one-quarter of 142 terrestrial ecoregions of grazing animals and wildfire activity identified as priorities for conservation traditionally held back tree growth and by WWF Global 200 and support nearly invasive species, but with those factors half of all endemic birds and one fifth largely gone, remaining grasslands of plant species.3 Grasslands have are slowly reverting to woodland and been the seedbeds for the ancestors forest. The main threats currently facing of virtually every major cereal crop and grasslands in Canada are changes in the pre-domestication home of our most land use and abandonment of traditional important livestock. activities, afforestation and intensification of grassland management.12,13 A long history of human use and abuse of grasslands has substantially shrunk This short outlook illustrates the their area around the world. Nowadays, importance, multiple functions and threats the Temperate grasslands, savannas to temperate grasslands in different parts and shrublands biome has the least of the world. The question one could ask protection globally with mere 2% in strict is: why people on the Canadian prairies protected areas.4 The greatest loss of should be interested in the Ukrainian grasslands is in North America.5,6 Current steppes? First, the steppes and the estimates indicate that, on average, less prairies have many biological similarities than 20% of original grassland habitats at the generic and even species level. in the Central Plains remain, and only Second, there are many examples of 3.5% has been protected overall within native plant species from one area Canada.7,8 Locally, the loss of different that have become invasive weeds in grassland types can be even greater, the other. Third, plants from the steppe e.g. in Saskatchewan, less than 1% have become important forage and crop remains of the once vast fescue prairie.9 species in the prairie. Fourth, settlers from In Europe, grasslands are mostly of the Ukrainian steppe regions brought anthropogenic origin.10 The exceptions their agricultural expertise, seeds, and are the areas in alpine regions, along culture to the Canadian prairie provinces rivers and remnant fragments of steppe enriching the agricultural and cultural vegetation.11 Vast steppe grasslands that fabric. Therefore, the purpose of this originally extended from south-east to paper is to describe the current state central Europe have been destroyed to of the steppes of Ukraine, identify the a greater degree than any other type of main threats to them, and highlight the vegetation. The last big “taming of the potential for collaboration of Canadian steppe” occurred about 200 years ago in and Ukrainian scientists and practitioners in conserving temperate grasslands. 70 (2) June 2012 105 THE STEPPE ENVIRONMENT than the prairies in North America. Ecology of the Steppe Overall, distribution and structure of Grassland vegetation occurs mainly steppe vegetation in Ukraine depends in lowland areas in the middle latitudes on climate and soil factors, and the main in areas with continental climate, where limiting factor of the vegetation is a lack of the summers are warm and dry and the moisture.15 The mean annual temperature winters are cold. Shortage of rainfall and total precipitation change from south limits the growth of woody plants and to north (from 9-10oC to 7-9oC and from prevents the development of a closed 350 mm to 450 mm, respectively). forest cover. Natural grasslands of the temperate zone of Eurasia are called the The Eurasian steppe landscapes steppes. Russian and Ukrainian were the are characterized by far horizons and languages from which the term “steppe” prevalent flat to undulating relief, mostly at was borrowed (etymology of the word is low altitudes. A typical soil matrix is loess, associated with the space, ground, and which covers varied geological bedrock. plain), first appearing in international The steppe ecosystem gave rise to the botanical terminology in the 18th century. world’s most fertile soils, chernozems (Russian and Ukrainian for “black soils”) The Eurasian steppe stretches from named after their characteristic dark- an enclave in Hungary, where it called coloured humus horizon. The soils within puszta (meaning “bare, empty”), through steppe zone in Ukraine change from a chain of small remnants in Romania light and dark chestnut soils occurring in and Moldova to a vast area of south combination with solonetzic soils, through Ukrainian (Fig. 1) and south Russian southern chornozems, to typical humic plains, north Caucasus, south Ural, chernozems. Chernozem soil types also and north Kazakhstan to south Siberia, occur in the prairies of North America. Mongolia and north-east China.14 Often the Eurasian steppe is divided into three Biodiversity of the Steppe main parts – the Pontic steppe, the The steppes of Ukraine are situated in Kazakh steppe, and the Mongol steppe. the west part of the Eurasian temperate Similar vegetation types can also be found grassland biome and occupy about on other continents. In North America, 300,000 square kilometers. common name for grasslands is the prairies (from French, meaning “a treeless The characteristics of the pristine grassy plain”). They form a triangular steppes of Ukraine were described in the area from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and beginning of the 19th century by Pachoski Manitoba in Canada through the Great (1917)16, Kleopov (1933)17 and some Plains to southern Texas in the USA and other authors. Later, steppes became down to Mexico.12 the subject of intense investigations by many Ukrainian and Russian scientists. The Ukrainian steppe (Mariupol station) Bilyk (1973)18 has summarized data lies within the temperate continental on the steppe vegetation of Ukraine climate zone and in comparison with and gave a critical review of previous the central part of the Eurasian steppe studies. There are zonal (geographical, (Semipalatinsk station, Russia) or central ecological) patterns corresponding to the part of the Canadian prairie (Saskatoon climate and soil patterns of the steppe station), is milder and more moist (Fig. 2). community’s distribution in Ukraine.15 Also, annual precipitation is more evenly Overall, vegetation changes towards the distributed through the steppes in Eurasia south from forest-steppe zone (which 106 Blue Jay Figure 1. Map of the Ukrainian steppe with locations of the visited reserves [see back inside cover for colour version]. 70 (2) June 2012 107 Figure 2. Climate diagrams for temperate grasslands. The diagrams include: name of station, elevation (m above sea level), mean
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grassland Resources and Development of Grassland Agriculture in Temperate China
    124 Rangelands 10(3), June 1988 Grassland Resources and Development of Grassland Agriculture in Temperate China Zhu Tinachen Natural temperate grasslands occupy 2.4 million km2 or one-quarter ofthe area of China. They form a broad beltfrom the plains of the northeast to the Tibetan Plateau of the southwest (Fig. 1). The nature and distribution of thegrassland is determined in large part by the influence of the monsoon. In the north- east where the monsoon is well developed, the grassland owes its existenceto dry conditions in the spring. Westward and southwestward wherethe monsooninfluence is weaker, the grasslandsoccupy higherelevations (to as high as 5,000 m) in response to the semiarid and arid regional climate. Similarly, temperate grasslands occur at high elevations in mountains of the desert region in northwestern China, far beyond the continuous grassland belt. Some 4,000 species offlowering plants comprise thevegetation ofthese temper- ate grasslands.About 200 are important forage species. The livestock population in China is about 130 million Fig. I Steppe zone of China cattle units. Most of the livestock are dependent on these 1.Meadow steppe, 2.Typical steppe. 3.Desert steppe. 4. Shrub steppe. 5. Alpine steppe. natural temperategrasslands. GrasslandTypes responding to climate and distributed in the form of a belt. Meadows are not zonal; they are controlled by local envi- Based on the concept of zonal vegetation, the natural ronments.About 80 ofthe area of is occu- of China can be divided into two percent grassland temperategrasslands major pied by zone steppetypes and about 20 percent by meadow types: steppe and meadow.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Boreal Forests
    Forest Area Key Facts & Carbon Emissions Russia’s Boreal Forests from Deforestation Forest location and brief description Russia is home to more than one-fifth of the world’s forest areas (approximately 763.5 million hectares). The Russian landscape is highly diverse, including polar deserts, arctic and sub-arctic tundra, boreal and semi-tundra larch forests, boreal and temperate coniferous forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, forest-steppe and steppe (temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrub-lands), semi-deserts and deserts. Russian boreal forests (known in Russia as the taiga) represent the largest forested region on Earth (approximately 12 million km2), larger than the Amazon. These forests have relatively few tree species, and are composed mainly of birch, pine, spruce, fir, with some deciduous species. Mixed in among the forests are bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, which hold vast amounts of water. They contain more than 55 per cent of the world’s conifers, and 11 per cent of the world’s biomass. Unique qualities of forest area Russia’s boreal region includes several important Global 200 ecoregions - a science-based global ranking of the Earth’s most biologically outstanding habitats. Among these is the Eastern-Siberian Taiga, which contains the largest expanse of untouched boreal forest in the world. Russia’s largest populations of brown bear, moose, wolf, red fox, reindeer, and wolverine can be found in this region. Bird species include: the Golden eagle, Black- billed capercaillie, Siberian Spruce grouse, Siberian accentor, Great gray owl, and Naumann’s thrush. Russia’s forests are also home to the Siberian tiger and Far Eastern leopard.
    [Show full text]
  • Stuart, Trees & Shrubs
    Excerpted from ©2001 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. May not be copied or reused without express written permission of the publisher. click here to BUY THIS BOOK INTRODUCTION HOW THE BOOK IS ORGANIZED Conifers and broadleaved trees and shrubs are treated separately in this book. Each group has its own set of keys to genera and species, as well as plant descriptions. Plant descriptions are or- ganized alphabetically by genus and then by species. In a few cases, we have included separate subspecies or varieties. Gen- era in which we include more than one species have short generic descriptions and species keys. Detailed species descrip- tions follow the generic descriptions. A species description in- cludes growth habit, distinctive characteristics, habitat, range (including a map), and remarks. Most species descriptions have an illustration showing leaves and either cones, flowers, or fruits. Illustrations were drawn from fresh specimens with the intent of showing diagnostic characteristics. Plant rarity is based on rankings derived from the California Native Plant Society and federal and state lists (Skinner and Pavlik 1994). Two lists are presented in the appendixes. The first is a list of species grouped by distinctive morphological features. The second is a checklist of trees and shrubs indexed alphabetically by family, genus, species, and common name. CLASSIFICATION To classify is a natural human trait. It is our nature to place ob- jects into similar groups and to place those groups into a hier- 1 TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATION HIERARCHY OF A CONIFER AND A BROADLEAVED TREE Taxonomic rank Conifer Broadleaved tree Kingdom Plantae Plantae Division Pinophyta Magnoliophyta Class Pinopsida Magnoliopsida Order Pinales Sapindales Family Pinaceae Aceraceae Genus Abies Acer Species epithet magnifica glabrum Variety shastensis torreyi Common name Shasta red fir mountain maple archy.
    [Show full text]
  • THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the World's Largest Dry
    THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the world’s largest dry steppe region Photo: Chris Magin, IUCN Saryarka is an internationally significant mosaic of steppe and wetlands The Dry Steppe Region The steppe grasslands of Eurasia were once among the most extensive in the world, stretching from eastern Romania, Moldova and Ukraine in eastern Europe (often referred to as the Pontic steppe) east through Kazakhstan and western Russia). Together, the Pontic and Kazakh steppes, often collectively referred to as the Pontian steppe, comprise about 24% of the world’s temperate grasslands. They eventually link to the vast grasslands of eastern Asia extending to Mongolia, China and Siberian Russia, together creating the largest complex of temperate grasslands on earth. The remaining extent and ecological condition of these grasslands varies considerably by region. Today in eastern Europe, for example, only 3–5 % remain in a natural or near natural state, with only 0.2% protected. In contrast, the eastward extension of these steppes into Kazakhstan reveals lower levels of disturbance, where as much as 36% remain in a semi-natural or natural state. Although current levels of protection in this region are also very low, the steppes of Kazakhstan have the potential to offer significant opportunities for increased conservation and protection. The Kazakh steppe, also known as the Kirghiz steppe, is itself one of the largest dry steppe regions on the planet, covering approximately 804,500 square kilometres and extending more than 2,200 kilometres from north of the Caspian Sea east to the Altai Mountains. These grasslands lie at the southern end of the Ural Mountains, the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Temperate Grasslandsgrasslands Temperate Grasslands
    TemperateTemperate GrasslandsGrasslands Temperate Grasslands § One of the most extensive of the biomes § North America: prairies 350 million ha running from eastern deciduous forest border to western cordilleras Konza Prairie, Kansas Temperate Grasslands § One of the most extensive of the biomes § Eurasia: steppes 250 million ha running from Hungary to Manchuria Mongolian steppe Russian Steppe Temperate Grasslands § One of the most extensive of the biomes § Argentina, Uruguay: pampas Temperate Grasslands § One of the most extensive of the biomes § Argentina, Uruguay: pampas Cortaderia - pampas grass Temperate Grasslands § One of the most extensive of the biomes § South Africa: grassveldt Temperate Grasslands § Temperate grasslands are adapted to recurring drought (50 - 120 cm rain) § Temperate grasslands appear homogenous but important structural and floristic differences have developed in response to regional and local conditions (e.g. in prairie province) § increasing latitude & east to west: warm to cold and moist to dry Temperate Grasslands § American prairie gradients: west to east Curtis Prairie - tall grass, Wisconsin Shortgrass prairie, Nebraska Konza Prairie - mixed grass, Kansas Temperate Grasslands § American prairie gradients: forest - grassland Curtis Prairie - tall grass, Wisconsin Prairie-oak savanna Temperate Grasslands § soils are rich 'chernozens' or 'udolls’ § thick organic layer of very dark humus; active earthworm and soil fauna activity making this soil one of the most productive of terrestrial systems § light rainfall
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Anxiety and Depression Among Adolescents and Adults in Bulgaria
    DOCTORAL THESIS An exploration of anxiety and depression among adolescents and adults in Bulgaria Tsocheva, Ivelina Award date: 2015 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 AN EXPLORATION OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS IN BULGARIA By Ivelina Tsocheva, BSc, PGDip Psychology Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Psychology University of Roehampton 2015 2 ABSTRACT Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent psychological disorders affecting a large number of people across different cultures. At present, these conditions have not been examined among the general population of Bulgaria. This thesis is a large-scale project involving Bulgarian adolescents aged 13-17 and Bulgarian adults aged 35-58. The main aims are: 1/ to investigate the prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in Bulgarian adolescents and adults because this population has been under- researched on these topics 2/ to assess mental health literacy about depression in these two groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Ecoregions of the United States
    (iii) ~ Agrl~:::~~;~":,c ullur. Description of the ~:::;. Ecoregions of the ==-'Number 1391 United States •• .~ • /..';;\:?;;.. \ United State. (;lAn) Department of Description of the .~ Agriculture Forest Ecoregions of the Service October United States 1980 Compiled by Robert G. Bailey Formerly Regional geographer, Intermountain Region; currently geographer, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and originally published as an unnumbered publication by the Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah In April 1979, the Agency leaders of the Bureau of Land Manage­ ment, Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Geological Survey, and Soil Conservation Service endorsed the concept of a national classification system developed by the Resources Evaluation Tech­ niques Program at the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, to be used for renewable resources evaluation. The classifica­ tion system consists of four components (vegetation, soil, landform, and water), a proposed procedure for integrating the components into ecological response units, and a programmed procedure for integrating the ecological response units into ecosystem associations. The classification system described here is the result of literature synthesis and limited field testing and evaluation. It presents one procedure for defining, describing, and displaying ecosystems with respect to geographical distribution. The system and others are undergoing rigorous evaluation to determine the most appropriate procedure for defining and describing ecosystem associations. Bailey, Robert G. 1980. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1391, 77 pp. This publication briefly describes and illustrates the Nation's ecosystem regions as shown in the 1976 map, "Ecoregions of the United States." A copy of this map, described in the Introduction, can be found between the last page and the back cover of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation at the Taiga Forest–Steppe Borderline in the Western Khentey Mountains, Northern Mongolia
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 42: 411–426 ISSN 0003-3847 Helsinki 19 December 2005 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2005 Vegetation at the taiga forest–steppe borderline in the western Khentey Mountains, northern Mongolia Choimaa Dulamsuren1, Markus Hauck2 & Michael Mühlenberg1 1) Center of Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 2, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 31 Aug. 2004, revised version received 11 Nov. 2004, accepted 7 Jan. 2005 Dulamsuren, C., Hauck, M. & Mühlenberg, M. 2005: Vegetation at the taiga forest–steppe border- line in the western Khentey Mountains, northern Mongolia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 42: 411–426. Vegetation of an area of 500 km2 in the western Khentey Mountains, northern Mon- golia is phytosociologically classified with the help of 254 relevés. Twenty-one main vegetation units are described. The study area is situated at the interface between the western Siberian dark taiga, the eastern Siberian light taiga and the Mongolian-Daurian forest steppe. A small-scale pattern of these three major vegetation types was found depending on site characteristics. Dark taiga forests of Pinus sibirica, Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, and Larix sibirica grow at the most humid sites. Light taiga forests dominated by Larix sibirica and Betula platyphylla occur on relatively dry northern slopes of the lower montane belt. Sun-exposed, southern slopes of the lower montane belt are covered by montane meadow and mountain steppe. DCA ordination suggests that the distribution of vegetation types depends on water supply and altitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen-Based Quantitative Land-Cover Reconstruction for Northern Asia Covering the Last 40 Ka Cal BP
    Clim. Past, 15, 1503–1536, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1503-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Pollen-based quantitative land-cover reconstruction for northern Asia covering the last 40 ka cal BP Xianyong Cao1,a, Fang Tian1, Furong Li2, Marie-José Gaillard2, Natalia Rudaya1,3,4, Qinghai Xu5, and Ulrike Herzschuh1,4,6 1Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, Potsdam 14473, Germany 2Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden 3Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 4Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, 14476 Potsdam, Germany 5College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China 6Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, Potsdam 14476, Germany apresent address: Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Correspondence: Xianyong Cao ([email protected]) and Ulrike Herzschuh ([email protected]) Received: 21 August 2018 – Discussion started: 23 October 2018 Revised: 3 July 2019 – Accepted: 8 July 2019 – Published: 8 August 2019 Abstract. We collected the available relative pollen produc- pollen producers. Comparisons with vegetation-independent tivity estimates (PPEs) for 27 major pollen taxa from Eura- climate records show that climate change is the primary fac- sia and applied them to estimate plant abundances during the tor driving land-cover changes at broad spatial and temporal last 40 ka cal BP (calibrated thousand years before present) scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Ecology
    Chapter 11: Terrestrial Ecology URS-EIA-REP-202375 Table of Contents 11 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................................... 11-1 11.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2 Scoping ............................................................................................................ 11-1 11.2.1 ENVIID ................................................................................................ 11-2 11.2.2 Analysis of Alternatives ......................................................................... 11-2 11.3 Spatial Boundaries and Temporal Boundaries ...................................................... 11-2 11.3.1 Spatial Boundaries ................................................................................ 11-2 11.3.2 Temporal Boundaries ............................................................................ 11-3 11.4 Baseline Data .................................................................................................... 11-7 11.4.1 Standards for Baseline Evaluation .......................................................... 11-7 11.4.2 Data Gaps ............................................................................................ 11-8 11.4.3 Primary Data / Baseline Surveys ............................................................ 11-8 11.4.3.1 Habitats and Flora ........................................................................ 11-9 11.4.3.2 Birds
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP)
    Midia Gas Development Project Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) Black Sea Oil & Gas SRL Document Number: MGD-E-EERM-EN-REP4-003-D1 Rev Date Description Author Checked By Approved By D01 15/04/2019 Issued for Approval Peter Andy Coates Alistair Fulton Wright/Catriona (ERM) (ERM) Munro (ERM) [Double click to insert signature] [Double click to insert signature] Peter Wright John Ward Principal Consultant Senior Consultant [Double click to insert signature] [Double click to insert signature] Josie Preece Andy Coates Consultant Technical Director ERM Romania 145 Calea Victoriei 8th floor Victoria Center Sector 1 010072 Bucharest Romania © Copyright 2019 by ERM Worldwide Group Ltd and / or its affiliates (“ERM”). All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the prior written permission of ERM Page 2 of 52 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Purpose of Report ....................................................................................................... 5 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 5 3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND PROJECT STANDARDS ........................................ 7 3.1 Romanian Legislative Framework ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Return of the Steppe Eagle to Nesting in the Stavropol Kray, Russia ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ СТЕПНОГО ОРЛА НА ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ В СТАВРОПОЛЬСКИЙ КРАЙ, РОССИЯ Malovichko L.V
    264 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2019, 39 Кðàòêèå сîîбùåíèя Return of the Steppe Eagle to Nesting in the Stavropol Kray, Russia ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ СТЕПНОГО ОРЛА НА ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ В СТАВРОПОЛЬСКИЙ КРАЙ, РОССИЯ Malovichko L.V. (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia) Grinko A.G. (JSC “Samotlorneftepromchim”, Stavropol Kray, Velichaevskoe vill., Russia) Slynko D.V. (Directorate of protected areas of the Stavropol Kray, Stavropol, Russia) Маловичко Л.В. (Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, Москва, Россия) Гринько А.Г. (АО «Самотлорнефтепромхим», Ставропольский край, с. Величаевское, Россия) Слынько Д.В. (Государственное казенное учреждение «Дирекция особо охраняемых природных территорий Ставропольского края», Ставрополь, Россия) DOI: 10.19074/1814-8654-2019-39-264-271 Контакт: Численность степного орла (Aquila ni- The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) popu- Любовь Васильевна palensis) в настоящее время значитель- lation is now significantly reduced within its Маловичко д.б.н., проф. но сократилась в пределах всего ареала whole range (Karyakin, 2011). The Steppe Кафедра зоологии (Карякин, 2011). Этот вид внесён в Крас- Eagle is included in the IUCN Red List as En- Факультета зоотехнии и ный список МСОП со статусом «исче- dangered (EN) (BirdLife International, 2017), биологии, зающий вид» (Endangered, EN) (BirdLife in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federa- Российский государ- ственный аграрный International, 2017), Красные книги РФ (Га- tion (Galushin, 2001) and the Stavropol Kray университет – МСХА лушин, 2001) и Ставропольского края как as a rare species (Ilyukh, Khokhlov, 2013). имени К.А. Тимирязева редкий вид (Ильюх, Хохлов, 2013). The Steppe Eagle nests in steppes and 127434, Россия, Степной орёл гнездится в степях и полу- semi-deserts, avoiding vast deserts.
    [Show full text]