Distribution Mapping of World Grassland Types A
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The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands
The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Christmas, Sakura. 2016. The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840708 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands A dissertation presented by Sakura Marcelle Christmas to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 Sakura Marcelle Christmas All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Ian Jared Miller Sakura Marcelle Christmas The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands ABSTRACT This dissertation traces one of the origins of the autonomous region system in the People’s Republic of China to the Japanese imperial project by focusing on Inner Mongolia in the 1930s. Here, Japanese technocrats demarcated the borderlands through categories of ethnicity and livelihood. At the center of this endeavor was the perceived problem of nomadic decline: the loss of the region’s deep history of transhumance to Chinese agricultural expansion and capitalist extraction. -
Tropical Deciduous Forests and Savannas
2/1/17 Tropical Coastal Communities Relationships to other tropical forest systems — specialized swamp forests: Tropical Coastal Forests Mangrove and beach forests § confined to tropical and & subtropical zones at the interface Tropical Deciduous Forests of terrestrial and saltwater Mangrove Forests Mangrove Forests § confined to tropical and subtropical § stilt roots - support ocean tidal zones § water temperature must exceed 75° F or 24° C in warmest month § unique adaptations to harsh Queensland, Australia environment - convergent Rhizophora mangle - red mangrove Moluccas Venezuela 1 2/1/17 Mangrove Forests Mangrove Forests § stilt roots - support § stilt roots - support § pneumatophores - erect roots for § pneumatophores - erect roots for O2 exchange O2 exchange § salt glands - excretion § salt glands - excretion § viviparous seedlings Rhizophora mangle - red mangrove Rhizophora mangle - red mangrove Xylocarpus (Meliaceae) & Rhizophora Mangrove Forests Mangrove Forests § 80 species in 30 genera (20 § 80 species in 30 genera (20 families) families) § 60 species OW& 20 NW § 60 species OW& 20 NW (Rhizophoraceae - red mangrove - Avicennia - black mangrove; inner Avicennia nitida (black mangrove, most common in Neotropics) boundary of red mangrove, better Acanthaceae) drained Rhizophora mangle - red mangrove Xylocarpus (Meliaceae) & Rhizophora 2 2/1/17 Mangrove Forests § 80 species in 30 genera (20 families) § 60 species OW& 20 NW Four mangrove families in one Neotropical mangrove community Avicennia - Rhizophora - Acanthanceae Rhizophoraceae -
Understanding the Causes of Bush Encroachment in Africa: the Key to Effective Management of Savanna Grasslands
Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales (2013) Volume 1, 215−219 Understanding the causes of bush encroachment in Africa: The key to effective management of savanna grasslands OLAOTSWE E. KGOSIKOMA1 AND KABO MOGOTSI2 1Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana. www.moa.gov.bw 2Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Francistown, Botswana. www.moa.gov.bw Keywords: Rangeland degradation, fire, indigenous ecological knowledge, livestock grazing, rainfall variability. Abstract The increase in biomass and abundance of woody plant species, often thorny or unpalatable, coupled with the suppres- sion of herbaceous plant cover, is a widely recognized form of rangeland degradation. Bush encroachment therefore has the potential to compromise rural livelihoods in Africa, as many depend on the natural resource base. The causes of bush encroachment are not without debate, but fire, herbivory, nutrient availability and rainfall patterns have been shown to be the key determinants of savanna vegetation structure and composition. In this paper, these determinants are discussed, with particular reference to arid and semi-arid environments of Africa. To improve our current under- standing of causes of bush encroachment, an integrated approach, involving ecological and indigenous knowledge systems, is proposed. Only through our knowledge of causes of bush encroachment, both direct and indirect, can better livelihood adjustments be made, or control measures and restoration of savanna ecosystem functioning be realized. Resumen Una forma ampliamente reconocida de degradación de pasturas es el incremento de la abundancia de especies de plan- tas leñosas, a menudo espinosas y no palatables, y de su biomasa, conjuntamente con la pérdida de plantas herbáceas. En África, la invasión por arbustos puede comprometer el sistema de vida rural ya que muchas personas dependen de los recursos naturales básicos. -
Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N'djida
Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape Northern Cameroon and Southwestern Chad April - May 2015 Paul Elkan, Roger Fotso, Chris Hamley, Soqui Mendiguetti, Paul Bour, Vailia Nguertou Alexandre, Iyah Ndjidda Emmanuel, Mbamba Jean Paul, Emmanuel Vounserbo, Etienne Bemadjim, Hensel Fopa Kueteyem and Kenmoe Georges Aime Wildlife Conservation Society Ministry of Forests and Wildlife (MINFOF) L'Ecole de Faune de Garoua Funded by the Great Elephant Census Paul G. Allen Foundation and WCS SUMMARY The Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape is located in north Cameroon and extends into southwest Chad. It consists of Bouba N’djida, Sena Oura, Benoue and Faro National Parks, in addition to 25 safari hunting zones. Along with Zakouma NP in Chad and Waza NP in the Far North of Cameroon, the landscape represents one of the most important areas for savanna elephant conservation remaining in Central Africa. Aerial wildlife surveys in the landscape were first undertaken in 1977 by Van Lavieren and Esser (1979) focusing only on Bouba N’djida NP. They documented a population of 232 elephants in the park. After a long period with no systematic aerial surveys across the area, Omondi et al (2008) produced a minimum count of 525 elephants for the entire landscape. This included 450 that were counted in Bouba N’djida NP and its adjacent safari hunting zones. The survey also documented a high richness and abundance of other large mammals in the Bouba N’djida NP area, and to the southeast of Faro NP. In the period since 2010, a number of large-scale elephant poaching incidents have taken place in Bouba N’djida NP. -
Dry Grassland Vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a Preliminary Overview of Its Syntaxonomy, Ecology and Biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Tuexenia - Mitteilungen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: NS_34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kuzenko Anna A., Becker Thomas, Didukh Yakiv P., Ardelean Ioana Violeta, Becker Ute, Beldean Monika, Dolnik Christian, Jeschke Michael, Naqinezhad Alireza, Ugurlu Emin, Unal Aslan, Vassilev Kiril, Vorona Evgeniy I., Yavorska Olena H., Dengler Jürgen Artikel/Article: Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430. Göttingen 2014. doi: 10.14471/2014.34.020, available online at www.tuexenia.de Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) – a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity Die Trockenrasenvegetation Zentral-Podoliens (Ukraine) – eine vorläufige Übersicht zu Syntaxonomie, Ökologie und Biodiversität Anna A. Kuzemko1, Thomas Becker2, Yakiv P. Didukh3, Ioana Violeta Arde- lean4, Ute Becker5, Monica Beldean4, Christian Dolnik6, Michael Jeschke2, Alireza Naqinezhad7, Emin Uğurlu8, Aslan Ünal9, Kiril Vassilev10, Evgeniy I. Vorona11, Olena H. Yavorska11 & Jürgen Dengler12,13,14,* 1National Dendrological Park “Sofiyvka”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyivska Str. 12a, 20300 Uman’, Ukraine, [email protected];2Geobotany, Faculty of Geography and Geosciences, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, [email protected]; -
Russia's Boreal Forests
Forest Area Key Facts & Carbon Emissions Russia’s Boreal Forests from Deforestation Forest location and brief description Russia is home to more than one-fifth of the world’s forest areas (approximately 763.5 million hectares). The Russian landscape is highly diverse, including polar deserts, arctic and sub-arctic tundra, boreal and semi-tundra larch forests, boreal and temperate coniferous forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, forest-steppe and steppe (temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrub-lands), semi-deserts and deserts. Russian boreal forests (known in Russia as the taiga) represent the largest forested region on Earth (approximately 12 million km2), larger than the Amazon. These forests have relatively few tree species, and are composed mainly of birch, pine, spruce, fir, with some deciduous species. Mixed in among the forests are bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, which hold vast amounts of water. They contain more than 55 per cent of the world’s conifers, and 11 per cent of the world’s biomass. Unique qualities of forest area Russia’s boreal region includes several important Global 200 ecoregions - a science-based global ranking of the Earth’s most biologically outstanding habitats. Among these is the Eastern-Siberian Taiga, which contains the largest expanse of untouched boreal forest in the world. Russia’s largest populations of brown bear, moose, wolf, red fox, reindeer, and wolverine can be found in this region. Bird species include: the Golden eagle, Black- billed capercaillie, Siberian Spruce grouse, Siberian accentor, Great gray owl, and Naumann’s thrush. Russia’s forests are also home to the Siberian tiger and Far Eastern leopard. -
Land Degradation and the Australian Agricultural Industry
LAND DEGRADATION AND THE AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY Paul Gretton Umme Salma STAFF INFORMATION PAPER 1996 INDUSTRY COMMISSION © Commonwealth of Australia 1996 ISBN This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial usage or sale requires prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, AGPS, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. Enquiries Paul Gretton Industry Commission PO Box 80 BELCONNEN ACT 2616 Phone: (06) 240 3252 Email: [email protected] The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Industry Commission. Forming the Productivity Commission The Federal Government, as part of its broader microeconomic reform agenda, is merging the Bureau of Industry Economics, the Economic Planning Advisory Commission and the Industry Commission to form the Productivity Commission. The three agencies are now co- located in the Treasury portfolio and amalgamation has begun on an administrative basis. While appropriate arrangements are being finalised, the work program of each of the agencies will continue. The relevant legislation will be introduced soon. This report has been produced by the Industry Commission. CONTENTS Abbreviations v Preface vii Overview -
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California A Project of California Partners in Flight and PRBO Conservation Science The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 2.0 2004 Conservation Plan Authors Grant Ballard, PRBO Conservation Science Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science Tom Gardali, PRBO Conservation Science Geoffrey R. Geupel, PRBO Conservation Science Tonya Haff, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Museum of Natural History Collections, Environmental Studies Dept., University of CA) Aaron Holmes, PRBO Conservation Science Diana Humple, PRBO Conservation Science John C. Lovio, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Navy (Currently at TAIC, San Diego) Mike Lynes, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Hastings University) Sandy Scoggin, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at San Francisco Bay Joint Venture) Christopher Solek, Cal Poly Ponoma (Currently at UC Berkeley) Diana Stralberg, PRBO Conservation Science Species Account Authors Completed Accounts Mountain Quail - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Greater Roadrunner - Pete Famolaro, Sweetwater Authority Water District. Coastal Cactus Wren - Laszlo Szijj and Chris Solek, Cal Poly Pomona. Wrentit - Geoff Geupel, Grant Ballard, and Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science. Gray Vireo - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Black-chinned Sparrow - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Costa's Hummingbird (coastal) - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Sage Sparrow - Barbara A. Carlson, UC-Riverside Reserve System, and Mary K. Chase. California Gnatcatcher - Patrick Mock, URS Consultants (San Diego). Accounts in Progress Rufous-crowned Sparrow - Scott Morrison, The Nature Conservancy (San Diego). -
THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the World's Largest Dry
THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the world’s largest dry steppe region Photo: Chris Magin, IUCN Saryarka is an internationally significant mosaic of steppe and wetlands The Dry Steppe Region The steppe grasslands of Eurasia were once among the most extensive in the world, stretching from eastern Romania, Moldova and Ukraine in eastern Europe (often referred to as the Pontic steppe) east through Kazakhstan and western Russia). Together, the Pontic and Kazakh steppes, often collectively referred to as the Pontian steppe, comprise about 24% of the world’s temperate grasslands. They eventually link to the vast grasslands of eastern Asia extending to Mongolia, China and Siberian Russia, together creating the largest complex of temperate grasslands on earth. The remaining extent and ecological condition of these grasslands varies considerably by region. Today in eastern Europe, for example, only 3–5 % remain in a natural or near natural state, with only 0.2% protected. In contrast, the eastward extension of these steppes into Kazakhstan reveals lower levels of disturbance, where as much as 36% remain in a semi-natural or natural state. Although current levels of protection in this region are also very low, the steppes of Kazakhstan have the potential to offer significant opportunities for increased conservation and protection. The Kazakh steppe, also known as the Kirghiz steppe, is itself one of the largest dry steppe regions on the planet, covering approximately 804,500 square kilometres and extending more than 2,200 kilometres from north of the Caspian Sea east to the Altai Mountains. These grasslands lie at the southern end of the Ural Mountains, the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia. -
2. a Global Analysis of Groundwater Recharge for Vegetation, Climate, and Soils
Trading Carbon and Water Through Vegetation Shifts by John Hyungchul Kim Graduate Program in Ecology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Robert B. Jackson, Supervisor ___________________________ Esteban G. Jobbágy ___________________________ Gabriel G. Katul ___________________________ Brian C. Murray ___________________________ Daniel d. Richter Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Ecology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Trading Carbon and Water Through Vegetation Shifts by John Hyungchul Kim Graduate Program in Ecology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Robert B. Jackson, Supervisor ___________________________ Esteban G. Jobbágy ___________________________ Gabriel G. Katul ___________________________ Brian C. Murray ___________________________ Daniel d. Richter An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Ecology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v Copyright by John Hyungchul Kim 2011 Abstract In this dissertation I explore the effects of vegetation type on ecosystem services, focusing on services with significant potential to mitigate global environmental challenges: carbon sequestration and groundwater recharge. I analyze >600 estimates of groundwater recharge to obtain the first global analysis of groundwater recharge and vegetation type. A regression model shows that vegetation is the second best predictor of recharge after precipitation. Recharge rates are lowest under forests, intermediate in grasslands, and highest under croplands. The differences between vegetation types are higher in more humid climates and sandy soils but proportionately the differences between vegetation types are greater in more arid climates and clayey soils. -
DPIRD Annual Report 2020
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Annual Report 2020 Page i Statement of compliance For year ended 30 June 2020 Hon. Alannah MacTiernan MLC Minister for Regional Development; Agriculture and Food and Hon. Peter Tinley AM MLA Minister for Fisheries In accordance with section 63 of the Financial Management Act 2006, I hereby submit for your information and presentation to Parliament, the annual report of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development for the reporting period ended 30 June 2020. The annual report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Management Act 2006 and also fulfils reporting obligations under the Fish Resources Management Act 1994 and Soil and Land Conservation Act 1945. Mr David (Ralph) Addis Director General Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Annual Report 2020 Page ii Contact Postal: Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Permission to reuse the logo must be obtained from the Street address: 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth WA 6151 Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. Internet: dpird.wa.gov.au Important disclaimer Email: [email protected] Telephone: +61 1300 374 731 The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of ISSN 2209-3427 (Print) Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of ISSN 2209-3435 (Online) negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this Creative Commons Licence information or any part of it. The DPIRD annual report is licensed under a Creative Compliments/complaints Commons Attribution 3.0 Australian Licence. -
YIR01BIO01 Dry and Mesic Grassland Habitats - Pressures and State A
YIR01BIO01 Dry and mesic grassland habitats - pressures and state A. Pressures Figure 1A Main impacts and activities in lowland areas with more than 30 % dry or mesic grassland habitat coverage in potential sites of Community interest Main impacts and actvities in lowland pSCI's with dry/mesic grassland habitats per Country Urbanization and 100% industrialization 90% Transportation and communication 80% Pollution 70% 60% Natural Processes (biotic and abiotic) 50% Mining and extraction 40% of materials 30% Leisure and tourism sites with dry/mesic grasslands dry/mesic with sites 20% Human induced 10% changes in hydraulic % of impacts and activities occurring in lowland lowland in occurring and activities impacts % of conditions 0% Hunting and collecting AT - 6 FI - 8 FR - GR - 11 IE - 6 IT - 391 PT - 11 ES - SE - 3,9 0,177 131 254 0,22 1 340 604 144 4 147 Agriculture, forestry 536 274 18 Country, number of sites and total surface areas in thounsands of hectares Note: Data as reported in NATURA2000 forms by end of 1999 by 9 countries. Figure 1B Main impacts and activities in mountain areas with more than 30% dry or mesic grassland habitat coverage in potential sites of Community interest Main impacts and actvities in mountain pSCI's with dry/mesic grassland habitats per Country 100% 90% Urbanization, industrialization and similar activities 80% Transportation and communication 70% Pollution and other human impacts/activities 60% Natural Processes (biotic and abiotic 50% Mining and extraction of grasslands materials 40% Leisure and tourism 30% Human induced changes in 20% hidraulic conditions Hunting and collecting 10% % of impacts and activities occurring in mountain sites with dry/mesic dry/mesic with sites in mountain occurring and activities impacts % of 0% Agriculture, forestry AT - 1 FI - 1 FR - 13 GR - 11 IR - 1 IT - 49 SP - 3 0,4 0,004 7,1 27,9 0,134 42,5 2,2 Country, number of sites and total surface areas in thounsands of hectares Note: Data as reported in NATURA2000 forms by End 1999 by 7 countries .