Phylogenomic Analyses Clarify True Species Within the Butterfly Genus
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Species Account CALLIPPE SILVERSPOT BUTTERFLY Speyeria Callippe Callippe
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office Species Account CALLIPPE SILVERSPOT BUTTERFLY Speyeria callippe callippe CLASSIFICATION: Endangered Federal Register 62:64306 ; December 5, 1997 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr3183.pdf CRITICAL HABITAT : None designated RECOVERY PLAN: Draft Recovery Plan For The Callippe Silverspot Butterfly (Under development) FIVE-YEAR REVIEW October 20, 2009. We recommended no change in status. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc2518.pdf (Latest info on this species.) DESCRIPTION The callippe (ca-LIP-ee) silverspot is a medium-sized butterfly in the brush foot family (Nymphalidae). It has a wingspan of about 5.5 centimeters (2.2 inches). The upper wings are brown with extensive black spots and lines, and the basal areas are extremely dark. The undersides are brown, orange-brown and tan with black lines and distinctive black and bright silver spots. The basal areas of the wings and body are densely hairy. The caterpillars are dark- colored with many branching sharp spines on their backs. Identification of the subspecies is challenging in some parts of its range because it can hybridize with Lilian’s and Comstock’s silverspot butterflies, producing offspring that are intermediate in appearance. Life History and Ecology The callippe silverspot butterfly has one flight of adults per year. It undergoes complete metamorphosis (a structural transformation during the development of an organism) from egg to larval, pupal and adult stages. Egg Stage During the early summer flight season, females lay their eggs on the dry remains of the larval food plant, Johnny jump-up ( Viola pedunculata ), or on the surrounding debris. -
Taxonomic Overview of the Greater Fritillary Genus Speyeria Scudder
INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0090 Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) James C. Dunford McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida PO Box 112710, Gainesville, FL 326112710, USA Date of Issue: September 26, 2009 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL James C. Dunford Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Insecta Mundi 0090: 174 Published in 2009 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 326141874 U. S. A. http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any nonmarine arthropod taxon. Manuscripts considered for publication include, but are not limited to, systematic or taxonomic studies, revisions, nomenclatural changes, faunal studies, book reviews, phylo genetic analyses, biological or behavioral studies, etc. Insecta Mundi is widely distributed, and refer- enced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts, etc. As of 2007, Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, not as quarterly issues. As manuscripts are completed they are published and given an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are again reviewed by the editorial board to insure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for System- atic Entomology. -
Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure. -
Cover Letter for PG&E Midterm Pruning Report
Effect of different grazing regimes on Viola pedunculata populations at King Ranch - 2010 December 16, 2010 Prepared by: Elizabeth Bernhardt Tedmund Swiecki Prepared for: Sue Wickham Solano Land Trust 1001 Texas Street, Ste C Fairfield, CA 94533 P HYTOSPHERE R ESEARCH 1027 Davis Street, Vacaville, CA 95687-5495 707-452-8735 email: [email protected] URL: http://phytosphere.com 2010 - King Ranch V. pedunculata grazing study Page 2 of 16 SUMMARY This report discusses second year results of a study that investigates how specific changes to the grazing regime at King Ranch affects cover of Viola pedunculata, the larval food plant of the Callippe silverspot butterfly. In 2007, we established plots in six clusters of three plots each at widely spaced locations on the ranch, with three clusters on each of two common soil types. Cover in these plots was read in spring 2007 and 2008 to serve as a baseline. One plot in each cluster was excluded from grazing early in the grazing season in 2009 and 2010. A second plot in each cluster was excluded from grazing late in the season in 2009 and 2010. The plots excluded from grazing did not differ in V. pedunculata cover or grass cover compared to plots which had not been excluded from grazing. Although grass cover and vegetation height were negatively correlated with V. pedunculata cover, excluding plots from grazing for short periods did not result in V. pedunculata cover differences. Vegetation height and cover were correlated with precipitation during the growing season. Due to the interactions that exist between grazing impacts and weather, we recommend that the study be continued for at least two to three more years, so that treatment effects can be assessed over a wider range of weather conditions. -
FIT Count Insect Guide
Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide This guide has been developed to support the Flower-Insect Timed Count survey (FIT Count) that forms part of the UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS). Who is organising this project? The FIT Count is part of the Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS) within the UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership, co-ordinated by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH). It is jointly funded by Defra, the Welsh and Scottish Governments, JNCC and project partners, including CEH, the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Butterfly Conservation, British Trust for Ornithology, Hymettus, the University of Reading and University of Leeds. PoMS aims to provide much-needed data on the state of the UK’s insect pollinators, especially wild bees and hoverflies, and the role they fulfil in supporting farming and wildlife. For further information about PoMS go to: www.ceh.ac.uk/pollinator-monitoring Defra project BE0125/ NEC06214: Establishing a UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership This document should be cited as: UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme. 2019. Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide. Version 4. CEH Wallingford. Bee or wasp (Hymenoptera)? – 1 Honey Bee (family Apidae, species Apis mellifera) A social wasp (family Vespidae, genus Vespula) Photo © Bob Peterson/Wikimedia Commons Photo © Trounce/Wikimedia Commons most bees are more hairy than wasps at rest, wings are rolled up for some wasps (not all) Pollinator Monitoring Scheme: FIT Count FIT Scheme: Monitoring -
Title Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet, Consectetur Adipiscing Elit
Volume 26: 102–108 METAMORPHOSIS www.metamorphosis.org.za ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) Classification of the Afrotropical butterflies to generic level Published online: 25 December 2015 Mark C. Williams 183 van der Merwe Street, Rietondale, Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa Abstract: This paper applies the findings of phylogenetic studies on butterflies (Papilionoidea) in order to present an up to date classification of the Afrotropical butterflies to genus level. The classification for Afrotropical butterflies is placed within a worldwide context to subtribal level. Taxa that still require interrogation are highlighted. Hopefully this classification will provide a stable context for researchers working on Afrotropical butterflies. Key words: Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Afrotropical butterflies, classification. Citation: Williams, M.C. (2015). Classification of the Afrotropical butterflies to generic level. Metamorphosis 26: 102–108. INTRODUCTION Suborder Glossata Fabricius, 1775 (6 infraorders) Infraorder Heteroneura Tillyard, 1918 (34 Natural classifications of biological organisms, based superfamilies) on robust phylogenetic hypotheses, are needed before Clade Obtectomera Minet, 1986 (12 superfamilies) meaningful studies can be conducted in regard to their Superfamily Papilionoidea Latreille, 1802 (7 evolution, biogeography, ecology and conservation. families) Classifications, dating from the time of Linnaeus in the Family Papilionidae Latreille, 1802 (32 genera, 570 mid seventeen hundreds, were based on morphology species) for nearly two hundred and fifty years. Classifications Family Hedylidae Guenée, 1858 (1 genus, 36 species) based on phylogenies derived from an interrogation of Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 (570 genera, 4113 the genome of individual organisms began in the late species) 20th century. -
Superior National Forest
Admirals & Relatives Subfamily Limenitidinae Skippers Family Hesperiidae £ Viceroy Limenitis archippus Spread-wing Skippers Subfamily Pyrginae £ Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus £ Dreamy Duskywing Erynnis icelus £ Juvenal’s Duskywing Erynnis juvenalis £ Northern Cloudywing Thorybes pylades Butterflies of the £ White Admiral Limenitis arthemis arthemis Superior Satyrs Subfamily Satyrinae National Forest £ Common Wood-nymph Cercyonis pegala £ Common Ringlet Coenonympha tullia £ Northern Pearly-eye Enodia anthedon Skipperlings Subfamily Heteropterinae £ Arctic Skipper Carterocephalus palaemon £ Mancinus Alpine Erebia disa mancinus R9SS £ Red-disked Alpine Erebia discoidalis R9SS £ Little Wood-satyr Megisto cymela Grass-Skippers Subfamily Hesperiinae £ Pepper & Salt Skipper Amblyscirtes hegon £ Macoun’s Arctic Oeneis macounii £ Common Roadside-Skipper Amblyscirtes vialis £ Jutta Arctic Oeneis jutta (R9SS) £ Least Skipper Ancyloxypha numitor Northern Crescent £ Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice £ Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris Phyciodes selenis £ Common Branded Skipper Hesperia comma £ Indian Skipper Hesperia sassacus Monarchs Subfamily Danainae £ Hobomok Skipper Poanes hobomok £ Monarch Danaus plexippus £ Long Dash Polites mystic £ Peck’s Skipper Polites peckius £ Tawny-edged Skipper Polites themistocles £ European Skipper Thymelicus lineola LINKS: http://www.naba.org/ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national -
Perceptual Range, Targeting Ability, and Visual Habitat Detection by Greater Fritillary Butterfliesspeyeria Cybele (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Speyeria Atlantis
Journal of Insect Science, (2019) 19(4): 1; 1–10 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez060 Research Perceptual Range, Targeting Ability, and Visual Habitat Detection by Greater Fritillary ButterfliesSpeyeria cybele (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Speyeria atlantis Zachary G. MacDonald,1,4, John H. Acorn,1, Jian Zhang,2,3, and Scott E. Nielsen1, Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-abstract/19/4/1/5525229 by guest on 18 July 2019 1Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada, 2Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China, 3Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Phyllis Weintraub Received 4 February 2019; Editorial decision 26 May 2019 Abstract Butterflies are widely invoked as model organisms in studies of metapopulation and dispersal processes. Integral to such investigations are understandings of perceptual range; the maximum distance at which organisms are able to detect patches of suitable habitat. To infer perceptual range, researchers have released butterflies at varying distances from habitat patches and observed their subsequent flight behaviors. It is often assumed that butterflies rely on visual senses for habitat detection; however, this assumption has not been explicitly investigated. Here, we assess the extent and sensory determinants of perceptual range for the great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)) and Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis (W.H. Edwards, 1862)). This was achieved by experimentally releasing butterflies over open water at various distances from a lake island, representing an isolated habitat patch in a dichotomous habitat-matrix landscape. -
A Rearing Method for Argynnis (Speyeria) Diana
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2011, Article ID 940280, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2011/940280 Research Article ARearingMethodforArgynnis (Speyeria) diana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) That Avoids Larval Diapause Carrie N. Wells, Lindsey Edwards, Russell Hawkins, Lindsey Smith, and David Tonkyn Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Carrie N. Wells, [email protected] Received 25 May 2011; Accepted 4 August 2011 Academic Editor: Russell Jurenka Copyright © 2011 Carrie N. Wells et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We describe a rearing protocol that allowed us to raise the threatened butterfly, Argynnis diana (Nymphalidae), while bypassing the first instar overwintering diapause. We compared the survival of offspring reared under this protocol from field-collected A. diana females from North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Larvae were reared in the lab on three phylogenetically distinct species of Southern Appalachian violets (Viola sororia, V. pubescens,andV. pedata). We assessed larval survival in A. diana to the last instar, pupation, and adulthood. Males reared in captivity emerged significantly earlier than females. An ANOVA revealed no evidence of host plant preference by A. diana toward three native violet species. We suggest that restoration of A. diana habitat which promotes a wide array of larval and adult host plants, is urgently needed to conserve this imperiled species into the future. 1. Introduction larvae in cold storage blocks and storing them under con- trolled refrigerated conditions for the duration of their The Diana fritillary, Argynnis (Speyeria) diana (Cramer overwintering period [10]. -
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
J OURNAL OF T HE L EPIDOPTERISTS’ S OCIETY Volume 62 2008 Number 2 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 61(2), 2007, 61–66 COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE IMMATURE STAGES AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FIVE ARGYNNIS SPP. (SUBGENUS SPEYERIA) (NYMPHALIDAE) FROM WASHINGTON DAVID G. JAMES Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 24105 North Bunn Road, Prosser, Washington 99350; email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Comparative illustrations and notes on morphology and biology are provided on the immature stages of five Arg- ynnis spp. (A. cybele leto, A. coronis simaetha, A. zerene picta, A. egleis mcdunnoughi, A. hydaspe rhodope) found in the Pacific Northwest. High quality images allowed separation of the five species in most of their immature stages. Sixth instars of all species possessed a fleshy, eversible osmeterium-like gland located ventrally between the head and first thoracic segment. Dormant first in- star larvae of all species exposed to summer-like conditions (25 ± 0.5º C and continuous illumination), 2.0–2.5 months after hatch- ing, did not feed and died within 6–9 days, indicating the larvae were in diapause. Overwintering of first instars for ~ 80 days in dark- ness at 5 ± 0.5º C, 75 ± 5% r.h. resulted in minimal mortality. Subsequent exposure to summer-like conditions (25 ± 0.5º C and continuous illumination) resulted in breaking of dormancy and commencement of feeding in all species within 2–5 days. Durations of individual instars and complete post-larval feeding development durations were similar for A. coronis, A. zerene, A. egleis and A. -
Evidence from European Butterfly Sister Species
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.282962; this version posted November 3, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The Pleistocene species pump past its prime: 2 evidence from European butterfly sister species 1 1 2 3 Sam Ebdon* , Dominik R. Laetsch , Leonardo Dapporto , 3 4 5 4 Alexander Hayward , Michael G. Ritchie , Vlad Dinc˘a , Roger 6 1 5 Vila , and Konrad Lohse 1 6 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, 7 Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK 2 8 ZEN lab, Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Universit`adi Firenze, 9 Firenze, Italy 3 10 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, 11 Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK 4 12 Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St 13 Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK 5 14 Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, 15 Finland 6 16 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC - Universitat Pompeu 17 Fabra), Passeig Mar´ıtimde la Barceloneta 37, ESP-08003 18 Barcelona, Spain 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.282962; this version posted November 3, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
Coronis Fritillary Field Identification: Reference Guide
Coronis Fritillary Field Identification: Reference Guide Target species: Speyeria coronis coronis (AKA Argynnis coronis coronis) Potential look-alike species: Speyeria callipe elaine; S. egleis egleis; S. egleis oweni; S. egleis mattooni; S. hydaspe hydaspe; S. hesperis cottlei; S. hesperis dodgei; S. zerene gloriosa; S. cybele; Boloria epithore chermocki The most similar looking species is Speyeria zerene. The image below shows three voucher specimens collected during 2011 surveys at Eight Dollar Mountain illustrating the similarities in appearance between S. coronis and S. zerene. The uppermost specimen is S. zerene. The bottom two are S. coronis. This and all other photos in document by Celeste Mazzacano unless otherwise noted. 1 Coronis Fritillary Field Identification: Quick Reference Guide Target species: S. coronis coronis Specimens in box above photographed and compiled by Caitlin LaBar. Specimens from Jackson, Lake and Klamath Counties, Oregon. 2 SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS: Fritillaries in Jackson & Josephine Counties Speyeria coronis nominate: large (>3”); tawny orange ground color; males w/black chains along margins. FW tip drawn out. VHW discs tan to brandy with silver orbs large and ovoid. Marginal silver spots flattened, broadly and flatly capped with olive tan. VHW silver spots not visible from above as lighter areas. Wings longer than S. callipe. May-Sept., peak June, Aug. S. c. coronis: found sparsely in Siskiyous; heavier black marks and darker discs; somewhat larger and darker above and below than nominate. Lack greenish tinge to ventral ground color seen in fresh specimens of other subspp. Speyeria callipe nominate: medium-large (<2.5”); wings relatively short and triangular. Pattern of silver spots beneath conspicuously indicated by lighter spots above.