March 2019 2018 Annual Results Presentation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

March 2019 2018 Annual Results Presentation 2018 Annual Results March 2019 Important Disclaimer and Notice to Recipients Institutional presentation materials By attending the meeting where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation materials, you agree to be bound by the following limitations: The information in this presentation has been prepared by representatives of West China Cement Limited (the “Issuer”) for use in presentations by the Issuer at investor meetings and does not constitute a recommendation or offer regarding the securities of the Issuer. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information, or opinions contained herein. None the Issuer, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited and Nomura International plc, or any of their respective advisors or representatives shall have any responsibility or liability whatsoever (for negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The information set out herein may be subject to updating, completion, revision, verification and amendment and such information may change materially. This presentation is based on the economic, regulatory, market and other conditions as in effect on the date hereof. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect the information contained in this presentation, which neither the Issuer nor its advisors or representatives are under an obligation to update, revise or affirm. The information communicated in this presentation contains certain statements that are or may be forward looking. These statements typically contain words such as "will", "expects" and "anticipates" and words of similar import. By their nature forward looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. Any investment in securities issued by the Issuer will also involve certain risks. There may be additional material risks that are currently not considered to be material or of which the Issuer and its advisors or representatives are unaware. Against the background of these uncertainties, readers should not rely on these forward-looking statements. The Issuer assumes no responsibility to update forward-looking statements or to adapt them to future events or developments. Market data, industry participants data, industry forecasts and statistics in this presentation have been obtained from both public and private sources, including market research, publicly available information and industry publications. This information has not been independently verified by us and we do not make any representation as to the accuracy or completeness of that information. In addition, third-party information providers may have obtained information from market participants and such information may not have been independently verified. Due to possibly inconsistent collection methods and other problems, such statistics herein may be inaccurate. You should not unduly rely on such market data, industry forecasts and statistics. This presentation and the information contained herein do not constitute or form part of any offer for sale or subscription of or solicitation or invitation of any offer to buy or subscribe for any securities of the Issuer. The securities of the Issuer have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and may not be offered, sold or delivered within the United States absent registration under or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the United States securities laws. This presentation and the information contained herein are being furnished to you solely for your information and may not be reproduced or redistributed to any other person, in whole or in part. In particular, neither the information contained in this presentation nor any copy hereof may be, directly or indirectly, taken or transmitted into or distributed in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, the PRC or any other jurisdiction which prohibits the same except in compliance with applicable securities laws. Any failure to comply with this restriction may constitute a violation of U.S. or other national securities laws. No money, securities or other consideration is being solicited, and, if sent in response to this presentation or the information contained herein, will not be accepted. No invitation is made by this presentation or the information contained herein to enter into, or offer to enter into, any agreement to purchase, acquire, dispose of, subscribe for or underwrite any securities or structured products, and no offer is made of any shares in or debentures of the Issuer for purchase or subscription, except as permitted under the laws of Hong Kong. By reviewing this presentation, you are deemed to have represented and agreed that you and any client you represent are outside of the United States. 2 Company Overview Company Overview Western China focus – Shaanxi, Xinjiang and Guizhou The largest Market leader in Southern cement producer in and Eastern Central Shaanxi Province by NSP Shaanxi production capacity Cement capacity: 29.2mt Shaanxi: 23.3mt Xinjiang: 4.1mt Guizhou: 1.8mt ◼ 100% NSP capacity. Matching Clinker/Cement volumes at each plant ◼ Southern Shaanxi core markets: Dominant market position ◼ Eastern Central Shaanxi core market: Access to Xi’an metropolitan market ◼ Xinjiang and Guizhou: Growth opportunities ◼ Well positioned to capitalize on West China development ◼ A key strategic cement asset in North West China 4 2018 Annual Results 2018 Annual Results Highlights ◼ Operational Regional operational metrics (2018) – Period-end installed capacity of 29.2mt (31 Dec 2017: 29.2mt) Central Shaanxi Southern Shaanxi Total – Cement sales volume of 18.1mt (31 Dec 2017: 18.7mt). Including clinker sales Market 18.2mt (31 Dec 2017: 19.1mt). ◼ Highly Competitive ◼ Limited Competition situation – Cement ASP’s of RMB314/t (31 Dec 2017: RMB248/t) 15.01 7.54 Cement 7.47 ◼ Financial Production – Gross Profit increase to RMB1,985.8m (31 Dec 2017: RMB1,185.9m) volume (mt) – EBITDA increase to RMB2,637.0m (31 Dec 2017: RMB1,875.3m) – Profit Attributable to Shareholders RMB1,159.4m (31 Dec 2017: RMB710.8m) High grade High grade High grade – Net Gearing 26.0% (31 Dec 2017: 34.5%) 63% 66% 70% – Cash & cash equivalents of RMB1,075.1m (31 Dec 2017: RMB1,452.4m) Product mix Low grade Low grade Low grade ◼ Further Developments 30% 37% 34% – The Group early redeemed USD80 million 5-year senior note in November and December 2018 Average: 297 Average: 327 Average: 312 302 287 334 317 – Four aggregates production lines with capacities of 7 million tons in total have 316 303 been fully commissioned during 2018 ASP (RMB) High grade Low grade High grade Low grade High grade Low grade 6 Financial Analysis and KPIs RMB Million Ended Ended Ended Ended (unless otherwise specified) 31 Dec 2018 31 Dec 2017 % 31 Dec 2018 31 Dec 2017 Cement Sales Volume 18.1 18.7 (3.2%) ASP/t (RMB) 314 248 Revenue 5,911.7 4,760.0 24.2% GP/t (RMB) 110 63 Gross Profit 1,985.8 1,185.9 67.5% EBITDA 2,637.0 1,875.3 40.6% Trade receivable (4) 10 14 Profit/(Loss) Attributable to Turnover Days 1,159.4 710.8 63.1% Shareholders Inventory (5) 42 48 Basic EPS (cents) 21.3 13.1 62.6% Turnover Days Trade payable Dividend (cents) 2.6 2.6 - 59 58 Turnover Days (6) Gross Profit Margin 33.6% 24.9% 8.7 p.pt EBITDA Margin 44.6% 39.4% 5.2 p.pt As at As at 31 Dec 2018 31 Dec 2017 Total Assets 12,392.1 11,671.9 6.2% Net Debt (1) 1,976.5 2,287.7 (13.6%) Net Gearing (2) 26.0% 34.5% (8.5 p.pt) Net Debt / EBITDA 0.8 1.2 (33.3%) EBITDA / Fixed Charge (3) 11.4 7.4 54.1% Net Assets Per Share(cents) 140 122 14.8% 1.Net debt equal to total borrowings, medium-term notes and senior notes, less bank balances and cash and restricted bank deposits 2.Net Gearing is measured as net debt to equity 3.Fixed charge means gross interest expenses. 4.365 day / (Turnover / Average trade receivable) 5.365 day / (Production cost / Average inventory) 7 6.365 day / (Production cost / Average trade payable) Production Cost Analysis Production Cost Average Coal Cost (RMB mm) (RMB per ton) 4,500.0 800 -21.1% 4.8% 50.6% 3.5% 3,926.0 600 491 508 4,000.0 395 400 311 326 9.7% 3,574.1 200 3,500.0 6.2% 3,285.3 4.9% 5.5% 0 4.4% 3,037.4 3,042.6 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 5.0% 16.5% 3,000.0 3.6% 4.7% 18.1% Average Electricity Cost 6.0% 6.2% 15.5% (RMB per kwh) 2,500.0 18.4% 21.3% 15.6% -1.6% -4.5% -3.5% 16.5% 0.6 0.43 20.5% 0.5 0.423 0.404 0.39 0.40 2,000.0 0.4 19.6% 0.3 19.0% 0.2 1,500.0 27.5% 0.1 24.2% 29.0% 0.0 19.0% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 20.5% 1,000.0 Average Limestone Cost (RMB per ton) 500.0 30.4% 33.4% 24.5% +4.9% -8.1% 28.3% 26.0% -11.4% 23.6% 20.0 17.2 17.3 16.4 15.8 14.0 0.0 15.0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 10.0 Raw material Coal cost Electricity cost Depreciation Labor cost Others 5.0 0.0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 8 Operations & Markets WCC Position in Shaanxi* ◼ Southern Shaanxi – Shangluo, NSP production capacity: NSP production capacity: 19.2 million tons Ankang & Hanzhong 3.6 million tons WCC: 2.2m An area dominated by the Qingling Mountains NSP production capacity: Market shares of 60%-100% in each 13 million tons Yulin NSP production capacity: region 12.5 million tons WCC: 8.5m Limited limestone deposits have resulted in relatively little new cement NSP production capacity: capacity
Recommended publications
  • The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Change of the Vegetation Index in the Upper Reach of Han River Basin in 2000–2016
    Innovative water resources management – understanding and balancing interactions between humankind and nature Proc. IAHS, 379, 287–292, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-287-2018 Open Access © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Analysis of the spatial-temporal change of the vegetation index in the upper reach of Han River Basin in 2000–2016 Jinkai Luan1, Dengfeng Liu1,2, Lianpeng Zhang1, Qiang Huang1, Jiuliang Feng3, Mu Lin4, and Guobao Li5 1State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 2Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 3Shanxi Provincal Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Environment Construction Center, Taiyuan 030002, China 4School of statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China 5Work team of hydraulic of Yulin City, Yulin 719000, China Correspondence: Dengfeng Liu ([email protected]) Received: 29 December 2017 – Revised: 25 March 2018 – Accepted: 26 March 2018 – Published: 5 June 2018 Abstract. Han River is the water source region of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion in China and the ecological projects were implemented since many years ago. In order to monitor the change of vegetation in Han River and evaluate the effect of ecological projects, it is needed to reveal the spatial-temporal change of the vegetation in the upper reach of Han River quantitatively. The study is based on MODIS/Terra NDVI remote sensing data, and analyzes the spatial-temporal changes of the NDVI in August from 2000 to 2016 at pixel scale in the upper reach of Han River Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2020 2019 Annual Results Presentation
    2019 Annual Results March 2020 Important Disclaimer and Notice to Recipients Institutional presentation materials By attending the meeting where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation materials, you agree to be bound by the following limitations: The information in this presentation has been prepared by representatives of West China Cement Limited (the “Issuer”) for use in presentations by the Issuer at investor meetings and does not constitute a recommendation or offer regarding the securities of the Issuer. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information, or opinions contained herein. None the Issuer, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited and Nomura International plc, or any of their respective advisors or representatives shall have any responsibility or liability whatsoever (for negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The information set out herein may be subject to updating, completion, revision, verification and amendment and such information may change materially. This presentation is based on the economic, regulatory, market and other conditions as in effect on the date hereof. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect the information contained in this presentation, which neither the Issuer nor its advisors or representatives are under an obligation to update, revise or affirm. The information communicated in this presentation contains certain statements that are or may be forward looking. These statements typically contain words such as "will", "expects" and "anticipates" and words of similar import.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 32 3rd International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2017) A Case Study on the Tourism-targeted Poverty Alleviation Identification in Hanzhong City of Shaanxi Province Jie Li School of Business Xi’an Fanyi University Xi’an, China Abstract—The identification of tourism-targeted poverty in terms of tourism accurate identification, although some alleviation is the premise of effective poverty alleviation. This scholars have systematically put forward the theory system of paper takes Hanzhong city in southern Shaanxi province as an the tourism accurate identification, for example, based on the example, and draws on the tourism-targeted poverty alleviation targeted poverty alleviation, Deng Xiaohai and Zeng Liang system established by the scholars to carry out a case study on and others proposed the market screening mechanism of the the tourism-targeted poverty alleviation identification in target crowd identification of the tourism poverty alleviation Hanzhong city. The main conclusions include: in terms of and the ―willingness-ability‖ identification model as well as development conditions, there are abundant natural tourism the ―RHB‖ frame of the tourism poverty alleviation project resources and cultural tourism resources in Hanzhong city, but identification. However, there are only 4 relevant cases of its tourism human resources, especially tourism professionals, empirical studies. [2] Based on this, this paper takes Hanzhong are severely lacking;
    [Show full text]
  • Early Cambrian Hyoliths from the North China Platform and Their
    1 Early Cambrian Hyoliths from the North China Platform and their 2 biostratigraphic and palaeogeographic significance 3 4 BING PAN, CHRISTIAN B. SKOVSTED, HAIJING SUN, GUOXIANG LI 5 6 An assemblage of hyoliths, consisting of ten genera and fourteen species, is reported from the lower Cambrian 7 Xinji Formation (Shangwan and Sanjianfang sections) and Houjiashan Formation (Xiaomeiyao section) along the 8 southern margin of the North China Platform. Most species are represented by both conchs and opercula. The 9 orthothecids identified include Conotheca australiensis, Cupitheca holocyclata, Cupitheca costellata, 10 Neogloborilus applanatus, N. spinatus, Tegminites hymenodes, Triplicatella disdoma, Triplicatella xinjia sp. nov. 11 and Paratriplicatella shangwanensis gen. et sp. nov. The hyolithids contain Protomicrocornus triplicensis gen. et 12 sp. nov., Microcornus eximius, M. petilus, Parkula bounites and Parakorilithes mammillatus. However, some taxa 13 possess characteristics of both Hyolithida and Orthothecida, such as C. australiensis, Neogloborilus and 14 Protomicrocornus triplicensis. Protomicrocornus may belong to a sister group of other hyolithids. Teeth of Parkula 15 bounites and clavicles of Parakorilithes mammillatus are discovered for the first time in specimens from North 16 China and South Australia. Conotheca rotunda Qian, Yi & Xiao, 2000 and Conotheca cf. australiensis of Qian et 17 al. (2001) are revised as C. australiensis. Meanwhile, C. australiensis of Wrona 2003 is revised as N. applanatus. 18 Aimitidae of Qian & Zhang 1983, operculum type VI of Qian 1989 and operculum A of Zhang et al. 2017 are 19 revised as N. spinatus. Hyptiotheca Bengtson in Bengtson et al., 1990 is recognized as a junior synonym of 20 Parakorilithes He & Pei, 1984 with Hyptiotheca karraculum Bengtson in Bengtson et al., 1990 and Parakorilithes 21 teretiusculus Qian, 1989 being junior synonyms of Parakorilithes mammillatus He & Pei in He et al., 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Shanxi WLAN Hotspots 1/23
    Shanxi WLAN hotspots NO. SSID Location_Name Location_Type Location_Address City Province 1 ChinaNet Xi'an Beilin Qu friendship distance tea lounge bar entertainment bars Friendship Road No. 260 on the 1st Deputy Xi'An shaanxi 2 ChinaNet Xi'an Aidi Food Management Co., Ltd. entertainment bars Friendship Road 127, creativity Xi'An shaanxi 3 ChinaNet Xi'an Lianhu District Run-Xuan Teahouse entertainment bars Friendship Road 127, 53, deputy Xi'An shaanxi 4 ChinaNet Yanta District in Xi'an Ziwei Wang waterfall poor artists entertainment bars E-249, all the way Xi'An shaanxi Xi'an high-tech zones love Qindao Art of Living Museum 5 ChinaNet entertainment bars E-foot Street North, 103 East Street, I love Qindao cafe Xi'An shaanxi coffee bad language 6 ChinaNet Yanta District in Xi'an Ming Shi-language music coffee tea entertainment bars Han Guang Ming-shi, 100 South Lok coffee language tea Xi'An shaanxi 7 ChinaNet Xi'an Lianhu District Duoji Cafe entertainment bars Labor South on the 17th to pay on the 22nd on the 23rd Xi'An shaanxi 8 ChinaNet Xian Ou goods Food Co., Ltd. entertainment bars Road work on the 17th to pay on the 12th Xi'An shaanxi 9 ChinaNet Henrik Business Hotel hotels Auspicious Road Xi'An shaanxi 10 ChinaNet Xian Ming Jue Dining Entertainment Co., Ltd. entertainment bars High road on the 23rd Xi'An shaanxi 11 ChinaNet Tang Yan Tang Ruins Park Plaza Road entertainment bars Tang Yan Road Xi'An shaanxi 12 ChinaNet HSBC coffee entertainment bars Technology Road Xi'An shaanxi 13 ChinaNet Xi'an high-tech love Investment Group Co., Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Content Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Stone Coal and Parting in Southern Shaanxi, China
    International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy, 2019, 8, 1-13 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcce ISSN Online: 2168-1538 ISSN Print: 2168-152X Content Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Stone Coal and Parting in Southern Shaanxi, China Weiguo Zhang1,2,3, Jianye Yang4, Yuan Shi5, Tingting Lv2, Mengmeng Fan1 1College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China 2Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi’an, China 3Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China 4College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China 5Shanxi Academy of Analytical Sciences, Taiyuan, China How to cite this paper: Zhang, W.G., Abstract Yang, J.Y., Shi, Y., Lv, T.T. and Fan, M.M. (2019) Content Characteristics of Rare Stone coal is a special resource, because it is associated with a variety of rare Earth Elements in Stone Coal and Parting metal elements. The elemental geochemical characteristics of stone coal can in Southern Shaanxi, China. International provide useful information for the study of its formation and evolution his- Journal of Clean Coal and Energy, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcce.2019.81001 tory. The content of rare earth elements in stone coal has been the focus of attention. Stone coal is widely distributed in southern Shaanxi province of Received: January 27, 2019 China. In order to study the content and distribution of rare earth elements Accepted: February 25, 2019 in stone coal, and provide a plan for the comprehensive development and uti- Published: February 28, 2019 lization of stone coal, this study tested the rare earth elements content of Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and stone coal, parting and coal ash samples, respectively, compared the content Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies Among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins
    Article Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins Yijie Sun 1, Jing Li 1,*, Xianfeng Liu 1, Zhiyuan Ren 1, Zixiang Zhou 2 and Yifang Duan 1 1 School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (X.L.); renzhy.snnu.edu.cn (Z.R.); [email protected] (Y.D.) 2 College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 January 2020; Accepted: 7 February 2020; Published: 12 February 2020 Abstract: Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is the basis of sustainable ecosystem management. The ecological environment of valley basins is very fragile, while bearing the enormous pressure of economic development and population growth, which has damaged the balance of the ecosystem structure and ecosystem services. In this study, we selected two typical valley basins—Guanzhong Basin and Hanzhong Basin—as study areas. The spatial heterogeneity of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ESs (net primary production (NPP), habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and food supply (FS)) were quantified using the correlation analysis and spatial overlay based on the gird scale to quantitatively analyze and compare the interaction among ESs in two basins. Our results found that: (1) Trade-offs between FS and other four services NPP, HQ, SC, and WC were discovered in two basins, and there were synergistic relationships between NPP, HQ, SC, and WC.
    [Show full text]
  • The China Northwest Cohort Study
    Cohort Prole: The China Northwest Cohort study Chao Li ( [email protected] ) Xi'an Jiaotong University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-1739 Yezhou Liu Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Guoshuai Shi Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Baibing Mi Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Lingxia Zeng Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Yuxue Bi Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Qiang Li Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Yuan Shen Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Yaling Zhao Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Leilei Pei Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Yijun Kang Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Shengbing Xiao Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xin Liu Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy Health Science Center Jianghong Dai Xinjiang Medical University Yuhong Zhang Ningxia Medical University Xinhua Wang Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Xiaojie Wang Qinghai Center for Prevention and Control Duolao Wang Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Hong Yan Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Shaonong Dang Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Study protocol Page 1/16 Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Prospective study, Northwest China Posted Date: January 28th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-154941/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 2/16 Abstract Background The China Northwest Cohort study (CNC), a community population-based prospective observational study, aimed to investigate specic aetiology causes of NCDs and the long-term health hazards of NCDs in the northwest region of China with different ethnic groups.
    [Show full text]
  • 38.Construction of Commercial Beef Cattle Production Base in Chengcheng County (Shanxi Chengcheng Qinmu Breeding Ltd.)
    35126 v 5 Social Assessment Report for World Bank Financed China Public Disclosure Authorized Agricultural Technology Project Shanxi Sub-report Content I. Project Background....................................................................................................................... 3 II. Overall Project Classification, Introduction and Suggestions for Each Project........................... 4 1.Study into Western Agricultural Resources Management and Sustainable Development Strategy Public Disclosure Authorized (Development Planning Bureau for Yangling Demonstration Zone) ............................................. 4 2.Yangling Agro-tech Major Market (Yangling Modern Agricultural Development Ltd., S&T Information Center of Demonstration Zone and Yangling Agricultural Intellectual Property Information Center)........................................................................................................................ 5 3.High-quality Forest and Grass Breeding Base (Yangling Zhongfu Green Silicon Valley Inc.)... 5 4. Beef cattle fine breed breeding and beef cattle fattening (Yangling Qinfeng Meat Foods Ltd.) 6 5. Yangling High-quality Fruit Variety Planting Demonstration Base (Yangling Shenfeng Farming and Forestry Technologies Sand Control Ltd.) ................................................................ 7 6.Grape and wine production (Shanxi Jufeng Technologies Inc.).................................................. 8 7.Industrialization of organic vegetables in Yangling (Yangling Qinfeng Agro-tech Inc., Dingtian
    [Show full text]