Article Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins Yijie Sun 1, Jing Li 1,*, Xianfeng Liu 1, Zhiyuan Ren 1, Zixiang Zhou 2 and Yifang Duan 1 1 School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
[email protected] (Y.S.);
[email protected] (X.L.); renzhy.snnu.edu.cn (Z.R.);
[email protected] (Y.D.) 2 College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
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[email protected] Received: 12 January 2020; Accepted: 7 February 2020; Published: 12 February 2020 Abstract: Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is the basis of sustainable ecosystem management. The ecological environment of valley basins is very fragile, while bearing the enormous pressure of economic development and population growth, which has damaged the balance of the ecosystem structure and ecosystem services. In this study, we selected two typical valley basins—Guanzhong Basin and Hanzhong Basin—as study areas. The spatial heterogeneity of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ESs (net primary production (NPP), habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and food supply (FS)) were quantified using the correlation analysis and spatial overlay based on the gird scale to quantitatively analyze and compare the interaction among ESs in two basins. Our results found that: (1) Trade-offs between FS and other four services NPP, HQ, SC, and WC were discovered in two basins, and there were synergistic relationships between NPP, HQ, SC, and WC.