DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.LEXICAL ACCESS in L2 SPEECH PRODUCTION: A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.LEXICAL ACCESS in L2 SPEECH PRODUCTION: A Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies E-ISSN: 2175-8026 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brasil Vergine Vieira, Gicele LEXICAL ACCESS IN L2 SPEECH PRODUCTION: A CONTROLLED SERIAL SEARCH TASK Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies, vol. 70, núm. 3, septiembre-diciembre, 2017, pp. 245-264 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=478355306007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.5007/2175-8026.2017v70n3p245 LEXICAL ACCESS IN L2 SPEECH PRODUCTION: A CONTROLLED SERIAL SEARCH TASK Gicele Vergine Vieira* Instituto Federal Catarinense Blumenau, BR Abstract When it comes to lexical access in L2 speech production, working memory (WM) seems to play a central role, as less automatized procedures require more WM capacity to be executed (Prebianca, 2007). With that in mind, this article aims at claiming that bilingual lexical access qualiies as a controlled serial strategic search task susceptible to individual diferences in WM capacity. Evidence in support of such claim is provided by the results of Prebianca (2010) study conducted so as to investigate the relationship between L2 lexical access, WMC and L2 proiciency. Prebianca (2010) indings indicate that bilingual lexical access entails underlying processes such as cue generation, set delimitation, serial search and monitoring, which to be carried out require the allocation of attention. Attention is limited and, as a result, only higher spans were able to perform these underlying processes automatically. Key-words: L2 speech production; Lexical access; Controlled serial search; Working memory capacity. 1 Introduction are highly automatic processes that do not depend on attention to be performed. he production of intentional and luent speech1 As proposed by Levelt, the core process of speaking has been said to require the orchestration of a number of is word selection upon which all other linguistic mental operations involving conceptual and linguistic processes operate. Word selection or lexical access,2 processes (Levelt, 1989). From an information- as is usually referred to in the literature on speech processing perspective (Shifrin; Schneider, 1977), production, is said to occur under competition. hat some of these processes are performed automatically is, when a concept speciied in the conceptual message, and some are performed under attentional control. In activates a word in the mental lexical, this activation his L1 adult speech production model, Levelt (1989) spreads along the lexico-semantic network, and several acknowledges that conceptualizing a message to be related words (words that share meaning or any other verbalized in one’s language and monitoring the output related characteristic) also become activated, competing of such verbalization are processes that require attention for selection. he extent to which such competition to be executed, since they are controlled by the speaker interferes with the selection of the appropriate word is himself. On the other hand, linguistic processes such as said to be related to how strong the connections between selecting and retrieving words to express the conceptual words are (de Groot, 1992). How this competition is message, giving the message sound and articulating it, solved by the lexical retrieval system is still a matter of * Doutora em Letras Inglês pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, com ênfase em Linguística Aplicada. Coordena o grupo de pesquisa Linguagem, Cognição e Tecnologia. Investiga a aquisição de língua estrangeira (L2) mediada pelo uso da tecnologia, bem como os aspectos cognitivos de aquisição e uso da L2. Atua como professora no ensino médio integrado, nos cursos de graduação e no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação do Instituto Federal Catarinense. Seu e-mail é [email protected]. Esta obra tem licença Creative Commons 246 Gicele Vergine Vieira, Lexical access in L2 speech production: a controlled serial search task contention but, more importantly, because accessing items in the intended and non-intended languages. he words in L1 is so automatized, few selection errors question of whether lexical items of both languages are made and speech production generally proceeds compete for selection has received great attention in smoothly to articulation. bilingual research. here is nowadays plenty of evidence he panorama seems to be a very diferent one when in favor of a language non-speciic approach to lexical speech is produced in L2.3 It is now widely accepted selection. On this view, items of both languages that that L2 speakers hold a great amount of explicit and share the same characteristics with the preverbal underdeveloped knowledge of the second language, message are activated, competing for selection at the thus resorting to more controlled processing, especially semantic and phonological level. Cascading models in initial learning4 phases (Kormos, 2006). Because of L1 speech production have shown that not only the the L2 lacks automatization, speech production in the selected items send activation to their corresponding second language runs serially, thus causing L2 speech phonemes, but also non-selected ones have their to be more hesitant, disluent and open to L1 inluence phonological information activated (Morsella and (Poulisse, 1997; Fortkamp, 2000; Kormos, 2006). Word Miozzo, 2002). retrieval, in this scenario, besides sufering from lack of As an attempt to address the issues involved in L2 automaticity, is also afected by lexical representations speech production, Kormos (2006) proposed an L2 that lack strong connections with the L2 conceptual speaking model based on Levelt et al.’s (1999) revised system, forming a less integrated lexicon in relation to blueprint for the speaker. In this recent model, Kormos L1(Kormos, 2006; de Groot, 1995), and by competition makes important assumptions regarding knowledge from other L2 and L1 related items. Serial processing automatization in L2 and the way it afects speech of explicitly stored retrieval procedures, weaker lexical production processes. According to her, because several representations, and lexical competition render L2 lexical encoding procedures are not fully automatized in lexical access an attention-demanding task. L2, bilingual speakers must have access to an additional Although L1 speech production models such as knowledge store – a declarative store for syntactic Levelt (1989) and Levelt et al. (1999) have provided L2 rules. With increasing proiciency the declarative a comprehensive account of the mental/cognitive knowledge of L2 rules may become automatized and processes involved in monolingual lexical access, several then lexical processing may develop on a continuum, issues remain unresolved when turning to bilingual from serial to parallel processing, allowing for a more speech processing. Adding an L2 component to L1 native-like speech production. As long as speakers models is far from being an easy and straightforward depend on the use of declarative knowledge, lexical solution, for it raises a bunch of questions particularly encoding can only be serially carried out, requiring in relation to message conceptualization, mental lexicon more attentional control to be executed. organization and lexical retrieval, such as language- Research on bilingual lexical access and working speciicity, the storage of L1 and L2 lexical items in the memory capacity have shown that accessing and same network, and thus, lexical competition. retrieving words in an L2 under competition of In this sense, it is important to remember that related lexical representations in the language in use the retrieval of lexical items is directly afected by the (usually the speaker’s L1) is an attention-demanding way speech is conceptualized and the way the mental cognitive task subject to individual diferences in goal lexicon is conceived. his is particularly true because it maintenance and inhibition of distracting information is the concepts speciied in the preverbal message that (Kroll, Michael, Tokowicz and Dufour, 2002; Tokowicz, will determine which lexical items will be selected to Michael and Kroll, 2004; Christofels, de Groot and verbalize the message one wants to express. hese items Kroll, 2006). Most of these studies, however, have will then be retrieved on the basis of their primitives or not examined the extent to which WMC afects L2 another mental representation and may activate related lexical retrieval under within-language competition Ilha do Desterro v. 70, nº 3, p. 245-264, Florianópolis, set/dez 2017 247 of semantically-related words at diferent levels of information which is relevant to the execution of the proiciency. In other words, the empirical evidence task by ignoring irrelevant stimuli. gathered so far does not tell us which processes are he controlled attention view of WMC is adopted common to both bilingual lexical access (when retrieval as a the major theoretical framework in the present entails L2 response competition) and WMC that cause discussion because it is closely related to the cognitive them to be related or whether those processes change task being addressed,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Task Context Effects in Bilingual Nonword Processing
    Task Context Effects in Bilingual Nonword Processing Kristin Lemhöfer1 and Ralph Radach2 1Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Abstract. To investigate the language-specific or language-integrated nature of bilingual lexical processing in different task contexts, we studied how bilinguals process nonwords that differ in their relative resemblance to the bilinguals’ two languages in different versions of the lexical decision task. Unbalanced German-English bilinguals performed a pure-German, a pure-English, and a mixed lexical decision task on the same set of nonwords that were either very English-like or very German-like. Rejection latencies for these two nonword categories were reversed in the pure-English and pure-German conditions: Nonwords that were more similar to the current target language were rejected more slowly. In the mixed task, reaction times were generally slower, and nonwords resembling the participants’ subdominant language (English) were harder to reject. The results suggest that task context substantially alters the criteria for the word/nonword decision in bilinguals. Keywords: bilingual lexical access, nonwords, lexical decision, language membership coding Investigating how people read and process nonwords has two languages within the bilingual lexicon are functionally proven to be a powerful tool for the understanding of the separate or integrated: Is it the global lexical activation in both structure and function of the mental lexicon. Therefore, most languages(i.e.,
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 the Mental Lexicon of Multilingual Adult Learners of Italian L3: a Study of Word Association Behavior and Cross-Lingual Semantic Priming
    Chapter 4 The mental lexicon of multilingual adult learners of Italian L3: A study of word association behavior and cross-lingual semantic priming Anna Gudmundson Stockholm University This study, a partial replication of the study conducted by Fitzpatrick & Izura (2011) on bilingual speakers, investigates the structure and processing of the mental lex- icon of multilingual speakers of first language (L1) Swedish, second language (L2) English and third language (L3) Italian in order of acquisition. By way of word association tasks in all three languages, the effect of language status (L1, L2, L3) and association category (i.e., the different kinds of word association responses) on reaction time (RT) and association distribution (i.e., proportion of associations in different association categories) is measured. Results show a significant effect of language status on association distribution and on RT. The present study also investigates the effect of long-term cross-lingual semantic priming and lexical me- diation between L3 and L2 in a lexical decision task (LDT), i.e. if the activation of L3 conceptual information is mediated by the corresponding word form in the L2. The primes in this study are English words whose Italian translation equiva- lents were present in the prior L3 Italian word association task. The translation equivalents obtained shorter RTs compared to control words, which indicates that L2 English words were activated during the L3 Italian word association task. The kind of cross-lingual priming found in the multilinguals investigated in this study would imply that, besides the L1, also an L2 could mediate in lexical processing, and that the L1 does not have a privileged status in that respect.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing for Nonselective Bilingual Lexical Access Using L1 Attrited Bilinguals
    brain sciences Article Testing for Nonselective Bilingual Lexical Access Using L1 Attrited Bilinguals He Pu 1,*, Yazmin E. Medina 2, Phillip J. Holcomb 2 and Katherine J. Midgley 2 1 Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA 2 Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; [email protected] (Y.E.M.); [email protected] (P.J.H.); [email protected] (K.J.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-(619)-594-3209 Received: 5 April 2019; Accepted: 27 May 2019; Published: 1 June 2019 Abstract: Research in the past few decades generally supported a nonselective view of bilingual lexical access, where a bilingual’s two languages are both active during monolingual processing. However, recent work by Costa et al. (2017) brought this into question by reinterpreting evidence for nonselectivity in a selective manner. We manipulated the factor of first language (L1) attrition in an event-related potential (ERP) experiment to disentangle Costa and colleagues’ selective processing proposal versus the traditional nonselective processing view of bilingual lexical access. Spanish–English bilinguals demonstrated an N400 effect of L1 attrition during implicit L1 processing in a second language (L2) semantic judgment task, indicating the contribution of variable L1 lexical access during L2 processing. These results are incompatible with Costa and colleagues’ selective model, adding to the literature supporting a nonselective view of bilingual lexical access. Keywords: bilingual lexical access; language-selective access; language-nonselective access; L1 attrition; ERP; N400 1. Introduction For decades, researchers investigated the nature of bilingual lexical access during single-language processing: are bilinguals capable of processing only the target language or are both languages activated? The former view, known as language-selective access, proposes that bilinguals activate lexical units in the target language without non-target language translation activation.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Lexical Access in Speech Production: the Bilingual Case
    Psicológica ISSN: 0211-2159 [email protected] Universitat de València España Costa, Albert; Caramazza, Alfonso Lexical access in speech production: the bilingual case Psicológica, vol. 21, núm. 2, 2000, pp. 403-437 Universitat de València Valencia, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=16921211 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Psicológica (2000), 21, 403-437 Lexical Access in Speech Production: The Bilingual Case Albert Costa*, Àngels Colomé**and Alfonso Caramazza* * Harvard University **Universitat de Barcelona In this paper we review models of lexical access in speech production in bilingual speakers. We focus on two major aspects of lexical access: a) how lexical selection is achieved, and b) whether lexical access involves cascaded or discrete stages of processing. We start by considering the major assumptions of how lexical access works in monolingual speakers, and then proceed to discuss those assumptions in the context of bilingual speakers. The main theoretical models and the most recent experimental evidence in their favor are described. Key words: Speech Production, Lexical Access, Bilingualism. Speaking involves translating concepts and ideas into patterns of sounds produced by our articulatory organs. During this "translation" process, speakers have to retrieve the appropriate words for conveying the intended message. Furthermore, they must combine these words according to the grammatical properties of the language being spoken. Finally, they have to retrieve information about how to articulate the selected words.
    [Show full text]
  • Context Effects in Bilingual Sentence Processing: Task Specificity
    Chapter 2 Context Effects in Bilingual Sentence Processing: Task Specifi city Eva Van Assche , Wouter Duyck , and Robert J. Hartsuiker Abstract This chapter provides an overview of bilingualism research on visual word recognition in sentence context and relates this work to task-specifi c context factors. Many studies examining bilingual word recognition out-of-context have shown that words from both languages become activated when reading in one lan- guage (i.e., language-nonselective lexical access). A recent research line investi- gated whether presentation of words in a sentence context, providing a language cue and/or semantic constraint to restrict lexical access to words in the target language, modulates this language-nonselective activation. Recent lexical decision , transla- tion , naming , and eye - tracking studies suggest that the language of the sentence context cannot restrict lexical access to words of the target language. Eye-tracking studies revealed that semantic constraint of a sentence does not necessarily restrict language-nonselective access, although there is evidence that it has a relatively late effect, and that it affects language-nonselective activation in lexical decision, trans- lation, and naming studies. Introduction A fundamental issue in the domain of bilingualism concerns the organization of the bilingual language system. One viewpoint is that bilinguals have two separate lexi- cons that can be accessed selectively so that they can effectively function like mono- linguals. Another viewpoint is that they have an integrated lexicon containing all words in both languages that can be accessed in a language-nonselective way. In the last decade, more and more researchers have provided evidence for this latter view.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cross-linguistic studies of lexical access and processing in monolingual English and bilingual Hindī-English speakers Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86k9s280 Author Iyer, Gowri Krovi Publication Date 2006 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY Cross-linguistic studies of lexical access and processing in monolingual English and bilingual Hindī-English speakers A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Communicative Disorders by Gowri Krovi Iyer Committee in charge: University of California, San Diego Professor Jeffrey Elman, Co-Chair Professor Victor Ferreira Professor Maria Polinsky San Diego State University Professor Beverly Wulfeck, Chair Professor Judy Reilly Texas A & M University Professor Jyotsna Vaid 2006 Copyright Gowri Krovi Iyer, 2006 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Gowri Krovi Iyer is approved, and it is accceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: Co-Chair Chair University of California, San Diego San Diego State University 2006 iii Dedicated to the loving memory of my mentor, Professor Elizabeth Bates, who has been an inspiration to me both professionally and personally and a truly incredible person who will be missed dearly by all of her colleagues, students, family and friends. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Bilinguals T ∗ Kexin Xionga, , Rinus G
    Journal of Neurolinguistics 55 (2020) 100911 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Neurolinguistics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jneuroling The time course of brain activity in reading identical cognates: An ERP study of Chinese - Japanese bilinguals T ∗ Kexin Xionga, , Rinus G. Verdonschotb, Katsuo Tamaokac,d a Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan c Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan d College of Foreign Languages, Donghua University, Shanghai, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Previous studies suggest that bilinguals’ lexical access is language non-selective, especially for Bilingual cognate recognition orthographically identical translation equivalents across languages (i.e., identical cognates). The Language non-selective activation present study investigated how such words (e.g., 学校 meaning “school” in both Chinese and Chinese - Japanese bilingual Japanese) are processed in the (late) Chinese - Japanese bilingual brain. Using an L2-Japanese Event-related potential (ERP) lexical decision task, both behavioral and electrophysiological data were collected. Reaction N250 times (RTs), as well as the N400 component, showed that cognates are more easily recognized N400 than non-cognates. Additionally, an early component (i.e., the N250), potentially reflecting ac- tivation at the word-form level, was also found. Cognates
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Cognitive Processes
    This article was downloaded by:[Northwestern University] On: 9 October 2007 Access Details: [subscription number 764698746] Publisher: Psychology Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Language and Cognitive Processes Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683153 Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking Henrike K. Blumenfeld a; Viorica Marian a a Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Online Publication Date: 01 August 2007 To cite this Article: Blumenfeld, Henrike K. and Marian, Viorica (2007) 'Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking', Language and Cognitive Processes, 22:5, 633 - 660 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/01690960601000746 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960601000746 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Lexical Processing in the Bilingual Brain: Evidence from Grammatical/Morphological Deficits
    APHASIOLOGY, 2010, 24 (2), 262–287 Lexical processing in the bilingual brain: Evidence from grammatical/morphological deficits Michele Miozzo University of Cambridge, UK, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Albert Costa and Mireia Herna´ndez University of Barcelona, Spain Brenda Rapp Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Background: A few studies have recently documented cases of proficient bilingual individuals who, subsequent to neural injury, suffered selective deficits affecting specific aspects of lexical processing. These cases involved disruption affecting the production of words from a specific grammatical category (verbs or nouns) or the production of irregular versus regular verb forms. Critically, these selective deficits were manifested in a strikingly similar manner across the two languages spoken by each of the individuals. Aims: The present study aims at reviewing these cases of selective cross-linguistic deficits and discussing their implications for theories concerning lexical organisation in the bilingual brain. Methods & Procedures: The studies reviewed here employed a variety of behavioural tests that were specifically designed to investigate the availability in aphasic patients of lexical information concerning nouns and verbs and their morphological characteristics. Outcomes & Results: The brain-damaged bilingual speakers reviewed in the present study exhibited selective deficits for nouns, verbs, or irregularly inflected verbs in both of their languages. Conclusions: The selectivity and cross-language nature of the deficits reviewed here indicates that at least certain language substrates are shared in proficient bilingual people. The fact that these deficits affect grammatical class distinctions and verb inflections—information that is part of the lexicon—further indicates that shared neural substrates support lexical processing in proficient bilingual people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cognate Facilitation Effect in Bilingual Lexical Decision Is Influenced by Stimulus List Composition
    This article is now available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691816302839 THE COGNATE FACILITATION EFFECT IN BILINGUAL LEXICAL DECISION IS INFLUENCED BY STIMULUS LIST COMPOSITION Eva D. Poorta,1 and Jennifer M. Rodda,2 a Department of Experimental Psychology University College London 26 Bedford Way London WC1H 0AP United Kingdom 1 Corresponding author: Eva Poort 26 Bedford Way London WC1H 0AP United Kingdom email: [email protected] 2email: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Cognates share their form and meaning across languages: “winter” in English means the same as “winter” in Dutch. Research has shown that bilinguals process cognates more quickly than words that exist in one language only (e.g. “ant” in English). This finding is taken as strong evidence for the claim that bilinguals have one integrated lexicon and that lexical access is language non- selective. Two English lexical decision experiments with DutchEnglish bilinguals investigated whether the cognate facilitation effect is influenced by stimulus list composition. In Experiment 1, the ‘standard’ version, which included only cognates, English control words and regular non- words, showed significant cognate facilitation (31 ms). In contrast, the ‘mixed’ version, which also included interlingual homographs, pseudohomophones (instead of regular non-words) and Dutch- only words, showed a significantly different profile: a non-significant disadvantage for the cognates (8 ms). Experiment 2 examined the specific impact of these three additional stimuli types and found that only the inclusion of Dutch words significantly reduced the cognate facilitation effect. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that, when the preceding trial was a Dutch word, cognates were recognised up to 50 ms more slowly than English controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Cognates in Bilingual Speakers: a Picture-Word
    USE OF COGNATES IN BILINGUAL SPEAKERS 1 Use of Cognates in Bilingual Speakers: A Picture-Word Interference Paradigm Study Kristina Marchetti A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Wisconsin-River Falls 2015 Naomi Hashimoto, PhD, CCC-SLP Michael Harris, PhD, CCC-SLP David Furniss, PhD USE OF COGNATES IN BILINGUAL SPEAKERS 2 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………….………………………………..……………….4 Chapter 1: Introduction……………….………………………………………………….……..…5 Picture Naming…………………………….…………………………………………..………….5 Discrete & Cascade Models…………………………….…………………………………………7 Lexical Non-Selectivity……………………………….……………………………...………….10 Cognates……………………………………….…………………………………...…….………12 Picture Word Interference Paradigm……………………………………………..….…….…….17 Chapter 2: Purpose…………………………………………….……………………….….…….19 Chapter 3: Method…………………………………………….……………………….…….…..21 Participants………………………………….…………………………………………………....21 Stimuli Development…………………………….………………………….…………………...24 Procedure…………………………………….…………………….………..…………………...24 Chapter 4: Results…………………………………………………………………….………….26 Chapter 5: Discussion………………………………….………………………..……………….27 References………………………………….…………………………………………......……...31 USE OF COGNATES IN BILINGUAL SPEAKERS 3 List of Tables Table 1: Language History……………………………………………………...…………….….22 Table 2: Language Proficiency………………………………………………………………..…22 Table 3: Means and Standard Deviation of reaction times……….…………….………………..26 Appendix A: Stimulus set………………………………………...…………….………………..37
    [Show full text]
  • Lexical Access in Bilingual Speech Production: Language Specific Lexical Selection
    Lexical Access in Bilingual Speech Production: Language Specific Lexical Selection Autor: Val Mejuto, Janire (Licenciada en Filología Inglesa y Máster en Psicolingüística, Profesora de Inglés en Educación Secundaria). Público: Psicolingüística. Materia: Inglés. Idioma: Español. Título: Lexical Access in Bilingual Speech Production: Language Specific Lexical Selection. Resumen The present article explores the mechanisms of bilingual lexical access. That is to say, how bilinguals can speak in one language while the other does not interfere.This process is compared to that followed by a monolingual. In addition, it will also address the issue of code switching and how it affects to bilingual lexical access. Finally, it will also consider how phonology affects this lexical selection, which is often ignored. Palabras clave: bilingualism, lexical access, bilingual brain, code switching. Title: Lexical Access in Bilingual Speech Production: Language Specific Lexical Selection. Abstract The present article explores the mechanisms of bilingual lexical access. That is to say, how bilinguals can speak in one language while the other does not interfere.This process is compared to that followed by a monolingual. In addition, it will also address the issue of code switching and how it affects to bilingual lexical access. Finally, it will also consider how phonology affects this lexical selection, which is often ignored. Keywords: bilingualism, lexical access, bilingual brain, code switching. Recibido 2018-09-28; Aceptado 2018-10-03; Publicado 2018-10-25; Código PD: 100177 Understanding how speakers map abstract concepts and intended messages into sounds has been intriguing psycholinguists in recent years. In addition, bilingualism has provided language production a new and interesting scope for further research.
    [Show full text]