Redalyc.Lexical Access in Speech Production: the Bilingual Case
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Task Context Effects in Bilingual Nonword Processing
Task Context Effects in Bilingual Nonword Processing Kristin Lemhöfer1 and Ralph Radach2 1Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Abstract. To investigate the language-specific or language-integrated nature of bilingual lexical processing in different task contexts, we studied how bilinguals process nonwords that differ in their relative resemblance to the bilinguals’ two languages in different versions of the lexical decision task. Unbalanced German-English bilinguals performed a pure-German, a pure-English, and a mixed lexical decision task on the same set of nonwords that were either very English-like or very German-like. Rejection latencies for these two nonword categories were reversed in the pure-English and pure-German conditions: Nonwords that were more similar to the current target language were rejected more slowly. In the mixed task, reaction times were generally slower, and nonwords resembling the participants’ subdominant language (English) were harder to reject. The results suggest that task context substantially alters the criteria for the word/nonword decision in bilinguals. Keywords: bilingual lexical access, nonwords, lexical decision, language membership coding Investigating how people read and process nonwords has two languages within the bilingual lexicon are functionally proven to be a powerful tool for the understanding of the separate or integrated: Is it the global lexical activation in both structure and function of the mental lexicon. Therefore, most languages(i.e., -
L1 Attrition and the Mental Lexicon Monika Schmid, Barbara Köpke
L1 attrition and the mental lexicon Monika Schmid, Barbara Köpke To cite this version: Monika Schmid, Barbara Köpke. L1 attrition and the mental lexicon. Pavlenko, Aneta. The Bilin- gual Mental Lexicon. Interdisciplinary approaches, Multilingual Matters, pp.209-238, 2009, Bilingual Education & Bilingualism, 978-1-84769-124-8. hal-00981094 HAL Id: hal-00981094 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00981094 Submitted on 20 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 9 L1 attrition and the mental lexicon Monika S. Schmid, Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen & Barbara Köpke, Université de Toulouse – Le Mirail Introduction The bilingual mental lexicon is one of the most thoroughly studied domains within investigations of bilingualism. Psycholinguistic research has focused mostly on its organization or functional architecture, as well as on lexical access or retrieval procedures (see also Meuter, this volume). The dynamics of the bilingual mental lexicon have been investigated mainly in the context of second language acquisition (SLA) and language pathology. Within SLA, an important body of research is devoted to vocabulary learning and teaching (e.g. Bogaards & Laufer, 2004; Ellis, 1994; Hulstijn & Laufer, 2001; Nation, 1990, 1993). In pathology, anomia (i.e. -
Chapter 4 the Mental Lexicon of Multilingual Adult Learners of Italian L3: a Study of Word Association Behavior and Cross-Lingual Semantic Priming
Chapter 4 The mental lexicon of multilingual adult learners of Italian L3: A study of word association behavior and cross-lingual semantic priming Anna Gudmundson Stockholm University This study, a partial replication of the study conducted by Fitzpatrick & Izura (2011) on bilingual speakers, investigates the structure and processing of the mental lex- icon of multilingual speakers of first language (L1) Swedish, second language (L2) English and third language (L3) Italian in order of acquisition. By way of word association tasks in all three languages, the effect of language status (L1, L2, L3) and association category (i.e., the different kinds of word association responses) on reaction time (RT) and association distribution (i.e., proportion of associations in different association categories) is measured. Results show a significant effect of language status on association distribution and on RT. The present study also investigates the effect of long-term cross-lingual semantic priming and lexical me- diation between L3 and L2 in a lexical decision task (LDT), i.e. if the activation of L3 conceptual information is mediated by the corresponding word form in the L2. The primes in this study are English words whose Italian translation equiva- lents were present in the prior L3 Italian word association task. The translation equivalents obtained shorter RTs compared to control words, which indicates that L2 English words were activated during the L3 Italian word association task. The kind of cross-lingual priming found in the multilinguals investigated in this study would imply that, besides the L1, also an L2 could mediate in lexical processing, and that the L1 does not have a privileged status in that respect. -
Mental Lexicon: a Conceptual Framework
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2015 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Mental lexicon: A conceptual framework Othman Aref Al-Dala’ien*, Badri Abdulhakim D.M. Mudhsh **, Ayman Hamid Al-Takhayinh ** Department of Linguistics Aligarh Muslim University AMU Aligarh, India Abstract- The paper discussed the concept of mental lexicon Australians, that is, they are stored as entries in the mental or mental dictionary and some other studies related to the area of lexicon, and therefore an Australian has access to mental lexicon. How lexical items are accessed, acquired and the meanings of these words and can consequently comprehend ordered in the mind is a controversial area for both linguists and the sentence. If one possessed no mental psychologists. The mental lexicon is a complicated structure lexicon, communication through language would be precluded." organized in many ways. This paper discusses the notion of (Marcus Taft, 1999). mental lexicon and what are the similarities and contrasts between mental lexicon and physical dictionary, methods and II. REVIW OF LITERATURE ways used for inquiry and the role of mental lexicon in case of In the early Generative Grammar (Chomsky, 1965) the idea learning and acquisition of language as well as an overview on about the lexicon was just that that it is a list of words on which the language and memory. The paper covers research findings in syntax, the central module, operated. But recently, the study of this area. the lexicon has been given more importance and it has received a The study has conducted on the qualitative method that based up reinforcement from the researches of cognitive psycholinguists on observations and collecting material besides the observations (e.g. -
Testing for Nonselective Bilingual Lexical Access Using L1 Attrited Bilinguals
brain sciences Article Testing for Nonselective Bilingual Lexical Access Using L1 Attrited Bilinguals He Pu 1,*, Yazmin E. Medina 2, Phillip J. Holcomb 2 and Katherine J. Midgley 2 1 Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA 2 Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; [email protected] (Y.E.M.); [email protected] (P.J.H.); [email protected] (K.J.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-(619)-594-3209 Received: 5 April 2019; Accepted: 27 May 2019; Published: 1 June 2019 Abstract: Research in the past few decades generally supported a nonselective view of bilingual lexical access, where a bilingual’s two languages are both active during monolingual processing. However, recent work by Costa et al. (2017) brought this into question by reinterpreting evidence for nonselectivity in a selective manner. We manipulated the factor of first language (L1) attrition in an event-related potential (ERP) experiment to disentangle Costa and colleagues’ selective processing proposal versus the traditional nonselective processing view of bilingual lexical access. Spanish–English bilinguals demonstrated an N400 effect of L1 attrition during implicit L1 processing in a second language (L2) semantic judgment task, indicating the contribution of variable L1 lexical access during L2 processing. These results are incompatible with Costa and colleagues’ selective model, adding to the literature supporting a nonselective view of bilingual lexical access. Keywords: bilingual lexical access; language-selective access; language-nonselective access; L1 attrition; ERP; N400 1. Introduction For decades, researchers investigated the nature of bilingual lexical access during single-language processing: are bilinguals capable of processing only the target language or are both languages activated? The former view, known as language-selective access, proposes that bilinguals activate lexical units in the target language without non-target language translation activation. -
Words in the Mind: Exploring the Relationship Between Word Association and Lexical Development
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ritsumeikan Research Repository Words in the Mind: Exploring the relationship between word association and lexical development Peter W. Roux Abstract Vocabulary acquisition in both L1 and L2 has long relied on the principle of associative language learning to help understand and explain the process of lexical acquisition in the mind of the language learner. To date, L2 studies in this area have however delivered somewhat contentious findings. This study seeks to revisit some of the relevant issues and gain some insight into how words are held in the mind – or, more precisely, to understand the relationship between lexical development and the process of word association (WA). To better understand the relationship between lexical semantics and the mental lexicon, this investigation explores and compares the word associations of a group of Japanese English speakers and a group of English native speakers. It attempts to understand how mental links are made between lexical items in the mental lexicon, a process commonly believed to partially support vocabulary acquisition. Initial findings support general trends in this research area, namely that the word-associations of native and foreign speakers differ in some respects. These however, do not occur to the extent that they may constitute a pattern that may distinguish native from foreign speakers. Findings further highlight the importance of lexical semantics and phonological aspects during word learning, while the importance of developing a robust methodology for the analysis of word association are briefly addressed. To conclude, implications for WA research, the mental lexicon and L2 language learning and teaching are discussed. -
Context Effects in Bilingual Sentence Processing: Task Specificity
Chapter 2 Context Effects in Bilingual Sentence Processing: Task Specifi city Eva Van Assche , Wouter Duyck , and Robert J. Hartsuiker Abstract This chapter provides an overview of bilingualism research on visual word recognition in sentence context and relates this work to task-specifi c context factors. Many studies examining bilingual word recognition out-of-context have shown that words from both languages become activated when reading in one lan- guage (i.e., language-nonselective lexical access). A recent research line investi- gated whether presentation of words in a sentence context, providing a language cue and/or semantic constraint to restrict lexical access to words in the target language, modulates this language-nonselective activation. Recent lexical decision , transla- tion , naming , and eye - tracking studies suggest that the language of the sentence context cannot restrict lexical access to words of the target language. Eye-tracking studies revealed that semantic constraint of a sentence does not necessarily restrict language-nonselective access, although there is evidence that it has a relatively late effect, and that it affects language-nonselective activation in lexical decision, trans- lation, and naming studies. Introduction A fundamental issue in the domain of bilingualism concerns the organization of the bilingual language system. One viewpoint is that bilinguals have two separate lexi- cons that can be accessed selectively so that they can effectively function like mono- linguals. Another viewpoint is that they have an integrated lexicon containing all words in both languages that can be accessed in a language-nonselective way. In the last decade, more and more researchers have provided evidence for this latter view. -
The Multiplex Structure of the Mental Lexicon Influences Picture Naming In
The multiplex structure of the mental lexicon influences picture naming in people with aphasia Nichol Castro1,+ and Massimo Stella2,3,+ 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA 2Institute for Complex Systems Simulation, University of Southampton, UK 3Complex Science Consulting, Italy *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] +These authors contributed equally to this work. October 17, 2018 Abstract An emerging area of research in cognitive science is the utilization of networks to model the structure and processes of the mental lexicon in healthy and clinical populations, like aphasia. Previous research has focused on only one type of word similarity at a time (e.g., semantic relationships), even though words are multi-faceted. Here, we investigate lexical retrieval in a picture naming task from people with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia and healthy controls by utilizing a multiplex network structure that accounts for the interplay between multiple semantic and phonological relationships among words in the mental lexicon. Ex- tending upon previous work, we focused on the global network measure of closeness centrality which is known to capture spreading activation, an important process supporting lexical retrieval. We conducted a series of logistic regression models predicting the probability of correct picture naming. We tested whether multiplex closeness centrality was a better predictor of picture naming performance than single-layer closeness central- ities, other network measures assessing local and meso-scale structure, psycholinguistic variables, and group differences. We also examined production gaps, or the difference between the likelihood of producing a word with the lowest and highest closeness centralities. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cross-linguistic studies of lexical access and processing in monolingual English and bilingual Hindī-English speakers Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86k9s280 Author Iyer, Gowri Krovi Publication Date 2006 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY Cross-linguistic studies of lexical access and processing in monolingual English and bilingual Hindī-English speakers A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Communicative Disorders by Gowri Krovi Iyer Committee in charge: University of California, San Diego Professor Jeffrey Elman, Co-Chair Professor Victor Ferreira Professor Maria Polinsky San Diego State University Professor Beverly Wulfeck, Chair Professor Judy Reilly Texas A & M University Professor Jyotsna Vaid 2006 Copyright Gowri Krovi Iyer, 2006 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Gowri Krovi Iyer is approved, and it is accceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: Co-Chair Chair University of California, San Diego San Diego State University 2006 iii Dedicated to the loving memory of my mentor, Professor Elizabeth Bates, who has been an inspiration to me both professionally and personally and a truly incredible person who will be missed dearly by all of her colleagues, students, family and friends. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS -
Words and Paradigms in the Mental Lexicon by Kaidi L˜Oo a Thesis
Words and Paradigms in the Mental Lexicon by Kaidi Loo˜ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics University of Alberta Examining Committee: Juhani Jarvikivi,¨ Supervisor R. Harald Baayen, Supervisor Antti Arppe, Supervisory Committee Herbert Colston, Examiner James P. Blevins, Examiner c Kaidi Loo,˜ 2018 Abstract This dissertation examines the comprehension and production of Estonian case- inflected nouns. Estonian is a morphologically complex Finno-Ugric language with 14 cases in both singular and plural for each noun. Because storing millions of forms in memory seems implausible, languages like Estonian are often taken to be prime candidates for rule-driven morpheme-based processing. However, not all Estonian nouns actually occur in all their 28 cases, but only in cases that make sense based on the meaning of the word. For instance, for jalg ‘foot/leg’, the nom- inative plural jalad ‘feet/legs’ is very common, whereas the essive singular case jalana ‘as a foot/leg’ rarely ever gets used. Furthermore, Estonian inflected forms cluster into inflectional paradigms, which typically come with only a few inflected variants from which other forms in the paradigm can be predicted. Hence, the number of forms that a speaker would need to memorize is much smaller than the number of forms that one can understand or produce. Based on these observations, we aimed to clarify lexical-distributional prop- erties that co-determine Estonian processing. Using a large number of items and generalized mixed effects modeling, we tested the influence of a number of lexical measures, such as lemma frequency, whole-word frequency, morphological family size, inflectional entropy, orthographic length and orthographic neighbourhood density (all calculated on the basis of a 15-million token Estonian corpus). -
Japanese Bilinguals T ∗ Kexin Xionga, , Rinus G
Journal of Neurolinguistics 55 (2020) 100911 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Neurolinguistics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jneuroling The time course of brain activity in reading identical cognates: An ERP study of Chinese - Japanese bilinguals T ∗ Kexin Xionga, , Rinus G. Verdonschotb, Katsuo Tamaokac,d a Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan c Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan d College of Foreign Languages, Donghua University, Shanghai, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Previous studies suggest that bilinguals’ lexical access is language non-selective, especially for Bilingual cognate recognition orthographically identical translation equivalents across languages (i.e., identical cognates). The Language non-selective activation present study investigated how such words (e.g., 学校 meaning “school” in both Chinese and Chinese - Japanese bilingual Japanese) are processed in the (late) Chinese - Japanese bilingual brain. Using an L2-Japanese Event-related potential (ERP) lexical decision task, both behavioral and electrophysiological data were collected. Reaction N250 times (RTs), as well as the N400 component, showed that cognates are more easily recognized N400 than non-cognates. Additionally, an early component (i.e., the N250), potentially reflecting ac- tivation at the word-form level, was also found. Cognates -
Language and Cognitive Processes
This article was downloaded by:[Northwestern University] On: 9 October 2007 Access Details: [subscription number 764698746] Publisher: Psychology Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Language and Cognitive Processes Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683153 Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking Henrike K. Blumenfeld a; Viorica Marian a a Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Online Publication Date: 01 August 2007 To cite this Article: Blumenfeld, Henrike K. and Marian, Viorica (2007) 'Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking', Language and Cognitive Processes, 22:5, 633 - 660 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/01690960601000746 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960601000746 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.