DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Monitoring Activities Associated with the Live Gene Bank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Monitoring Activities Associated with the Live Gene Bank Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2018/043 Maritimes Region Review of the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Monitoring Activities Associated with the Live Gene Bank Ross A. Jones1, Stephanie M. Ratelle1, Sarah M. Tuziak1, Carolyn Harvie2, Beth Lenentine3, and Patrick T. O’Reilly2 1Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Fisheries Centre 343 University Avenue Moncton, NB, E3C 9B6 2Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography PO Box 1006, 1 Challenger Drive Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2 3Fisheries and Oceans Canada Coldbrook Biodiversity Facility 1420 Fish Hatchery Lane Coldbrook, NS B4R 1B5 February 2020 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat 200 Kent Street Ottawa ON K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2020 ISSN 1919-5044 Correct citation for this publication: Jones, R.A., Ratelle, S.M., Tuziak, S.M., Harvie, C., Lenentine, B., and O’Reilly, P.T. 2020. Review of the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Monitoring Activities Associated with the Live Gene Bank. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2018/043. vii + 128 p. Aussi disponible en français : Jones, R.A., Ratelle, S.M., Tuziak, S.M., Harvie, C., Lenentine, B. et O’Reilly, P.T. 2020. Examen des activités de surveillance du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) de l’intérieur de la baie de Fundy associées à la banque de gènes vivants. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO, Doc. de rech. 2018/043. vii + 141 p. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ V ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INNER BAY OF FUNDY ATLANTIC SALMON ECOLOGY .............................................. 1 1.2 INNER BAY OF FUNDY ATLANTIC SALMON STATUS .................................................. 1 1.3 REVIEW OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................... 2 2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................... 3 2.1 LIVE GENE BANK............................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 Collections and Distributions ..................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Genetic Analysis ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 SMOLT ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Big Salmon River ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Stewiacke River ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Gaspereau River ....................................................................................................... 6 2.3 ADULT ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Big Salmon River ....................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Gaspereau River ....................................................................................................... 8 2.4 LIVE GENE BANK SURVIVAL ......................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 Freshwater Survival Estimates .................................................................................. 9 2.4.2 Marine Survival Estimates ......................................................................................... 9 2.5 PROJECTS ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1 2010-2016 Crossbreeding Experiment in the Petitcodiac River ................................. 9 2.5.2 Electrofishing Surveys ..............................................................................................10 2.5.3 Statistical Analysis ....................................................................................................12 3.0 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 LIVE GENE BANK...........................................................................................................13 3.1.1 Collections ................................................................................................................13 3.2 SMOLT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................13 3.2.1 Big Salmon River ......................................................................................................13 3.2.2 Stewiacke River ........................................................................................................16 3.2.3 Gaspereau River ......................................................................................................17 3.3 ADULT ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................18 3.3.1 Big Salmon River ......................................................................................................18 3.3.2 Gaspereau River ......................................................................................................20 3.4 LIVE GENE BANK SURVIVAL ........................................................................................22 3.4.1 Freshwater Survival Estimates .................................................................................22 3.4.2 Marine Survival Estimates ........................................................................................22 3.5 PROJECTS .....................................................................................................................23 iii 3.5.1 Petitcodiac River Crossbreeding Experiment ............................................................23 3.5.2 Stewiacke River Electrofishing Surveys ....................................................................24 3.5.3 Broadscale Electrofishing Survey Results ................................................................26 4.0 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 28 4.1 CONCLUSION FROM LGB PROGRAM RELEASES ......................................................28 4.2 CONCLUSIONS ON THE OVERALL STOCK STATUS ..................................................30 4.3 OTHER POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION ......................................................................31 5.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... 31 6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 32 7.0 TABLES .............................................................................................................................. 36 8.0 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ 68 9.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 103 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1SW: one sea winter DNA: deoxyribonucleic LGBPG: Live Gene Bank acid pre-grilse 2SW: two sea winter DU: Designatable Unit Lgth: length 3SW: three sea winter Eff.: efficiency Loc.: location A: angling EQU: equalized LoP: Long Pool ABL: Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory EU: European LP: Lodge Pool Ad.: adipose F: female M: mark Ad: adult FC: fin clip M: male AE: aquaculture escapee FFFN: Fort Folly First m: metres Nations AgeR: river age MB: Mast Brow FFHR: Fort Folly Habitat Age : sea age MBF: Mactaquac S Restoration Biodiversity Facility ANOVA: Analysis of FL: fork length Variance Meth.: method FMP: fish management AP: Amateur Pool MLC: mid-lower caudal practice BB: Bonnell Brook MM: month GAK: Gaspereau River BD: blue dye Morts.: mortalities GB: Gravelly Bar BF: Biodiversity Facility MP: Miller Pool GPS: Global Positioning BP: bypass System MSW: multi-sea winter BSR: Big Salmon River H/AC: hatchery adipose- MUC: mid-upper caudal Capt.: capture clip stray N/A: data not available Cat.: category HSD: Honest Significant NB: New Brunswick Difference CBF: Coldbrook NBDERD: New Brunswick Biodiversity Facility IBoF: Inner Bay of Fundy Department of Energy and Resource Development CER: conservation egg JD: Julian day requirement Juv: juvenile NC: not collected cm: centimetres KP: King Pool NMB: New Minas Basin Colc.: Colchester L: large NS: Nova Scotia COSEWIC: Committee on LC: lower caudal NSH: Nashwaak River the Status of Endangered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Barriers to Fish Passage in Nova Scotia the Evolution of Water Control Barriers in Nova Scotia’S Watershed
    Dalhousie University- Environmental Science Barriers to Fish Passage in Nova Scotia The Evolution of Water Control Barriers in Nova Scotia’s Watershed By: Gillian Fielding Supervisor: Shannon Sterling Submitted for ENVS 4901- Environmental Science Honours Abstract Loss of connectivity throughout river systems is one of the most serious effects dams impose on migrating fish species. I examine the extent and dates of aquatic habitat loss due to dam construction in two key salmon regions in Nova Scotia: Inner Bay of Fundy (IBoF) and the Southern Uplands (SU). This work is possible due to the recent progress in the water control structure inventory for the province of Nova Scotia (NSWCD) by Nova Scotia Environment. Findings indicate that 586 dams have been documented in the NSWCD inventory for the entire province. The most common main purpose of dams built throughout Nova Scotia is for hydropower production (21%) and only 14% of dams in the database contain associated fish passage technology. Findings indicate that the SU is impacted by 279 dams, resulting in an upstream habitat loss of 3,008 km of stream length, equivalent to 9.28% of the total stream length within the SU. The most extensive amount of loss occurred from 1920-1930. The IBoF was found to have 131 dams resulting in an upstream habitat loss of 1, 299 km of stream length, equivalent to 7.1% of total stream length. The most extensive amount of upstream habitat loss occurred from 1930-1940. I also examined if given what I have learned about the locations and dates of dam installations, are existent fish population data sufficient to assess the impacts of dams on the IBoF and SU Atlantic salmon populations in Nova Scotia? Results indicate that dams have caused a widespread upstream loss of freshwater habitat in Nova Scotia howeverfish population data do not exist to examine the direct impact of dam construction on the IBoF and SU Atlantic salmon populations in Nova Scotia.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Frequency Analyses for New Brunswick Rivers Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2920
    Flood Frequency Analyses for New Brunswick Rivers Aucoin, F., D. Caissie, N. El-Jabi and N. Turkkan Department of Fisheries and Oceans Gulf Region Oceans and Science Branch Diadromous Fish Section P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, NB, E1C 9B6 2011 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2920 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique.
    [Show full text]
  • Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Canada Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Population St. Lawrence Estuary Population Bay of Fundy Population SOUTHERN GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE POPULATION - THREATENED ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY POPULATION - EXTIRPATED BAY OF FUNDY POPULATION - THREATENED 2004 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2004. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 43 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm) Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Jean Robitaille for writing the status report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Claude Renaud the COSEWIC Freshwater Fish Species Specialist Subcommittee Co-chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Ếgalement disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la situation de bar rayé (Morone saxatilis) au Canada. Cover illustration: Striped Bass — Drawing from Scott and Crossman, 1973. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2004 Catalogue No. CW69-14/421-2005E-PDF ISBN 0-662-39840-8 HTML: CW69-14/421-2005E-HTML 0-662-39841-6 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2004 Common name Striped Bass (Southern Gulf of St.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Ice and Tide Observations in the Bay of Fundy
    A tlantic Geology 195 A review of ice and tide observations in the Bay of Fundy ConDesplanque1 and David J. Mossman2 127 Harding Avenue, Amherst, Nova Scotia B4H 2A8, Canada departm ent of Physics, Engineering and Geoscience, Mount Allison University, 67 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada Date Received April 27, 1998 Date Accepted December 15,1998 Vigorous quasi-equilibrium conditions characterize interactions between land and sea in macrotidal regions. Ephemeral on the scale of geologic time, estuaries around the Bay of Fundy progressively infill with sediments as eustatic sea level rises, forcing fringing salt marshes to form and reform at successively higher levels. Although closely linked to a regime of tides with large amplitude and strong tidal currents, salt marshes near the Bay of Fundy rarely experience overflow. Built up to a level about 1.2 m lower than the highest astronomical tide, only very large tides are able to cover the marshes with a significant depth of water. Peak tides arrive in sets at periods of 7 months, 4.53 years and 18.03 years. Consequently, for months on end, no tidal flooding of the marshes occurs. Most salt marshes are raised to the level of the average tide of the 18-year cycle. The number of tides that can exceed a certain elevation in any given year depends on whether the three main tide-generating factors peak at the same time. Marigrams constructed for the Shubenacadie and Cornwallis river estuaries, Nova Scotia, illustrate how the estuarine tidal wave is reshaped over its course, to form bores, and varies in its sediment-carrying and erosional capacity as a result of changing water-surface gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • Minas Basin, N.S
    An examination of the population characteristics, movement patterns, and recreational fishing of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Minas Basin, N.S. during summer 2008 Report prepared for Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co. Ltd. Contributors: Jeremy E. Broome, Anna M. Redden, Michael J. Dadswell, Don Stewart and Karen Vaudry Acadia Center for Estuarine Research Acadia University Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6 June 2009 2 Executive Summary This striped bass study was initiated because of the known presence of both Shubenacadie River origin and migrant USA striped bass in the Minas Basin, the “threatened” species COSEWIC designation, the existence of a strong recreational fishery, and the potential for impacts on the population due to the operation of in- stream tidal energy technology in the area. Striped bass were sampled from Minas Basin through angling creel census during summer 2008. In total, 574 striped bass were sampled for length, weight, scales, and tissue. In addition, 529 were tagged with individually numbered spaghetti tags. Striped bass ranged in length from 20.7-90.6cm FL, with a mean fork length of 40.5cm. Data from FL(cm) and Wt(Kg) measurements determined a weight-length relationship: LOG(Wt) = 3.30LOG(FL)-5.58. Age frequency showed a range from 1-11 years. The mean age was 4.3 years, with 75% of bass sampled being within the Age 2-4 year class. Total mortality (Z) was estimated to be 0.60. Angling effort totalling 1732 rod hours was recorded from June to October, 2008, with an average 7 anglers fishing per tide. Catch per unit effort (Fish/Rod Hour) was determined to be 0.35, with peak landing periods indicating a relationship with the lunar cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • EIA Final Report (PDF)
    YB299A ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR MODIFICATIONS TO THE PETITCODIAC RIVER CAUSEWAY Submitted to: New Brunswick Department of Supply and Services Fredericton, New Brunswick Submitted by: AMEC Earth & Environmental, A Division of AMEC Americas Limited Fredericton, New Brunswick September 30, 2005 TE23520.4 NB Department of Supply and Services EIA Report Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway September 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background This document is the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway Project. The Petitcodiac River causeway (“causeway”) is a gated dam structure with an installed vertical slot fishway that was built across the Petitcodiac River between the City of Moncton and the Town of Riverview. Figure 1 shows the location of the Petitcodiac River and Figure 2 shows an aerial view of the causeway. Completed in 1968, the causeway was intended to create a second transportation link between the two communities, offer flood protection for farmland between the causeway and the head of tide at Salisbury, and create a freshwater headpond with potential for recreation and as an industrial water source. A bridge would have achieved the transportation objective, but not the other benefits. As early as 1961, it was recognized by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (“DFO”) that fish passage would be an issue if a causeway was built across the Petitcodiac River. Consequently, DFO required that a fishway be included in the structure. However, the construction of the causeway with the fishway resulted in fish passage issues from the outset. The fishway proved ineffective for all fish species that require passage for life cycle purposes, including the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon that is now also protected under the Species at Risk Act because of declining numbers.
    [Show full text]
  • MCP No 02-E.Cdr
    Silica Natural Resources Lands, Minerals and Petroleum Division Mineral Commodity Profile No. 2 ilicon (Si) is the second most common element on Earth after World Production and Reserves Soxygen. Si does not occur naturally in its pure state but instead is found chiefly in mineral form as either silica (SiO2) or silicates. Silica Silica deposits occur, and are mined, in most and/or silicate minerals are a constituent of nearly every rock type in countries. Global silica output is estimated at Earth's crust. roughly 120 Mt to 150 Mt per year (Dumont 2006). The most familiar silica mineral is quartz. In commodity terms, silica About 5.9 Mt of ferrosilicon were produced also refers to geological deposits enriched in quartz and/or other silica worldwide in 2006. The major contributors were minerals. Silica resources include 1) poorly consolidated quartzose China, Russia, United States, Brazil and South sand and gravel, 2) quartz sand/pebbles in consolidated rock (e.g. Africa (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] 2006). quartzose sandstone), 3) quartzite , and 4) quartz veins. Global production of silicon metal reportedly Uses approached 1.2 Mt in 2006, almost half of which came from China (USGS 2006). Other important Silica is hard, chemically inert, has a high melting point, and functions producers are the United States, Brazil, Norway, as a semiconductor—characteristics that give it many industrial France, Russia, South Africa and Australia. applications. Silica deposits generally must be processed to remove iron, clay and other impurities. The most valuable resources contain Silica Consumption in Canada (Total = 2.57 Mt) >98% SiO2 and can be readily crushed into different sizes for the various end products.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentation in the Inner Cornwallis Estuary, Minas Basin, Nova
    166 ABSTRACTS Sedimentation in the inner Cornwallis F.stuary, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia: implications for contaminant accumulation G. Yeo, E. Bishop, A. Dickinson Department of Geology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia BOP JXO, Canada and R. Faas Department of Geology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.SA. The estuary of the Cornwallis River is a macrotidal system Salmon River estuary. Compared to the latter, it is mud-domi­ within the Minas Basin, like the better-known Cobequid Bay - nated. Tidal range and flow conditions are highly variable: Atlantic Geology, July 1991, Volume 27, Number 2 Copyright © 2015 Atlantic Geology ATLANTIC GEOLOOY 167 Site: Port New Kent ville plane or rippled, silty beds are interbedded with water-saturated Williams Minas clays deposited at slack water. Overpressure conditions resulting Spring tide range (m): 12.15 4.1 2.15 from the ebb of overlying waters produce numerous fluidization Max. velocity (cm/s): 177 132 83 features. Min. velocity (cm/s}: 58 29 21 Except where the river has cut into Triassic sandstone, the banks are dyked and locally faced with rip-rap. Along most of Except at slack water, when suspended sediment settles out their length they are mud, deposited from suspension, and inten­ rapidly the water column is well-mixed. Suspended sediment sively gullied. Bank mud deposits are continuously recycled to concentration varies from 50 mg/I near Wolfville to >4.5 g/l at the river by fluidized flow, scouring, or undercutting and slump­ the turbidity maximum between New Minas and Kentville. ing. Seeps and springs are common along the banks at low water.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundy Model Forest Composite of Water Quality Survey Results
    Fundy Model Forest ~Partners in Sustainability~ Report Title : Fundy Model Forest Composite of Water Quality Survey Results Author : McLaughlin, J. Year of project : 2000 Principal contact information: File Name: Soil_and_Water_2000_McLaughlin_ Fundy Model Forest Composite of Water Quality Survey Results Fundy Model Forest The Fundy Model Forest… …Partners in Sustainability “The Fundy Model Forest (FMF) is a partnership of 38 organizations that are promoting sustainable forest management practices in the Acadian Forest region.” Atlantic Society of Fish and Wildlife Biologists Canadian Institute of Forestry Canadian Forest Service City of Moncton Conservation Council of New Brunswick Fisheries and Oceans Canada Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Eel Ground First Nation Elgin Eco Association Elmhurst Outdoors Environment Canada Fawcett Lumber Company Fundy Environmental Action Group Fundy National Park Greater Fundy Ecosystem Research Group INFOR, Inc. J.D. Irving, Limited KC Irving Chair for Sustainable Development Maritime College of Forest Technology NB Department of the Environment and Local Government NB Department of Natural Resources NB Federation of Naturalists New Brunswick Federation of Woodlot Owners NB Premier's Round Table on the Environment & Economy New Brunswick School District 2 New Brunswick School District 6 Nova Forest Alliance Petitcodiac Sportsman's Club Red Bank First Nation Remsoft Inc. Southern New Brunswick Wood Cooperative Limited Sussex and District Chamber of Commerce Sussex Fish and Game Association Town of Sussex Université de Moncton University of NB, Fredericton - Faculty of Forestry University of NB - Saint John Campus Village of Petitcodiac Washademoak Environmentalists Fundy Model Forest Composite of Water Quality Survey Results. April 2000 By Julie McLaughlin B. Sc.(Eng) Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people for their invaluable assistance in gathering the data required for this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Nova Scotia Inland Water Boundaries Item River, Stream Or Brook
    SCHEDULE II 1. (Subsection 2(1)) Nova Scotia inland water boundaries Item River, Stream or Brook Boundary or Reference Point Annapolis County 1. Annapolis River The highway bridge on Queen Street in Bridgetown. 2. Moose River The Highway 1 bridge. Antigonish County 3. Monastery Brook The Highway 104 bridge. 4. Pomquet River The CN Railway bridge. 5. Rights River The CN Railway bridge east of Antigonish. 6. South River The Highway 104 bridge. 7. Tracadie River The Highway 104 bridge. 8. West River The CN Railway bridge east of Antigonish. Cape Breton County 9. Catalone River The highway bridge at Catalone. 10. Fifes Brook (Aconi Brook) The highway bridge at Mill Pond. 11. Gerratt Brook (Gerards Brook) The highway bridge at Victoria Bridge. 12. Mira River The Highway 1 bridge. 13. Six Mile Brook (Lorraine The first bridge upstream from Big Lorraine Harbour. Brook) 14. Sydney River The Sysco Dam at Sydney River. Colchester County 15. Bass River The highway bridge at Bass River. 16. Chiganois River The Highway 2 bridge. 17. Debert River The confluence of the Folly and Debert Rivers. 18. Economy River The highway bridge at Economy. 19. Folly River The confluence of the Debert and Folly Rivers. 20. French River The Highway 6 bridge. 21. Great Village River The aboiteau at the dyke. 22. North River The confluence of the Salmon and North Rivers. 23. Portapique River The highway bridge at Portapique. 24. Salmon River The confluence of the North and Salmon Rivers. 25. Stewiacke River The highway bridge at Stewiacke. 26. Waughs River The Highway 6 bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Cast) Smolt-To- Adult Supplementation (Sas) Experiment Proposal (Phase 1: 2018-2022)
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat National Capital Region Science Advisory Report 2018/014 REVIEW OF RISKS AND BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION FOR ATLANTIC SALMON TOMORROW'S (CAST) SMOLT-TO- ADULT SUPPLEMENTATION (SAS) EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL (PHASE 1: 2018-2022) The Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada, highlighting the two main sub-watersheds associated with the SAS experiments. Figure Smolt-to-adult supplementation (SAS) in the life courtesy of the CAST SAS Experiment Proposal: cycle of Atlantic salmon Phase 1 (2018-2022) (Linnansaari et al. 2017). Context: Recent broad-scale declines in marine survival suggest that the most substantial threat(s) to wild Atlantic salmon in eastern Canada are found in the marine environment, and that the resulting high marine mortality is the primary constraint to the recovery of Atlantic salmon populations (COSEWIC 2010). Smolt-to-adult supplementation (SAS) has been proposed by Collaboration for Atlantic Salmon Tomorrow (CAST), a multi-stakeholder group, as an activity to circumvent low marine survival and to increase the number of spawners and freshwater juvenile production in the Northwest Miramichi River system (New Brunswick). SAS would be a precedent-setting activity for supplementation of Atlantic salmon populations in DFO’s Gulf region, where populations are showing decline but are not yet at immediate risk of extinction. CAST has developed a SAS Experiment Proposal with the goals of determining if SAS is a functional conservation strategy that can be used to supplement Atlantic salmon populations in situations where conservation objectives are not being met due to high at-sea mortality, and to answer identified scientific knowledge gaps regarding the SAS conservation strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the PDF File
    The Dispossession of the Míkmaq Indians from Chignecto to Elsipogtog1: A Case Study Analysis of the Health Determinants of the Physical Environment by Patrick J. Augustine A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Indigenous and Canadian Studies Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2021, Patrick J. Augustine 1 The community uses the Pacifique orthography, while the Francis-Smith system spells it L’sipuktuk (Sable & Francis, 2012). Abstract Traditionally, the Míkmaq enjoyed an interconnected relationship with the land, harvesting what they needed from the earth and the ocean, guided by the concept of Netukulimk, the practice of sustainability. Upon the arrival of European settlers, new trade practices were introduced, and what was once plentiful was quickly depleted. Although the original inhabitants were assured that their lands would be protected by agreements and treaties, these assurances proved to be false, and the traditional relationship with the land was threatened, as the Míkmaq—presaging the fate of most Indigenous Peoples in Canada—were dispossessed of their historical lands and forced to live on reserves; many of them far away from the environments to which they had had biological and spiritual ties. Land is central to our understanding of current Indigenous health issues; centering around how the Míkmaq traditionally employed land and resources, what changes in that relationship were brought about by colonization, and how their removal to reserves influenced their relationship vis-à-vis their environment. In addressing the ways that land policies, post-first contact, were developed and implemented over time, it is possible and necessary to juxtapose that history with the story of the forced mobilization of the Míkmaq and examine the effects that the dispossession of land had upon their livelihood and economic activity.
    [Show full text]