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EIA Final Report (PDF) YB299A ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR MODIFICATIONS TO THE PETITCODIAC RIVER CAUSEWAY Submitted to: New Brunswick Department of Supply and Services Fredericton, New Brunswick Submitted by: AMEC Earth & Environmental, A Division of AMEC Americas Limited Fredericton, New Brunswick September 30, 2005 TE23520.4 NB Department of Supply and Services EIA Report Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway September 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background This document is the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway Project. The Petitcodiac River causeway (“causeway”) is a gated dam structure with an installed vertical slot fishway that was built across the Petitcodiac River between the City of Moncton and the Town of Riverview. Figure 1 shows the location of the Petitcodiac River and Figure 2 shows an aerial view of the causeway. Completed in 1968, the causeway was intended to create a second transportation link between the two communities, offer flood protection for farmland between the causeway and the head of tide at Salisbury, and create a freshwater headpond with potential for recreation and as an industrial water source. A bridge would have achieved the transportation objective, but not the other benefits. As early as 1961, it was recognized by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (“DFO”) that fish passage would be an issue if a causeway was built across the Petitcodiac River. Consequently, DFO required that a fishway be included in the structure. However, the construction of the causeway with the fishway resulted in fish passage issues from the outset. The fishway proved ineffective for all fish species that require passage for life cycle purposes, including the Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon that is now also protected under the Species at Risk Act because of declining numbers. Subsequent modifications to the fishway and gate management have failed to provide a solution to the fish passage issues. The continual efforts to address fish passage issues have largely failed and thus the facility has not met the intent of the original requirement for a fishway in the structure, and also continues to not meet the requirements of Section 20 of the Fisheries Act. The history of the causeway was previously reviewed by Eugene Niles, Special Advisor to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, in his report of February 9, 2001 (the “Niles Report”; Niles, 2001). The Niles Report concluded that fish passage through the causeway gates and fishway has been problematic and continues to be problematic to this day in spite of numerous changes in operational procedures and modifications to the gates and fishway. The Niles Report recommended four possible options to address the fish passage issue. Following a variety of separate reports and actions, and based on the recommendations as presented in the Niles Report, it was resolved that an EIA was necessary to evaluate potential Project Options to address the fish passage and other ecosystem issues. The New Brunswick Department of Supply and Services (NBDSS) were tasked with identifying a means to rectify these issues, and a harmonized federal-provincial EIA was established with the issuance of joint Guidelines. In November 2002, NBDSS contracted AMEC Earth and Environmental, a Division of AMEC Americas Ltd (AMEC) to undertake the EIA. AMEC led a Study Team that comprised experts from AMEC (project managers, engineers, biologists, public consultation facilitator) and experts (biologists, engineers, modellers, EIA practitioners, economists and social scientists) from other firms in Canada including: Jacques Whitford; ADI Limited; Canadian Hydraulics Centre; Gemtec Limited; GPI Atlantic (as recommended by the Niles Report); and Gardner TE235204 Final EIA Report Sept 2005.doc Page (i) NB Department of Supply and Services EIA Report Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway September 2005 Pinfold Consulting Economists Limited. Many of these experts had previously done work involving the Petitcodiac River, and some had up to 30 years of experience in this regard. The Purpose of the EIA The EIA evaluated four Project Options recommended by the Niles Report that were intended to meet the Project Objectives and considered other relevant options identified during the EIA. The Project Objectives were to achieve a long-term solution to fish passage (i.e., achieve compliance with the intent of the original DFO requirement to provide a fishway at the causeway) and other ecosystem issues related to the causeway, including tidal exchange, sediment transport and other physical processes and biophysical functions (e.g., wetlands, populations of flora and fauna, fish habitat). The principal purpose of the EIA was to evaluate and compare the potential environmental effects of the Project Options that meet the fish passage Project Objective (a long-term solution to fish passage; the unimpeded and safe movement, upstream or downstream, of fish between aquatic habitats required for their life cycle), determine if the selected Project Options also meet the other Project Objectives (i.e., ecosystem issues), analyze proposed mitigation and determine significance of the residual environmental effects and compare those to current conditions and the Status Quo (i.e., the current causeway conditions continued into the future). The fish species that were determined to require passage at the causeway were as follows: Atlantic tomcod, rainbow smelt, gaspereau (both alewife and blueback herring), brook trout, American shad, American eel, sea lamprey, Atlantic sturgeon and Atlantic salmon. The EIA Report The EIA Report was the result of almost three years of research, consultation, modelling and analyses conducted by the AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC) Study Team. The AMEC Study Team wrote the EIA Report on behalf of NBDSS. The EIA Report is intended to fulfill the reporting requirements for an Environmental Impact Assessment Report pursuant to the Clean Environment Act—Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (EIA Regulation) and is the supporting document for the Screening Report (to be prepared by the Responsible Authorities) under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA). The EIA and EIA Report fulfill the requirements of the Guidelines for an Environmental Impact Assessment – Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway (the “Guidelines”) issued on July 26, 2002 (New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government (NBDELG), 2002). The Guidelines reflected the Niles Report and a modelling workshop organized by Environment Canada and DFO in March 2002 to address the issues associated with modelling of the Petitcodiac River and identify the path forward for modelling the Petitcodiac River estuary in order to facilitate the EIA. The Terms of Reference, prepared by NBDSS on how the EIA would meet the Guidelines, contained details for carrying out three Component Studies. The Component Studies were completed to provide the information necessary to support the EIA Report. The component studies were a Biophysical Component Study (AMEC, 2005a), a Socio-economic Component Study (AMEC, 2005a) and a Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modelling Component Study (AMEC, 2005b). TE235204 Final EIA Report Sept 2005.doc Page (ii) NB Department of Supply and Services EIA Report Modifications to the Petitcodiac River Causeway September 2005 Scope of the EIA The conduct of the EIA involved thorough consultation and communication with the public, stakeholders and regulatory authorities and meetings with the Aboriginal Community that was ongoing for the duration of the EIA. Issues not previously identified in the Guidelines were documented and addressed in the EIA Report. Thirteen Valued Environmental Components (VECs) were selected for the EIA, comprising a range of biophysical, socio-cultural and economic aspects of the environment that may be affected by the Status Quo and Project Options. These are as follows: • Atmospheric Environment; • Fish and Fish Habitat; • Terrestrial and Wetland Environments; • Municipal Services and Infrastructure; • Road Transportation Network; • Vessel Traffic and Navigation; • Land Use and Value; • Aboriginal Land and Resource Use; • Tourism; • Recreation; • Labour and Economy; • Heritage and Archaeological Resources; and • Public Health and Safety. Existing Conditions The Petitcodiac River estuary (Figure 1) is unique. The estuary is macro-tidal (i.e., with tides averaging 11 m) with an unparalleled suspended sediment loading typically in the order of up to 30,000 mg/L. The causeway (as shown in Figure 2) is located in the upper portion of the estuary, 20 km from the head of tide. There were very few similar examples found elsewhere in the world where fish passage facilities were incorporated in a facility that is located in a macro- tidal estuary and none display the combination of suspended sediments and macro-tidal conditions. The causeway also experiences temperature extremes from 30°C in the summer to –35°C in the winter. The physical nature of the estuary and the presence of the headpond and gates in the causeway, present challenges for the management of sedimentation and results in the potential for ice jamming and related operational issues. Consequently, a complex Gate Management Plan is in place to ensure safe operation of the facility, and in an effort to ensure improved opportunities for passage of some fish species. As stated previously, the Gate Management Plan has failed to meet the DFO requirement
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