DOCSLIB.ORG

CNIDARIA, SCYPHOZOA) M Hingston, G Jarms, H Zibrowius

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CNIDARIA, SCYPHOZOA) M Hingston, G Jarms, H Zibrowius THE ECOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN NAUSITHOIDAE (CNIDARIA, SCYPHOZOA) M Hingston, G Jarms, H Zibrowius To cite this version: M Hingston, G Jarms, H Zibrowius. THE ECOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MEDITER- RANEAN NAUSITHOIDAE (CNIDARIA, SCYPHOZOA). Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Ob- servatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2007, pp.67-74. hal-03234921 HAL Id: hal-03234921 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03234921 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU - LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2007, 57 (1/2) : 67-74 THE ECOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN NAUSITHOIDAE (CNIDARIA, SCYPHOZOA) M. C. HINGSTON 1, G. JARMS 1*, H. ZIBROWIUS 2 1 Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Present address: University of Auckland, School of Biological Science, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 2 CNRS UMR6540-DIMAR, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France Corresponding author: [email protected] SCYPHOZOA A B S T R A C T. – Coronates occur in all oceans from coastal to abyssal waters. In the Mediter- CORONATAE ranean, three of the six local nausithoid species inhabit marine caves. They have a reduced NAUSITHOIDAE PHYLOGENY pelagic life stage in common, which presumably offers them advantages in cave or shallow MARINE CAVES water habitats, though the mechanisms diff e r. Within that small number of species, apogamy, parthenogenesis, hermaphrodity and brood care are encountered. In this study, knowledge of habitat and ecology of the Mediterranean Nausithoidae is compiled and the relationships of the species are investigated through a combined approach of morphological and molecular charac- ter analysis. Three clades are evidenced. These results are corroborated by studies of the life cycles and observations on the behaviour. INTRODUCTION photic zone, and a low level of hydrodynamic agitation. Knowledge of solitary nausithoid polyps as part of the There are an estimated 50 species belonging to the cave fauna is necessarily younger than that of deep-water Coronatae (Scyphozoa), the Nausithoidae (Bigelow, 1913) occurrences revealed by dredging and dates back to this being one of the six families. The family Nausithoidae period. The relative abundance of solitary stephanoscy- includes the genera Na u s i t h o e (K ö l l i k e r , 1853), Pa l e p h y r a phistomae in semi-obscure caves in the Marseille region (Haeckel, 1880) and T h e c o s c y p h u s ( We r n e r, 1980). T h e was discovered by Zibrowius during dives in 1964. These life cycle of Scyphozoa is an example of metagenesis and forms were first identified, tentatively, as S t e p h a n o s c y - typically consists of an alternation between a sessile, asex- phus simplex, but soon recognised by Werner as distinct ual polyp generation and a mobile, sexual medusa genera- forms leading to several trips to Marseille where live tion. Various alterations are derived from typical metagen- material was collected for him. Werner was the first who, esis. Of the eight species of Coronatae presently known in by rearing experiments, noticed the peculiar reductions in the Mediterranean, the holopelagic Periphylla periphylla the species’ lifecycles. Cave or coastal habitats of the has no polyp at all (Jarms et al. 1999) while the life cycle Mediterranean scyphistomae seem to be linked to an of Paraphyllina ransoni is still unknown (Jarms 2003). A emphasis on the polyp generation during metagenesis. further six species are assigned to the Nausithoidae. Whether or not the reduction of the medusae signifies Nausithoe punctata, N. werneri and N. marg i n a t a a l l a general trend in species found in marine caves, and how exhibit a typical metagenesis (Thiel 1936, Jarms 1990), often it occurred, on multiple occasions or only once, are but N. planulophora is apogamous, producing planuloids the actual questions. These questions can be expected to instead of ephyrae (Werner 1971, Werner 1983, Werner & be answered by examining the relations between species Hentschel 1983). Thecoscyphus zibrow i i is parthenogenet- with a complete metagenesis and those with a reduced life ic (Sötje 1998, Jarms & Sötje 1999). The hermaphroditic cycle. The systematic classification of the Coronatae is eumedusoids produced during strobilation in N. eumedu - l a rgely based on morphological characters, but, because s o i d e s remain attached to the strobila (Werner 1974). T h e of their simple morphology (Jarms 1991, 2002), they species with reduced life cycles were all found in marine have few morphological characters useful for analysis. caves. We therefore also use life cycle data and molecular mark- Autonomous diving techniques, having become more ers. Elsewhere, the latter have proven useful in cases and more widely employed by marine biologists since the where traditional phylogenetic reconstruction did not pro- 1950s and 60s, sparked an intense interest in the fauna of vide any solution (Bridge et al. 1995). A c o m b i n e d submarine caves with concomitant special attention being approach through a morphological character analysis and paid to similarities between cave and bathyal ecosystems a molecular analysis of the 5’ end of the 28s rDNA w a s (Harmelin et al. 1985, Vacelet et al. 1994): the absence of carried out. The results are compared to data on the light, low importation flux of organic matter from the species ecology. 68 M. C. HINGSTON, G. JARMS, H. ZIBROWIUS MATERIALAND METHODS group, but due to the close molecular grouping with the species N. marg i n a t a a more remote outgroup species was subsequently The specimens were collected by Zibrowius (since 1964), found in Ti b u ronia granro j o (Semaeostomeae, Ulmaridae, Gen- Werner (1975), Jarms (1981) and Sötje (2000). All species were bank accession number AY149900). kept alive at the Hamburg University following the protocols The alignment was carried out manually using GeneDoc developed by Werner (1971) and revised by Jarms (2002). Fur- (Nicholas et al. 1997). Parsimony informative sites were located ther material for morphological analysis was obtained from the with DnaSP (Rozas et al. 2003). Phylogenetic analyses of the Zoological Museum of the University of Hamburg. Ecological sequences were conducted with Mega2 (Kumar et al. 1 9 9 3 ) data were provided by Zibrowius who collected most of the using the distance method based on Tamura and Nei (1993). specimens. For the evaluation of the species morphology, a list Maximum parsimony, neighbour joining and minimum evolu- of known characters was compiled and used in the analysis. tion trees were generated. Bootstrap sequences were generated These characters include the shape of the chitinous exoskeleton, to test branch support (Felsenstein 1985). A network was creat- as described by the ratio of diameter to the length of the tube, ed using the split decomposition method (Bandelt & Dress termed “Formquotient” by Jarms (1991). The Formquotient at 1992) of the program Splits Tree (Huson 1996). It allowed for two and five mm tube length was used as a character state for the concurrent presentation of more than one possible means of the specific growth pattern of the polyps (with the exception of branching, thus coherent data were shown as a tree while uncer- N. punctata, which exhibits colonial growth). The structure of tain data were given as a wide network (Page & Holmes 1998). the outer tube layer varied, the presence or absence of stripes was defined as a character state. The teeth were also used to Table I. - List of morphological characters used for the phyloge- define characters, v i a their presence or absence as well as their netic analysis of the Mediterranean Nausithoidae. n u m b e r. Lamellar thickenings of the inner wall were considered 1 – Formquotient at 2 mm: 0: larger or equal to 0.2, 1: smaller as another character. The soft body of the polyp had few charac- than 0.2, ?: indistinguishable due to colonial growth pattern. ters, only the maximal number of tentacles was used in this 2 – Formquotient at 5 mm: 0: larger or equal to 0.2, 1: smaller study. The observed processes of strobilation offered more char- than 0.2, ?: indistinguishable due to colonial growth pattern. acter states. Ephyra characters included the occurrence or 3 – Structure of outer layer of tube: 0: regularely structured absence of tentacles. Medusae characters were defined by the with perpendicular vertical and horizontal marks, 1: modi- occurrence of rhopalia, the shape of the manubrium and the fied outer structure. number and origin of gonads. A complete list of the characters is 4 – Existence of tooth whorl: 0: with tooth whorl, 1: without given in Table I. The morphological analysis was carried out tooth whorl. with A t o rella vanhoeffeni (Coronatae, Atorellidae) as outgroup. 5 – Number of teeth in whorl: 0: 8 teeth, 1: 16 teeth, ?: without The defined characters where incorporated into an unweighted tooth whorl. matrix. Missing characters were treated as neutral. The matrix 6 – Surface teeth on whorl: 0: few to None, 1: many, ?: without was analysed using a maximum parsimony method within the tooth whorl.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Final Report
    Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians SERDP Project # CP-1251 Performing Organization: Brian R. Kreiser Department of Biological Sciences 118 College Drive #5018 University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 601-266-6556 [email protected] Date: 4/15/04 Revision #: ?? Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Acronyms ii List of Figures iv List of Tables vi Acknowledgements 1 Executive Summary 2 Background 2 Methods 2 Results 3 Conclusions 5 Transition Plan 5 Recommendations 6 Objective 7 Background 8 The Problem and Approach 8 Why cnidarians? 9 Indicators of ballast water exchange 9 Materials and Methods 11 Phase I. Specimens 11 DNA Isolation 11 Marker Identification 11 Taxa identifications 13 Phase II. Detection ability 13 Detection limits 14 Testing mixed samples 14 Phase III. 14 Results and Accomplishments 16 Phase I. Specimens 16 DNA Isolation 16 Marker Identification 16 Taxa identifications 17 i RFLPs of 16S rRNA 17 Phase II. Detection ability 18 Detection limits 19 Testing mixed samples 19 Phase III. DNA extractions 19 PCR results 20 Conclusions 21 Summary, utility and follow-on efforts 21 Economic feasibility 22 Transition plan 23 Recommendations 23 Literature Cited 24 Appendices A - Supporting Data 27 B - List of Technical Publications 50 ii List of Acronyms DGGE - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DMSO - dimethyl sulfoxide DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid ITS - internal transcribed spacer mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA PCR - polymerase chain reaction rRNA - ribosomal RNA - ribonucleic acid RFLPs - restriction fragment length polymorphisms SSCP - single strand conformation polymorphisms iii List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
    FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Scyphozoa: Coronatae) Support the Concept of Perennation by Tissue Saving and Con- Firm Dormancy
    EXPERIMENTS IN NATURE AND LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS WITH NAUSITHOE AUREA (SCYPHOZOA: CORONATAE) SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF PERENNATION BY TISSUE SAVING AND CON- FIRM DORMANCY Fábio Lang da Silveira1 (correspondence author; correspondência para), Gerhard Jarms2 & André Carrara Morandini1 Biota Neotropica v2 (n2) – http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/abstract?article+BN02202022002 Date Received 07/19/2002 Revised 09/23/2002 Accepted 10/02/2002 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Tel.:+55-11-30917619 Fax: +55-11-30917513 2 Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Tel.: +49-40-428382086 Fax: +49-40-428382086 e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Stephanocyphistomae of Nausithoe aurea from São Paulo State, Brazil (in subtropical western South Atlantic wa- ters), were relocated with their substrata in nature to study their survivorship under control and and experimental series — i.e. the polyps in the original orientation and inverted, and in each series exposed and buried polyps. We found that N. aurea survives over 13 months in nature, between 1/3 – 1/4 of 268 stephanoscyphistomae as normal feeding polyps, by segmentation produces planuloids and rejuvenates the polyps — an additional explanation for clustering of the solitary stephanocyphistomae. Dormant living tissues within the periderm of the tube were considered resting stages. The results support the concept that coronates in general have the capacity to save all living tissue and transform it to the energy saving sessile stage — the perennial polyp.
    [Show full text]
  • New Record of Nausithoe Werneri (Scyphozoa, Coronatae
    ZooKeys 984: 1–21 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.984.56380 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New record of Nausithoe werneri (Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Nausithoidae) from the Brazilian coast and a new synonymy for Nausithoe maculata Clarissa Garbi Molinari1, Maximiliano Manuel Maronna1, André Carrara Morandini1,2 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil 2 Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rodovia Manuel Hypólito do Rego km 131.5, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil Corresponding author: Clarissa G. Molinari ([email protected]) Academic editor: B.W. Hoeksema | Received 10 July 2020 | Accepted 20 September 2020 | Published 4 November 2020 http://zoobank.org/22EB0B21-7A27-43FB-B902-58061BA59B73 Citation: Molinari CG, Maronna MM, Morandini AC (2020) New record of Nausithoe werneri (Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Nausithoidae) from the Brazilian coast and a new synonymy for Nausithoe maculata. ZooKeys 984: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.56380 Abstract The order Coronatae (Scyphozoa) includes six families, of which Nausithoidae Haeckel, 1880 is the most diverse with 26 species. Along the Brazilian coast, three species of the genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 have been recorded: Nausithoe atlantica Broch, 1914, Nausithoe punctata Kölliker, 1853, and Nausithoe aurea Silveira & Morandini, 1997. Living polyps (n = 9) of an unidentified nausithoid were collected in September 2002 off Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil) at a depth of 227 m, and have been kept in culture since then.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability and Plasticity of the Nutrition of Zooxanthellate Jellyfishes : Insights from Experimental and Field Studies Nicolas Djeghri
    Variability and plasticity of the nutrition of zooxanthellate jellyfishes : insights from experimental and field studies Nicolas Djeghri To cite this version: Nicolas Djeghri. Variability and plasticity of the nutrition of zooxanthellate jellyfishes : insights from experimental and field studies. Ecosystems. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2019. English. NNT : 2019BRES0061. tel-02524884 HAL Id: tel-02524884 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02524884 Submitted on 30 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 598 Sciences de la Mer et du littoral Spécialité : Ecologie Marine Par Nicolas DJEGHRI Variability and Plasticity of the Nutrition of Zooxanthellate Jellyfishes Insights from experimental and field studies. Variabilité et Plasticité de la Nutrition des Méduses à Zooxanthelles Apports expérimentaux et de terrain. Thèse présentée et soutenue à Plouzané, le 2 décembre 2019 Unité de recherche : Lemar Rapporteurs
    [Show full text]
  • Jellyfish Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems
    Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools Tomás Ferreira Costa Rodrigues Mestrado em Biologia e Gestão da Qualidade da Água Departamento de Biologia 2019 Orientador Prof. Dr. Agostinho Antunes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Coorientador Dr. Daniela Almeida, CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ FCUP i Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools À minha avó que me ensinou que para alcançar algo é necessário muito trabalho e sacrifício. FCUP ii Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Agostinho Antunes, for accepting me into his group and for his support and advice during this journey. My most sincere thanks to my co-supervisor, Dr. Daniela Almeida, for teaching, helping and guiding me in all the steps, for proposing me all the challenges and for making me realize that work pays off. This project was funded in part by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2019 through National Funds provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/MCTES and the ERDF in the framework of the program PT2020, by the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program–COMPETE 2020 and by National Funds through the FCT under the project PTDC/MAR-BIO/0440/2014 “Towards an integrated approach to enhance predictive accuracy of jellyfish impact on coastal marine ecosystems”.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Deep-Sea Ecosystems: Biodiversity, Functioning and Vulnerability”
    MEDITERRANEAN DEEP -SEA ECOSYSTEMS : BIODIVERSITY , FUNCTIONING AND VULNERABILITY ECOSISTÈMES PROFUNDS DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA : BIODIVERSITAT , FUNCIONAMENT I VULNERABILITAT Samuele Tecchio Memòria presentada per a optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de Barcelona Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat Directors: Dr. Francisco Sardà Amills Dra. Eva Zoe Ramírez Llodra Dept. de Recursos Marins Renovables Dept. de Recursos Marins Renovables Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) Tutor: Dra. Creu Palacín Cabañas Dept. de Biologia Animal 2012 “Mediterranean deep-sea ecosystems: biodiversity, functioning and vulnerability” The author has been financed by a JAE pre-doctoral grant from the Spanish Research Council (CSIC), from December 2008 to November 2012. This work has been carried out in the framework of the following research projects: - BIOFUN (CTM2007-28739-E), from the European Science Foundation (ESF); - PROMETEO (CTM2007-66316-C02/MAR), from the CYCIT, Spain; - HERMIONE (G.A. 226354), from the European Union. Preface: three paths In offering this book to the public the writer uses no sophistry as an excuse for its existence. The hypocritical cant of reformed (?) gamblers, or whining, mealymouthed pretensions of piety, are not foisted as a justification for imparting the knowledge it contains. […] It may caution the unwary who are innocent of guile, and it may inspire the crafty by enlightenment on artifice. […] But it will not make the innocent vicious, or transform the pastime player into a professional; or make the fool wise, or surtail thae annual crop of suckers, but whatever the result may be, if it sells it will accomplish the primary motive of its author, as he needs the money.
    [Show full text]
  • Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Coronatae: Nausithoidae) from the North Atlantic
    Zootaxa 3320: 61–68 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Discovery and redescription of type material of Nausithoe simplex (Kirkpatrick, 1890), comb. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Coronatae: Nausithoidae) from the North Atlantic ANDRÉ C. MORANDINI1 & GERHARD JARMS2 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil 2Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract With discovery and examination of type specimens in the Natural History Museum, London, UK, we reassign Stephanoscyph- istoma simplex (Kirkpatrick, 1890) to the genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853, as Nausithoe simplex, comb. nov., and designate a lectotype for the species. Use of morphometric measurements is considered important in coronate systematics, but key features also include the unique whorl of internal cusps and the shape of these cusps. All previous records of N. simplex must be re-eval- uated, taking into consideration the morphology of these internal cusps. Key words: Stephanoscyphus, Nausithoe, polyp, systematics, taxonomy, Stephanoscyphistoma Introduction The order Coronatae Vanhöffen, 1892 is considered the basal group of the class Scyphozoa Goette, 1887 based on both older (Thiel 1966; Uchida 1969; Werner 1973) and more recent studies (Marques & Collins 2004; Collins et al. 2006; Bayha et al. 2010). About 60 species are currently known in the group (Morandini & Jarms in prep.). Sev- eral authors (Werner 1973; Jarms 1990; Silveira & Morandini 1997) have stated that life cycle studies are essential in resolving systematics of the order, especially in metagenetic species.
    [Show full text]
  • FIELD GUIDE to the JELLYFISH of WESTERN PACIFIC
    EDITORS AUTHORS Aileen Tan Shau Hwai B. A. Venmathi Maran Sim Yee Kwang Charatsee Aungtonya Hiroshi Miyake Chuan Chee Hoe Ephrime B. Metillo Hiroshi Miyake Iffah Iesa Isara Arsiranant Krishan D. Karunarathne Libertine Agatha F. Densing FIELD GUIDE to the M. D. S. T. de Croos Mohammed Rizman-Idid Nicholas Wei Liang Yap Nithiyaa Nilamani JELLYFISH Oksto Ridho Sianturi Purinat Rungraung Sim Yee Kwang of WESTERN PACIFIC S.M. Sharifuzzaman • Bangladesh • IndonesIa • MalaysIa Widiastuti • PhIlIPPInes • sIngaPore • srI lanka • ThaIland Yean Das FIELD GUIDE to the JELLYFISH of WESTERN PACIFIC • BANGLADESH • INDONESIA • MALAYSIA • PHILIPPINES • SINGAPORE • SRI LANKA • THAILAND Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS) Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) 11800 Penang, Malaysia FIELD GUIDE to the JELLYFISH of WESTERN PACIFIC The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the materials, do not imply the impression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) or other participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS) or other participating organizations. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) project.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 08:24:22AM Via Free Access 118 A.C
    Contributions to Zoology, 74 (1/2) 117-123 (2005) New combinations for two coronate polyp species (Atorellidae and Nausithoidae, Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria) André Carrara Morandini1 and Gerhard Jarms2 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 11461, São Paulo, 05422-970, SP, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]); 2 Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Keywords: Atorella, Nausithoe, polyp, scyphistoma, Stephanoscyphistoma, Stephanoscyphus, systematics, taxonomy Abstract their systematics is provided by Thiel (1936), and the knowledge of the polyp stage was reviewed by Within the order Coronatae, six valid species remain known only Jarms (1997). Research in the 1960s and 1970s by their polyp stage. The inability to relate them to any medusae showed that the so-called ‘Stephanoscyphus’ polyps genera of the group is a problem that remains to be solved in the order. With the examination of type specimens, we reassign the produce medusae of the genera Atorella Vanhöffen, species Stephanoscyphistoma sibogae and S. striatus to the genera 1902, Linuche Eschscholtz, 1829 and Nausithoe Atorella and Nausithoe respectively. Kölliker, 1853 (Werner, 1967; 1971; 1974; 1979). Based on the fact that ‘Stephanoscyphus’ polyps give rise to medusae referable to at least three other Contents genera, and supported on recommendation of the ICZN (ICZN, 1999; Kraus, 2000), Jarms (1990, Introduction .................................................................................... 117 1991) proposed the generic name Stephanoscyphis- Material and Methods .................................................................. 117 toma to accommodate species whose familial or ge- Results and Discussion ................................................................ 118 neric assignment is uncertain, as in preserved pol- Systematic accounts: new combinations ................................. 118 General comments and Conclusions ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Scyphozoa and Cubozoa of Guam
    Micronesica 35-36:156-158. 2003 Scyphozoa and Cubozoa of Guam LISA-ANN GERSHWIN Department of Integrative Biology and U.C. Museum of Paleontology University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 email: [email protected] Abstract—The jellyfishes of Guam are poorly known. This preliminary report comprises at least three species of Cubozoa and six species of Scyphozoa. The discovery of additional species is probable. Introduction The Scyphozoa and Cubozoa of Guam are poorly known. At present, there exist no specific studies on these groups in this area, so we must rely on the astute observations and collecting efforts of local biologists for the present report. Specimens referred to herein are deposited in the Florida Museum of Natural History and California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Jellyfish taxonomy is still in a state of flux as we gain greater understanding about species delimitations and recognition criteria. Therefore, some of the species covered in this chapter are identified only to the generic level, even though species names may have been previously assigned by non-specialists. The Philippine Islands are one of the world’s richest areas for medusan diversity, with no less than 38 species of Scyphomedusae and 7 species of Cubomedusae reported (Mayer 1917, Light 1921, Gershwin unpublished). Thus, the number of species documented from nearby Guam is likely to climb with additional attention. In general, scyphozoans and cubozoans are relatively large and colorful; thus their conspicuous nature makes them easy to find but unfortunately not always so easy to identify! It is difficult to estimate how many taxa remain unsurveyed, but it seems plausible that a couple of dozen or more deep sea taxa, and maybe another 20-30 occasional epipelagic or neritic visitors, will eventually be reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Scyphozoa: Coronatae: Nausithoidae
    Contributions to Zoology, 66 (4) 235-246 (1997) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Nausithoe Coronatae: with aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa: Nausithoidae), a species two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual Fábio Lang da Silveira & André Carrara Morandini Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970, SP, Brazil Keywords: Scyphozoa, Coronatae, systematics, life cycle, Nausithoe, new species Abstract and, below, pedalia in equal numbers to the ten- tacles and rhopalia (Franc, 1993; Russell, 1970). Nausithoe of is aurea, a new species scyphozoan Coronatae, The Coronatae are represented mostly by deep- described from São Paulo State, Brazil. The solitary scyphisto- sea medusae (Tardent, 1978) and only few spe- mae, with some zooxanthellae, strobilated producing plan- cies live in shallow waters (Larson, 1990). There- uloids and medusae; this represents an intermediate life cycle fore, their life are still little known (Jarms, between that of metagenetic Nausithoidae and the submarine cycles 1991). Some 40 of coronate medusae are cave-dwelling, reduced medusa stage of Nausithoe planulo- species phora (Werner, 1971). The periderm tube ofthe scyphistomae recognized and the metagenetic life cycles of 9 has internal in The 16 cusps all whorls. medusae present yellow known The life species are (Jarms, pers. comm.). pigment spots in most of their lappets. The early embryonic cycles of 4 additional species without free medu- development is briefly described. Planuloid formation is sae are known (Jarms, 1990; 1991). Although hypothesized as explanation for polyp-stage philopatry. the of they have a metagenetic life cycle, polyps all species of uncertain medusa genera are col- Résumé lectively grouped Stephanoscyphistoma (sensu Jarms, 1990; 1991).
    [Show full text]