DOCSLIB.ORG

Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World Brings Together Fifteen of the Most Important Papers Presented at the Conference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World Brings Together Fifteen of the Most Important Papers Presented at the Conference Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World the Developing Language in and Social Cohesion The Ninth International Language and Development Conference was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 2011, with the theme Language Language and Social Cohesion and Social Cohesion. It was jointly funded by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, formerly GTZ, in the Developing World the German development organisation of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development) and the British Council. It was hosted and co-organised by the Ministry of National Languages and Social Integration and the Ministry of Education. Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World brings together fifteen of the most important papers presented at the conference. The book is organised in four parts: • Social Cohesion, Language and Human Rights • Languages as Connectors or Dividers • Education and Social Cohesion in Multilingual Contexts • Languages, Education and Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka. The nineteen authors discuss the role of language in weakening and strengthening social cohesion in many parts of the world, including India, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Tanzania and Timor-Leste. Six chapters deal with the specific case of the host country, Sri Lanka. An introductory chapter relates the discussions which appear here to previous work on social cohesion and identifies eleven important lessons which can be drawn from these studies. This volume makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning field of Language and Development. It will be of particular interest to policy makers, development specialists, educationists, linguists and language educators. ACKU ISBN 9789559055372 ISBN 9789551896126 Hywel Coleman (ed.) Hywel Coleman 7895599 055372 7895519 896126 British Council Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Edited by Hywel Coleman Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World the Developing Language in and Social Cohesion The Ninth International Language and Development Conference was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 2011, with the theme Language Language and Social Cohesion and Social Cohesion. It was jointly funded by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, formerly GTZ, in the Developing World the German development organisation of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development) and the British Council. It was hosted and co-organised by the Ministry of National Languages and Social Integration and the Ministry of Education. Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World brings together fifteen of the most important papers presented at the conference. The book is organised in four parts: • Social Cohesion, Language and Human Rights • Languages as Connectors or Dividers • Education and Social Cohesion in Multilingual Contexts • Languages, Education and Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka. The nineteen authors discuss the role of language in weakening and strengthening social cohesion in many parts of the world, including India, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Tanzania and Timor-Leste. Six chapters deal with the specific case of the host country, Sri Lanka. An introductory chapter relates the discussions which appear here to previous work on social cohesion and identifies eleven important lessons which can be drawn from these studies. This volume makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning field of Language and Development. It will be of particular interest to policy makers, development specialists, educationists, linguists and language educators. ACKU ISBN 9789559055372 ISBN 9789551896126 Hywel Coleman (ed.) Hywel Coleman 7895599 055372 7895519 896126 British Council Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Edited by Hywel Coleman Language and social cohesion in the developing world ACKU ACKU Language and social cohesion in the developing world Edited by Hywel Coleman ACKU British Council & Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World (Selected Proceedings of the Ninth Language and Development Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2011) www.langdevconferences.org Edited by Hywel Coleman First published 2015 by British Council and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH © 2015. Copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors and copyright in the volume as a whole belongs to the publishers. Extracts from this publication may be reproduced by any method for research and teaching purposes, but the source must be acknowledged. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of the British Council and GIZ and do not commit the publishers. Cover photograph © 2015 Walter Keller, third-eye-photography Jointly published in Colombo by British Council ISBN 978-955-9055-37-2 and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ISBN 978-955-1896-12-6 ACKU Typesetting and design by R. J. Footring Ltd, Derby, UK Printed in Sri Lanka by Karunaratne & Sons (Pvt) Ltd Contents The Language and Development Conferences vii Foreword ix Language and social cohesion: An introduction and lessons learnt 1 Hywel Coleman Social cohesion, language and human rights 1 Monolingualism, bilingualism and multilingualism: The human rights perspective 15 Nirmala Chandrahasan 2 Language rights and social cohesion: A balance for inclusion and stability 22 Fernand de Varennes 3 Multilingual education: From ‘why’ to ‘how’ 36 Helen Pinnock ACKU 4 One stone, two birds: Stories to enhance both social cohesion and transformative learning 44 Gary Hernandez and Angi Malderez Languages as connectors or dividers 5 Reflections on issues of language in Sri Lanka: Power, exclusion and inclusion 55 Sasanka Perera 6 National languages, English and social cohesion in East Africa 75 Karsten Legère and Tove Rosendal 7 Language, social cohesion and confrontation: The case of the historiography of Urdu 92 Tariq Rahman v vi Contents Education and social cohesion in multilingual contexts 8 Timor-Leste: Language and identity in Southeast Asia’s newest nation 111 Kirsty Sword Gusmão 9 The effectiveness of English language learning in multilingual schools in Pakistan 116 Khawaja A. Rehman and Muhammad Zaman Sagar 10 Multilingual education, social transformation and development in Nepal 128 Prem Phyak 11 Mother-tongue-based literacy, a tool for indigenous people’s empowerment: The Western Subanon and Binukid/Higaonon experience 144 Leslie Laviña-Gumba Languages, education and social cohesion in Sri Lanka 12 Building bridges: National integration through the teaching of the Second National Language 155 Marie Perera 13 Instruction in the English medium: A Sri Lankan case study 166 Jayageetha Balakrishnar and Thaiyamuthu Thanaraj 14 Sri Lankan English: An appropriate model for the teaching of English in Sri Lanka? 178 Michael Meyler 15 The oler of the standard variety in defining sub-varieties: A study based on teaching English and Tamil 186 Rukshaan Ibrahim ACKU Contributors 195 The Language and Development Conferences All the conference publications can be accessed at www.langdevconferences. org. Additionally, those published by the British Council can be accessed at www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications. 1993 1st Language & Development Conference, Bangkok, Thailand Theme: ‘Issues in Language & Development’ Kenny, B. & Savage, W. (eds). 1997. Language and Development: Teachers in a Changing World. London: Longman. 1995 2nd Language & Development Conference, Bali, Indonesia Theme: ‘Language & Communication in Development: Stakeholders’ Perspectives’ Crooks, T. and Crewes, G. (eds). 1995. Language and Development. Denpasar: Indonesia Australia Language Foundation. Crooks, T. (ed.). 1996. ESP in Southeast Asia. Denpasar: Indonesia Australia Language Foundation. ACKU 1997 3rd Language & Development Conference, Langkawi, Malaysia Theme: ‘Access, Empowerment, Opportunity’ Abdullah, A., Crocker, T. et al. (eds). 1998. Language in Development: Access, Empowerment, Opportunity. Kuala Lumpur: National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN). 1999 4th Language & Development Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam Theme: ‘Partnership & Interaction in Language & Development’ Shaw, J., Lubelska, D. & Noullet, M. (eds). 2000. Partnership and Inter- action. Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology. vii viii The Language and Development Conferences 2001 5th Language & Development Conference, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Theme: ‘Defining the Role of Language in Development’ Lo Bianco, J. (ed.). 2002. Voices from Phnom Penh: Development and Language: Global Influences and Local Effects. Melbourne: Language Australia. 2003 6th Language & Development Conference, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Theme: ‘Linguistic Challenges to National Development & Inter- national Cooperation’ Coleman, H., Gulyamova, J. & Thomas, A. (eds). 2005.National Develop ment, Education and Language in Central Asia and Beyond. Tashkent: British Council Uzbekistan. 2005 7th Language & Development Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Theme: ‘Language & Development’ Coleman, H. (ed.). 2007. Language and Development: Africa and Beyond. Addis Ababa: British Council Ethiopia. 2009 8th Language & Development Conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh Theme: ‘Language & Development: Sociocultural Issues and Chal- lenges’ Savage, W. (ed.). 2015. Language and Development: Sociocultural Issues and Challenges. Published online by the Trustees of the Language & Development Conferences.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines
    900 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines Class here social situations and conditions; general political history; military, diplomatic, political, economic, social, welfare aspects of specific wars Class interdisciplinary works on ancient world, on specific continents, countries, localities in 930–990. Class history and geographic treatment of a specific subject with the subject, plus notation 09 from Table 1, e.g., history and geographic treatment of natural sciences 509, of economic situations and conditions 330.9, of purely political situations and conditions 320.9, history of military science 355.009 See also 303.49 for future history (projected events other than travel) See Manual at 900 SUMMARY 900.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901–909 Standard subdivisions of history, collected accounts of events, world history 910 Geography and travel 920 Biography, genealogy, insignia 930 History of ancient world to ca. 499 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds .1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901 Philosophy and theory of history 902 Miscellany of history .2 Illustrations, models, miniatures Do not use for maps, plans, diagrams; class in 911 903 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of history 901 904 Dewey Decimal Classification 904 904 Collected accounts of events Including events of natural origin; events induced by human activity Class here adventure Class collections limited to a specific period, collections limited to a specific area or region but not limited by continent, country, locality in 909; class travel in 910; class collections limited to a specific continent, country, locality in 930–990.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Kataragama Pāda Yātrā in Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 2017 40 (1): 41-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v40i1.7500 RESEARCH ARTICLE Collective ritual as a way of transcending ethno-religious divide: the case of Kataragama Pāda Yātrā in Sri Lanka# Anton Piyarathne* Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Sri Lanka has been in the prime focus of national and who are Sinhala speakers, are predominantly Buddhist, international discussions due to the internal war between the whereas the ethnic Tamils, who communicate in the Tamil Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan language, are primarily Hindu. These two ethnic groups government forces. The war has been an outcome of the are often recognised as rivals involved in an “ethnic competing ethno-religious-nationalisms that raised their heads; conflict” that culminated in war between the LTTE (the specially in post-colonial Sri Lanka. Though today’s Sinhala Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, a military movement and Tamil ethno-religious-nationalisms appear as eternal and genealogical divisions, they are more of constructions; that has battled for the liberation of Sri Lankan Tamils) colonial inventions and post-colonial politics. However, in this and the government. Sri Lanka suffered heavily as a context it is hard to imagine that conflicting ethno-religious result of a three-decade old internal war, which officially groups in Sri Lanka actually unite in everyday interactions. ended with the elimination of the leadership of the LTTE This article, explains why and how this happens in a context in May, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Religious Desegregation in an Immediate Postwar Town Jaffna, Sri Lanka
    Carnets de géographes 2 | 2011 Espaces virtuels Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon Madavan Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 DOI: 10.4000/cdg.2711 ISSN: 2107-7266 Publisher UMR 245 - CESSMA Electronic reference Delon Madavan, « Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town », Carnets de géographes [Online], 2 | 2011, Online since 02 March 2011, connection on 07 May 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 ; DOI : 10.4000/cdg.2711 La revue Carnets de géographes est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon MADAVAN PhD candidate and Junior Lecturer in Geography Université Paris-IV Sorbonne Laboratoire Espaces, Nature et Culture (UMR 8185) [email protected] Abstract The cease-fire agreement of 2002 between the Sri Lankan state and the separatist movement of Liberalisation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), was an opportunity to analyze the role of war and then of the cessation of fighting as a potential process of transformation of the segregation at Jaffna in the context of immediate post-war period. Indeed, the armed conflict (1987-2001), with the abolition of the caste system by the LTTE and repeated displacements of people, has been a breakdown for Jaffnese society. The weight of the hierarchical castes system and the one of religious communities, which partially determine the town's prewar population distribution, the choice of spouse, social networks of individuals, values and taboos of society, have been questioned as a result of the conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
    Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations.
    [Show full text]
  • SRI LANKA: Land Ownership and the Journey to Self-Determination
    Land Ownership and the Journey to Self-Determination SRI LANKA Country Paper Land Watch Asia SECURING THE RIGHT TO LAND 216 Acknowledgments Vavuniya), Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Hadabima Authority of Sri Lanka, National This paper is an abridged version of an earlier scoping Aquaculture Development Authority in Sri study entitled Sri Lanka Country Report: Land Watch Asia Lanka, Urban Development Authority, Coconut Study prepared in 2010 by the Sarvodaya Shramadana Development Authority, Agricultural and Agrarian Movement through the support of the International Land Insurance Board, Coconut Cultivation Board, Coalition (ILC). It is also written as a contribution to the Janatha Estate Dvt. Board, National Livestock Land Watch Asia (LWA) campaign to ensure that access Development Board, National Water Supply and to land, agrarian reform and sustainable development for Drainage Board, Palmyra Dvt. Board, Rubber the rural poor are addressed in development. The LWA Research Board of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka Tea Board, campaign is facilitated by the Asian NGO Coalition for Land Reform Commission, Sri Lanka State Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) and Plantation Cooperation, State Timber Cooperation, involves civil society organizations in Bangladesh, Geological Survey and Mines Bureau, Lankem Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Tea and Rubber Plantation Limited, Mahaweli Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Livestock Enterprise Ltd, National Institute of Education, National Institute of Plantation Mgt., The main paper was written by Prof. CM Madduma Department of Wildlife Conservation Bandara as main author, with research partners Vindya • Non-Governmental Organizations Wickramaarachchi and Siripala Gamage. The authors Plan Sri Lanka, World Vision Lanka, CARE acknowledge the support of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society
    Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51–70 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.145 Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society Kalinga Tudor Silva1 Abstract More than a decade after the end of the 26-year old LTTE—led civil war in Sri Lanka, a particular section of the Jaffna society continues to stay as Internally Displaced People (IDP). This paper tries to unravel why some low caste groups have failed to end their displacement and move out of the camps while everybody else has moved on to become a settled population regardless of the limitations they experience in the post-war era. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from the affected communities the paper argues that ethnic-biases and ‘caste-blindness’ of state policies, as well as Sinhala and Tamil politicians largely informed by rival nationalist perspectives are among the underlying causes of the prolonged IDP problem in the Jaffna Peninsula. In search of an appropriate solution to the intractable IDP problem, the author calls for an increased participation of these subaltern caste groups in political decision making and policy dialogues, release of land in high security zones for the affected IDPs wherever possible, and provision of adequate incentives for remaining people to move to alternative locations arranged by the state in consultation with IDPs themselves and members of neighbouring communities where they cannot be relocated at their original sites. Keywords Caste, caste-blindness, ethnicity, nationalism, social class, IDPs, Panchamars, Sri Lanka 1Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] © 2020 Kalinga Tudor Silva.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Sri Lanka's Civil
    University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive History Honors Program History 5-12-2017 The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War Akeela Makshood University at Albany, State University of New York, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/history_honors Part of the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Makshood, Akeela, "The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War" (2017). History Honors Program. 4. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/history_honors/4 This Undergraduate Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Honors Program by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Makshood AHIS 495Z Professor Ryan Irwin & Professor Michitake Aso Honors Thesis May 12, 2017 The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War By Akeela Makshood 1 Makshood In the 1990s, videos emerged from the war-torn Northern peninsula of Sri Lanka of young, female LTTE1 cadres graduating from basic military training. Donning tiger-striped attire, groups of young girls and women were garlanded for their accomplishments by a woman standing out in stark contrast to the Tamil2 fighters. Known endearingly as “Aunty” amongst the Tigers, Adele Ann Wilby came to be known internationally as the “White Tiger.” Here she was, the Australian-born former nurse, in the epicenter of an island’s civil war, garlanding female volunteers during a ceremony where they received their cyanide capsules.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAFIER X the AUTHORS REVIEW of the TIL^Ditiona L
    311 CHAFIER X THE AUTHORS REVIEW OF THE TIL^DITIONa L ACCOUNTS In this section an attempt Is made to reinterpret the accoiints in of colonisation given the Pali Chronicles namely the Djpavamsa I • and the i^havarosa in the light of archaeological data. This becomes necessary because all the traditionsd historical views are invariably influenced by these Chronicles which talk about the coloniaation ot Sri Lanka by the Indo-^ryan language speak­ ing Sinhala settlers in the 6th century B.C. Before analysing these legends it is relevant to present some observations re­ garding the value and nature of these Chronicles, Law (1947 * 43) says of these sources that "the Chronicles of Ceylon were all written or compiled by the Elders whose pri­ mary interest naturally lay in the history of Buddhism and Buddhist foundations. Although the religious motive finding its expression in the edification of all things connected with Buddhism predominates over everything else, there is really an interplay throughout of two distinct motives, devotional and patriotic. The first of them may be construed as puritanic and sectarian and the second as national and racial. The Chroniclers who were mad with the ieda of the Indo-Aryan rule 31 did not foresee the difficulties to be met by the modern historian.He concludes that "the main theme of the Dlpa- vamsa is the conquest of Lanka both politically and culcurally. The Mahavamsa amplifies and supplements the Dioavamsa. This apparently shows as to how these works are really meant to serve an ideological function which the author of the Mahavamsa is frank enough to admit at the end of each chapter, the pur­ pose of his compilation being *'for the serene Joy and emotion of the pious".
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction in the English Medium: a Sri Lankan Case Study
    13 Instruction in the English medium: A Sri Lankan case study Jayageetha Balakrishnar and Thaiyamuthu Thanaraj Introduction English was the language of government administration under the British rule (1796–1948) in Sri Lanka as well as the medium of instruction in the prestigious English medium schools. These schools were mostly fee-levying and catered to the needs of the elite and privileged of the society and were generally inaccessible to the majority of the population. The English medium schools were mostly administered by Christian missionaries, whereas schools that used the native languages were under government control. Thus the country had a dual system of education; this remained in place until the 1960s when – with just a few exceptions – all schools in the country were taken over by the government. English became the inevitable tool for government employment, social mobility and prestige which created two ‘nations’ in the country: one which spoke English and enjoyed the fruits of social development and the other which spoke Sinhala and Tamil and lived in utter frustration and hopeless- ness (Jayasuriya 1969). This situation continued unabated and unchallenged amidst the dissatisfaction of the deprived majority until the Sri Lankan people were given a reasonable share in the governance of their own country under the Donoughmore reforms1 in 1931. The agitation and struggle to give the national languages their due place in the state administration as well as in education turned into an unhealthy dog-fight with the unimaginative political purpose of dethroning English without recognising its relative and emerging importance in international trade and communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World Brings Together Fifteen of the Most Important Papers Presented at the Conference
    Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World the Developing Language in and Social Cohesion The Ninth International Language and Development Conference was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 2011, with the theme Language Language and Social Cohesion and Social Cohesion. It was jointly funded by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, formerly GTZ, in the Developing World the German development organisation of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development) and the British Council. It was hosted and co-organised by the Ministry of National Languages and Social Integration and the Ministry of Education. Language and Social Cohesion in the Developing World brings together fifteen of the most important papers presented at the conference. The book is organised in four parts: • Social Cohesion, Language and Human Rights • Languages as Connectors or Dividers • Education and Social Cohesion in Multilingual Contexts • Languages, Education and Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka. The nineteen authors discuss the role of language in weakening and strengthening social cohesion in many parts of the world, including India, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Tanzania and Timor-Leste. Six chapters deal with the specific case of the host country, Sri Lanka. An introductory chapter relates the discussions which appear here to previous work on social cohesion and identifies eleven important lessons which can be drawn from these studies. This volume makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning field of Language and Development.
    [Show full text]
  • Oppression of Tamils in Sri Lanka
    OPPRESSION OF TAMILS IN SRI LANKA By MAYAN VIJE TAMIL INFORMATION CENTRE 15 JUNE 1987 SECOND EDITION 2 Publisher’s Note (Second Edition) This paper records the series of events in Sri Lanka since 1948 that have culminated in the present catastrophe. The appendices contain supporting documents and briefly outline the matters set out in the paper. The paper is based on the questions asked and details requested from us during the last two years and by no means encompasses the entirety of events in Sri Lanka. Tables, maps and a bibliography are also included. Tamil Information Centre 3rd Floor 24-28 Clapham High Street (Voltaire Road Entrance) London SW4 7UR Tel: No. 01-627 4808 15 June 1987 (The first edition was published on 21 June 1985) 3 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Constitutional violations 1.2 Unitary state and majority rule 1.3 Political will of the majority 2.0 Oppression 2.1 Citizenship 2.1.1 Reduction of representation 2.2 Language 2.2.1 Official language 2.2.2 Employment 2.3 Colonization 2.4 Education and culture 2.4.1 Standardization 2.4.2 Violence against Tamil students and destruction of educational institutions 2.4.3 Culture 2.4.4 Freedom of worship 2.5 Economic development 2.6 Insecurity 3.0 Political reaction 3.1 Minority fears and majority reaction 3.2 Colonization 3.3 Non-violence 3.4 Judicial process 3.5 Violence by mobs 3.6 Military occupation 3.7 The 1972 Constitution 3.8 Mandate for a separate State 3.9 Violence unleashed 3.10 District Development Councils 3.11 Militant youth 3.12 Mass arrest, detention and torture
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique
    archaeology • postcolonial studies Archaeology in Society Liebmann & Rizvi Series Editors: Ian Hodder and Robert W. Preucel “The contributors to this volume critically survey the politics and practice of archaeology globally. They look closely at both the promise and the reality of ‘postcolonial’ archaeology, offering a signifi cant set of critiques and questions; they ask, for example: Is the ‘post’ in postcolonial really justifi ed? Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique presents a new and inspiring group of voices from a younger generation of scholars determined to make a difference.” —lynn meskell, Stanford University “The authors and editors of Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique offer Archaeology perspectives from regions often underrepresented in Western publications. The case studies in the work offer broader examinations than the ‘Western’ reader normally encounters and, in so doing, move from local to global impacts, from homogenization to hybridization, and from a particular focus to political reality. As the concept of ‘world heritage’ continues to globalize local histories and local cultures, the need for critical examination grows. Read this volume and you will fully question the role of contemporary archaeology in the social contexts within which the discipline operates.” and the —joe watkins, University of Oklahoma Postcolonial Critique Postcolonial Archaeology In recent years, postcolonial theories have emerged as one of the signifi cant paradigms of contemporary academia, affecting disciplines throughout the and the humanities and social sciences. These theories address the complex processes of colonialism on culture and society—with respect to both the colonizers and Postcolonial the colonized—in order to understand the colonial experience in its entirety.
    [Show full text]