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Vertebrate Microfossil Diversity from the Tremp Formation

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Vertebrate Microfossil Diversity from the Tremp Formation ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials dʼinvestigació i docència en els termes establerts a lʼart. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix lʼautorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No sʼautoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes dʼexplotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des dʼun lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc sʼautoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Vertebrate microfossil diversity from the Tremp Formation (Maastrichtian): Contributions to evolution of the Late Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula ALEJANDRO BLANCO PhD Thesis 2017 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Diversidad de microfósiles de vertebrados en la Formación Tremp (Maastrichtiense): Aportaciones a la evolución de los ecosistemas terrestres finicretácicos del noreste de la Península Ibérica. Alejandro Blanco Calvo Tesis Doctoral - 2017 Memoria presentada por Alejandro Blanco Calvo para la obtención del título de Doctor en Geología. Esta tesis doctoral se encuentra enmarcada en el Programa de Doctorado en Geología de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (MEE2011-0492), en la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones, cumpliendo los requisitos mínimos de dos artículos aceptados en revistas contenidas en los dos primeros cuartiles del Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters), y bajo la supervisión de: - Dr. Josep Marmi Plana, Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. - Dr. Àngel Galobart Lorente, Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. - Dr. Oriol Oms Llobet, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Alejandro Blanco Calvo Dr. Josep Marmi Dr. Àngel Galobart Dr. Oriol Oms WORK FUNDED BY ▪ FI-AGAUR grant (2013FI_B 01059) from the DGR of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Cataluña, Spain). ▪ SYNTHESYS grant (HU-TAF-6108) from the European Council. ▪ Erasmus+ grant from the European Union. ▪ Project CGL2011-30069-C02-01, 02/BTE (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain). ▪ Project 2014/100927 (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) All the work (text, tables, figures, illustrations and design) comprised in this PhD Thesis is the result of research and tasks carried out by the author. When the information has been derived from another sources, it is accurately indicated in the text. Alejandro Blanco A Coruña, Enero 2017 © Rights Reserved I amar prestar aen Han mathon ne nen Han mathon ne chae ' A han noston ned wilith ~ Galadriel ESdlA Ás veces, o feito máis pequerrechiño pode ter consecuencias moi grandes e desprazadas lonxe no tempo. Ata o máis insignificante pode cambia-lo curso do futuro. Un dos recordos máis vellos que teño é na sección de películas do Corte Inglés. Eu non pasaba do xeonllo dos meus pais e unha man entraba por riba no meu campo de visión cun VHS amarelo e vermello. Nese momento, miña nai dábame un agasallo do mesmo xeito que Piecito recibiu a súa hoja estrella. Aquela cinta de Don Bluth teríame entretido por moito tempo. Outro recordo do que xa case nin podo lembrarme, é ve-lo espectáculo de Cortylandia dende o colo de Ma por Nadal. Segundo din, fíxenlles levarme a velo moitas veces. Inda hoxe soa aquela canción na miña cabeza. E lembro agora cómo naqueles momentos tiven mágoa por eses animais xigantes que non puideran subir ao arca de Noé. O que tedes entre as mans é o resultado daqueles días. A Tata e Papi, a Ma e Pa. Good morphology lasts forever, whereas today’s matrix and the cladograms it yields will soon be superseded. Colin Patterson (1998) When confronted by a famous paleontologist skeptical of a cataclysmic K/Pg extinction based on selected survivals, the late Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez responded (and then left!): “…I’m giving you the stars and you’re giving me frogs?” Monmaney, (1993) (from Feduccia, 2014) RESUMEN La presente tesis doctoral trata sobre la diversidad de los pequeños y medianos vertebrados en los últimos ecosistemas del Cretácico Superior (Maastrichtiense) representados en el registro fósil de la Formación Tremp (Cataluña, España). Los microfósiles estudiados pertenecen a los grupos de los condrictios, osteíctios, anfibios, escamosos y cocodrilomorfos. En cuanto a peces, los resultados muestran una baja diversidad de condrictios, pero una rica asociación de osteíctios que además representa un buen ejemplo de la diversificación de los teleósteos durante el final del Cretácico. Por otra parte, el registro fósil de cypriniformes y osteoglossiformes son los más antiguos a nivel mundial y europeo respectivamente. Los resultados también revelan una diversa asociación de anfibios y reptiles escamosos, entre los cuales los restos de gecónidos son la única evidencia de este grupo en el registro mesozoico de la Península Ibérica y una de las pocas a nivel europeo. El registro fósil de cocodrilomorfos está compuesto principalmente por dientes aislados pertenecientes a diversos clados de cocodrilos notosuquios, neosuquios y eusuquios. Además, se han descrito dos especies nuevas del género Allodaposuchus en base a dos esqueletos parciales. Estas dos especies han sido relevantes para conocer los restos postcraneales de este grupo extinto de cocodrilos, y han permitido proponer nuevas hipótesis sobre la diversidad ecológica de los allodaposúquidos así como de la historia evolutiva de los cocodrilos actuales. A parte de las aportaciones taxonómicas y sistemáticas, los microfósiles de vertebrados estudiados han permitido entender mejor la paleoecología de los ambientes acuáticos y continentales del Maastrichtiense ibérico, así como el origen y relación biogeográfica de los vertebrados que componían estas faunas maastrichtienses. Estos nuevos datos contribuyen a reconstruir los ecosistemas del noreste ibérico durante el final del Cretácico y entender su dinámica y evolución hasta el momento de la extinción masiva del límite Cretácico-Paleógeno. RESUMO A presente tese doutoral trata da diversidade dos pequenos e medianos vertebrados nos derradeiros ecosistemas do Cretáceo Superior (Maastrichtiense) representados no rexistro fósil da Formación Tremp (Cataluña, España). Os microfósiles estudados pertencen ós grupos dos condrictios, osteíctios, anfibios, escamados e crocodilomorfos. No concernente ós peixes, os resultados mostran unha baixa diversidade de condrictios, pero unha rica asociación de osteictios que ademais reflexa un bo exemplo da diversificación dos teleósteos durante o final do Cretáceo. Pola outra banda, o rexistro fósil dos cypriniformes e osteoglossiformes son os máis antigos a niveis mundial e europeo respectivamente. Os resultados tamén sinalan unha diversa asociación de anfibios e réptiles escamados, entre os cales os restos de xecónidos son a única evidencia deste grupo no rexistro mesozoico da Península Ibérica e unha das poucas a nivel europeo. O rexistro fósil dos crocodilomorfos está composto maiormente por dentes illados pertencentes a diversos clados de crocodilos notosuquios, neosuquios e eusuquios. Ademais describíronse dúas novas especies do xénero Allodaposuchus a partires de dous esqueletos parciais. Estas dúas especies foron relevantes pra coñece-los restos post-craniais deste grupo extinto de crocodilos, e permitiron propor novas hipóteses sobre a diversidade ecolóxica dos allodaposúquidos, así como da historia evolutiva dos crocodilos actuais.
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