DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

E2416 Public Disclosure Authorized FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION (EEPCO) Ethiopia- Additional Financing for Energy Access Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Power System Planning February 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized List of Acronyms % Percent BP Bank Policy MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoME Ministry of Mines and Energy CBE Commercial Bank of Ethiopia CFL Compact Florescent Lamp CSA Central Statistical Authority dB decibel EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact assessment EPA Environmental Protection Authority EMP Environmental Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework EA Environmental Assessment E.C. Ethiopian Calendar EWNHS. Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization EHS-MP Environmental Health and Safety Management Plan EHS Environmental Health and Safety EAP Energy Access Project FDRE The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GM /CEO General Manager /Chief Executive Officer GO Government Organization HH House Hold HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ha Hectare ICS Inter-connected System IPDP Indigenous Peoples Development Plan IBCR Institute for Biodiversity Conservation Research km2 Square kilometers km Kilometer MNREP Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection m Meter mts Meters m.a.s.l Meters above sea level m.b.s.l. Meters below sea level MHP Mini Hydro power mm Millimeter MW Megawatt No. Number NGOs Non-governmental Organization OP Operational Policy OD Operational Directive oC Degrees Celsius Proc. Proclamation PAPs Project affected Peoples PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PSP Power System Planning RAP Resettlement Action Plan RR Rural Road SCS Self-contained Systems STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases SE Supervising Engineer T.B. Tuberculosis TVET Technical Vocational Education Training USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency vol. Volume WB World Bank Table of Contents List of Acronyms EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction…………………………………………................ .................................1 1.1 The Need for Rehabilitating the distribution system and Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal wells at Aluto Langano …...….................................. 3 1.2 Background and General……………………………………………… ……..5 1.3 Objective of the ESMF…………………………………………............. ....... 5 1.4 . Project Components …………………………………………… …….6 1.5. Scope of Project and the Assessment ………………………………… ……..7 1.6. Environmental and Social Planning…………………………………………..8 2. Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks ………………............10 2.1. National Environmental Requirements………………………………………10 2.1.1. National Legal Requirements …………………………………………..10 2.1.2. National Legislation on Expropriation of Land and Compensation… … 11 2.1.3 Research and Conservation of Ethiopian Cultural heritage ……………… 11 2.1.4. Ethiopia’s Environmental Policy ………………… ………… ……… 12 2.1.5. National EIA Procedural Guidelines……………………… … ……12 2.1.6. EEPCo’s Environmental Guidelines for the Power sector……… … ...13 2.1.7 Institutional Framework …………………………… . …………...13 2.2. The World Bank’s Requirements…… ……………… ……………………17 2.2.1. The Bank’s Safeguard Policies………………………………… ……17 2.2.2 OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment……………… …………………17 2.2.3 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources ……………… …… …. 18 2.2.4 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement………………………………. 19 2.2.5 Forestry (OP/BP 4.36)……………………… ……………… …..19 2.2.6 OP/BP 7.50 Projects on International waterways ……………… .. 20 2.2.7 Bank’s Policy on Disclosure………………… ………… ………….20 3. Description of the Proposed Project ………………………………………….20 3.1 Project Description…………………………………………… …………..20 3.1.1 Distribution Rehabilitation Project …………………… …………. 20 3.1.2. Substations Upgrading and Rehabilitation (19 substations)…… …22 3.1.3. Intensification of Connection in Urban and Rural towns… …… 22 3.1.4. Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano… … 23 4. Description of Baseline Environmental Conditions……………………..... 26 4.1 The Afar Regional State………………………………… ……… ……...26 4.2 Tigray Regional State ………………………………… …………………..33 4.3 Amhara Regional State………………………… ……………………… .35 4.4 The Oromia Regional State …………………… ……. ……… ..39 4.5 Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State……………………………………….41 4.6 Gambela Regional State……………………………………………………44 4.7 Somali Regional State ……………………………………………………..49 4.8 The Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Administration……… 58 5. Distribution Rehabilitation Project 7 Cities Baseline Information……… ..55 5.1. Bahir Dar City ……………………………………………………… ...55 5.2. Mekele City…………………………………………………………….58 5.3. Jima City ……………………………………………………………… 59 5.4. Awassa City ………………………………………………………… ...61 5.5. Dessie City ………………………………………………………… …64 5.6. Nazareth City ………………………………………………………….68 5.7. Dire Dawa City ……………………………………………………… 69 6. Baseline information for Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano …………………………………………………….72 7. Analysis of Alternatives………………………………………………………75 7.1. Rehabilitating the Distribution System)……………………………...75 7.1.1 No Development …………………………………………….75 7.1.2 Alternative Energy Source……………………………………….. 75 7.2. Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano………....75 8. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ……………………………76 8.1 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures………………………… 76 8.2 Positive Impacts (Rehabilitating the Distribution System)…………....78 8.3 Positive Impacts (Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano ………………………………………… … .78 8.4 Negative Impacts (Rehabilitating the Distribution System) ………….78 8.5 Negative Impacts (Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano ……………………………………………….79 8.6 Impacts of PCB Chemicals …………………………………………...80 8.7 Socioeconomic and Cultural …………………………………...80 8.8 Impacts on Cultural Heritage ………………………………………. 81 8.9 Bird and Power Line Interactions. ……………………………… …...81 8.10 Potential Water Related Impacts ……………………………… ….82 9. Mitigation Measures …………………………………………… … ...85 9.1 Rehabilitating the Distribution System …………………………… …85 9.2. Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano ……… ..85 10. Environmental Management Plan for Energy Access Project Implementation……………………………………89 11. General Mitigation Issues and EEPCo Commitments……………………94 12. Institutional Arrangements…………………………………………………95 13. ESMF Implementation and Management …………………………………96 14. Environmental and Social Monitoring and Management……………… 97 14.1 Mitigation Principles and Clauses ……………………………… .97 14.2. Work place HIV/AIDS Program………………………………… 97 14.3. Air Quality Management ………………………………………… 98 14.4. Soil Quality Management ………………………………………… 98 14.5. Water Resource Management …………………………………… 98 14.6. Noise Abatement ………………………………………………... 99 14.7. Health and Safety………………………………………………... 99 14.8. Application of Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines… 99 15. Roles & Responsibilities of Major Actor.………………………… 100 15.1. Major Actors…………………………………………………… 100 15.2. Energy Access Project ………………………………………… .100 15.3. Power System Planning………………………………………… 100 15.4. The Contractors………………………………………………… 101 15.5. Supervision Engineer /SE/.…………………………………… 101 15.6. The Community ……………………………………………… 101 15.7 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) …………………………………………. 102 15.8. Ministry of Mines and Energy ……………… 102 15.9. Local NGOs …………………………………………………… 102 16. Implementation of Compensation ……………………………….. 102 17. Environmental Monitoring ………………………………………. 102 18. Reporting Procedure……………………………………………… 103 19. Estimated Environmental Mitigation Costs ……………………. 104 20. Submission / clearance of ESMF ………………………………… 105 Bibliography and Reference ……………………….…………….. 106 Annex,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 108 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The purpose of the ESMF is to clarify the policies, principles and procedures that will govern the mitigation of adverse environmental and social impacts induced by the Additional Financing for the Energy Access Project. It is found useful to have a policy document establishing principles and procedures that will govern the mitigation of adverse environmental and social impacts induced by the Energy Access Project operations, to share with various stakeholders in the power sector. The project components under the Additional Financing for the Energy Access Project are: 1. Urban Distribution Rehabilitation (seven cities) 2. Substations Upgrading and Rehabilitation (19 substations) 3. Intensification of Connection in Urban and Rural towns 4. Drilling of Four Deep Geothermal Wells at Aluto Langano The Urban Distribution Rehabilitation is not expected to induce significant environmental and social impacts because the rehabilitation activities will all take place within the existing distribution system. The second component, Substation Upgrading and Rehabilitation, will also be carried out on existing substations and hence negative environmental and social impacts are not anticipated in this component. The purpose of the third component, Intensification of Connection in Urban and Rural towns, is to increase electricity penetration to more households. However, this project component is not expected to induce significant environmental and social impacts since connections will be made from the existing
Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti

    An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti

    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
  • Local History of Ethiopia an - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)

    Local History of Ethiopia an - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)

    Local History of Ethiopia An - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) an (Som) I, me; aan (Som) milk; damer, dameer (Som) donkey JDD19 An Damer (area) 08/43 [WO] Ana, name of a group of Oromo known in the 17th century; ana (O) patrikin, relatives on father's side; dadi (O) 1. patience; 2. chances for success; daddi (western O) porcupine, Hystrix cristata JBS56 Ana Dadis (area) 04/43 [WO] anaale: aana eela (O) overseer of a well JEP98 Anaale (waterhole) 13/41 [MS WO] anab (Arabic) grape HEM71 Anaba Behistan 12°28'/39°26' 2700 m 12/39 [Gz] ?? Anabe (Zigba forest in southern Wello) ../.. [20] "In southern Wello, there are still a few areas where indigenous trees survive in pockets of remaining forests. -- A highlight of our trip was a visit to Anabe, one of the few forests of Podocarpus, locally known as Zegba, remaining in southern Wello. -- Professor Bahru notes that Anabe was 'discovered' relatively recently, in 1978, when a forester was looking for a nursery site. In imperial days the area fell under the category of balabbat land before it was converted into a madbet of the Crown Prince. After its 'discovery' it was declared a protected forest. Anabe is some 30 kms to the west of the town of Gerba, which is on the Kombolcha-Bati road. Until recently the rough road from Gerba was completed only up to the market town of Adame, from which it took three hours' walk to the forest. A road built by local people -- with European Union funding now makes the forest accessible in a four-wheel drive vehicle.
  • Proceedings of the 16Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies

    Proceedings of the 16Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies

    www.svt.ntnu.no/ices16/ Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Conference of the 16th International Proceedings Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Volume 1 Volume 1 Volume Edited by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele ISBN 978-82-90817-27-0 (printed) Det skapende universitet Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Volume 1 Edited by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele Department of Social Anthropology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2009 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, ed. by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele ISBN 978-82-90817-27-0 (printed) Vol. 1-4 http://www.svt.ntnu.no/ices16/ Printed in Norway by NTNU-trykk, Trondheim 2009 © The authors Table of contents Author index xv Preface xix Archaeology The Temple of Yeha: Geo-Environmental Implications on its Site Selection 1 and Preservation Asfawossen Asrat The Archaeology of Islam in North East Shoa 11 Kassaye Begashaw History A Miracle of the Archangel Uriel Worked for Abba Giyorgis of Gasəcca 23 Getatchew Haile Ras Wäsän Säggäd, a Pre-Eminent Lord of Early 16th-Century Ethiopia 37 Michael Kleiner T.aytu’s Foremothers. Queen Əleni, Queen Säblä Wängel and Bati Dəl 51 Wämbära Rita Pankhurst Ase Iyasu I (1682-1706) and the synod of Yébaba 65 Verena Böll Performance and Ritual in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopian Political Culture 75 Izabela Orlowska Shäwa, Ethiopia's Prussia. Its Expansion, Disappearance and Partition 85 Alain Gascon Imprints of the Time : a Study of the hundred Ethiopian Seals of the Boucoiran 99 collection Serge Tornay and Estelle Sohier The Hall Family and Ethiopia.
  • Sudan's Spreading Conflict (II): War in Blue Nile

    Sudan's Spreading Conflict (II): War in Blue Nile

    Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (II): War in Blue Nile Africa Report N°204 | 18 June 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Sudan in Miniature ....................................................................................................... 3 A. Old-Timers Versus Newcomers ................................................................................. 3 B. A History of Land Grabbing and Exploitation .......................................................... 5 C. Twenty Years of War in Blue Nile (1985-2005) ........................................................ 7 III. Failure of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement ............................................................. 9 A. The Only State with an Opposition Governor (2007-2011) ...................................... 9 B. The 2010 Disputed Elections ..................................................................................... 9 C. Failed Popular Consultations ...................................................................................
  • Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours the Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia

    Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours the Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia

    Relief and Rehabilitation Network Network Paper 4 Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant September 1994 Please send comments on this paper to: Relief and Rehabilitation Network Overseas Development Institute Regent's College Inner Circle Regent's Park London NW1 4NS United Kingdom A copy will be sent to the author. Comments received may be used in future Newsletters. ISSN: 1353-8691 © Overseas Development Institute, London, 1994. Photocopies of all or part of this publication may be made providing that the source is acknowledged. Requests for commercial reproduction of Network material should be directed to ODI as copyright holders. The Network Coordinator would appreciate receiving details of any use of this material in training, research or programme design, implementation or evaluation. Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant1 Contents Page Maps 1. Introduction 1 2. Pride and Prejudice in the Somali Region 5 : The Political History of a Conflict 3 * The Ethiopian empire-state and the colonial powers 4 * Greater Somalia, Britain and the growth of Somali nationalism 8 * Conflict and war between Ethiopia and Somalia 10 * Civil war in Somalia 11 * The Transitional Government in Ethiopia and Somali Region 5 13 3. Cycles of Relief and Rehabilitation in Eastern Ethiopia : 1973-93 20 * 1973-85 : `Relief shelters' or the politics of drought and repatriation 21 * 1985-93 : Repatriation as opportunity for rehabilitation and development 22 * The pastoral sector : Recovery or control? 24 * Irrigation schemes : Ownership, management and economic viability 30 * Food aid : Targeting, free food and economic uses of food aid 35 * Community participation and institutional strengthening 42 1 Koenraad Van Brabant has been project manager relief and rehabilitation for eastern Ethiopia with SCF(UK) and is currently Oxfam's country representative in Sri Lanka.
  • Humanitarian Update

    Humanitarian Update

    SKBN Coordination Unit Humanitarian Update September 2019 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE Cholera Awareness Session Blue Nile Jibraka harvest underway; moderate food insecurity high in Blue Nile The jibraka harvest - small farms close to the houses – started now, marking the end of the lean season. Although the food security is slightly better than the same period last year, the situation remains concerning both in Blue Nile Highlights: and South Kordofan. With the jibraka harvest, families will be able now to have access to vegetables and some cereals. The main harvest, however, is Photo Credit: Tomo Kriznar 1 still months away, starting in October/November (see seasonal calendar on the next page). Flooding in the Blue According to the last FSMU quarterly report (May-July), “Moderate food Nile and heavy insecurity remained a major concern [in Southern Kurmuk County], however, rainfall in South exacerbated by flooding witnessed along the Yabus river, which may cause Kordofan impedes on localized pockets of severe food insecurity as the season progresses”. humanitarian aid “In Wadaka, for example, the number of households without any food stocks delivery and will increased from 46 per cent [last year] to 97 per cent [this year]. A possible reason why this was not reflected in the numbers of people that were likely impact the severely food insecure was that households in Wadaka were able to fall back main harvest on income from mining (primarily gold). This is considered normal for this time of year and correlates with an increased dependence on cash to purchase food. Still, it is significant, given that the harvest is not due to start until October.
  • FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC of ETHIOPIA El 320 Public Disclosure Authorized

    FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC of ETHIOPIA El 320 Public Disclosure Authorized

    FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA El 320 Public Disclosure Authorized ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC AND POWER CORPORATION (EEPCO) UNIVERSAL ELECTRIFICATION ACCESS PROGRAM Public Disclosure Authorized (UEAP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized February 2006 Beza Consulting Engineers, PLC BCEn 1 I b@2 xYgi m/NA!iC 'Ayt'AyGY4ThbR Public Disclosure Authorized BCE' ~ dll Consultant in Road, Building, Water & Energy Sectors Tel. 6 632861 /6 632862 Fax: 6 627809 P. O. Box: 41292 E-mail: [email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia EEPCO - Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Table of Contents List of Acronyms ....................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................... 6 1. Introduction ....................................... 10 1.] Background and General....................................... 10 1.2 Objective of the ESMF........................................ 11 1.3 Scope of Programand the Assessment ....................................... 12 1. 4 Environmental and Social Planning....................................... 12 1.5 Study Methodology ....................................... 14 2. Legislative and Regulatory Framework ....................................... 15 2. Legislative and Regulatory Framework ....................................... 15 2.1 The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia....................................... 15 2.1.1 Legal Framework ....................................... 15 2.1.2 Institutional Framework .......................................
  • The Mass Exodus from Ethiopia

    The Mass Exodus from Ethiopia

    Causes of Mass Exodus from Etfiopia ancl Problems of Integration in the Sudan Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala Flight and Integration Flight and Integration Causes of Mass Exodus from Ethiopia and Problems of Integration in the Sudan Mekuria Bulcha Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala @ 1988 Mekuria Bulcha and Nordiska afrikainstitutet ISBN 91-7106-279-3 Printed in Sweden by Motala Grafiska, Motala 1988 Acknowledgements In the course of writing this book I have become indebted to many people and several institutions in Sweden and the Sudan. I owe the deepest gratitude to Professor Ulf Himmelstrand without whose generous support and guidance this work could not have been completed. My sincere thanks also go to Docent Pablo Suarez who read my manuscript and gave me useful criticism and advice. I should also acknowledge my debt to Dr. Michael Stihl, Dr. Peter Nobel and Dr. Gaim Kibreab for their support and intellectual stimulation. I would like to express my appreciation for the assistance I received from the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies (SIAS). Karl Eric Ericson and Ingrid Dahlquist of the SIAS have been of the utmost help. I thank them sincerely. I am grateful to the staff of the Office of the Sudanese Commissioner for Refugees in Khartoum and Gedaref. My sincere thanks go also to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Sudanese Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in Khartoum. In Gedaref, I thank Lars Jonsson of the UNHCR, the staff of the Sudanese Council of Churches (SCC) and the International Rescue Committee (IRC).
  • Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons And

    Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons And

    Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention in Africa to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 15 – 29 March, 2004 Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons to Ethiopia 15 – 29 March 2004 Table of Contents Map of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia……………………………………3 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………..4 Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………..5 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….6 Prison Structure in Ethiopia ……………………………………………..…………….….7 Description of Detention Facilities Visited………………………………………..………9 Observations and Findings……………….………………………………..……………..23 Special Complaints………………………………………………………………………33 Good Practices…………………………………………………………………………...36 Conclusions and Recommendations……………………………………………………..41 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………45 - Press Statement at the beginning of the Mission…..……………………………45 - Press Statement at the end of the Mission………………………………………47 - Mandate of the Special Rapporteur………………………..……………………51 2 Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons to Ethiopia 15 – 29 March 2004 Map of Ethiopia showing Administrative Regions 3 Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons to Ethiopia 15 – 29 March 2004 Acknowledgement The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) wishes to express its appreciation to the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) for extending an invitation to the Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention in Africa to visit and
  • Guidelines and Proposal for Food Security Assessment in North and South Gonder Zones

    Guidelines and Proposal for Food Security Assessment in North and South Gonder Zones

    EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR UNITED NATIONS ETHIOPIA (UN-EUE) Cheffa Valley: refuge for 50,000 pastoralists and 200,000 animals Present humanitarian situation and livestock conditions in selected areas in and around Afar region Assessment Mission: 21- 26 July 2002 By Francois Piguet, UN-Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia 1 Introduction and background The mission’s major objective was to assess the humanitarian situation and livestock condition in selected surrounding areas of Afar region and in the Cheffa valley (Oromiya zone, Amhara region). The mission also cross-checked the situation in Afar region zone 5 and the Argobba special woreda (Afar region zone 3), from where unusual pastoralists movements started in January 2002. The assessment focused on animal condition, migration, marketing conditions and terms of trade, food availability and the nutritional situation in pastoralist settlements, particularly availability of milk. The mission hoped to get a better understanding of pastoralist stress migration and coping mechanisms in the western border zones with the Amhara highlands. During the field trip the following areas were visited: Adadlehangeg Sinkinamelket kebele in Simurobi Gele’Alo woreda (zone 5, Afar region), Cheffa Valley with temporary Afar settlements (Photo by Yves Guinand, UN- EUE, June 1999) Bati woreda (Oromiya zone, Amhara region), Telalak and Dewe woredas (zone 5, Afar region), Dalifage in Artuma woreda (zone 5, Afar region) Kemise (Oromiya zone, Amhara region), Showa Robit (North Showa, Amhara region) and Gacheni in Argobba special woreda (zone 3, Afar Region). Except Fursi woreda still located off-road, the four other woredas of zone 5, Afar region were visited. South-western areas in Afar Region: zone 5 as well as Dulecha close to Argobba woreda in zone 3, Afar pastoralists are usually moving to the western escarpment (Oromiya zone in Amhara Region and North Showa) and/or to Zone 3, along the Awash River.
  • Marking Nuer Histories

    Marking Nuer Histories

    Marking Nuer Histories Gender, Gerontocracy, and the Politics of Inclusion in the Upper Nile from 1400 – 1931 By Noel Stringham Department of History University of Virgnia 1 February 2016 0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Page 1 Dating System Table of Historical Age-Sets/Marriage-Sets Page 2 List of Maps Page 4 Orthographies, Spellings, and Translations Page 5 Acknowledgements Page 8 Introduction Marking the Past: Page 10 Indigenous Epistemologies of History, “the Nuer”, and Africanist Historians Chapter 1 History as Exogamous Kinship: Page 33 Agro-Pastoralist Mobility, Pulling Teeth, and Ethnogenesis After 1400 Chapter 2 Marking Marriageability: Page 76 Reconstructing a Gendered History of the Era of “Turning-Hearts (1790s – 1828) Chapter 3 Marking Costly Assimilations Page 110 Loosing Battles, Recruiting Bachelors, and Erosion of Moral Community (1828 – 1860s) Chapter 4 Marking the Prophet’s Rod: Page 154 From Chaos to Syncretistic Community (1870s – 1896) Chapter 5 Marking Militarization: Page 196 From the Prophet’s Rod to Firearms on the Abyssinian Frontier (1896 – 1920s) Conclusion History as Additive: Page 245 Achieving and Archiving Change through Combination and Accumulation Bibliography Page 253 1 Table of Historic Age-Sets / Marriageability-Sets Cohorts of the Eastern Jikäny and other nei ti naath until 2003 Ric (thok naath) Age-Set / Marriage-Set Name (English) Initiation Date - Early Sets (Bul and Jikäny) 1 – Riɛk 2 Alter Pole Unknown Jɔk 3 Earth-Spirit / Disease Unknown - Sets with Gaar (Jikäny, Lak, Thiaŋ, Jagɛi, Lɔu,
  • The Derg-SPLM/A Cooperation: an Aspect of Ethio-Sudan Proxy Wars

    The Derg-SPLM/A Cooperation: an Aspect of Ethio-Sudan Proxy Wars

    The Derg-SPLM/A Cooperation: An Aspect of Ethio-Sudan Proxy Wars Regassa Bayissa∗ Abstract The warm and friendly Ethio-Sudan diplomatic relations that followed Sudan’s independence in 1956 and the long standing frontier trade between the two countries have been severely damaged by the outbreak of civil wars in southern Sudan in 1955 as well as in Eritrea in 1962. As the civil wars intensified in both countries, the influx of refugees and insurgents across their common border took place. Internal political and socio-economic problems in Ethiopia and the Sudan, together with super-power rivalries in the Horn brought about periods of increasing hostilities between the two countries. On a tit for tat basis, both the Imperial and military governments of Ethiopia and the successive governments of the Sudan came to encourage and assist cross-border guerrilla forces from either side. Thus, animosity rather than cooperation characterized relations between the Sudan and Ethiopia until the fall of the Derg in 1991. Keywords: Derg, Ethio-sudan relations, SPLM/A, proxy wars Introduction The Upper Nile and Jonglei regions of Southern Sudan bordering Gambella and the Gambella region itself were intensively affected by the wars between the governments of the Sudan and the Anyanya I (the southern Sudan Guerilla group in the first civil war 1955- 1972), the SPLA (Sudan People’s Liberation Army of the second civil war 1983-2005), the Lou-Jikany conflict (1993-1994), the armed conflicts following the splits within the SPLM/A and the South Sudan Independence Movement Army (SSIM/A) 1991-2005). The Sudan governments claimed that Ethiopia was supporting the South Sudan guerrillas struggling to secede from the north while the governments of Ethiopia accused successive Sudanese governments of material and moral support to the Eritrean secessionist movements.