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เขื่อนคอนกรีต (Concrete Dams) • เขื่อนหินกอ่ (Masonry Dams) • เขื่อนไม ้ (Timber Dams) • เขื่อนเหล็ก (Steel Dams)

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เขื่อนคอนกรีต (Concrete Dams) • เขื่อนหินกอ่ (Masonry Dams) • เขื่อนไม ้ (Timber Dams) • เขื่อนเหล็ก (Steel Dams) การฝึกอบรมเชงปฏิ บิ ตั การิ หลกสั ตรู การจดการดั านความปลอดภ้ ยเขั อนเบ่ื องต้ื น้ รนทุ่ ่ี 8 30 ตุลาคม 2561 1 บทนํา เขื่อนเป็ นอาคารที่กอสร่ างป้ ิ ดกนทางนั้ ํ้าเพื่อเก็บ กกนั ํ้าและนํานํ้าที่ไดจากการเก้ ็บกกไปใชั ในก้ ิจการ สาธารณประโยชนต์ ่าง ๆ ไดอย้ างอเนกอน่ นตั ์ ในทางตรงกนขั าม้ หากเกิดความเสียหายจากสาเหต ุ ที่ไมคาดค่ ิดต่างๆ จะสงผลต่ ่อความเสียหายของ ทรพยั ส์ ินตลอดจนชีวิตมนษยุ และส์ ตวั เล์ ้ียง 2 1 เขือนและองค่ ประกอบของเข์ ือน่ ประเภทของเขื่อน ตามลกษณะการใชั งาน้ • เข่อนทดนื าํ้ /ระบายนาํ้ (Barrages/Diversion Dams) • เข่อนกื กเกั บน็ าํ้ (Storage Dams) 3 เขือนทดน่ ้าํ /ระบายน้าํ (Barrages/Diversion Dams) เข่ือนแม่กลอง กาญจนบรุ ี เข่ือนเจาพระยา้ ชยนาทั ประตูระบายน้ําคลองลดโพธั ์ิ สมทรปราการุ ประตูระบายน้ําอทกวุ ิภาชประสทธิ ์ิ นครศรธรรมราชี 4 2 เขือนทดน่ ้าํ /ระบายน้าํ (Barrages/Diversion Dams) ประตูระบายน้ําบางนรา นราธิวาส เข่ือนทดน้ําผาจุก อตรดุ ิษถ์ เข่ือนนเรศวร พษณิ ุโลก Lock and Dam 26, Missouri 5 เข่อนกื กเกั บน็ าํ้ (Storage Dams) 6 3 เข่อนกื กเกั บน็ าํ้ (Storage Dams) 7 เข่อนกื กเกั บน็ าํ้ (Storage Dams) 8 4 เข่อนกื กเกั บน็ าํ้ (Storage Dams) 9 ชนดของเขิ ือนก่ กเกั ็บน้าํ (Types of Storage Dams) • เขื่อนวสดั ุถม (Embankment Dams) • เขื่อนคอนกรีต (Concrete Dams) • เขื่อนหินกอ่ (Masonry Dams) • เขื่อนไม ้ (Timber Dams) • เขื่อนเหล็ก (Steel Dams) 10 5 ชนดของเขิ ือนก่ กเกั ็บน้าํ (Types of Storage Dams) •เขื่อนวสดั ุถม (Embankment Dams) • เขื่อนดินถม (Earthen Dams / Earthfill Dams) • เขื่อนดินถมเน้ือเดียว (Homogeneous Earthfill Dams • เขื่อนดินถมแบ่งโซน (Zoned Earthfill Dams) • เขื่อนหินถม (Rockfill Dams) • เขื่อนหินถมแกนทึบน้ํา (Impervious Cored Rockfill Dams) • เขื่อนหินถมแผ่นทึบน้ํา (Diaphram Rockfill Dam) 11 ชนดของเขิ ือนก่ กเกั ็บน้าํ (Types of Storage Dams) •เขื่อนคอนกรีต (Concrete Dams) • เขื่อนถ่วงน้ําหนัก (Concrete Gravity Dams) • เขื่อนโคง้ (Concrete Arch Dams) • เขื่อนคอนกรีตบดอดั [Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Dams] • เขื่อนครีบ (Buttress Dams) 12 6 เขือนด่ ินถม (Earthfill Dams) . Hydraulic-Fill Dams . Rolled-Fill Dams 13 •เขื่อนดินถม (Earthfill Dams) 14 7 การสรางเข้ ือนด่ ินถมชนดิ Hydraulic-Fill Earthen Dams 15 การสรางเข้ ือนด่ ินถมชนดิ Rolled-Fill Earthen Dams 16 8 เขือนห่ ินถม (Rockfill Dams) • Diaphragm Rockfill Dams • Impervious Cored Rockfill Dams 17 เขือนห่ ินถม (Rockfill Dams) 18 9 เขือนห่ ินถม (Rockfill Dams) เข่ือนหนถมชนิ ิด Diaphragm Rockfill Dams 19 เขือนห่ ินถม (Rockfill Dams) เข่ือนหนถมชนิ ิด Diaphragm Rockfill Dams Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) 20 10 เขือนห่ ินถม (Rockfill Dams) เข่ือนหนถมชนิ ิด Impervious Cored Rockfill Dams 21 22 11 เขือนคอนกร่ ีต (Concrete Dams) • Gravity Dams • Arch Dams • Buttress Dams 23 เขือนคอนกร่ ีต (Concrete Dams) • Gravity Dams • Arch Dams • Buttress Dams 24 12 เขือนคอนกร่ ีต (Concrete Dams) • Gravity Dams • Arch Dams เขื่อนตาดโตน ภพานราชนู ิเวศน์ สกลนคร • Buttress Dams 25 สถานภาพของเขืื่่อนในปััจจุุบนัั 13 เข่อนทื ่สี งทู ่สี ดในโลกุ ณ ปัจจุบัน ชื่อเขื่อน ความสูง (ม.) ชนิดประเทศปี คศ. ที่สร้างเสร็จ Rogun dam 335 Embankment rock-fill Tajikistan suspended Bakhtiari Dam 325 Concrete arch Iran กาลํ งกั ่อสร้าง Shuangjiangkou Dam 312 Embankment rock-fill China กาลํ งกั ่อสร้าง Jinping-I Dam 305 Concrete arch China 2013 Nurek Dam 300 Embankment earth-fill Tajikistan 1980 Xiaowan Dam 292 Concrete arch China 2010 Xiluodu Dam 285.5 Concrete arch China 2013 Grande Dixence Dam 285 Concrete gravity Switzerland 1964 Enguri Dam 271.5 Concrete arch Georgia 1987 Vajont Dam (disused) 261.6 Concrete arch Italy 1959 Nuozhadu Dam 261.5 Embankment China 2012 27 องคประกอบของเข์ ือน่ 28 14 องคประกอบของเข์ ือน่ • ขอบอางเก่ บน็ ้ํา (Reservoir Rim) • ตวเขั อน่ื (Dam Body) • อาคารระบายน้ําลน้ (Spillway(s)) • อาคารทอส่ งน่ ้ํา/ระบายน้ํา (Outlet Works) 29 ตวเขั ือน่ (Dam Body) •สนเขั อน่ื (Dam Crest) •ลาดเขอนเหน่ื ือน้ํา (Upstream Slope / Face) •ลาดเขอนท่ื ายน้ ้ํา (Downstream Slope / Face) • ฐานยนั (Abutments) • ฐานราก (Foundation) 30 15 ทฤษฎของแรงที ่กระที ากํ บตั ัวเข่ือน 31 ทฤษฎการซี ึมผ่านตัวเข่ือน 32 16 ทฤษฎของเสี ้นการซึมผ่านตัวเข่ือน Seepage / Phreatic Line 33 การออกแบบระบบกรอง (Filters) 34 17 การออกแบบระบบกรอง (Filters) 35 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) หน้าที่และประเภทของอาคารระบายนํ้าล้น • อาคารระบายน้ําลนใช้ งาน้ (Service Spillway) • อาคารระบายน้ําลนหล้ กั (Primary Spillway / Main Spillway) • อาคารระบายน้ําลนส้ ารองํ (Auxiliary Spillway / Secondary Spillway) • อาคารระบายน้ําลนฉ้ ุกเฉิน (Emergency Spillway) 36 18 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) ชื่อเฉพาะของอาคารระบายนํ้าล้นแบบต่างๆ • Gated Spillway • Ungated Spillway • Chute Spillway or Trough • Drop Inlet / Morning Glory Spillway Spillway • Ogee Spillway • Free Over Fall Spillway • Side Channel Spillway • Syphon Spillway • Duckbill Spillway • Labyrinth Spillway 37 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Labyrinth Spillway Duckbill Spillway 38 19 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Drop Inlet / Morning Glory Spillway 39 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Drop Inlet / Morning Glory Spillway 40 20 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Free Over Fall Spillway Syphon Spillway 41 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Side Channel or Chute Spillway 42 21 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Gated Spillways 43 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Gated Spillways 44 22 อาคารระบายนาลํ้ ้น (Spillways) Itaipu’s Gates and Chutes Spillway 45 อาคารทอส่ ่งนาํ้ (Outlet Works) • ทอส่ งน่ ้ําชลประทาน (Irrigation Outlets) • ทอส่ งน่ ้ําลงลานํ ้ําเดมิ (River Outlet) • ทอระบายน่ ้ํากนเข้ อน่ื (Bottom Outlet) 46 23 อาคารทอส่ ่งนาํ้ (Outlet Works) ท่อส่งนํ้าชลประทานท่อส่งนํ้าชลประทาน (Irrigation (Irrigation Outlets) Outlet) ท่อส่งนํ้าลงลานํ ํ้าเดิม (River Outlet) ท่อส่งนํ้าลงลานํ ํ้าเดิม (River Outlet) ท่อระบายนํ้าก้นเขื่อน (Bottom Outlet) ท่อระบายนํ้าก้นเขื่อน (Bottom Outlet) 47 อาคารทอส่ ่งนาํ้ (Outlet Works) ท่อส่งนํ้าลงลานํ ํ้าเดิม (River Outlet) ท่อระบายนํ้าก้นเขื่อน (Bottom Outlet) 48 24 จบการบรรยาย 49 25.
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