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Some Features of the Species of the Genus Juglans L in the Conditions of Bryansk Oblast

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Some Features of the Species of the Genus Juglans L in the Conditions of Bryansk Oblast Impact Factor ISRA (India) = 1.344 Impact Factor JIF = 1.500 Impact Factor ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 Impact Factor SIS (USA) = 0.438 based on International Citation Report (ICR) Impact Factor РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.179 Impact Factor GIF (Australia) = 0.356 SOI: 1.1/TAS DOI: 10.15863/TAS Vladimir Nikolaevich Sorokopudov Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, International Scientific Journal All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Theoretical & Applied Science Horticulture and Nursery, Moscow, Russia [email protected] p-ISSN: 2308-4944 (print) e-ISSN: 2409-0085 (online) Thi Chuc Nguyen PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Bryansk State Academy of Year: 2015 Issue: 03 Volume: 23 Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia [email protected] Published: 30.03.2015 http://T-Science.org Svetlana Nikolayeva Shlapаkova doctor of biological sciences, associate professor, SECTION 11. Biology. Ecology. Veterinary. Faculty of Forestry, Bryansk State Academy of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia [email protected] Thi Bich Thuy To master, teacher, Ho Chi Minh City University of physical education and sports, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam [email protected] SOME FEATURES OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS JUGLANS L IN THE CONDITIONS OF BRYANSK OBLAST Abstract: The genus Juglans, family Juglandaceae, comprises several species. It is widely distributed throughout the world. Green walnuts, shells, seeds, barks, and leaves are used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Leaves are easily available in abundant amounts. The analysis was conducted for several purposes. Firstly, the elemental compositions of various parts of the leaves and immature fruits of four species of the genus Juglans L, growing in the conditions of Bryansk region was determined. Ten elements were detected by using electron-ion raster scanning microscope «Quanta 200 3D» in nanocenter NIU "BSU" and percentages of macronutrients and micronutrients in the leaves and immature fruits were determined. The analysis was also conducted to determine quantification of various substances: flavonoids, organic acids, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, dry matter, chlorophyll, carotenoid, free and bound water. This data can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. Secondly, the morphology and anatomy of the leaf and water-holding capacity of four species of the genus Juglans L were also identified. Therefore, this result can prove the difference among the species of the genus Juglans L. Key words: Anatomy, species of the genus Juglans L, leaf, chlorophyll, immature fruit, chemical composition. Language: English Citation: Sorokopudov VN, Nguyen TC, Shlapаkova SN, To TBT (2015) SOME FEATURES OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS JUGLANS L IN THE CONDITIONS OF BRYANSK OBLAST. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science 03 (23): 49-54. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS*03(23)10 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2015.03.23.10 Introduction are moisture-loving plants, but they differ in drought It is well known that the species of the genus resistance [13]. Drought resistance is determined in Juglans L are valuable fruit trees example [6, p.95- the driest growing season [14]. We use physiological 98; 15]. They have high economic value. They are methods to identify drought resistance features of the widely used in medical and pharmaceutical species of the genus Juglans L in the conditions of industries. The fruits contain up to 76% fat, 22% the Bryansk region. protein and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins A, C, Materials and methods E and F [11]. Activated carbons were prepared from The leaves and immature fruits of four species walnut shells. Foliage, barks, roots and green shells of the genus Juglans L were used as research are used for dyeing fabrics (wool, silk, yarn), as well materials: walnut (Juglans regia), Manchurian as for hair coloring [9, p.212-214]. Vitamin walnut (Juglans mandshurica), back walnut (Juglans concentrate is prepared from immature fruits [3; 12 nigra), butterwalnut (Juglans cinerea). Anatomical p.54]. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study study and elemental compositions of the leaves and of the chemical compositions of leaves and immature immature fruits were carried out using the ion- fruits to search for an additional source of medicinal scanning electron microscope. Anatomy and plants. Additionally, species of the genus Juglans L morphological parameters of the epidermal cells of ISPC The Best of European Innovations, Gothenburg, Sweden 49 Impact Factor ISRA (India) = 1.344 Impact Factor JIF = 1.500 Impact Factor ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 Impact Factor SIS (USA) = 0.438 based on International Citation Report (ICR) Impact Factor РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.179 Impact Factor GIF (Australia) = 0.356 the leaves of various species of the genus Juglans L The data obtained allows us to conclude that the were studied using the SEM Quanta 200 3D, the Carl leaves of four species of the genus Juglans L contain Zeiss microscope and the program VideoTest 5.0. a large amount of magnesium, which has a calming Chemical compositions of the leaves and immature effect on the brain, and a large amount of this macro fruits were analyzed following the instructions in -element promotes anti-stress action [9, p.33-44]. GOST 5900-73 (for dry matter and water content ), The content of magnesium 1.18% (Table -1) is differential spectrophotometry (for flavonoid determined in the walnut Juglans nigra. The leaves content), in titrimetry (content of ascorbic acid; of the four species of the genus Juglans L also content of free organic acids ), in the Levantalya contain a large amount of calcium. It is well known method (for determination of antioxidant activity of that the species of the genus Juglans L have the plant materials), in spectrophotometry (for properties of drought resistance and winter hardiness chlorophyll content) in refractometer (for content of [10], which are enhanced due to the presence of high free and bound water). Drought resistance was calcium content. evaluated by the degree of damage of the leaves. Results and discussions 1. The chemical composition of leaves and immature fruits of some species of the genus Juglans L in the conditions of Bryansk region. Table 1 Elemental composition of the leaves of four species of the genus Juglans L (Wt%) Element Juglans regia J.nigra J.mandshurica J.cinerea С 46.34 42.65 40.75 61.93 О 48.60 53.92 55.89 36.01 Mg 0.92 1.18 0.84 0.28 Al - 0.17 0.15 0.13 P 0.15 0.18 - - K 0.83 0.75 1.02 0.51 Ca 0.80 1.15 0.96 0.94 Si 2.35 - 0.39 0.19 This is explained by the role of calcium because leaves and its content is revealed from 2.55% - calcium and magnesium are the basis of pectin of 3.87% (Table-2) in the immature fruit. Potassium is medial plates of cells (intercellular substance) in the involved in the regulation of cellular osmotic plant body. Calcium ensures the integrity of cell potential. Potassium plays an important role in the membranes has a water retention capacity of drought resistance and winter hardiness. It also plays protoplasm, involves in the construction of the cell an essential role in the regulation of water balance wall of plants; increases plant tissues’ hardness and and the process of normalization of cardiac rhythm improves plants’ endurance. Its contents are 0.15% [9, p.33-44]. It can be suggested that the leaves and (Table-1), which is found in the black walnut leaves immature fruits of the genus Juglans L are an and 4.03% in the Manchurian walnut immature fruits available source of calcium, potassium and (Table 2). It is known that calcium is an essential magnesium due to the high content of potassium element in the human body. It plays an important according to our data (Table 1-2). Silicon is found in role in the regulation of the blood clotting, in the all four species of the genus Juglans L and its heart rhythm regulation. It also plays a vital role in content is up to 2.34% in the leaves of Juglans regia immune processes, in the synthesis and enzyme that increases plant resistance to powdery mildew. works [11]. Being present in every cell of the body, Iodine is also found in the immature fruits. Tincture calcium regulates the reproduction of cells and of pericarp is recommended in the treatment of protein synthesis. For these reasons, it is important to hyperthyroidism [7, p.121-123]. find affordable medicinal raw materials with a high content of calcium. A large amount of potassium is also found in the leaves and immature fruits. The content of potassium is 0.51- 1.02% (Table 1) in the ISPC The Best of European Innovations, Gothenburg, Sweden 50 Impact Factor ISRA (India) = 1.344 Impact Factor JIF = 1.500 Impact Factor ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 Impact Factor SIS (USA) = 0.438 based on International Citation Report (ICR) Impact Factor РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.179 Impact Factor GIF (Australia) = 0.356 Table 2 Elemental compositions of immature fruits of four species of the genus Juglans L (Wt%) Element Juglans regia J.nigra J.mandshurica J.cinerea С 56.71 52.84 52.08 56.70 О 38.08 42.22 38.82 38.54 Mg 0.28 0.12 0.55 0.21 Al 0.03 0.17 0.16 0.09 P 0.52 0.28 0.20 0.40 K 3.87 3.34 2.85 2.55 Ca - 0.44 4.03 1.23 Si 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.05 S 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.23 I 0.14 0.24 0.86 - The data obtained allow us to conclude that the various biological compounds: flavonoids, organic leaves and immature fruits of all species of the genus acids (up to 3,838% in immature fruits of the walnut Juglans growing in the Bryansk region contain Juglans mandshurica), ascorbic acid (Table 3-4).
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