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Gender Stereotypes in Disney Princesses' Animated Movies: The PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Gender Stereotypes in Disney Princesses’ Animated Movies: The Case of Cinderella (1950) and Beauty and the Beast (1991) Dissertation Submitted to the Department of English as partial fulfillment of the Master’s Degree in Literature and Civilization Presented by: Supervised by: Ms. ZOUICHENE Rahma Prof. Faiza SENOUCI Co-supervisor: Ms. Meryem MENGOUCHI Board of Examiners Dr. Fatiha BELMERABET President Prof. Faiza SENOUCI Supervisor Ms. Meryem MENGOUCHI Co-Supervisor Mrs. Souad HAMIDI Examiner Academic Year: 2018/2019 Dedications I dedicate this work to The shining sun of my days and the moonlight in my nights, my beautiful beloved mother and my dear father! To my backup, my heart and reason to live, My brother Abduljalile To my sister Ahlem and my brother Abdulwaheb To Sarah. H and Ibtissem. L And to all my friends and family members i Acknowledgements First and foremost, praise to almighty Allah, he who bestowed me with divine blessings and guidance when writing this work. My sincere thanks go to Professor Faiza SENOUCI, my dear respected supervisor, whose advices, kindness, and support paved the way for this work to be fulfilled. Additional heartfelt thanks to you for always believing in me. With deepest gratitude, I share the credit of my dissertation with Ms. Meryem MENGOUSHI. You are the candle light that illuminated my way towards fulfilling this work which would have remained a simple idea without the invaluable help and guidance you provided me with. A special acknowledgement is conveyed to the jury members, the respected teachers Mrs. Souad HAMIDI, as well as Dr. Fatiha BELMERABET. Thank you for accepting to read and examine my thesis. I would also like to express love and gratitude to Dr. Fatima NEBATI and Dr. Wassila MOURO. I consider myself profoundly fortunate that, once upon a time, I was your student. Last but not least, I wish to thank everyone who granted me help and support during the realization of this dissertation. ii Abstract This work deals with a substantial issue in the world of animation. It is about gender stereotypes in a specific line of movies that have been released by Disney. The corporation’s animated depictions of folk tales have massively been propagated, gaining a worldwide fame. This prominence was at times celebrated. At other times, however, it has been criticized due to the standardized ideology by which Disney’s versions are driven. This dissertation first introduces gender stereotypes, and related issues, that have been exhibited in the majority of the company’s stories’ adaptations. After that, it projects what have been covered formerly, on two of the most famous products released by Disney. The animated movies that have been picked by the researcher in order to be analysed are Cinderella and Beauty and the Beast. The two previously mentioned cases included a superabundant amount of traditional portrayals related to genders, their physical appearances as well as their relationship with each other. Therefore, the importance of this academic work lies behind raising awareness about what is being absorbed by young girls and boys. As a matter of fact, parents are highly recommended to be cognizant of the information presented in this thesis, due to the serious impacts such stereotypes can have over their children. iii Table of Contents DEDICATIONS ............................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES.………………….……………………………………………..vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1. Chapter One: Gender-Related Stereotypes in Disney’s Animated Movies ......... 5 1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6 1.2. An Overview about the Meaning of Stereotypes ..................................................... 6 1.2.1. Gender Stereotypes and Gender Roles ................................................................. 8 1.2.2. Media & Gender Stereotypes ................................................................................ 8 1.2.3. Gender Stereotypes in Movies ............................................................................ 12 1.3. Children’s Media ................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Gender Stereotypes in Disney’s Animated Movies ............................................... 17 1.4.1. Disney: Historical Background of the Animated World’s Leader ..................... 19 1.4.2. Origins of Disney Tales ...................................................................................... 21 1.4.3. The Three Eras’ Disney Princesses .................................................................... 22 1.4.4. Protagonists Versus the Masculine and Feminine Traits .................................... 25 1.4.5. Rescue and Assertiveness in Disney Princesses’ Animated Movies .................. 27 1.4.5.1. Rescue Acts in Disney Pricesses’ Aimated Movies ........................................ 27 iv 1.4.5.2. Assertiveness in Disney Princesses Animated Movies ................................... 27 1.5. Love and Romanticized Relationships .................................................................. 28 1.6. Beauty standards in Relation to Love .................................................................... 29 1.7. Patriarchy in Disney ............................................................................................... 31 1.8. Disney’s Impacts on Young Girls .......................................................................... 32 1.9. Themes in Disney Princesses Animated Movies ................................................... 33 1.10. Maleness and Femaleness in Disney’s Movies.................................................... 35 1.10.1. Maleness ........................................................................................................... 35 1.10.2. Femaleness ....................................................................................................... 36 1.11. Characterization in Disney Princesses Animated Movies ................................... 37 1.11.1. Idealized Female Heroines ................................................................................ 37 1.11.2. Idealized White Maleness ................................................................................. 38 1.11.3. Prince Versus Princess in Disney Animated Movies ...................................... 39 1.11.4. Old Men and Women ........................................................................................ 40 1.11.5. Disney’s Villains ............................................................................................... 42 1.11.6. Disney’s Evil Fatale Women ............................................................................ 44 1.12. Misandry and Misogyny ...................................................................................... 45 1.12.1. Beauty in Relation to Misandry and Misogyny ................................................ 48 1.12.2. Love and Marriage in Relation to Misandry and Misogyny ............................ 48 1.13. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 49 2. Chapter Two: Gender Stereotypes and Love Portrayals in Disney’s Cinderella (1950) and Beauty and the Beast (1991) ..................................................................... 50 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 51 2.2. Gender Stereotypes in Disney’s Cinderella (1950) ............................................... 51 2.2.1. The History of Cinderella ................................................................................... 51 2.2.2. Different Depictions of the Same Story .............................................................. 54 v 2.2.3. The Archetype of Female Characters in Cinderella............................................ 57 2.2.3.1. Domesticity ...................................................................................................... 58 2.2.3.2. Helplessness ..................................................................................................... 59 2.2.3.3. Idealism through the Female Characters in Cinderella ................................... 60 2.2.4. The Prince, a Nameless Rescuer ......................................................................... 61 2.2.5. Violence: A Masculine Way of Expression ........................................................ 63 2.2.6. The Absence of Fatherhood and Parenting ......................................................... 64 2.2.7. Elderly through Disney’s Old Aged Male & female Characters ........................ 64 2.2.8. Love, Beauty Standards in Cinderella ................................................................ 68 2.2.9. Evilness through Female
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