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Racism and Stereotypes: Th Movies-A Special Reference to And People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific ResearchResearch Larbi Ben M’h idi University-Oum El Bouaghi Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Racism and Stereotypes: The Image of the Other in Disney’s Movies-A Special Reference to Aladdin , Dumbo and The Lion King A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D egree of Master of Arts in Anglo-American Studies By: Abed Khaoula Board of Examiners Supervisor: Hafsa Naima Examiner: Stiti Rinad 2015-2016 Dedication To the best parents on earth Ouiza and Mourad To the most adorable sisters Shayma, Imène, Kenza and Abir To my best friend Doudou with love i Acknowledgements First of all,I would like to thank ‘A llah’ who guides and gives me the courage and Patience for conducting this research.. I would like to express my deep appreciation to my supervisor Miss Hafsa Naima who traced the path for this dissertation. This work would have never existed without her guidance and help. Special thanks to my examiner Miss Stiti Rinad who accepted to evaluate my work. In a more personal vein I would like to thank my mother thousand and one thanks for her patience and unconditional support that facilitated the completion of my graduate work. Last but not least, I acknowledge the help of my generous teacher Mr. Bouri who believed in me and lifted up my spirits. Thank you for everyone who believed in me. ii ا ا أن اوات ا اد ر ر دة اطل , د ه اوات ا . أم د ءا أ أدب ام ا طل ة 60 . و ذ إ ط ااق أم ارت ا( 1941 ) ن ار ا ا ا ا ااق . ارات ادب أن ھا ا درا م و ذ ن ھه ارا أم وا د ا و ا ھد إ أ ا و ا ھ اطل . ة ه ام دت و ه اس ا و ا ح ھا ا ا اة ھم اب ا إ ه . وا ھه ارا ا ات ا و ا ا ا د و ا اي أ أ دا ( 1941) , ء ا ( 1992 ) و ا ا ( 1994 ) . و ت ھه ارا أن ا ا وظ ا ا اس ا و اب , ار و ار ا أو اد م ذ ھا ا أن أن أ ارض ات ھه اوف ا ھھ ا ھ اء و و ن ا ار ا اي . V Rèsumè Bien que les contes littéraires classiques ont une histoire importante d'être une source de bonheur des enfants; Cependant, ce que la plupart des gens savent maintenant est plutôt les interprétations de Disney de ces contes. Pleine longueur d'animation des films de Disney ont été une forme populaire de la littérature animée pour enfants depuis plus de 60 ans. Mais quand nous regardons en arrière à des représentations raciales de l'époque des années 1940 dans des films comme Dumbo (1941), nous sommes susceptibles d'être choqué par la façon négative et ouvertement stéréotypée des représentations raciales sont. La revue de la littérature montre que ce sujet a été étudié d'une manière générale. Cependant, cette étude révèle le fait que même si les films de Walt Disney sont largement considérés comme des véhicules pédagogiques innocents qui visent à éduqués la partie la plus sensible de la société à savoir les enfants, une observation critique montrera qu'ils reflètent généralement des connotations stéréotypées racistes sur les non-occidentaux. Ainsi, cette recherche se lever une série de questions intéressantes, telles que comment l’occident voit son Autre ? Par conséquent, cet article se concentrera sur révéler les représentations inexactes négatives qui ont cherché à propager le racisme dans un échantillon de trois-métrages d'animation du films du Disney à savoir: Dumbo (1941), Aladdin (1992), et Le Roi Lion (1994). Cette étude conclut que le royaume magique avait stéréotypie dépeint les personnes de couleur à savoir les Arabes, les Afro-Américains et les Africains pour dire noirs en général, aussi ces représentations stéréotypées ont été consciemment adoptées pour fournir aux jeunes auditoires fait déformée de leur Autre et perpétuant ainsi et renforcer le racisme. IV Abstract For a long time the literary classic tale used to be the source of joy for children; however, nowadays this is not the case since people become more familiar with Disney’s interpretation of these tales. Disney’s full-length animated films have been a popular form of children’s animated literature for more than 60 years. But when we look back at racial representations from the time of the 1940s in films such as Disney’s Dumbo (1941), we are likely to be shocked by how negative and overtly stereotypical the racial representations are. The literature review shows that this subject has been studied in a general manner. However, this study reveal the fact that even though the films of Walt Disney are widely considered as innocent, pedagogical tools that aim to educate the most sensitive part of the society i.e. children, a critical viewing will show that they generally reflect racist stereotypical connotations about non-western people. Thus, this research raises a set of interesting questions such as how the western best views the orient rest. Therefore, this paper will be focusing on revealing the negative, inaccurate representations that sought to propagate racism in a sample of three full-length animated Disney movies namely: Dumbo (1941), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994).This study finds that the Magical Kingdom had stereotypically portrayed people of color namely Arabs, African and African Americans or blacks in general. These stereotypical depictions were consciously adopted to provide young audiences with distorted facts about their Other and thus perpetuating and reinforcing racism. iii Table of Contents: Dedication………………………………………………………………………..…......i Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….....ii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..iii Résumé…………………………………………………………………………….…..iv ……………………………………………………………………………………v Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………. .....vi List of Figures……………………………………………………………………... VI List of Tables…………………………………………………………………….….. VI Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…...1 Chapter One : ………………………………………………………………………..…6 Hidden in the Open: Mediated Racism inAmerica’s big screens……………………....7 Casting ‘Race’ in The World of Innocence……………………………………….…..16 Chapter Two : …………………………………………………………………..….27 Orientalist Ingredients from Dumbo , The Lion King , and Aladdin Filmic…………...27 Otherness, Superiority, savagery, and The African Orient in Dumbo (1941) and The Lion King (1994)……………………………………………………………………...29 “It’s Barbaric, but- Hey It’s Home” The representation of "the Orient" in Walt Disney's Aladdin……………………………………………………………………………….45 Chapter Three……………………………………………………………………...….56 English with an Accent: Using Accents to Teach Discrimination…………………..56 Examining Accent Performance in Disney’s Animated Movies……………………..56 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….....74 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..77 VI List of Tabeles Table : 1 Accent’s performance in Dumbo………………………………………61 Table : 2 Accent’s distribution in Aladdin………………………………………62 Table 3: The villain’s Accent in The Lion King…………………………………62 IX List of Figures Fig.1. The Roustabout Workers in Dumbo. Digital Image. New Savana . Bill Benzon. Web. 16 Apr, 2016………………………………………………………………………31 Fig.2. Smoking Crows in Dumbo . Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Roberg Studios. Web. 16 Apr, 2016………………………………………………………………………32 Fig.3. Funny, careless Crows in Dumbo . Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Oliver Baghdadi. Web. 16 Apr, 2016…………………………………………………………34 Fig.4. The African zoo in The Lion King . Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Disney 14ph12. Web. 20 Apr, 2016…………………………………………………………….38 Fig.5. The pride lands in The Lion King. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Disney 14ph12. Web. 20 Apr, 2016………………………………………………….…………39 Fig.6. The Elephant Graveyard. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Disney 14ph12. Web. 20 Apr, 2016………………………………………………………………………40 Fig.7. The Violent Hyenas. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Nala15. Web. 20 Apr,2016………………………………………………………………………………....41 Fig.8. Vivid Scene, Simba “ I Can’t Just Wait To Be a King”. Fun Art Albums . Firestar. Web. 22Apr,2016…………………………………………………………..…42 Fig.9. The shadowy Hyenas Scene. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Nala15. Web. 20 Apr, 2016……………………………………………………………………………...…43 VII Fig.10. The Scary Desert opening scene in Aladdin . Digital Image. Planet Minecraft . Peppermint Tho. Web. 16 Apr, 2016…………………………………………………..47 Fig.11. Aggressive Arab Merchants threatening Jasmine. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Nathaniel 1996.Web. 25 Apr,2016………………………………………………49 Fig.12. The Anglicized Aladdin. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Glitter Disaster. Web. 25 Apr, 2016……………………………………………………………………....51 Fig.13. The Evil Jaafar. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Lady Janky. Web. 25 Apr,2016………………………………………………………………………………....51 Fig.14. Belly Dancers in Aladdin Digital Image. The Disney Wiki. MFaccas . Web. 25 Apr, 2016………………………………………………………………………………...52 Fig.15 . The Americanized Jasmine. Digital Image. The Disney Wiki . Nathaniel 25 Apr. 2016………………………………………………………………………………...52 Fig.16. Housekeeper Women in Aladdin. Digital Image. The Movie Screen Cap Gallery . Coppermine Photo Gallery. Web. 28 Apr,2016…………………………..…53 VIII Table of Contents: Dedication…………………………………………………………………………......i Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………...ii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….iii Résumé………………………………………………………………………………..iv …………………………………………………………………………………..v Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………….. vi Introduction……………………………………………………………………… ….1 Chapter one:………………………………………………………………………….6 1.1.Hidden in the Open: Mediated Racism in America’s big screens…………….6 1.2.Casting ‘Race’ in The World of Innocence……………………………………15 Chapter two: Orientalist Ingredients from Dumbo , The Lion King , and Aladdin Filmic…………………………………………………………………………………26
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