UNHCR

SPECIAL FUNDING APPEAL

FOR UNHCR’S

SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAMME

TO PROVIDE EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE

TO INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN

(IN THE PROVINCES OF UIGE, ZAIRE & )

June - December 2000

UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

July 2000 For additional copies, please contact:

UNHCR Donor Relations & Resource Mobilisation Service 94, rue de Montbrillant CH-1202 Geneva

Tel.: (41 22) 739 7730 Fax.: (41 22) 739 7351 Email.: buss @unhcr.ch TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. BACKGROUND / INTRODUCTION 1

2. OBJECTIVES 3 2.1. Principal goals 2.2. Assumptions, Constraints and Opportunities 4

3. BENEFICIARIES 5

4. THE ROLE OF UNHCR, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER AGENCIES IN ANGOLA 5 4.1. The role of UNHCR and the Government 4.2. Collaboration with UN agencies, ICRC and NGOs 6

5. MANAGEMENT AND OVERALL CO-ORDINATION 7

6. OPERATIONAL STRATEGY 8 6.1. Protection goals and strategy 6.2. Material assistance goals and strategy 6.3. Implementation strategy 9

7. ACTIVITIES AND ASSISTANCE 9 7.1. Protection, Monitoring and Co-ordination 7.2. Legal Assistance / Protection 10

8. FUNDING 13

9. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS / BUDGET 14

10. MAP 15 1. BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION

Following the collapse of the Lusaka Peace process in mid-1998, Angola descended once again into widespread armed conflict between the Government and UNITA. By the end of 1999, some 3.7 million Angolans (one third of a national population of 12.6 million), of whom 1.5 were internally displaced persons, were verified to be in need of humanitarian assistance. Massed in congested camp-like conditions and ravaged by disease and hunger, Angola’s displaced people in particular have become the victims of some of the most appalling, life-threatening conditions witnessed anywhere in the world today.

International attention on the plight of the Angolan displaced persons peaked in January 2000 when the Special Session on Africa of the UN Security Council called for stronger and more effective humanitarian measures. Among others, the involvement of UNHCR in addressing the plight of the IDPs was specifically raised. The Angolan Government itself also requested to UNHCR to assist the internally displaced persons.

Following consultations within the UN system, the UN Emergency Relief co-ordinator, a.i., led an inter-agency mission on IDPs to Angola in March 2000. The mission included senior representatives of UNHCR, UNICEF and WFP. Among others, the mission underlined the urgency of enhancing various aspects of the humanitarian assistance being provided to the IDPs in Angola, recommended strengthening the co-ordination of the UN’s humanitarian response under the UN Resident/Humanitarian Co-ordinator, and encouraged UNHCR to become actively involved in Angola within this collaborative approach.

In light of the humanitarian crisis and UNHCR’s specific expertise in the protection and assistance of (internally) displaced persons, the High Commissioner affirmed UNHCR’s commitment to engage in the operation. UNHCR’s involvement with IDPs in Angola meets a number of criteria set out in its global policy on internally displaced persons. Firstly, the Government of Angola requested this involvement. Secondly, the UN Secretary-General has endorsed the involvement as part of the UN system-wide initiative. Thirdly, the IDPs are in a refugee-like situation. Finally, there are clear linkages between the internal displacement in Angola and the Angolan refugee problem in the neighbouring countries. The IDPs have been forced to flee their homes for the same reasons as refugees and form part of the same population that has been driven into exile. Both groups originate from and will eventually return to the same areas.

UNHCR’s decision to be involved was taken with full cognisance of the constraints regarding access and security, availability of resources and, most importantly, prospects for durable solutions. In addition, account was taken of the complementary roles and activities of other actors, including, in particular, UN sister agencies, ICRC, other international organisations and NGOs. In view of all these factors, the High Commissioner decided that UNHCR’s involvement with IDPs in Angola should be of a limited nature and related to its specific humanitarian and protection expertise.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 1 In April 2000, the High Commissioner deployed to Angola a Rapid Assessment Mission to carry out an in-depth assessment of the needs and to define more clearly the geographic and operational scope of UNHCR’s involvement. The mission recommended that UNHCR should focus its activities on the provinces of Zaire and Uige and the location of Viana in the outskirts of Luanda.

These locations were selected for a number of reasons. There are clear links between UNHCR’s present and past activities for refugees and returnees and its involvement with IDPs. In Viana, the target IDP population lives side by side with Congolese refugees already receiving protection and assistance from UNHCR in the same location. In Zaire and Uige, until the outbreak of hostilities in June 1998 forced UNHCR to close down its field offices there, it was implementing activities in these areas for the reintegration of Angolan refugees returning from the neighbouring countries, most notably the Democratic Republic of Congo. In fact, many of those who are now internally displaced are former returnees. In addition, a number of refugees are still returning spontaneously to these areas and require assistance. These are also the areas to which large numbers of refugees are likely to return eventually from neighbouring countries, in which case UNHCR’s activities for the internally displaced will have helped to lay the foundation for the reintegration programme. Moreover, despite equally dire needs, the IDP populations here have received less attention and assistance than those in other places of Angola, and UNHCR’s operation would help to meet a gap in the international response.

The Rapid Assessment mission found that the IDPs in these areas faced serious protection and assistance problems. In a number of sites, they are living in over-crowded, inhuman conditions, without adequate food, essential medical care, water and sanitation. The mission recommended immediate emergency interventions to stabilise their situation in the first instance, to be followed by efforts to strengthen the capacity of the population and the local authorities to cope with the situation.

Following this mission, an Emergency Response Team was despatched to Angola to (a) initiate emergency interventions in the most critical sectors as recommended by the Rapid Assessment Mission; and (b) elaborate a project submission for UNHCR’s IDP operation in Angola with a view to mobilising resources. Initial funding of US$ 2 million was authorised from the Operational Reserve to carry out these activities, of which US$ 1.7 million was allocated for operational needs and US$ 300,000 for administrative requirements.

As of today, UNHCR has re-established its sub-office in Uige, and has signed nine letters of intent with NGO implementing partners to provide assistance in the areas of health, water/sanitation, education, social and community services. Non-food items and vehicles have been procured and are expected to arrive by August 2000. The opening of field offices in M’Banza Congo and Maquela Do Zombo is planned, although this will depend on the availability of funds in both cases, and, in the case of the latter location, improvements in security as well.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 2 2. OBJECTIVES

2.1. Principal goals

The principal goals of UNHCR’s operation on behalf of IDPs in Angola are to: a) Address immediate and acute protection and assistance needs of the targeted IDP populations in the provinces of Uige, Zaire and Luanda; and b) Follow the emergency response with carefully designed protection and assistance activities to promote some degree of self-reliance among the beneficiary population. The purpose is to build local coping mechanisms to help the communities avoid slipping back into a crisis situation when UNHCR phases out.

In addition to its own activities, UNHCR will contribute to the overall efforts of the Government of Angola, UN agencies, ICRC and NGOs to improve respect for the basic rights and (meeting) humanitarian needs of the displaced persons as well as affected civilians. In particular, UNHCR will work with the other relevant agencies to promote the establishment and consistent application of internationally accepted standards for the treatment of IDPs throughout Angola.

The operation is designed for implementation over a period of 18 months, until the end of 2001. The primary focus of the first 6 to 12 months will be on life-saving needs. As these become addressed successfully, there will be a gradual shift to activities such as strengthening the local capacity, education, training, limited income-generation activities for women and distribution of seeds and tools to those with access to land to enable them to improve their food security. Obviously, depending on the situation, there are cases where it might be possible to pursue the two objectives simultaneously.

The second phase of the operation will be critical, not only to sustain the impact of the emergency response but also as a basis for UNHCR to phase out. As a solution-oriented organisation, UNHCR’s involvement cannot be an open-ended one. Yet, there are no clear prospects at the present moment for an immediate or lasting solution to the predicament of forced displacement in Angola. In these circumstances, well-planned, short-term activities to enhance protection and assistance by building the capacity of the NG0s, displaced and affected population themselves is the most feasible approach to an exit strategy.

The attainment of these objectives will provide the basis for UNHCR’s phasing out. On the other hand, should the political and security conditions improve during the operational time-frame, UNHCR will be prepared to explore possibilities to expand the geographical and substantive scope of its programme, with a view to promoting appropriate solutions for the displaced population as well as the re-integration of returning refugees. In that eventuality, the operational plan would have to be revised, or indeed, reformulated entirely.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 3 2.2. Assumptions, constraints and opportunities

As explained already, the on-going conflict, insecurity and limited access have played an important role in the elaboration of what is a limited UNHCR IDP operation in Angola. Humanitarian agencies are able to gain access to and operate in Government-controlled areas only. The areas designated for UNHCR’s intervention in Viana (Luanda) and Uige have always remained under control, while the municipalities in M’Banza Congo and Maquela Do Zombo were taken from UNITA and brought under Government control some months ago. UNHCR’s operation is based on the assumption that the authorities will continue to provide access and acceptable security. While periodic attacks by UNITA on towns result in the temporary shrinkage of the security perimeter until the danger has passed, access at other times can provide UNHCR with a limited window of opportunity to meet the critical needs of the internally displaced in these areas. This is not in any way to diminish the gravity of the constraints confronting this operation but to recognise that operating on behalf of IDPs in an on-going conflict situation is always hazardous, and that the other agencies also face the difficulties confronting UNHCR.

Military attacks, the bad state of the roads and land mines require agencies to rely on virtually only air transport to move staff and relief goods. However, many airstrips are closed for weeks due to over-use and poor maintenance, thus delaying the delivery of assistance.

Logistic and other security factors also add to the difficulties and costs of the operation. The availability of funds is another major constraint. With most of the initial US$ 2 million allocated from the Operational Reserve now spent, any further activities will be possible only with fresh contributions. Should the security situation deteriorate and affect UNHCR’s ability to operate, it will also impact upon donor willingness to fund the operation.

A worsening security situation could seriously disrupt humanitarian operations across several sectors. It should be recognised, therefore, that this programme is very likely to face disruptions because of cycles of expansion and contraction resulting from security and resource constraints. On the other hand, it should also be recognised that notwithstanding the constraints, there exists an opportunity for UNHCR to make a difference in a humanitarian crisis which has engaged the attention of the international community, and in which all major humanitarian organisations are participating. Furthermore, it is important to keep in mind the possible repatriation of some 369,000 Angolan refugees from neighbouring countries if conditions improve. UNHCR’s involvement with IDPs provides an early opportunity to lay some groundwork in anticipation of that movement.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 4 3. BENEFICIARIES

The target population of UNHCR’s programme in 2000 is some 300,000 IDPs currently living in the provinces of Zaire and Uige and the location of Viana outside Luanda. Specifically, IDP populations targeted in the municipalities of M’Banza Congo, Maquela Do Zombo, Uige/ and Viana are reflected in the table below.

Angolan IDPs and Refugees: Target Beneficiaries and Areas of Focus

Area of Operation Refugees IDPs/Returnees Viana () 6,472 17,000 Mbanza Congo () - 47,000 Maquela Do Zombo - 21,000 Uige/Negage (Uige Province) - 172,000 Estimated Totals 6,472 257,000

The actual verified figure of internally displaced persons in these areas is 257,000 as indicated in the table. However, it has been adjusted upwards to 300,000 persons to take into account the fact that internally displaced persons are still arriving from the rural areas where fighting is taking place to the safety of the main towns. In addition, there are a growing number of refugees spontaneously returning from neighbouring countries e.g. the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The population to be assisted under UNHCR’s programme falls into two main categories: those settled among local host communities and those living in camps or transit centres. In M’Banza Congo, the majority of IDPs (who are from Kalambata, Madimba, Bembe, and Maquela) are living among the resident population. Relatively fewer numbers are quartered in two IDP camps – M’Banza Mazina (some 7 kms east of M’Banza Congo) and N’Zolani (3 kms south of the city centre of the former GTZ transit centre). In Maquela Do Zombo, the IDPs are primarily returning original residents of the municipality. The population in Maquela Do Zombo also includes returnees from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The IDPs in Uige/Negage are predominantly from the Bacongo, Kimbundu and Ovimbundu tribes seeking safety from throughout the province and Kwanza Norte. Most of these IDPs live among the local/host communities while a few are in camps. The IDPs in Viana are a “mixed bag” of those who have been displaced several times and newly displaced persons. Most are from the . Another 2,000 IDPs are accommodated in a transit centre near the Viana camp.

4. THE ROLE OF UNHCR, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER AGENCIES IN ANGOLA

4.1. The role of UNHCR and the Governement

The Government of Angola has the primary responsibility for ensuring the fundamental human rights of its population, including the internally displaced. It has so far demonstrated its commitment in this respect by inviting the UN system, including

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 5 UNHCR, to engage in providing humanitarian assistance and by establishing structures and mechanisms for co-ordinating the overall effort at Government level. It has also allocated funds from its own budget for providing assistance to the IDPs, an amount indicated to be US$ 450 million for the 1999/2000 period.

These efforts are important, but it is evident that even stronger commitment will be necessary from the Government, particularly in the area of protection. International support, including that of UNHCR, will be easier to sustain if problematic issues such as the relocation of the internally displaced are addressed in accordance with international principles and standards. Co-operation and support of the Government on the question of security will also be critical. Furthermore, UNHCR must be able to rely on the Government to facilitate its operational activities by simplifying, for instance, customs procedures for the importation of humanitarian goods, immigration formalities for UNHCR and implementing partner staff, and so on.

UNHCR will continue to encourage the UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator to conclude, and as appropriate will itself contribute to, an agreement with the Government of Angola on the global standards for providing protection and assistance to the war-affected and displaced population. For its part, UNHCR will ensure that its project agreements with the Government are based on and reflect internationally recognised standards for protection and assistance to internally displaced persons.

The complex and entrenched nature of the problem, and especially the continuation of the Angolan civil war, means that decisive political initiatives will be necessary to resolve the conflict and the consequent problem of refugees and the internally displaced. It is worth recalling that in addition to its programme for the internally displaced persons, UNHCR is assisting some 300,000 Angolan refugees in neighbouring countries. Mobilising resources for these efforts will be difficult at a time when new and equally urgent needs are emerging elsewhere on the African continent. Stronger evidence of resolves on the part of the Angolan authorities to address the problem would help.

4.2. Collaboration with UN agencies, ICRC and NGOs

Following the inter-agency mission of March, a co-ordinated and collaborative approach by all concerned agencies was confirmed as the most viable way to address the humanitarian needs of the internally displaced. UNHCR is committed to working with other international organisations, within and outside the UN System. Its activities in the three defined provinces are situated within the framework of the UN collaborative approach and are being closely co-ordinated with, and complement those of other actors present in these areas. Consultations were undertaken with relevant UN agencies, ICRC, and NGOs to identify areas of complementarity for the purposes of preparing UNHCR’s Operations Plan. Regular consultations and co-ordination will continue in the implementation of the operation itself, and in the context of UNHCR’s phase-out. A summary of UNHCR’s IDP operational plan is being included in the Angola CHAP mid- term now being finalised.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 6 At the national level, UNHCR participates in working groups that are chaired jointly by the Angolan Ministry for Social Welfare and Rehabilitation and the UN Resident/Humanitarian Co-ordinator and that have been established for the preparation of a national plan of action covering protection and education, shelter and infrastructure, health and nutrition, water, sanitation, land mines action and agency support. These working groups provide the opportunity for co-ordination among the UN agencies and with the Government.

UNHCR has indicated that its protection and humanitarian expertise is available to support the UN system’s overall response and to maximise its impact countrywide. Such expertise is of particular relevance in the development of common guidelines on protection-related issues, such as relocation, training and capacity-building activities. UNHCR will continue to contribute actively through the working groups and other consultative fora in developing and harmonising approaches.

At the field level, UNHCR’s Operations Plan enhances collaboration and complementarity by using NGO implementing partners who are already operational in the targeted areas of UNHCR’s intervention and by assisting them to address gaps in their areas/sectors of operation.

5. MANAGEMENT AND OVERALL CO-ORDINATION

Given that Angola is one of the most expensive countries in which to operate, particular care is being taken to ensure that the UNHCR operation is carried out in the most cost- effective manner.

First of all, UNHCR avoided establishing an entirely separate management and staffing structure for the operation. The Branch Office for Angola will assume country level responsibility for implementation of the operation. Its capacity will be reinforced to enable it to carry out effectively the additional responsibilities. The functions of existing Branch Office Angola staff have been reviewed and adjusted accordingly so as to involve all of them in responsibilities relating to the implementation of the IDP programme. The additional staffing requirements are therefore the minimum required to carry out the programme. A staffing structure that could have been considerably more vast has been avoided as a result of this approach.

The staff foreseen for the programme, both in 2000 when staffing requirements will be met through missions and in 2001 for when post creations have been requested, represent the minimum necessary to run the operation effectively. It is a staff-intensive operation by definition, because UNHCR staff must be directly involved in various aspects of the programme, especially in the area of protection, needs assessment, and also because logistical difficulties make it difficult to share staff resources easily. As far as possible, local staff and NGO implementing partners already on the ground are being used to reduce costs.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 7 This is a complex operation for UNHCR and one that will set important precedents. For this reason, the Regional Directorate will closely support the operation. As required and available, staff from the Directorate will be deployed on a mission basis to support the operation. To ensure close involvement of the Directorate in guidance, systematic methods of maintaining contact and reporting will be established. The operation is also designed on the basis that the relevant key Headquarters services, particularly the Africa Bureau, the Department of International Protection, the Division of Communication and Information and the Division of Operational Support will be able to provide all the relevant policy guidance, functional and resource inputs and support in a timely and systematic manner.

6. OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

6.1. Protection Goals and Strategy

Against this background, UNHCR has developed a multi-dimensional protection regime in the following manner:

· First and foremost, as the agency with a specific protection mandate and expertise, UNHCR’s overall operation is guided by its goal to promote the protection of the IDP population. Therefore, all life sustaining assistance and basic services will be provided in manners, and with a view, to enhancing the safety, security and basic rights of the displaced persons. · UNHCR will undertake a number of discreet, operational activities to directly address protection concerns affecting IDPs in its areas of operations, particularly in terms of physical security, freedom from unjustifiable and forcible resettlement, addressing abuse of women, children, adolescents and elderly, and promoting family reunification. · In an effort to reinforce the primary responsibility of the national authorities to protect their own population, UNHCR will assist the Government to develop its capacity to respond to the protection needs of the IDPs. · Within the framework of the UN’s collaborative approach to IDPs, co-ordinated by the Resident/Humanitarian Co-ordinator, and in co-operation with other relevant international and non-governmental organisations, UNHCR will contribute to the development of national standards and mechanisms for addressing the protection issues relating to IDPs.

6.2. Material Assistance Goals and Strategy

The assistance interventions of the UNHCR programme have the same essential purposes as the overall protection goals to ensure that assistance will seek to enhance the basic rights and dignity of the displaced persons. Accordingly, the assistance interventions have been designed in such a way as to:

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 8 · Restore the fundamental rights and dignity of the IDPs by improving their access to, and where none exist provide them with, basic health care, water and sanitation, shelter, education, clothing and essential household materials. · Help the IDPs to gain some degree of self-reliance by providing those having access to land with farm implements and seeds to enable them to cultivate; and urban-based IDPs (especially female-headed households) with income-generating assistance to enable them to engage in some form of trade or other economic activity.

6.3. Implementation Strategy

To achieve the above goals, a three-pronged strategy has been developed:

· To identify NGOs already operational in the areas/sectors UNHCR plans to intervene, jointly assess the “gaps” in the implementation of their activities and identify areas where UNHCR can inject some funds to improve/expand their activities. · To collaborate with other relevant UN Sister agencies including WFP, UNICEF, UNESCO, UNFPA, WHO, UNDP, who also happen to be funding some of the activities of the already present NGOs, to ensure that there is a common understanding of the immediate and long-term needs of the IDPs, share information about their respective areas of intervention/projects, their funding to avoid duplication, and ensure complementarity in the provision of material assistance to the IDPs. · To adopt a community-based approach in the implementation of the assistance programme. Such an approach is both cost-effective and will allow the coping mechanisms of the internally displaced persons to be strengthened through necessary inputs, training and guidance to enable them to address their own needs in areas such as shelter, water/sanitation, education, agriculture, income-generation and community services. The community-based approach will include the war-affected civilians among the host community where they share similar needs, and are living together in the same location.

7. ACTIVITIES AND ASSISTANCE

7.1. Protection, Monitoring and Co-ordination (US$ 978,355)

In relations with the authorities, UNHCR will engage with the local, provincial and national authorities, in particular the police, military, Attorney-General’s Office, municipal authorities and provincial governors, to obtain their commitment to assess and redress protection problems. Training and capacity-building activities will be undertaken where appropriate to enhance their awareness of the problems and their ability to respond.

· UNHCR maintains two offices in Angola, including the Branch Office in Luanda and a newly established Sub-Office in Uige staffed by Emergency Response Team (ERT) staff. UNHCR plans to extend its presence to M’Banza Congo and Maquela Do Zombo in the course of the year, funding and security factors allowing.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 9 · UNHCR aims to provide international protection, to collect and analyse systematically information on the protection problems faced by the displaced population, and to follow it with sustained intervention with the authorities at the local, provincial and national levels with a view to resolving them. Guidelines and checklists are being prepared. NGOs and mechanisms such as community-based protection committees will also be used to gather information. Training will be provided on protection issues to these groups on rights awareness. · UNHCR staff will concentrate most particularly on needs assessment, planning, oversight, monitoring implementation of its strategy and resource mobilisation. Direct implementation of the programmed activities will be carried out by implementing partners, and by the IDP communities themselves. · The UN response to IDPs in Angola provides a unique opportunity to test the potential for collaboration among international organisations and NGOs on protection issues. The support and co-operation of the UN system in Angola, will be indispensable to UNHCR’s efforts, particularly in terms of obtaining the Government’s protection expertise and the lessons learned from its activities in the context of its own operations can be a useful resource to the UN system. In this spirit of mutual support and collaboration, UNHCR will continue to contribute to the inter- agency efforts to strengthen information sharing, develop common guidelines and harmonise approaches in relevant areas.

7.2. Legal Assistance/Protection (US$ 450,000)

Building on a programme established by UNICEF countrywide, UNHCR will undertake efforts, in co-operation with the authorities, to register and Document IDPs in its area of operations. The objective of the registration exercise will be to allow proper follow-up of protection problems, such as family reunification. Legal protection activities will also focus on issues relating to property rights and restitution, when relevant.

Protection

As far as protection is concerned, the operation is designed to address the human dignity rights of the IDPs; assure the relevant standards of treatment; focus particularly on rights of movement and residence; deal with specific problems of physical safety and legal protection. The most important of the problems to be addressed include:

· Congestion and inhumane conditions in IDP camps and locations · Specific protection requirements of women, adolescents and children · Family separation and unaccompanied minors · Other vulnerable groups (including the elderly, disabled) · Incidents of political harassment · Forcible conscription · Forced displacements, round-ups, relocation or return and denial of freedom of movement · Threats to physical safety · Property rights

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 10 · Registration and documentation

Shelter: (US$ 411,875)

In the displaced camps of Uige, Negage, M’Banza Congo, and Viana, families are living in unventilated and disintegrating tents, or in warehouses. Many self-constructed shelters have poor roofing due to limited resources. At present, no large-scale shelter programme exists in these camps. Efforts are underway, to resettle/relocate the IDPs from congested warehouses in Viana, Uige and Negage to permanent sites where opportunities for engaging in farming exist. The settlement sites initiated and organised in Uige and Negage to relocate the IDPs will be reorganised in order to provide a comprehensive multi-sectoral assistance. Similar relocation/settlement exercise of IDPs in M’Banza Congo and Viana initiated by the Government will be supported in line with acceptable standards and principles.

Non-Food Items (NFIs): (US$ 691,422)

Although some of the IDPs received non-food items from NGOs in 1999 and early 2000, distribution was uneven with regard to the type of items, locations and periods during which new IDPs arrived. The distribution of NFI by UNHCR will be done in phases; the first phase will target the most vulnerable groups (elderly, handicapped, unaccompanied minors) and new arrivals.

Health/Nutrition: (US$ 815,100)

The maternal and child mortality rates in Angola are considered to be the highest in Africa. The most recent epidemiological indices show an estimated under-five mortality rate of 274 per 1000 live births and maternal mortality rate of 1200 – 1500 per 100,000 live births. Internally displaced females are at high risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes due to a lack of access to health care services, and only 19 percent of women benefit from assisted deliveries country-wide, and even less in the northern provinces. The leading causes of mortality and morbidity among IDPs in Uige, M’Banza Congo and Maquela Do Zombo are malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections and tuberculosis. The severe overcrowding, poor or non-existent sanitation facilities coupled with an inadequate supply of potable water in transit centres constitute an acute risk of infection and spread of diseases.

Malnutrition is a significant public health problem among the IDPs, and this directly contributes to the high mortality and morbidity observed by international agencies. Recent official nutrition surveys revealed that global malnutrition rates vary from 6.03 to 13.8 percent, and severe malnutrition rates vary from 0.9 to 2.9 percent. Malnutrition rates tend to be even higher among populations in camps and transit centres, and both in Uige and M’Banza Congo the UNHCR rapid assessment team observed cases of Kwashiorkor among the children.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 11 Water/Sanitation: (US$ 710,040)

Agencies estimate that less than 25% of the population has access to safe water and 40% to adequate sanitation. The water quality and distribution is problematic for all displaced populations in Zaire and Uige provinces, either because wells are contaminated or water points are only reachable by walking long distances or on safe roads. Water distribution points are few or non-existent in most camps and transit centres in the provinces.

The high level of morbidity due to water-borne/water-related diseases among the IDPs indicates that the water problem is serious, and requires emergency interventions. In camps and settlements, latrines are limited, inadequate or non-existent. Although many adults practice disciplined defecation, in the majority of the areas, children defecate within camps. Latrine construction and hygiene awareness are a priority.

Education: (US$ 437,205)

It is estimated that overall, less than 50% of the school age displaced children attend classes, with the percentage of girls lower than boys. Although UNICEF in collaboration with other NGOs have made some advances in this sector, much remains to be done in the specific areas UNHCR is intervening to increase the level of enrolment and also to upgrade the destroyed infrastructure. Establishment of pre-school centres also needs to be undertaken and existing ones strengthened.

Community Services (US$ 311,020)

Targeted assistance to extremely vulnerable groups such as unaccompanied minors, female-headed households, the disabled and the elderly is urgently required. The provision of material assistance to the IDPs will be implemented using a community- based approach for all the sectors of intervention. The beneficiaries’ “ownership” of the project will thus be established from the very beginning of the implementation phase.

Crop Production (US$ 597,450)

The Angola Government has promised to make land available to IDPs and returnees for agricultural purposes. The assistance in this sector will engage IDPs in farming to partially fulfil their food needs and attain some degree of self-sufficiency.

Income Generation (US$ 45,000)

Through this assistance, UNHCR expects to improve the family income of targeted IDP families.

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 12 Transportation/Logistics (US$ 1,671,700)

Due to poor and insecure land transportation facilities throughout the country, UNHCR must make adequate budgetary provisions to cover air transport of assistance items and other internationally procured goods.

Although some of the IDPs received non-food items from NGOs in 1999 and early 2000 distribution was uneven with regard to the type of items, locations and periods during which new IDPs arrived. The distribution of NFI by UNHCR will be done in phases; the first phase will target the most vulnerable groups (elderly, handicapped, unaccompanied minors) and new arrivals. This situation can be addressed if adequate funds are available to transport them to the populations in need.

Operational Support (to Implementing Agencies) (US$ 436,040)

The funds will be used to provide the necessary administration and operational support to all the implementing agencies of the programme. In the country, the agencies will set up a weekly 30 minute radio programme where UNHCR, Government authorities, implementing partners and beneficiaries can discuss current relevant issues of the programme aimed at protection of individual rights.

Administrative/Staffing requirements (US$ 872,485)

Every effort will be made to address the needs in the most cost-effective and affordable manner in Angola, one of the most expensive countries in which to operate. The approach is for the Branch Office for Angola to assume country level responsibility to implement the operation, with support as necessary from the Regional Directorate and guidance from Headquarters. However, it is a staff intensive operation by nature.

Additional staffing will be required to ensure UNHCR field monitoring of programme and protection activities. The Liaison Unit at Headquarters also needs additional capacity to cope with the workload. A significant amount of the budget will be allocated for transport and communications, which are likely to increase due to long distances between the project sites and the Branch Office in Luanda.

8. FUNDING

This Appeal outlines a programme under which UNHCR will provide protection and assistance to some 300,000 internally displaced persons in three provinces in Angola in. It concentrates on securing the basic rights of IDPs (Protection) and meeting essential material needs in the sectors of shelter, health, sanitation and essential community services and UNHCR Administrative costs. Our role in 2001 will depend not only on the response to this appeal but also on the availability of funds as well as continued access and security in the area of operation .

______UNHCR SPECIAL APPEAL FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA 13 The budget for 2000 is US$ 8,427,692 and covers the period of 1 June to 31 December 2000.

Angola IDP Operation US$ 7,555,207 Headquarters prog. Supp. US$ 872,485 Grand Total US$ 8,427,692

Pending donor response to this appeal document, UNHCR’s operational reserve has made available an amount of US$ 2,000,000 to cover initial expenses, the allocated funds will have to be replenished with donor contributions.

9. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS/BUDGET

SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAMME FOR IDPs IN ANGOLA Proposed Project Budget Table 01/06/2000 to 31/12/2000 SECTOR BUDGET IN US$

Protection, Monitoring, Co-ordination 978,355 Legal Assistance/Protection 450,000 Domestic Needs/Household Sup. 691,422 Water (non-agricultural) 563,200 Sanitation 146,840 Health Nutrition 815,100 Shelter/Other Infrastructure 411,875 Community Services 311,020 Education 437,205 Crop Production 597,450 Income Generation 45,000 Transport/Logistics 1,671,700 Agency Op. Support 436,040 Total Operations 7,555,207 Programme Support (PS) 872,485 GRAND TOTAL 8,427,692

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