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HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA - Programa 2015 1 HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA - Programa 2015 Profesor Adjunto a cargo de la cátedra: Dr. Daniel F. Gaido Profesores Asistentes: Dr. Carlos Mignon y Lic. Jorge Santarrosa PRESENTACIÓN: En el marco del curso se estudiará la historia de Europa en los siglos XIX y XX tomando como eje el desarrollo del capitalismo, centrándose en las luchas de clases que el capitalismo genera y que constituyen la base de su historia política. Por tal motivo se pondrá énfasis en el análisis de los procesos revolucionarios, donde tales luchas, usualmente soterradas, se manifiestan con claridad. El curso abordará temas tales como el ciclo de las revoluciones burguesas, la formación de los estados nacionales, el ascenso de la democracia parlamentaria, el desarrollo del movimiento obrero, las ideologías de izquierda (anarquismo, socialismo y comunismo), el surgimiento del imperialismo moderno, la revolución rusa y el estalinismo, fascismo y nazismo, las dos guerras mundiales, el Holocausto judío, la descolonización de posguerra, el colapso de la Unión Soviética y la formación y crisis de la Unión Europea. OBJETIVOS: Desarrollar una aproximación teórica al proceso de desarrollo capitalista, analizando las transformaciones políticas ocurridas en Europa como resultado de dicho proceso. Investigar los orígenes del imperialismo moderno y sus transformaciones como resultado de los procesos de descolonización después de la segunda guerra mundial. Analizar el origen histórico de las principales corrientes políticas alternativas al capitalismo, como anarquismo, socialismo y comunismo. METODOLOGÍA Y FORMA DE EVALUACIÓN: Clases teóricas: Clases frontales con una exposición sintética de temas centrales mediante el análisis de casos representativos. La asistencia a las clases teóricas no es obligatoria. El listado de las clases teóricas aparece en números arábigos en el cronograma. Trabajos prácticos: Los trabajos prácticos están orientados a profundizar el análisis de temas específicos contenidos en el programa de la materia. La asistencia es obligatoria y los alumnos cursantes serán evaluados. Se dictarán 5 trabajos prácticos en el transcurso del semestre, listados en números romanos en el cronograma. Bibliografía: Las lecturas de los trabajos prácticos son al mismo tiempo lecturas obligatorias para el examen final, junto a la bibliografía obligatoria. La bibliografía desarrollada en las unidades teóricas del programa será exigida en tanto marco general de los temas abordados. Evaluación: Las evaluaciones para los alumnos regulares consistirán en dos parciales escritos, pudiendo ser recuperado uno. Para lograr la regularidad de la materia será necesario haber aprobado los dos exámenes parciales con nota de 4 (cuatro) o más puntos. Para promocionar es 2 necesario aprobar los dos exámenes parciales con nota mínima de 6 (seis) y un promedio entre ambos de 7 (siete). Para mantener la regularidad en la materia el alumno deberá aprobar 4 de los 5 prácticos ofrecidos. Podrán ser recuperados dos de los mismos. Los alumnos que promocionen la materia deberán presentarse a un examen oral final, en el que expondrán un tema de su elección relacionado con la materia. La cantidad máxima de alumnos por comisión de prácticos será de 15 estudiantes. Habrá comisiones de Trabajos Prácticos en los diferentes turnos, mañana y tarde. Horarios de clase: Martes y Jueves de 18 a 20 hs. Horarios de consulta: Martes y Jueves de 17 a 18 hs. BIBLIOGRAFÍA OBLIGATORIA: Apunte para los prácticos: Práctico I: La primavera de los pueblos en Francia: - Fernando Claudín, Marx y Engels y la revolución de 1848, México: Siglo XXI, 1975, pp. 8-11. - Karl Marx, La lucha de clases en Francia de 1848 a 1850, en Karl Marx y Friedrich Engels, Las revoluciones de 1848, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2006, pp. 519-654. Documento: Auguste Blanqui: Aviso al pueblo (25 febrero 1851) Documento: Reglamento de la Sociedad universal de los comunistas revolucionarios (abril 1859) Práctico II: La revolución rusa y el ascenso de Stalin: - León Trotsky, “Las características del desarrollo de Rusia”, en Trotsky, Historia de la revolución rusa, Buenos Aires: Editorial Antídoto, 2006, Tomo I, Capítulo 1, pp. 15-22. Documento: Orden Nº 1 del Soviet a la guarnición del distrito de Petrogrado (1 [14] marzo 1917) Documento: Lenin: Las tesis de abril (4 [17] de abril de 1917) - Pierre Broué, El Partido Bolchevique, Madrid: Editorial Ayuso, 1973, Capítulos I-III. Documento: Lenin: Decreto sobre la paz (9 noviembre 1917) Documento: Declaración de derechos del pueblo trabajador y explotado (4 [17] de enero 1918) 3 - Paul Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, Buenos Aires: Anarres, 2008, pp. 9-90 y 133-230. Presten atención a la Resolución del buque Petropavlovsk (28 de febrero 1921), en pp. 73-75. Documento: El testamento político de Lenin (22 de diciembre 1922 - 4 de enero 1923) - E.H. Carr, La Revolución Rusa: de Lenin a Stalin, 1917-1929 (resumen de cátedra) Práctico III: El ascenso del nazismo en Alemania (1933) - Richard Evans, “Ascenso y triunfo del nazismo en Alemania” en Mercedes Cabrera et al., Europa en crisis, 1919-1939, Madrid: Fundación Pablo Iglesias, 1991, pp. 97-118. - Sergio Bologna, Nazismo y clase obrera (1933-1993), Madrid: Akal, 1999, pp. 63-107. Documento: León Trotsky, “¿Y ahora? - Problemas vitales del proletariado alemán” (25 enero 1932), en Trotsky, La lucha contra el Fascismo en Alemania, Madrid: Fundación Federico Engels, 2004, pp. 119-224. Documento: Adolf Hitler y Anton Drexler: Los 25 puntos del NSDAP: Programa del Partido Nacional Socialista Obrero Alemán (24 febrero 1920) Práctico IV: La segunda república española, el frente popular y la guerra civil (1936-9) - Antony Beevor, La guerra civil española, Barcelona: Crítica, 2005, caps. 1 a 22. - Cronología en Trotsky, Rous y Casanova, A 70 años de la guerra civil Documento: Carta de Stalin a Largo Caballero (21 de diciembre de 1936) y Respuesta de Largo Caballero a Stalin (12 de enero de 1937) Documento: León Trotsky, "Lección de España: Última advertencia" (17 de diciembre de 1937), en León Trotsky, La revolución española, 1930-1940, edición, prólogo y notas de Pierre Broué, Barcelona: Editorial Fontanella, 1977, Vol. II, pp. 207-239. Práctico V: El stalinismo de posguerra - Fernando Claudín, La crisis del movimiento comunista. Vol. II. El apogeo del estalinismo, Paris: Ruedo Iberico, 1978, capítulos 1, 2 y 3. - Fernando Claudín, La oposición en el "socialismo real": Unión Soviética, Hungría, Checoslovaquia, Polonia: 1953-1980, Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1981, pp. 1-291. - Documento: Los 9 puntos del Parlamento de Consejos Obreros de toda Budapest (31 de octubre de 1956), Sándor Kopácsi, En nombre de la clase obrera: La revolución narrada por uno de uno protagonistas, Barcelona: El Viejo Topo, 2005, pp. 385-6. 4 Apunte adicional para los parciales: El primer parcial incluye el material de los tres primeros prácticos y los siguientes ítems: La revolución francesa Albert Soboul, La revolucion francesa, Madrid: Ediciones Orbis, 1986. Documento: Decreto de la Asamblea Nacional sobre la abolición del régimen feudal (4 de agosto de 1789) Documento: Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano (26 de agosto de 1789) La revolución alemana Pierre Broué, Revolución en Alemania, Barcelona: A. Redondo, 1973. El segundo parcial incluye el material de los dos últimos prácticos y los siguientes ítems: El nazismo alemán y el Holocausto judío: David Engel, El Holocausto, el Tercer Reich y los judíos, Buenos Aires: Nueva Visión, 2006. Documento: Las leyes de Núremberg (15 setiembre 1935) La partición y reunificación de Alemania - Mary Fulbrook, Historia de Alemania, Madrid: Akal, 2009, Capítulo 7: “Las dos Alemanias, 1945-1990”, pp. 285-357. El neoliberalismo - Perry Anderson, “Neoliberalismo: Un balance provisorio,” en Sader y Gentili (ed.), La trama del neoliberalismo: Mercado, crisis y exclusión social, 2ª ed., Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2003, pp. 25-37. La Unión Europea - Perry Anderson, “Resultados” (2007), El Nuevo Viejo Mundo, Madrid: Akal, 2012, pp. 61-92. CLASES Y BIBLIOGRAFÍA AMPLIADA: 1. La revolución francesa, de los Estados Generales a Termidor Albert Soboul, La revolucion francesa, Madrid: Ediciones Orbis, 1986. 5 Peter McPhee, La revolución francesa, 1789-1799, Barcelona: Crítica, 2007. Daniel Guérin, La lucha de clases en el apogeo de la Revolución Francesa: 1793-1795, Madrid: Alianza, 1974. Georges Lefebvre, El gran pánico de 1789: La revolución francesa y los campesinos, Barcelona: Paidós, 1986. Graco Babeuf, El tribuno del pueblo, Buenos Aires: Razón y Revolución, 2008. 2. Napoleón Bonaparte, el primer imperio francés y la restauración George Rudé, La Europa revolucionaria, 1783-1815, Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1983. Evgenii Tarlé, Napoleón, Buenos Aires: Futuro, 1961. Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon, London: Routledge, 2011. John Rule, Clase obrera e industrialización: Historia social de la revolución industrial británica 1750-1850, Barcelona: Crítica, 1986. E. P. Thompson, La formación de la clase obrera en Inglaterra, Barcelona: Crítica, 1989. John Walton, Chartism, London: Routledge, 2001. 3. La monarquía de julio, la revolución de 1848 en Francia y la segunda república Jacques Droz, Europa: Restauración y Revolución 1815-1848, Siglo XXI, 1983. Fernando Claudín, Marx, Engels y la revolución de 1848, Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1985. Samuel Bernstein, Blanqui y el blanquismo, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1975. Armand Cuvillier, Proudhon, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986. Karl Marx, La lucha de clases en Francia de 1848 a 1850, Buenos Aires: Anteo, 1973. Karl Marx, El dieciocho
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