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Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera

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Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA : RHOPALOCERA) DI BLOK HUTAN KAIKALU KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM KAKENAUWE KABUPATEN BUTON SULAWESI TENGGARA FIRMAN SYAH PUTRA H411 12 314 DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2017 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA : RHOPALOCERA) DI BLOK HUTAN KAIKALU KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM KAKENAUWE KABUPATEN BUTON SULAWESI TENGGARA Skripsi Ini Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Akhir dan Melengkapi Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains pada Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Hasanuddin FIRMAN SYAH PUTRA H411 12 314 DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2017 ii iii KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu. Syukur alhamdulillah senantiasa penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Shala- wat dan salam semoga selalu tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga dan sahabatnya. Atas berkat izin, kasih sayang dan rahmat dari Allah SWT sehingga pe- nulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera) Di Blok Hutan Kaikalu Kawasan Cagar Alam Kakenauwe Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara” yang merupakan salah satu syarat untuk menye- lesaikan pendidikan di jenjang Strata Satu (S1) pada Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Penyusunan skripsi ini yang merupakan tugas akhir dapat terselesaikan berkat doa, bantuan, dan dorongan semangat dari berbagai pihak, terutama orang tua penulis, Ibunda Haya dan Ayahanda Nurbay, S. Pd. I yang telah mengasuh dan mendidik di sega- la hal, semoga Allah SWT, senantiasa menjaga dan melindunginya dimanapun berada. Saudara(i) ku beserta keluarga besarku, terima kasih atas segala doa dan dukungan, se- moga Allah SWT, senantiasa memberikan perlindungan dan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua. Terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kepada Ibu Dr. Syahribulan, M.Si dan Bapak Drs. Muh. Ruslan Umar, M.Si, selaku pembimbing yang telah meluangkan wak- tu, tenaga, pikiran dan dorongan moril, sehingga rangkaian penyusunan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Semoga Allah SWT, membalas kebaikan bapak dan ibu de- ngan balasan yang lebih baik, amin. iv Pada kesempatan ini, penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada berbagai pihak, yaitu : Rektor Universitas Hasanuddin, Prof. Dr. Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu, MA. beserta seluruh staf. Dekan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Hasanuddin, Bapak Dr. Eng. Amiruddin, S.Si, M.Si, beserta seluruh staf. Ketua Departemen Biologi FMIPA Unhas, Ibu Dr. Hj. Zohra Hasyim, M.Si beserta staf dosen dan pengawai. Tim penguji : Dr. Zaraswati Dwyana, M.Si., Dr. Syahribulan, M.Si., Dr. Hj. Zohra Hasyim, M.Si., Dr. Syafaraenan, M.Si., Drs. Muhammad Ruslan Umar, M.Si. dan Dr. Eddyman W. Ferial, M.Si. Penasehat Akademik (PA) penulis, Bapak Drs. Ambeng, M.Si. yang senantiasa mem- bimbing dan mengarahkan penulis dari awal hingga akhir masa studi. Pihak BKSDA Provinsi Sulawesi tenggara yang telah memberikan izin melakukan penelitian pada kawasan Cagar Alam Kakenauwe. Anggota tim sampling Marhuda dan Ardian Syah Putra yang telah membantu penulis saat melakukan pengambilan data dilapangan. Keluarga Mahasiswa FMIPA (KM FMIPA Unhas) terkhusus rekan MIPA angkatan 2012 yang menorehkan banyak momen dengan penulis selama masa studi. Himpunan Mahasiswa Biologi FMIPA Unhas (Himbio FMIPA Unhas) terkhusus re- kan Biofilia 2012 yang terus mensupport penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Wassalamu Alaikum Warahmatulahi Wabarakatu. Makassar, November 2017 Penulis v ABSTRAK Penelitian Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera) Di Blok Hutan Kaikalu Kawasan Cagar Alam Kakenauwe Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara, telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2017, bertujuan mengetahui tingkat ke- anekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu (Rhopalocera) di Kawasan Cagar Alam Kakenauwe, Kabupaten Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan, yang bersifat eksploratif deskriptif, menggunakan metode jelajah dan point sensus, dengan 3 stasiun. Jenis data dikumpulkan adalah jumlah spesies, jumlah individu perspesies, para- meter lingkungan, dan kondisi vegetasi. Sampling kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan teknik jaring ayun. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 41 spesies kupu-kupu yang tercakup ke dalam 5 familia. Nymphalidae merupakan familia yang relatif dominan dengan persentase 78,01%, kemudian Pieridae 11,63%, Papilionidae 7,79%, Lycaenidae 2,45%, dan teren- dah dari Hesperiidae hanya 0,11%. Jenis Cethosia myrina dan Troides hypolitus terma- suk yang dilindungi berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah No: 7/1999, yaitu, sedangkan Throides hypolitus termasuk kedalam Appendiks CITES II. Spesies yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah Ideopsis juventa dan Pareronia tritae sarasinorum. Berdasarkan kriteria penilaian indeks keanekaragaman Shannon Wiener (H’), diperoleh tingkat keanaekara- gaman jenis termasuk kriteria sedang, indeks keseragaman (E) termasuk kriteria stabil dan indeks dominansi Simpson (C) termasuk kriteria rendah. Disimpulkan bahwa kondisi komunitas kupu-kupu di Blok Hutan Kaikalu Kawasan Cagar Alam Kakenauwe Kabupaten Buton, relatif masih dalam keadaan stabil, dan tidak adanya spesies yang dominan. Kata kunci : Keanekaragaman, Kupu-Kupu, Cagar Alam Kakenauwe vi ABSTRACT Research Species Diversity of the Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) In Block Forest Kaikalu Region Nature Reserve Kakenauwe Buton in Southeast Sulawesi, has been carried out in June-July 2017, aims to determine the level of species diversity of butterflies (Rhopalocera) Region Nature Reserve Kakenauwe District Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. This type of research is a field research, explorative descriptive, using roaming and point census, with 3 stations. The type of data collected is the number of species, the number of individuals perspecies, environmental parameters, and the condition of the vegetation. Sampling is done with the butterfly nets swing technique. Results showed 41 species of butterflies are covered in 5 familia. Familia Nymphalidae a relatively dominant with the percentage of 78.01%, then 11.63% Pieridae, Papilionidae 7.79%, 2.45% Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae lowest of only 0.11%.type Cethosia myrina and Troides hypolitus including those protected by government regulation No. 7/1999, which, while Throides hypolitus included in CITES Appendix II. The species most often found is ideopsis juventa and Pareronia tritae sarasinorum.Based on the assessment criteria Shannon Wiener diversity index (H '), obtained the degree of diversity including the moderate criteria, uniformity index (E) including stable criteria and Simpson dominance index (C) including low criteria. It was concluded that the condition of butterfly community in Forest Block Kaikalu Nature Reserve Region Kakenauwe Buton, relatively still in a stable state, and the absence of a dominant species. Keywords: Biodiversity, Butterfly, Nature Reserve Kakenauwe vii DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1 I.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1 I.2. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 3 I.4. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ........................................................ 3 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 4 II.1. Deskripsi Umum Kupu-kupu (Rhopalocera) ............................... 4 II.2. Deskripsi Familia Kupu-kupu ....................................................... 5 II.3. Struktur Morfologi Tubuh Kupu-kupu ........................................ 8 II.4. Siklus Hidup Kupu-kupu ............................................................... 13 II.5. Habitat Kupu-kupu .......................................................................... 16 II.6. Peran dan Manfaat Kupu-kupu ..................................................... 17 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 18 III.1. Alat Dan Bahan .............................................................................. 18 III.2. Tahapan Penelitian ......................................................................... 18 a. Observasi Lapangan ................................................................. 18 b. Penentuan Lokasi dan Titik Sampling .................................... 18 viii c. Metode Penelitian dan Sampling .............................................
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