Short Summary of Conclusions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Short Summary of Conclusions 86TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 Brussels, 11 FEBRUARY 2019 SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS The SRG took the following decisions2 under Articles 4.1(a)(i) and 4.2(a) of Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97: 1) No opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations: Rationale for "no opinion": i) No trade anticipated: The species is not currently (or is only rarely) in trade, and no significant trade in relation to the conservation status of the species is anticipated; ii) Decision deferred: There are insufficient data on the species; iii) All applications to be referred to SRG: The species is not currently (or is only rarely) in trade, but significant trade in relation to the conservation status of the species could be anticipated. Hippopotamus amphibius Benin iii) (confirmed) Prunus africana Cameroon ii) (dry bark from Mt Oshie region) (confirmed) Guibourtia demeusei Cameroon iii) (for logs, sawn wood and veneer except from the forest management units FMU 09 019 and FMU 00 004; excluding finished musical instruments and re-exports from the EU) (confirmed) Stigmochelys pardalis Mozambique ii) (confirmed) Aquila verreauxii Tanzania iii) Gongylophis colubrinus Tanzania iii) (F, specimens >25 cm) Tridacna maxima Sudan iii) Panthera pardus Ethiopia ii) Cercocebus chrysogaster DRC iii) Cercopithecus hamlyni DRC iii) (confirmed) Cercopithecus lhoesti DRC iii) Cyclanorbis senegalensis Benin iii) 1 It is understood that the above opinions are also those of each Member State's Scientific Authority and will be reflected in any opinion given in relation to the application of Art. 4.1(a) and 4.2(a) of Regulation 338/97. These opinions will remain valid unless or until circumstances related to the trade or conservation status of the species change significantly. 2 Unless specifically stated otherwise, all decisions relate to wild specimens. Centrochelys sulcata Benin iii) (F, C) Varanus exanthematicus Ghana iii) (R, C, F) Cacatua alba Indonesia iii) (F, C) Varanus timorensis Indonesia iii) (F, C) Centrochelys sulcata Mali iii) (F, C, R) Oophaga pumilio Panama iii) Oophaga pumilio Nicaragua iii) Centrochelys sulcata Togo iii) (F, C) Hippocampus comes Viet Nam iii) (C) Centrochelys sulcata Ghana (F, C) iii) and R (confirmed) Ornithoptera aesacus Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Ornithoptera chimaera Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Ornithoptera goliath Indonesia ii) (R, F) (confirmed) Ornithoptera paradisea Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Ornithoptera priamus Indonesia ii) (R, F) (confirmed) Trogonoptera brookiana Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides criton Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides cuneifera Indonesia ii) (R, F) (confirmed) Troides dohertyi Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides haliphron Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides helena Indonesia ii) (W, R) (confirmed) Troides hypolitus Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides miranda Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides oblongomaculatus Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides plato Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides prattorum Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides riedeli Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) Troides vandepolli Indonesia ii) (R) (confirmed) 2) Positive opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations: Varanus salvator Malaysia (W) Prunus africana Cameroon (Applicable to dry bark exports from Mount Cameroon (quota of 130 000 kg) and Central Region (Mt Banda and Mt We) (quota of 157 780kg), subject to clear indication in the export permit of the origin) Gongylophis colubrinus Tanzania (F specimens <25cm) 3) Negative opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations: Prunus africana Cameroon (except where other opinions are in place ) (confirmed) Ornithoptera croesus Indonesia (confirmed) Geochelone elegans Jordan (All sources) Guibourtia demeusei Cameroon iii) (for logs, sawn wood and veneer from the forest management units FMU 09 019 and FMU 00 004) (confirmed) Nardostachys grandiflora Nepal (confirmed) 4) Positive opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations REMOVED: Arctocephalus pusillus Namibia Arctocephalus pusillus South Africa Bulnesia sarmientoi Paraguay Candoia carinata Solomon Islands Tupinambis teguixin Argentina Papio hamadryas Kenya Macrozamia miquelii Madagascar Corythaeola cristata Congo Musophaga violacea Guinea Lewisia cotyledon United States Stigmochelys pardalis Tanzania (F) 5) Negative opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations REMOVED: Prunus africana Cameroon (for quota of 150 000 kg of dry bark from the Northwest region) .
Recommended publications
  • 9 2013, No.1136
    2013, No.1136 8 LAMPIRAN I PERATURAN MENTERI PERDAGANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 50/M-DAG/PER/9/2013 TENTANG KETENTUAN EKSPOR TUMBUHAN ALAM DAN SATWA LIAR YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI UNDANG-UNDANG DAN TERMASUK DALAM DAFTAR CITES JENIS TUMBUHAN ALAM DAN SATWA LIAR YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI UNDANG-UNDANG DAN TERMASUK DALAM DAFTAR CITES No. Pos Tarif/HS Uraian Barang Appendix I. Binatang Hidup Lainnya. - Binatang Menyusui (Mamalia) ex. 0106.11.00.00 Primata dari jenis : - Macaca fascicularis - Macaca nemestrina ex. 0106.19.00.00 Binatang menyusui lain-lain dari jenis: - Pteropus alecto - Pteropus vampyrus ex. 0106.20.00.00 Binatang melata (termasuk ular dan penyu) dari jenis: · Ular (Snakes) - Apodora papuana / Liasis olivaceus papuanus - Candoia aspera - Candoia carinata - Leiopython albertisi - Liasis fuscus - Liasis macklotti macklotti - Morelia amethistina - Morelia boeleni - Morelia spilota variegata - Naja sputatrix - Ophiophagus hannah - Ptyas mucosus - Python curtus - Python brongersmai - Python breitensteini - Python reticulates www.djpp.kemenkumham.go.id 9 2013, No.1136 No. Pos Tarif/HS Uraian Barang · Biawak (Monitors) - Varanus beccari - Varanus doreanus - Varanus dumerili - Varanus jobiensis - Varanus rudicollis - Varanus salvadori - Varanus salvator · Kura-Kura (Turtles) - Amyda cartilaginea - Calllagur borneoensis - Carettochelys insculpta - Chelodina mccordi - Cuora amboinensis - Heosemys spinosa - Indotestudo forsteni - Leucocephalon (Geoemyda) yuwonoi - Malayemys subtrijuga - Manouria emys - Notochelys platynota - Pelochelys bibroni
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • Reptile Rap Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network ISSN 2230-7079 No.15 | January 2013 Date of Publication: 22 January 2013 1
    Reptile Rap Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network No.15 | January 2013 ISSN 2230-7079 Date of publication: 22 January 2013 1. Crocodile, 1. 2. Crocodile, Caiman, 3. Gharial, 4.Common Chameleon, 5. Chameleon, 9. Chameleon, Flap-necked 8. Chameleon Flying 7. Gecko, Dragon, Ptychozoon Chamaeleo sp. Fischer’s 10 dilepsis, 6. &11. Jackson’s Frill-necked 21. Stump-tailed Skink, 20. Gila Monster, Lizard, Green Iguana, 19. European Iguana, 18. Rhinoceros Antillean Basilisk, Iguana, 17. Lesser 16. Green 15. Common Lizard, 14. Horned Devil, Thorny 13. 12. Uromastyx, Lizard, 34. Eastern Tortoise, 33. 32. Rattlesnake Indian Star cerastes, 22. 31. Boa,Cerastes 23. Python, 25. 24. 30. viper, Ahaetulla Grass Rhinoceros nasuta Snake, 29. 26. 27. Asp, Indian Naja Snake, 28. Cobra, haje, Grater African 46. Ceratophrys, Bombina,45. 44. Toad, 43. Bullfrog, 42. Frog, Common 41. Turtle, Sea Loggerhead 40. Trionychidae, 39. mata Mata 38. Turtle, Snake-necked Argentine 37. Emydidae, 36. Tortoise, Galapagos 35. Turtle, Box 48. Marbled Newt Newt, Crested 47. Great Salamander, Fire Reptiles, illustration by Adolphe Millot. Source: Nouveau Larousse Illustré, edited by Claude Augé, published in Paris by Librarie Larousse 1897-1904, this illustration from vol. 7 p. 263 7 p. vol. from 1897-1904, this illustration Larousse Librarie by published in Paris Augé, Claude by edited Illustré, Larousse Nouveau Source: Millot. Adolphe by illustration Reptiles, www.zoosprint.org/Newsletters/ReptileRap.htm OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD REPTILE RAP #15, January 2013 Contents A new record of the Cochin Forest Cane Turtle Vijayachelys silvatica (Henderson, 1912) from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India Arun Kanagavel, 3–6pp New Record of Elliot’s Shieldtail (Gray, 1858) in Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India M.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2. Animals
    AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Calabaria and the Phytogeny of Erycine Snakes
    <nological Journal of the Linnean Socieb (1993), 107: 293-351. With 19 figures Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes ARNOLD G. KLUGE Museum of <oolog~ and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mr 48109 U.S.A. Receiued October 1991, revised manuscript accepted Mar I992 Two major subgroups of erycine snakes, designated Charina and Eyx, are delimited with a cladistic analysis of 75 morphological characters. The hypotheses of species relationships within the two clades are (reinhardtii (bottae, triuirgata) ) and (colubrinus, conicus, elegans, jayakari, muellen’, somalicus (miliaris (tataricus (iaculus, johnii)))),respectively. This pattern of grouping obtains without assuming multistate character additivity. At least 16 synapomorphies indicate that reinhardtii is an erycine and that it is the sister lineage of the (bottae, friuirgata) cladr. Calabaria and Lichanura are synonymized with Charina for reasons of taxonomic efficiency, and to emphasize the New-Old World geographic distribution of the three species in that assemblage. Further resolution of E’yx species relationships is required before Congylophis (type species conicus) can be recognized. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:--Biogeography - Cladistics - erycines - fossils - taxonomy CONI‘EN’I’S Introduction ................... 293 Erycine terminal taxa and nomenclature ............ 296 Fossils .................... 301 Methods and materials ................ 302 Eryrine phylogeny ................. 306 Character descriptions ............... 306 Other variation ................
    [Show full text]
  • LIVE REPTILE PRICE LIST JULY 2012 Call 07850 054697 Or E-Mail [email protected]
    LIVE REPTILE PRICE LIST JULY 2012 Call 07850 054697 or E-mail [email protected] ALL PRICES EXCLUDE VAT & SHIPPING FREE SHIPPING ON ALL ORDERS OVER £300 TO MAINLAND UK Here at Trade Exotics we only supply the best quality captive bred animals. We do not import any wild caught species and many of our animals are bred right here in our own facility. We specialise in all the most popular pet reptiles including Leopard Geckos, Bearded Dragons, Corn Snakes and Royal Pythons. If you breed your own reptiles and are interested in supplying us your surplus, please let us know what you have and we would be interested to hear from you. SNAKES Amelanistic Corn Snake Pantherophis guttatus guttatus A young breeder male surplus to requirements. Adult Male: £45.00 Kenyan Sand Boa (66% Possible Het Albino) Gongylophis colubrinus loveridgei Produced from breeding a pair of het albinos together. These guys can provide a cheap alternative to breeders with low budgets and want to produce albinos. CB 2012: £35.00 Spider Royal Python Python regius A beautiful and more affordable Royal Python morph, we have just the one female 1 Only left. 2012 Female: £200.00 2012 Males: £300.00 Bumblebee Royal Python Python regius COMING SOON A stunning combination of the Spider and Pastel morphs. 2012 Females: £350.00 Royal Python Python regius COMING SOON Captive bred normal Royal Pythons. CB2012: £35.00 100% Het Albino Royal Python COMING SOON Python regius Males: £45.00 Captive bred normal Royal Pythons. Females: £97.50 LEOPARD GECKOS The majority of the Leopard Geckos on our list are bred by ourselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Konservasi Alam Dlm Islam, 13-03
    KONSERVASI ALAM DALAM ISLAM Konservasi Alam dalam Islam/Fachruddin M. Mangunjaya — Ed. 2 — Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia 2019 + hlm.; 14,5 x 21 cm ISBN: Judul: Konservasi Alam dalam Islam, Fachruddin M. Mangunjaya Copyrights © 2005 Diterbitkan pertama kali oleh Yayasan Obor Indonesia anggota IKAPI DKI Jakarta, atas bantuan Bank Dunia (The World Bank) dan Conservation International Indonesia Jakarta Edisi pertama: Mei 2005 Edisi kedua: YOI: Desain cover: Rahmatika Creative Design Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia Jl. Plaju No. 10, Jakarta 10230, Indonesia T. + 62 (0)21 31926978, 31920114 F. + 62 (0)21 31924488 E-mail: yayasan_obor@cbn. net. id http://www.obor.or.id iv Mengajarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan menyebarkannya kepada yang belum mengerti tidak akan berkurang kecuali jika ilmu itu dirahasiakan (Umar bin Abdul Azis) Mengenang Kakeknda Allah yarham Al-Alamah Abdul Qadir Zailani al-Mentaya v This publication has been funded by The World Bank’s Faiths and Environment Initiative. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Penerbitan publikasi ini didukung oleh Inisiatif Keagamaan dan Lingkungan (Faiths and Environment Initiative) Bank Dunia.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Output
    AC29 Doc. 13.3 Annex 1 Summary output To comply with paragraph 1 a) of Resolution Conf. 12.8 (Rev. CoP17), a summary output of trade in wild-sourced specimens was produced from data extracted from the CITES Trade Database on 26th April 2017. An excel version of the data output is also available (see AC29 Doc Inf. 4), which details the trade levels for each individual country with direct exports over the five most recent years (2011-2015). Table 1. Data included for the summary output of ‘wild-sourced’ trade Data included CITES Trade Database Gross exports; report type Direct trade only (re-exports are excluded) Current Appendix Appendix II taxa and Appendix I taxa subject to reservation Source codes1 Wild (‘W’), ranched (‘R’), unknown (‘U’) and no reported source (‘-’) Purpose codes1 All Terms included Selected terms2: baleen, bodies, bones, carapaces, carvings, cloth, eggs, egg (live), fins, gall and gall bladders, horns and horn pieces, ivory pieces, ivory carvings, live, meat, musk (including derivatives for Moschus moschiferus), plates, raw corals, scales, shells, skin pieces, skins, skeletons, skulls, teeth, trophies, and tusks. Units of measure Number (unit = blank) and weight (unit = kilogram3) [Trade in other units of measure (e.g. litres, metres etc.) were excluded] Year range 2011-20154 Contextual The global conservation status and population trend of the species as published information in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; Whether the species/country combination was subject to the Review of Significant Trade process for the last three iterations (post CoP14, post CoP15 and post CoP16); Whether the taxon was reported in trade for the first time within the CITES Trade Database since 2012 (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Birdwing Butterfly Ranching in Range States
    REVIEW OF TRADE IN RANCHED BIRDWING BUTTERFLIES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2007 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‟s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‟s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Zeeshan Breeding of Gongylophis 1867
    NOTE ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(12): 2940 REFERENCES NOTES ON THE BREEDING OF COMMON Daniel, J.C. (2002). The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, SAND BOA GONGYLOPHIS CONICUS viii+238pp. (SCHNEIDER, 1801) Khaire, N. (2006). A Guide to The Snakes of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. Indian Herpetological Society, Pune, 129pp. Minton, S.A. (1966). A contribution to the herpetology of West Zeeshan A. Mirza 1, Kunal K. Ullalkar 2 and Yogendra Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134: 27- Satam 3 184. Smith, M.A. (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including 1 the Whole of the Indochinese Region. Vol. 3 - Serpents. Taylor and Francis, 1-13 Shiv Colony, Marol Police Camp, Andheri (East), Mumbai, London, xii+583pp+1map. Maharashtra 400059, India 2 Whitaker, R. & A. Captain (2004). Snakes of India - The Field Guide. Row House no. -16, Customs Colony, Military Road, Marol, Draco Books, Chennai, xiv+481pp. Andheri (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059, India 3A3-26, Marol Police Camp, Andheri (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059, India ACKNOWLEDGMENT Email: 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected] We would like to thank the following people: Amit Chavan, Kedar plus web supplement of 1 page Bhide (Reptile Rescue & Study Centre), Javed Ahmed, Kiran Ullalkar, Mittal Gala, Sampat Shetty, Shashank Dalvi, Sunny Patil and Viral On 28 May 2007 at 1200hr a snake was rescued by one of Mistry for their comments, help and advise on the draft and related us (Yogendra Satam) from the edge of a scrub forest near Police topics.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Identifikasi Dan Analisa Data
    2. IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISA DATA 2.1. Landasan Teori 2.1.1. Fotografi 2.1.1.1. Sejarah fotografi Dalam seni rupa, fotografi merupakan proses pembuatan lukisan dengan menggunakan media cahaya. Istilah fotografi berasal dari bahasa Inggris. Photo yang berarti cahaya dan graphis yang berarti gambar karena itu fotografi dapat diartikan sebagai proses atau metode untuk menghasilkan gambar atau foto dari suatu obyek dengan merekam pantulan cahaya yang mengenai obyek tersebut pada media yang peka cahaya. Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya fotografi bermula jauh sebelum Masehi. Dalam buku The History of Photography karya Alma Davenport, terbitan Universitas of New Mexico Press tahun 1991, disebutkan bahwa pada abad ke-5 Sebelum Masehi (SM) seorang pria bernama Mo Ti sudah mengamati gejala. Apabila pada dinding ruangan yang gelap terdapat lubang kecil (pinhole), maka di bagian dalam ruang itu akan terefleksikan pemandangan di luar ruang secara terbalik lewat lubang tadi. Mo Ti adalah orang pertama yang menyadari fenomena camera obscura (“sejarah photography”, par 1 ) . Pada tahun 1558, seorang ilmuwan Italia, Giambattista della Porta menyebut “camera obscura” pada sebuah kotak yang membantu pelukis menangkap bayangan gambar (“sejarah photography", par 4). Pada awal abad ke-17 seorang ilmuwan berkebangsaan Italia bernama Angelo Sala menemukan, bila serbuk perak nitrat dikenai cahaya, warnanya akan berubah menjadi hitam. Demikian pula Professor anatomi berkebangsaan Jerman, Johan Heinrich Schulse, pada 1712 melakukan percobaan dan membuktikan bahwa menghitamkan pelat chloride perak yang disebabkan oleh cahaya dan bukan oleh panas merupakan sebuah fenomena yang telah diketahui sejak abad ke-16 bahkan mungkin lebih awal lagi. Ia mendemonstrasikan fakta tersebut dengan menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk merekam serangkaian kata pada 11 Universitas Kristen Petra pelat chloride perak; sayang ia gagal mempertahankan gambar secara permanen.
    [Show full text]
  • Cfreptiles & Amphibians
    WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 26(3):174–179 • JAN 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES First. Chasing Records Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi )of in Wisconsin: Albinism or Leucism in On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Six .SpeciesThe Shared History of Treeboas of (Corallus grenadensisSnakes) and Humans on Grenada: from Central India A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 1 1,2 1,3 4 4,5 4,5 Rahul V. DeshmukhRESEARCH, Sagar A. ARTICLES Deshmukh , Swapnil A. Badhekar , Jagdish Rewatkar , Vijay P. Pachare , and Sujit B. Kawale . 1WardThe No. Texas 4, HornedTeacher Lizard Colony, in Central Kalmeshwar and Western Brahmani, Texas ....................... Nagpur, EmilyMaharashtra-441501, Henry, Jason Brewer, IndiaKrista Mougey,([email protected]) and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight 2Anole Kalmeshwar (Anolis equestris Brahmani,) in Florida Nagpur, Maharashtra-441501, India ([email protected]) .............................................3Tiwaskarwadi, Raipur,Brian Hingana, J. Camposano, Nagpur, Kenneth Maharashtra-441110, L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, India Ellen ([email protected]) M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 4 CONSERVATIONTeacher
    [Show full text]