DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Relationship of Ornamental Peach Determined Using AFLP

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Relationship of Ornamental Peach Determined Using AFLP HORTSCIENCE 40(6):1782–1786. 2005. relationships for agronomic crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants, such as Cephalotaxus (Zhang et al., 2000), Dahlia (Debener, 2002), Genetic Relationship of Ornamental daylily (Tomkins et al., 2001), Dendranthema (Zhou and Dai, 2002), Dieffenbachia (Chen Peach Determined Using AFLP et al., 2004), Lagestroemia (Pooler, 2003), Philodendron (Devanand et al., 2004), plum Markers (Goulao et al., 2001), Prunus mume (Ming and Zhang, 2003), and sweet cherry (Struss Dongyan Hu and Zuoshuang Zhang et al., 2001, 2003; Tavaud et al., 2001; Zhou Beijing Botanical Garden, Wofosi Road, Beijing, 100093, China et al., 2002). Previous studies of fruiting peach cultivars Donglin Zhang1 (Aranzana et al., 2001, 2003; Dirlewanger et Landscape Horticulture, Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, al., 1998; Manubens et al., 1999; Shimada et University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5722 al., 1998) have shown that AFLP technique produces a high degree of polymorphic mark- Qixiang Zhang ers per assay, which could provide an effi cient College of Landscape Horticulture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, system for detection and analysis of fruiting peach cultivars. 100083, China In this study, therefore, AFLP was applied Jianhua Li to estimate genetic relationships of ornamental peach taxa, providing insights into their clas- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, sifi cation and further breeding. MA 02130 Additional index words. breeding, conservation, cultivar, DNA, identification. Materials and Methods Abstract. Ornamental peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a popular plant for urban Plant materials. Fifty-one ornamental landscapes and gardens. However, the genetic relationship among ornamental peach peach taxa, which originated from P. persica cultivars is unclear. In this report, a group of 51 ornamental peach taxa, originated from and P. davidiana, were used in this study. They P. persica and P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch., has been studied using AFLPs. The samples were collected from the following botani- were collected from China, Japan, and US. A total of 275 useful markers ranging in size cal gardens and arboreta: Beijing Botanical from 75 to 500 base pairs were generated using six EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer pairs. Garden, Beijing, China (BBG), National Among them, 265 bands were polymorphic. Total markers for each taxon ranged from Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Japan 90 to 140 with an average of 120. Two clades were apparent on the PAUP–UPGMA tree (JAPAN), and the JC Raulston Arboretum with P. davidiana forming an outgroup to P. persica, indicates that P. davidiana contrib- at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, uted less to the ornamental peach gene pools. Within P. persica clade, 18 out of 20 upright North Carolina, USA (JCRA) (Table 1). The ornamental peach cultivars formed a clade, which indicated that cultivars with upright relationships among these cultivars were growth habit had close genetic relationship. Five dwarf cultivars were grouped to one described by Hu et al. (2003) based on their clade, supported by 81% bootstrap value, indicating that they probably derived from morphological features. a common gene pool. These results demonstrated that AFLP markers are powerful for DNA extraction. Total genomic DNA determining genetic relationships in ornamental peach. The genetic relationships among was isolated from silica gel dried leaves us- ornamental cultivars established in this study could be useful in ornamental peach iden- ing a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc., tifi cation, conservation, and breeding. Chatsworth, Calif.) and following the manu- facturer’s protocols. DNA concentration was Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (ornamental mental features and many new cultivars have quantifi ed using an Eppendorf BioPhotometer peach) is a small deciduous tree of Rose Family been introduced in the nursery trades. However, (Brinkmann Instruments, Inc., Westbury, N.Y.). (Rosaceae). The plant has glabrous branchlets, ornamental peach nomenclature and classifi - All DNA samples were diluted or concentrated serrulate leaves, and subsessile fl owers bloom- cation in the literature are contradictory and to a uniform concentration of 80 µg/mL for the ing before the unfolded leaves during the early confusing. Some ornamental peach cultivars following AFLP procedures. spring. The showy fl owers range from pink to have the same name in the literature, but do AFLP procedure. Amplified fragment red, white, bicolor or tricolor. Growth habits not have the similar morphological descriptions length polymorphism restriction, ligation, range from upright, dwarf, weeping, to fastigi- (Krussmann, 1986; Moore et al., 1993). Others and preselective amplifi cation reactions were ate. Leaf colors vary from green to purple (Hu have different names, but share identical mor- conducted according to the Perkin Elmer et al., 2003). All these characteristics make the phological characteristics (Jacobson, 1996). It AFLP Plant Mapping Protocol (PE Applied ornamental peach an excellent plant for urban is diffi cult to classify ornamental peach taxa Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) with some landscapes and gardens. based only on morphological characteristics modifi cations suggested by Zhang et al. (2000) Ornamental peach had been cultivated in (Dirr, 1998). Modern technology can aid in except for using MseI adaptor sequence plus China for thousands of years before it was clarifying nomenclature, and in determining CAT, CTC combining with EcoRI adaptor introduced to western countries about three genetic relationships. sequence plus ACT, ACC, and AGG.. Amplifi - hundred years ago (Everett, 1967). Today it is Amplifi ed fragment-length polymorphism cations were electrophoresed at 3000 V and 50 grown in Asia, Europe, North America, South (AFLP) has become a popular marker tech- °C for 2.5 h on an automated DNA Sequencer Africa, and Australia for its outstanding orna- nique in plant genetics because it combines (model ABI 377; PE, Applied Biosystems). To restriction digestion and amplifi cation of DNA avoid contamination from adjacent samples, Received for publication 3 Apr. 2005. Accepted fragments, with no prior knowledge about the odd numbered lanes were fi rst loaded, then for publication 28 May 2005. Maine Agricultural the target genome required (Vos et al., 1995). the even numbered lanes were loaded after and Forestry Experiment Station Publication 2812. We thank Todd Lasseigne, JC Rauslton Arboretum Abundant polymorphisms and reproducibility about one-minute run. at North Carolina State University, and Masami have been proved to be the advantages of AFLP AFLP data analysis. For each primer combi- Yamaguchi, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science technique (Pejic et al., 1998; Powell et al., 1996; nation, the amplifi ed fragments were analyzed of Japan, for providing plant materials. Russell et al., 1997). AFLP markers have been using GeneScan software (version 3.1. Perkin- 1To whom reprint requests should be addressed; extensively and successfully used on detect- Elmer, Applied Biosystems) equipped with ABI e-mail [email protected]. ing genetic diversity and analyzing cultivars 377. The presence and absence of a specifi c 1782 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 40(6) OCTOBER 2005 OOctober.indbctober.indb 11782782 88/11/05/11/05 99:05:43:05:43 AAMM marker were scored as 1 and 0, respectively, using six EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer combina- cultivars of P. persica (CP) (Fig. 1). Prunus for each sample, generating a data matrix. The tions of 51 ornamental peach taxa. Among davidiana formed an outgroup to P. persica, data set was then imported to PAUP (PAUP 4.0, them, 256 markers were polymorphic. The which indicates that P. davidiana is geneti- Swofford, 2002). Pairwise distance compari- number of markers for each taxon ranged from cally distant from other ornamental peach taxa sons were calculated and phenetic trees were 90 to 140 (mean =120, Table 2). derived from P. persica. The clade davidiana constructed using the unweighted pair group Based on 275 useful AFLP markers, genetic (CD) had three taxa derived from P. davidiana method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) in distances among the cultivars were found to be (P. davidiana var. alba, P. davidiana var. rubra, PAUP. Conversion to genetic distance Dxy, was ranged from 0.044 to 0.404 (data not presented). and P. davidiana ‘BBG1’) and supported by obtained by the following equation: Dxy = 1- Sxy The greatest distance (0.404) was between P. 100% bootstrap value. The genetic distance (data not presented)[Sxy = 2Nxy/(Nx+Ny)], where davidiana ‘BBG1’ and P. persica ‘Clarisse’, within these three taxa is 0.16, while the aver- Sxy is the genetic similarity between cultivar x ‘Zhu Fen Chui Zhi’, ‘Genpaishidare’, and age distance of these three taxa to all other taxa and y; Nxy is the number of bands shared between ‘Corinthian White’, respectively. This result originated from P. persica is 0.339. Obviously, cultivar x and y; and Nx and Ny were the number was not surprising given that genetic distances these three taxa are closely related to each other of bands for cultivar x and y, respectively. among the cultivars derived from different spe- compared with ornamental peach taxa derived cies are expected to be higher than those among from P. persica. Prunus davidiana ‘BBG1’, Results and Discussion the cultivars selected within a species. a new cultivar selected by Beijing Botanical Two major clades were recognized in Garden (manuscript in preparation), has upright In total,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Color Conversion Chart
    Color Conversion Chart CMYK & RGB COLOR VALUES Opalescent C-M-Y-K R-G-B Opalescent C-M-Y-K R-G-B 000009 Reactive Cloud 4-2-1-0 241-243-247 000164 Egyptian Blue 81-48-0-0 49-116-184 000013 Opaque White 4-2-2-1 246-247-249 000203 Woodland Brown 22-63-87-49 120-70-29 000016 Turquoise Opaque Rod 65-4-27-6 75-174-179 000206 Elephant Gray 35-30-32-18 150-145-142 000024 Tomato Red 1-99-81-16 198-15-36 000207 Celadon Green 43-14-46-13 141-167-137 000025 Tangerine Orange 1-63-100-0 240-119-2 000208 Dusty Blue 60-25-9-28 83-123-154 000034 Light Peach Cream 5-12-15-0 243-226-213 000212 Olive Green 44-4-91-40 104-133-42 000100 Black 75-66-60-91 10-9-10 000216 Light Cyan 62-4-9-0 88-190-221 000101 Stiff Black 75-66-60-91 10-9-10 000217 Green Gold Stringer 11-6-83-13 206-194-55 000102 Blue Black 76-69-64-85 6-7-13 000220 Sunflower Yellow 5-33-99-1 240-174-0 000104 Glacier Blue 38-3-5-0 162-211-235 000221 Citronelle 35-15-95-1 179-184-43 000108 Powder Blue 41-15-11-3 153-186-207 000222 Avocado Green 57-24-100-2 125-155-48 000112 Mint Green 43-2-49-2 155-201-152 000224 Deep Red 16-99-73-38 140-24-38 000113 White 5-2-5-0 244-245-241 000225 Pimento Red 1-100-99-11 208-10-13 000114 Cobalt Blue 86-61-0-0 43-96-170 000227 Golden Green 2-24-97-34 177-141-0 000116 Turquoise Blue 56-0-21-1 109-197-203 000236 Slate Gray 57-47-38-40 86-88-97 000117 Mineral Green 62-9-64-27 80-139-96 000241 Moss Green 66-45-98-40 73-84-36 000118 Periwinkle 66-46-1-0 102-127-188 000243 Translucent White 5-4-4-1 241-240-240 000119 Mink 37-44-37-28 132-113-113 000301 Pink 13-75-22-10
    [Show full text]
  • Colours in Nature Colours
    Nature's Wonderful Colours Magdalena KonečnáMagdalena Sedláčková • Jana • Štěpánka Sekaninová Nature is teeming with incredible colours. But have you ever wondered how the colours green, yellow, pink or blue might taste or smell? What could they sound like? Or what would they feel like if you touched them? Nature’s colours are so wonderful ColoursIN NATURE and diverse they inspired people to use the names of plants, animals and minerals when labelling all the nuances. Join us on Magdalena Konečná • Jana Sedláčková • Štěpánka Sekaninová a journey to discover the twelve most well-known colours and their shades. You will learn that the colours and elements you find in nature are often closely connected. Will you be able to find all the links in each chapter? Last but not least, if you are an aspiring artist, take our course at the end of the book and you’ll be able to paint as exquisitely as nature itself does! COLOURS IN NATURE COLOURS albatrosmedia.eu b4u publishing Prelude Who painted the trees green? Well, Nature can do this and other magic. Nature abounds in colours of all shades. Long, long ago people began to name colours for plants, animals and minerals they saw them in, so as better to tell them apart. But as time passed, ever more plants, animals and minerals were discovered that reminded us of colours already named. So we started to use the names for shades we already knew to name these new natural elements. What are these names? Join us as we look at beautiful colour shades one by one – from snow white, through canary yellow, ruby red, forget-me-not blue and moss green to the blackest black, dark as the night sky.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Peach Martini
    710 HUFFMAN MILL ROAD BURLINGTON NORTH CAROLINA 27215 336.584.0479 GRILL584.COM WINE, BEER & COCKTAILS Our wines have been meticulously chosen from the world’s most treasured wineries. This wine list combines familiar names along with new hidden treasures chosen exclusively for . Our balanced wine selection is designed to fully complement your dining experience. Upon your request, our knowledgeable staff will pair an appropriate wine with your meal in an effort to create a memorable and elegant dining experience. Feeaturedatured WWhiteshites Steeple Jack Chardonnay, Austrailia 5.95 24.00 The colour of pale straw with a green hue; aromas of peach, ripe melon and honeysuckle on the nose. A full, soft, stonefruit palate of peaches and nectarines intermingled with rockmelon, with a creamy texture and a lingering lime citrus fi nish. Lafage Cote Est, France 6.75 26.00 The Cotes Catalanes Cote d’Est (50% Grenache Blanc, 30% Chardonnay, 20% Marsanne, aged in stainless steel on lees) is beautifully crisp and pure, with juicy acidity giving lift to notions of buttered citrus, green herbs and honeyed minerality. Medium-bodied, lively and certainly delicious, it’s a fantastic meal starter. Feeaturedatured RRedseds Gravel Bar Alluvial Red Blend, Columbia Valley 8.95 36.00 This is a full-bodied red blend (30% Cabernet Sauvignon, 30% Merlot, 15% Cabernet Franc, 10% Malbec, 10% Petit Verdot) with vibrant fl avors of dried cherries, plum, toffee, chocolate and vanilla. The structure is rich, with bold tannins extending the fi nish. Block & Tackle Cabernet Sauvignon, California 7.75 31.00 A deep ruby color with a rich nose of blackberries, raspberries and hints of pepper.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Rot of Peach
    University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food & Environment Extension Plant Pathology College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Cooperative Extension Service Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PPFS-FR-T-27 Brown Rot of Peach Nicole Gauthier Erica Wood Extension Plant Pathologist Extension Agent for Horticulturist Importance Fruit rot Brown rot is the most devastating disease of peach Decay begins as small circular brown spots, which in Kentucky. The disease affects both commercial rapidly expand to destroy entire fruit (Figure 2). and backyard orchards. Crop losses occur primarily Light-colored tan-to-brown spores (conidia) cover as a result of fruit decay; however, blossom blight is infected fruit tissue (Figure 3). Rotted fruit drop to also part of the disease cycle. All stone fruit (peach, the ground or remain attached to trees and become nectarine, plum, and cherry) are susceptible to hard and wrinkled (mummies) (Figure 4). Infected brown rot. fruit (not yet showing symptoms) can rot in storage. Symptoms & Signs Blossom blight 2 Infected blossoms wilt and turn brown (Figure 1) while remaining attached to twigs; oozing sap is often associated with the dead blossoms. Blossom infections move into peduncles (blossom attachments to branches) and then into branches, causing cankers (Figure 1); these may initially go unnoticed. The cankers girdle (encircle) branches; twig blight and shoot death occur as a result. Gummosis (oozing of sap) is common in affected twigs. 1 Figure 1. Blossom blight phase occurs when the brown rot fungus infects flowers. This initiates other phases of the disease. A canker (arrow) develops when blossom infections move into branches. Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Peach and Nectarine Varieties for Northern Utah Peaches
    Recommended Peach and Nectarine Varieties for Northern LARRY A. SAGERS Thanksgiving Point Office HORTICULTURE SPECIALIST 3003 North Thanksgiving Way Utah SUTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Lehi, Utah 84043-3740 EXTENSION (801) 768-2300 Peaches HARVEST VARIETY FRUIT AND TREE REMARKS SEASON COMPACT Early Fruit is same as Redhaven. Except very dense branching habit. Bud mutation of Redhaven. REDHAVEN Medium to large fruit. Skin is golden overlaid with red. Firm yellow clear CRESTHAVEN Late freestone flesh is juicy and resists browning. Holds well on tree. Self- Fruit cans and freezes well. fertile tree of above-average hardiness. Fruit resembles Elberta with yellow skin and a slight, red blush. Yellow EARLY ELBERTA In my opinion, this is the Midseason flesh is freestone. Quality is better than Elberta. Relatively cold hardy (GLEASON) best canning peach. tree. Less subject to fruit drop. Medium to large fruit, oblong and flattened. Skin is mottled bright red. Average quality for canning Yellow, freestone flesh is coarse and soft with melting texture, good GOLDEN JUBILEE Midseason and freezing. Fruit drops quality. Tree sets heavily but thins itself. Flowers are small, not very early from tree. showy. Medium to large fruit. Skin red over greenish yellow, changing to yellow Buds are winter hardy. HALEHAVEN Midseason at maturity. Yellow, freestone flesh is juicy and flavorful. Very sweet Excellent home garden skin. Tree is vigorous and productive. Medium, nonshowy flowers. variety. Large fruit. Skin is yellow blushed with red, little fuzz. Yellow, freestone Prized for its large, high- Midseason to J.H. HALE flesh is stringy. A fine keeper with good flavor and aroma.
    [Show full text]
  • Peach, Apricot, and Nectarine
    Peach, Apricot, and Nectarine plantdiseasehandbook.tamu.edu/food-crops/fruit-crops/peach-apricot-and-nectarine/ Armillaria Root Rot: This can be a major disease in older orchards and replanted orchards. (See Photo) (See Section on Mushroom Root Rot) Bacterial Canker (bacterium – Pseudomonas syringae): Elongated cankers develop at the base of buds and randomly on the trunk and scaffold limbs (See Photo). Damaged areas are slightly sunken and somewhat darker in color than the surrounding bark. At both the upper and lower margins of the canker, narrow brown streaks extend into healthy tissue. As the trees break dormancy in the spring, gum is formed by the surrounding tissue and may exert enough pressure to break through the bark and flow. The area beneath the canker has a soured odor. Individual scaffolds or the entire tree usually dies shortly after leafing out in the spring. Roots are not affected. Extensive suckering (See Photo) often occurs at the tree base. The bacterium is a weak pathogen and causes serious damage only when a tree is in a dormant condition or weakened due to unfavorable growing conditions. Bacterial canker is a component in a disease complex known as Peach Tree Short Life. Trees up to 7 years old, growing on deep sandy soil are most susceptible. Avoid using high nitrogen fertilizer rates in mid to late summer. Do not encourage late fall growth. Prune when the trees are fully dormant (January and February). High dosage of a copper-containing fungicide at leaf drop has been somewhat successful. Bacterial Spot (bacterium – Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni): Symptoms on leaves are observed first as small, circular, or irregularly shaped, pale green lesions (See Photo).
    [Show full text]
  • Problem: Brown Rot of Fruit Trees - Monilinia Fructicola
    Problem: Brown Rot of Fruit Trees - Monilinia fructicola Host Plants: Peach, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Cherries, Apples Description: The disease may affect blossoms, twigs, and fruit. Generally, there are two major infection periods of the brown rot fungus. They occur during blossom and beginning several weeks before harvest. The blossom blight phase occurs in early spring during bloom. Young petals first develop brown spots, but the blossoms quickly turn brown or black and die. Small tufts of dusty brown to gray fungal growth can be seen growing on the dead blossoms. The loss of some blossoms in the spring is not serious in itself; however, inoculum produced on the rotting blossoms serves to infect developing fruit later in the season. The fungus also may move from blighted blossoms into the twigs, causing small, elliptical cankers. In some cases, these cankers will girdle and kill twigs. Bleeding or gum production often is associated with twig cankers. The second phase of the disease occurs as fruit begins to mature. Inoculum produced on blighted blossoms, twig cankers, or from nearby wild plums infects maturing fruit. Affected fruit develops light brown spots that enlarge rapidly. The fruit may be completely rotted within a day or two. The fungus sporulates profusely on the rotting fruit, giving the peaches a dusty brown appearance. The rotting fruit shrivels to form a structure called a mummy, which is completely colonized by the brown rot fungus. These mummies may remain attached to the tree or drop to the orchard floor. Fruits thinned at or after pit hardening also provide a good medium for the fungus and are an important source of inoculum for mature fruit infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Color Chart Colorchart
    Color Chart AMERICANA ACRYLICS Snow (Titanium) White White Wash Cool White Warm White Light Buttermilk Buttermilk Oyster Beige Antique White Desert Sand Bleached Sand Eggshell Pink Chiffon Baby Blush Cotton Candy Electric Pink Poodleskirt Pink Baby Pink Petal Pink Bubblegum Pink Carousel Pink Royal Fuchsia Wild Berry Peony Pink Boysenberry Pink Dragon Fruit Joyful Pink Razzle Berry Berry Cobbler French Mauve Vintage Pink Terra Coral Blush Pink Coral Scarlet Watermelon Slice Cadmium Red Red Alert Cinnamon Drop True Red Calico Red Cherry Red Tuscan Red Berry Red Santa Red Brilliant Red Primary Red Country Red Tomato Red Naphthol Red Oxblood Burgundy Wine Heritage Brick Alizarin Crimson Deep Burgundy Napa Red Rookwood Red Antique Maroon Mulberry Cranberry Wine Natural Buff Sugared Peach White Peach Warm Beige Coral Cloud Cactus Flower Melon Coral Blush Bright Salmon Peaches 'n Cream Coral Shell Tangerine Bright Orange Jack-O'-Lantern Orange Spiced Pumpkin Tangelo Orange Orange Flame Canyon Orange Warm Sunset Cadmium Orange Dried Clay Persimmon Burnt Orange Georgia Clay Banana Cream Sand Pineapple Sunny Day Lemon Yellow Summer Squash Bright Yellow Cadmium Yellow Yellow Light Golden Yellow Primary Yellow Saffron Yellow Moon Yellow Marigold Golden Straw Yellow Ochre Camel True Ochre Antique Gold Antique Gold Deep Citron Green Margarita Chartreuse Yellow Olive Green Yellow Green Matcha Green Wasabi Green Celery Shoot Antique Green Light Sage Light Lime Pistachio Mint Irish Moss Sweet Mint Sage Mint Mint Julep Green Jadeite Glass Green Tree Jade
    [Show full text]
  • Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Cherries, Almonds and Prunus Hybrids
    E-612 2-13 Texas Fruit and Nut Production lums, Nectarines, Apricots Cherries, Almonds and Prunus hybrids Larry Stein, Jim Kamas, and Monte Nesbitt Extension Fruit Specialists, The Texas A&M University System s closely related members of the rose family, plums and apricots typically require similar management. Both fruits have performed Amuch better in Texas than nectarines, almonds, sweet cherries, and Prunus hybrids because they are less susceptible to disease, varmints, and crop loss due to premature blooming. Plums The plum tree has white flowers and sets fruit on buds from previous season’s growth (Fig. 1). Usually Figure 1. A plum orchard in full bloom. the fruit has a dusty white coating or wax bloom that is easily rubbed off (Fig. 2). Plums can be sweet to tart; the skin is typically quite tart. The two main species used in the United States are the European plum, Prunus domestica, and the Japanese plum, Prunus salycina. The European plum includes varieties such as ‘Stanley’, which is grown for fresh fruit and often dried for use as prunes. These varieties have produced poorly in Texas because they require cold climates and are susceptible to fungal diseases such as brown rot. The varieties adapted to Texas are usually hybrids Figure 2. The dusty white coating associated with between P. domestica and P. salycina and are known plums is known as wax bloom. 1 Figure 4. Eating a ripe, juicy Figure 5. ‘Bruce’ plums. ‘Methley’ plum right off the tree. as Japanese or Japanese hybrid varieties. Most plum varieties are not self-fruitful.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Rot of Stone Fruits
    EPLP-003 12/14 Brown Rot of Stone Fruits Kevin Ong, Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist Corinne Rhodes, Extension Assistant* Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is a common fruit may exhibit symptoms quickly or the infection disease affecting stone fruits throughout the world. may remain latent, sometimes until after harvest. There are a number of Monilinia species that cause Fruit lesions begin as light brown, circular spots on brown rot, but Monilinia fructicola is the most common the fruit surface. The spots enlarge and tan/buff clus- species affecting trees in the United States. In addition ters of spores develop, often in concentric rings (Fig. 1). to causing pre- and post-harvest brown rot of fruit, M. Infected fruit eventually completely rots, turns a tan to fructicola can cause blossom blight and stem canker. brown color, shrivels (known as mummies), and may re- Cherries, apricots, peaches, and plums are all suscepti- main attached to the tree or drop to the ground (Fig. 2). ble to the pathogen. Blossom and fruit infections can spread within High humidity, rainfall, and warm temperatures tissues to infect stems, resulting in depressed, dark-col- favor the development and spread of the disease. An ac- ored, elliptical cankers, often producing gum and tive management strategy for controlling the pathogen, sometimes spores. When stem cankers girdle or encir- involving both preventive and responsive measures, is cle the stem, they disrupt the flow of water and nutri- recommended in regions with a climate conducive to ents from the root to the stem, leading to twig dieback.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainbow of Colors
    Rainbow of Colors Diamond White Pearl Gray Silver Pearl Ivory Pearl Yellow Citrine Pearl Clear White Ivory Silk Lemon Chiffon Yellow Citrine Yellow Goldenrod Gold Blush Neon Mocha Chocolate Pearl Rose Coral Orange Mandarin Orange Brown Brown Peach Gold Orange Pearl Mandarin Pearl Pink Neon Neon Rose Wild Pearl Jewel Red Ruby Red Orange Pink Pink Magenta Berry Magenta Magenta Pearl Maroon Sparkling Pearl Pearl Neon Spring Purple Quartz Pearl Pearl Ruby Red Burgundy Burgundy Lavender Violet Lilac Violet Purple Quartz Purple Light Blue Pearl Pale Neon Robin’s Periwinkle Dark Sapphire Pearl Pearl Navy Caribbean Azure Blue Blue Egg Blue Blue Blue Sapphire Blue Midnight Blue Blue Tropical Jewel Pearl Pearl Neon Wintergreen Lime Jewel Pearl Lime Spring Green Teal Teal Teal Mint Green Green Green Lime Green Green Chrome Balloons Chrome Emerald Pearl Pearl Pearl Onyx Black Chrome Chrome Chrome Chrome Chrome Chrome ™ Green Emerald Green Forest Green Onyx Black Silver Gold Mauve Purple Blue Green SuperAgate ® Traditional Fashion Red & Black & Yellow Orange Pink Violet Red Orange Blue Green Canada 1-800-263-6861 White White Rainbow Rainbow Rainbow Rainbow Rainbow Mexico 01-800-590-4602 UK 0800 28 12 15 Incorporate Chrome and SuperAgate collections into your designs for unlimited creative potential! Europe +44 1279 501090 Contact your Qualatex distributor for information on balloon sizes, color availability, and to order. For the name of Australia 1800-814-634 a distributor, visit “Distributors” on qualatex.com, or call Pioneer® Balloon Company at 1-800-999-5644. Brazil 55-11-4596-4555 Other Countries 316-685-2266 Due to photography and color printing processes, exact colors may vary.
    [Show full text]
  • ENABLING MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING (MAB) for BLUSH in PEACH [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] Terrence Frett Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2012 ENABLING MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING (MAB) FOR BLUSH IN PEACH [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Terrence Frett Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Frett, Terrence, "ENABLING MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING (MAB) FOR BLUSH IN PEACH [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]" (2012). All Theses. 1301. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1301 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENABLING MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING (MAB) FOR BLUSH IN PEACH [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Horticulture by Terrence J. Frett May 2012 Committee Members: Dr. Ksenija Gasic, Committee Chair Dr. Gregory Reighard Dr. Desmond Layne Dr. Douglas Bielenberg ABSTRACT Phenotyping is a crucial component for using DNA-based tools in gene discovery and marker development. Phenotypic and genotypic data are essential for linking genetic variation with biological function, thus documenting gene function. However, phenotypic data gathering is not keeping pace with the immensely increasing amount of available genomic information, brought forth by current High Throughput technologies. Standardized phenotyping protocols for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] have been developed for 6 productivity traits (on the tree) and 16 fruit quality traits. Documentation of fruit quality phenotypes has been performed applying developed standardized phenotyping protocol in two seasons, at nine locations, on 513 peach and almond accessions, cultivars, advanced selections, lines, and or populations.
    [Show full text]