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Feminist Conversions FEMINIST CONVERSATIONS History, Memory, Difference forumZFD (Forum Civil Peace Service / Forum Ziviler Friedensdienst e.V.) Prishtina, 2016 FEMINIST CONVERSATIONS Editors: Linda Gusia Vjollca Krasniqi Nita Luci Language editing: Jeta Rexha Transcription: Dren Berishaj Published by: forumZFD - (Forum Civil Peace Service / Forum Ziviler Friedensdienst e.V.) University Program for Gender Studies and Research, UP Alter Habitus – Institute for Studies in Society and Culture Pristina, 2016 Sevdije Ahmeti Nazlije Bala Daša Duhaček Shukrije Gashi founder of the first women's wwomen'omen's,s, humanhuman rightsrights andand feminist philosopher, founder Executive Director of Partners center in Kosovo (Center for politicalpolitical activist.activist. of Belgrade Women's Studies Kosova, and women's human the Protection of Women and Center, teaches Gender rights activist. Children) and co-founder of Studies at the University of the Independent Women's Belgrade. Association. Linda Gusia Vjollca Krasniqi Nita Luci Lepa Mlađenović sociologist, co-founder of sociologist, co-founder of anthropologist, co-founder of activist for Women in Black, University Program for University Program for University Program for co-founder of the Gender Studies and Research, Gender Studies and Research, Gender Studies and Research, Autonomous Women's Center, teaches at the University teaches at the University of teaches at the University of works at Counseling for of Prishtina. Prishtina. Prishtina Lesbians. Nela Pamuković Igballe Rogova Afërdita Saraçini – Kelmendi, Staša Zajević activist, founder of Motrat feminist activist and Journalist, activist and feminist and anti-war activist, Qiriazi, and founder and co-founder of Center for CEO of RTV21 co-founder and coordinator of Women War Victims Executive Director of Kosovo Women in Black, Belgrade. “Rosa,” Zagreb. Women's Network. CONVERSATIONS FEMINIST CONVERSATIONS Feminist Conversions: History, Memory and gendered, classed) in women's activism FEMINIST Dierence is the 5th Atelier within the between Kosova and the rest of former CONVERSATIONS framework of the Memory Mapping Kosova Yugoslavia. History, project that explores ocial but contested memory sites and past events. The The second part of the project is the text Memory, epistemology deployed in this work is produced and presented in this publication. Difference premised on contrasting ocial memories, Recorded and transcribed in full the established historical narratives (e.g. history discussion is published as a text that will books, ocial discourses) and archive serve as primary evidence for students and materials, as well as those alternative and researchers of gender, memory, and marginalised, to enable a critical reading of activism. The text will serve as a record of Introduction by various pasts. Therefore, Memory Mapping the conversation generated by the Atelier as Linda Gusia, Kosova aims a production of a new multi- well as a compelling exchange on the Vjollca Krasniqi, perspective understanding of memory and political, cultural and social engagement of memorialization in Kosova. Atelier #5 was feminism and women's movements and Nita Luci envisaged as a two-part activity consisting activism in parts of former Yugoslavia. As of a panel discussion and a publication. The such, it brings to the center a recollection first was a daylong panel discussion with and creates an intervention onto the 7 women activists form Kosova and region. historical record, which otherwise lacks recognition of the existence and relevance of The panel generated narrations and feminist work. accounts of histories and the memory of women's activism as remembered and The text here brings forward a number of interpreted by women activists themselves. social and political timelines, both divergent Followed with a discussion on feminism and and intersecting. They span trough the dierence, the Atelier made visible the collapse of socialist Yugoslavia, political multiplicity and complexity of women's transitions and war, market liberalization, narratives of activism, mobilisation, and nation-state building. The conversation cooperation, as well as experiences of war is not chronological. It did not aim to identify and post-war reconstruction. This was the macro-events of “historical relevance” – the first discussion of its kind, in that it brought collapse of state-socialism, ethno-national the discussion and the activists in Prishtina, wars, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, Kosova – otherwise considered a peaceful civil resistance, etc. - in which to ¹Memory Mapping Kosova is an on-going three-year collaborative project - between geographical and socio-political periphery interject a feminist remembrance. Rather, forumZFD – Kosovo Program, Alter Habitus - Institute for Studies in Society and for similar conversations – and that it feminist praxis and women's rights activism Culture, and the University Program for Gender Studies and Research (UP). treated the very notion of dierence (ethnic, is the axis that enables and animated the How have the “centres” of feminist thought and praxis emerged in Socialist Yugoslavia? How was feminism defined in these “centres” and how did it resonate in the multiple locations in the semi-peripheries in the late 1980s and onward? How is the history of feminism in post-Socialist Yugoslav spaces being written? Who have been the agents and subjects of feminist (academic, civil society) memory work in the region (in art, literature, theory, activism)? · What have been the forms and narratives made and employed in feminist memory work in the region? 8 Feminism in socialist Yugoslavia emerged as a critique to The 1990s war(s) in former Yugoslavia had a lasting imprint the state's project on women's emancipation. Feminists were and shaped the feminist movement and feminist self- a small collective comprising of women intellectuals in identifications. As Dubravka Žarkov has pointed out academia situated in the triangle of the major cities: feminists 'were the first to reflect on how the wars of Ljubljana, Zagreb and Belgrade. This feminist collective grew Yugoslav disintegration and partition influenced their larger into a movement in the late 1980s. Positing itself in identities and what the wars meant for them personally, opposition to the state's project on women's emancipation, and for their activism' (Žarkov 2000:3). And it is at such feminists overlooked nationalism and its threats for the moments of reflection that a space was opening up for unmaking of socialist state and the remaking of the new women's activism against nationalism and war. Resistance successor nation-states. However, nationalism(s) resurfacing to nationalism(s) and opposition to war(s) defined women's in the 1980s did force feminists to engage in resistance to activism and solidarity across national divides. This nationalism(s). Feminists knew too well the manifold risks organizing enabled creation of spaces of dierence nationalism entailed. Nationalism is a gendered ideology grounded in feminist politics of solidarity and ethics of care. whose practice rests on the subordination of women and on Hence, feminism was no longer confined to academia. It was the constant construction/reconstruction of notions of out in praxis: supporting women's refugees and those in war femininity and masculinity. By subjecting women to through setting up SOSs telephones, documentation and nationalist goals, women can only play a role as long as information centres, street protests against war, and they reinforce male-designed politics. 'witnessing the pain of the other'—crossing borders in solidarity with women in war zones. Nationalism(s) and war (s) did not prevent feminists from embracing solidarity and formations to gain a better understanding of feminism in crossing borders: physical, imaginary and psychological that Kosova and the region. However, it is feminist solidarity were laid wide open in former Yugoslavia in the late 1980s across space, dierence and politics that deserves (Iveković 2013:17). remembrance and recognition not only for the sake of the memory of past but also for the future where gender justice Histories of feminist movements—regionally and globally, is a norm. however, do not claim singular histories. And as we have seen with the break-up of Yugoslavia, the feminist As feminist scholars we recognize the importance of re- movement reflects and documents plural histories of writing history and active remembering. Feminist domination, oppression and resistance. True, these acts are conversations is just one way of intervention in the history always situated in the local and national nexus, and are making and memorialization. The Atelier may have been contextual. In Kosova, feminist movement emerged in compelled to open epistemological and historical questions relation to the national struggle and the peaceful resistance on how we understand our fluid identities, lived experience, that grew out in the 1990-s to resist the Milosevic regime. memory and agency in the time of war and peace. We will The histories of resistance, human rights activism and attempt to continue to answer these questions in the spirit national struggle do intersect. They had constituted a of a dialogue and communal critical thinking to avoid complex ground for the emergence of feminist politics and nostalgic and romantic renderings of the past. Only through praxis in Kosova. Women in Kosova, as women in the other such a methodology it is believed feminist can resist 9 parts of former Yugoslavia were
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