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The Concept of Salvation Or Mokṣa Dies and Reborn Until the Time When He Has Completely Purified Himself and Becomes Free from Dr Jahnavi Sanskrit E -Journal (The First Unpaid Sanskrit E -Journal by सारवत -िनकेतनम)् published by Dr. Bipin Kumar Jha Since 2009 ISSN- 0976-8645 Avilable at jahnavisanskritejournal.in Issue 38 Vol- II Year 10. Date 16 July, 2019. UGC RN -41039 The Concept of Salvation or Mokṣa dies and reborn until the time when he has completely purified himself and becomes free from Dr. Nilachal Mishra 202 all the sins and shortcomings which enable him to merge with the supreme soul or god. When a man Subscription ID 260899385 Received on- 26/06/2019 able to be pure completely then he becomes god alike. The concept of mukti differs from system to system but it makes the climax of philosophical Key words- God , Mukti , Word , Brahman . culture. The Heterodox does not believe in mokṣa. As per their views, the word mokṣa means’ --------------------------------------------------------- mṛtyu ‘ ‘moraṇo pavargaḥ’. Abstract- The word mukti can be interrelated in different ways like mokṣa,salvation,liberation,self The state of mukti is one in which the pure light of realization, god realization and etc. one who gets Brahman as the identity of pure knowledge being salvation he becomes free from the cycle of death and complete eternal bliss shines forth in its and birth. Salvation is divided into two parts like unique glory and all the rest disappears as illusory jīvanmukta and videha mukta. Jīvanmukta is silent nothings. The salvation is divided into two parts and unconcerned towards life. Mukti is regarded as like jīvanmukta and videha mukta. the highest position and man became very free from the good and evil. It cannot be described in In reality, it is very difficult to make a distinction general words but it can be realized by the real between the jīvanmukti and videha mukti. The knowledge of the supreme soul. It is the real difference between jivanmukti and videha mukti is attainment of supreme bliss. Here the concept of relative and that is the experience of an individual salvation or mokṣa is described from different when a mortal body is still hanging on due to the sacred texts like vivekacuḍāmaṇi of saṅkarācārya reminder of a little prārabdha. The mortal body and from others briefly. enjoys the lord of the universe without knowing his reality. His enjoyment is in self. He always feels ==================== satisfaction in himself. He brings under control all the evil. The jivanmukta is silent and unconcerned Introduction towards the play of life. Indian sacred scriptures describe four major The doctrine of videha mukta is the logical principles i.e. dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa. outcome and eschatological doctrine of the vedas. Mukti or salvation gives a topmost rank in the On other hands, the conception of jivanmukti is śāstras among the four puruṣārtha, otherwise, it is the knowledge of Brahman and which can be known as Parama puruṣārtha. Because it does not gained when personified. control only the dharma, artha, kāma but also helps the person to attain the spiritual gain which is the Mukti is the highest position one remains free from ultimate aim of human life. Mukti is the final and the good and evil. Salvation or mukti cannot be real achievement of human beings. described in words or through any other instruments. The only liberated soul can be able to The word ‘mukti’ can be interrelated in different realize the taste of mukti or salvation, whose value ways like mokṣa, liberation, immortality, self can be realized by the ultimate knowledge and joy. realization, god realization, spiritual enlightenment and perfection. The person who gets salvation In the state of mukti, the person has no tension, no becomes free from the cycle of death and rebirth. fire and all doubts are dismissed and all disbelieves In indian theory of rebirth express a man actually are eliminated. The salvation or mukti is to be gained not by discursive knowledge but by the 202 experience. That experience is only described by Lecturer in Sanskrit, K. C. P. A. N J R. College, Bankoi, Odisha. पसङृ ्“या- 66 कुलपसङृ ्“या- 78 Jahnavi Sanskrit E -Journal (The First Unpaid Sanskrit E -Journal by सारवत -िनकेतनम)् published by Dr. Bipin Kumar Jha Since 2009 ISSN- 0976-8645 Avilable at jahnavisanskritejournal.in Issue 38 Vol- II Year 10. Date 16 July, 2019. UGC RN -41039 several names, prajñāna,kevala jñāna, anubhuti and There are the three things which are described as sākṣātkāra, etc. very rare to see in this world, these are the good desires of god and such as, human birth, the desires Mokṣa is not called as a material gain and which is for salvation (mukti) and taking care of the not gained by physically. But there are no miseries improved sage. and only exists the attainment of supreme bliss in the state of mukti. ‘ yo vai Bhuma tat sukham’ Durlabhaṁ trayamevaitaddevānugrahahetukam/ which has no conditions but only exists bliss. Manuṣyatvaṁ mumukṣatvaṁ mahāpuruṣa saṁśrayaḥ// 2 There is no comparison about the bliss of Bhuma which is all -pervading like the sky and which bliss If you have the ambition of salvation (mokṣa), is inexpressible bliss. The realization of that bliss then, you should abandon the attraction of sense is the final goal of human life. The bliss is only objects and you make a good distance from those found in ourselves, not in the external world. objects like the poison. You should have always cultivated like nectar and which are good virtues The sacred scriptures have discussed the such as self- control, forgiveness, calmness, self liberation and which is divided into four parts like contentment and etc. Sālokya (accepting the realm of god), sāmīpya( Mokṣasya kāṁkṣyā yadi vai tavāsti accepting the closeness of god ) sāyujya ( merged Tyajātidūrādviṣayānviṣaṁ yathā/ with god ), sārupya (accepting the god as similarity Pīyūṣavattoṣadayakṣamārjava formation). For achieving the top level of human Praśāntidantīrbhaja nityamādarāt/ /3 life, one can change the mind from outgoing tendency into ingoing tendency. I have taken an The infatuation (moha) of the body is the terrible attempt to describe here the conception of death for whom who seeks salvation. He who salvation or mukti from various sources like conquers that infatuation (moha), he can be able to vivekacūḍāmaṇi,śrīmad Bhagavad gitā and get the place of salvation (muktipada). vedāntaḍiṇḍima, and others. Moha eva mahāmṛtyurmumukṣorvapurādiṣu/ The concept of salvation in vivekacūḍāmaṇi Moho vinirjito yena sa muktipadamahrati/ /4 The person who devoted his own mind towards the It is difficult for all human beings to get a human authority of śruti passionately, he gets stability in birth and a male body is too difficult to obtain. his own religion (svadharma) and that alone can And a brahmin caste is also more difficult to get. bring the purity of mind. The mind who becomes There is a rare attachment of obtaining the vedic very pure ,that realizes the reality of the supreme religion and also it is rare to achieve the soul and self. At that time he can able to destroy knowledge about the scriptures and the difference the roots of saṁsāra. between the self and not -self and such type of mukti or salvation cannot be obtained without the Śrutipramāṇaikamateḥ svadharamaniṣṭhā well obtained of merits of the hundred crores of tayaivātmaviśudhirasya/ births. The description of vivekacūḍāmaṇi is like Viśudheḥ paramātmavedanaṁ this. Tenaiva saṁsārasamūlanāśaḥ// 5 Jantunāṁ narajanma durlabhamataḥ puṁstva tato vipratā The genius should discriminate between the self Tasmādvaidikadharmamārgaparatā vivamadvatmasmātparam/ and non self for removing the worldly bondage. He Ātmānātmavivecanaṁsvanubhavo brahmātmanā can able to know through this process that, the own saṁsthitirmuktirno Śatajanmatmanākotisukṛtaiḥ puṇyairvinā labhyate//1 self possesses existence, knowledge and the complete bliss and he becomes very happy by knowing that reality. Vivekacūḍāmaṇi says the language of Ādiśaṅkara like this. पसङृ ्“या- 67 कुलपसङृ ्“या- 78 Jahnavi Sanskrit E -Journal (The First Unpaid Sanskrit E -Journal by सारवत -िनकेतनम)् published by Dr. Bipin Kumar Jha Since 2009 ISSN- 0976-8645 Avilable at jahnavisanskritejournal.in Issue 38 Vol- II Year 10. Date 16 July, 2019. UGC RN -41039 Ātmānātmavivekaḥ kartavayo bandhamuktaye viduṣā/ Nānyo’sti panthā bhavabandhamukte- Tenaivānandī bhavati svaṁ vijñāya saccidānandam// 6 Vinā svatattvāvaamaṁ mumukṣoḥ// 11 Śaṅkarācārya says in his Ātmabodha that, the work The person who desires relief from this prison of of cooking is only possible by the existence of fire. the world, he should get free from the three strong Like this, liberation can be possible by acquiring desires which are like the strong iron chains and to the self realization. Because knowledge ruins the bind man’s feet. And one who becomes free from ignorance and purifies the heart. So salvation that, he can able to gain salvation (mukti or (mukti) cannot be gained without knowledge. The mokṣa). upaniṣadic description is like this. Saṁsāra kārāgṛhamokṣamiccho- ryomayaṁ pādanibandhaśṛṁkhalam/ Bodho’nyasādhanebhyo hi sākṣānmokṣaikasādhanam/ Vadanti tajjñāḥ patu vāsanātrayaṁ Pākasya vanhivacjñānaṁ vinā mokṣo na sidhyati/ /7 Yo’smādvimuktaḥ samupaiti muktim// 12 One who seeks salvation, he should purify his own But one who has the relation with ego which is mind definitely. After the purification of mind, the called as very wicked, there is not seen any least of salvation becomes very easy to get just like fruit talking about the salvation and that is also unique. on own hand. Yāvatsyātsvasya sambandho’haṁkāreṇa durāmanā/ Tāvanna leśamātrāpi muktivārtā vilakṣaṇā/ /13 Tanmanaḥ śodhanaṁ kāryaṁ prayatnena mumukṣuṇā/ Viśudhe sati caitasminmuktiḥ karaphalāyate// 8 With the stopping of own action is the cause of The mind of man is like a huge tiger in the forest sense object stopped and by which the desires of place of sense enjoyment. The persons who are men are automatically destroyed. The destruction saints, they should not go there, who desires mukti of own desires is the real liberation and which is especially.
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