DOCSLIB.ORG

Seven Wonders of the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seven Wonders of the World Seven Wonders of the World A. For each Wonder, choose a verb from destroy build the box and complete the information. construct be (2) Use Active and Passive verbs in Simple Past Tense. 4. The Colossus of Rhodes __________ a statue of the Greek - god of the sun Helios. make be locate It _____________ in the city of Rhodes, on build destroy the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. It __________ 1. The Temple of Artemis to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of ________________ a Greek temple for Cyprus. It ________________in the Goddess Artemis. It ____________ around earthquake of 226 BC and it ____________ 323 BC and it ________________ in one of the tallest statues of the ancient Ephesus (near the modern town of Selçuk world. in present-day Turkey). It _____________ of marble mostly. It ________________ by make destruct find Goths in 262. be represent put 5. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia build (2) destroy miss ______________ a giant seated figure, about 42 ft (13 m) tall. It ______________ 2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 ________________ in Babil province, Iraq BC in Olympia, Greece, and ____________ by Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife because in the Temple of Zeus there. It __________ she ________________ the green hills the god Zeus sitting on a throne ornamented with precious stones. It and valleys of her homeland. They ______ ] around 600 BC. However, they ________ ______________ during the 5th century. by an earthquake in the second century. No copy of the statue _______________, and details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins. damage build become be (3) survive be complete build 3. The Lighthouse of Alexandria ________________by the Ptolemaic 6. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest Kingdom between 280 and 247 BC in and largest of the three pyramids in Egypt Alexandria, Egypt and it ______________ and the only wonder that _______________. between 120 m and 137 m tall. It It _____________ as a tomb in 20 years ________________ one of the tallest man- and ____________ around 2560 BC. It is made structures on Earth for many 146.5 metres (481 feet), which is equal to a centuries. It _______ badly _____________ modern 48-story building. It ____________ by three earthquakes between 956 and the tallest man-made structure in the world 1323. It then ________________ an for over 3,800 years. It is composed of over abandoned ruin. 2 ½ million blocks of limestone, which weigh from 2 to 70 tons each. build destroy be (2) design 7. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus ______________ a tomb and it _______ between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus, (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a leader in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria. The structure ______________ by the Greek architects. The Mausoleum ______________ approximately 45 m (148 ft) tall. It ___________ by earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century. The site of the Mausoleum lies in ruins today. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparing and Contrasting the Athletic and Olympic Traditions of Then and Now
    Steven Solomon and Mikkos Minos*: Comparing and contrasting the athletic and Olympic traditions of then and now By: Ashley Westhem Stanford, Calif.—Coming off of a thrilling experience in the 2012 London Olympics, Australian track star and Stanford University student, Steven Solomon sat down with me to talk about his Olympic Journey. Because he is so willing to impart his knowledge regarding the Olympics in Ancient Greece, Mikkos Minos of Athens (circa 350 BC) was asked to weigh in on his time as an Olympic athlete as well. Why do you put your body through so much stress in the name of competitive sport? SS: “The reason an athlete pushes himself through such painful barriers is because of the intrinsic values we get from victory. It’s that unknown factor of not knowing what you can accomplish. And that’s something that is true from the first Olympiad to the last Olympiad. I think success motivates people, once you taste a little bit of success you want to continue to strive for more success. You’re dying while you’re doing it, but whilst you’re dying now, you’re going to convert that into performance on the track, or in the gym.” MM: It is true that success is everything to us as a way to avoid shame and so we push ourselves to extreme limits. I compete for the honor of my family and also to warrant comparison to the gods. Also, competition is the only thing I’ve ever known and athletics has basically been my life since I was a boy.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture
    ANTONIJE SHKOKLJEV SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN PREHISTORY CENTRAL BALKANS CRADLE OF AEGEAN CULTURE Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69
    [Show full text]
  • The First Solvay: 350 BC Aristotle's Assault on Plato
    The First Solvay: 350 BC Aristotle’s Assault on Plato by Susan J. Kokinda May 11—If one looks at the principles embedded in stein’s relativity, Planck’s quantum. and Vernadsky’s Plato’s scientific masterwork,Timaeus , especially from noösphere. But in the immediate foreground was Philo- the vantage point of the work of Einstein and Verna- laus of Croton (in Italy), the earliest Pythagorean from dsky in the Twentieth Century, one can understand why whom any fragments survive. (Fortunately, Philolaus the oligarchy had to carry out a brutal assault on Plato himself survived the arson-murder of most of the and his Academy, an assault led by Aristotle, which ul- second generation of Pythagoreans in Croton, and relo- timately resulted in the imposition of Euclid’s mind- cated to Greece.) In the footprints of those fragments deadening geometry on the world, and the millennia- walks the Timaeus. long set-back of Western civilization. Philolaus’ fragments are like a prelude to the inves- That the oligarchical enemy of mankind responds tigations which fill theTimaeus . And so, astronomy, ge- with brute force to those philosophers and scientists, ometry, and harmony were at the core of the work of who act on the basis of human creativity, was captured Plato’s Academy. Indeed, every member was given the in the opening of Aeschylus’ great tragedy, “Prometheus assignment of developing an hypothesis to account for Bound.” On orders from Zeus, the Olympian ruler, the motions of the heavenly bodies. Kratos (might) and Bios (force) oversaw Prometheus’ And it is to Philolaus that Johannes Kepler refers, in punishment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of Greek Cities in the First Millennium BC
    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Version 1.0 December 2005 Ian Morris Stanford University Abstract: In this paper I trace the growth of the largest Greek cities from perhaps 1,000- 2,000 people at the beginning of the first millennium BC to 400,000-500,000 at the millennium’s end. I examine two frameworks for understanding this growth: Roland Fletcher’s discussion of the interaction and communication limits to growth and Max Weber’s ideal types of cities’ economic functions. I argue that while political power was never the only engine of urban growth in classical antiquity, it was always the most important motor. The size of the largest Greek cities was a function of the population they controlled, mechanisms of tax and rent, and transportation technology. © Ian Morris. [email protected] 1 The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Ian Morris (Stanford) 1. Introduction Greece in 1000 BC was a world of villages. Most people lived in communities of just a few dozen souls; even the largest settlement, Athens (Figure 1), was probably just 3,000 to 4,000 strong. But at the millennium’s end, the Greek east Mediterranean boasted some of the largest cities in pre-industrial history. Alexandria, Antioch, and Seleucia-on-the- Tigris probably each had 250,000-500,000 inhabitants. Figure 1. Sites in the Aegean mentioned in this chapter In this chapter I discuss the size of Greek cities and the implications of their growth. I identify three major transitions: 2 Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • JIIA.Eu Journal of Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Archaeology
    JIIA.eu Journal of Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Archaeology The Masters of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Antonio Corso Kanellopoulos Foundation / Messenian Society, Psaromilingou 33, GR10553, Athens, Greece, phone +306939923573,[email protected] The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus is one of the most renowned monuments of the ancient world.1 Mausolus must have decided to set up his monumental tomb in the centre of his newly built capital toward the end of his life: he died in 353 BC.2 After his death, some writers who were renowned in the oratory – Theopompus, Theodectes, Naucrates and less certainly Isocrates – went to the Hecatomnid court at Halicarnassus and took part in the competition held in the capital of Caria in order to deliver the most convincing oration on the death of Mausolus. The agon was won by Theopompus.3 Poets had also been invited on the same occasion.4 After the death of this satrap, the Mausoleum was continued by his wife and successor Artemisia (353-351 BC) and finished after her death,5 thus during the rule of Ada and Idrieus (351-344 BC). The shape of the building is known only generically thanks to the detailed description of the monument given by Pliny 36. 30-31 as well as to surviving elements of the tomb. The Mausoleum was composed of a rectangular podium containing the tomb of the satrap, above which there was a temple-like structure endowed with a peristasis, which was topped by a pyramidal roof, made of steps and supporting a marble quadriga. The architects who had been responsible of the Mausoleum were Satyrus and Pytheus, who also wrote a treatise ‘About the Mausoleum’ (Vitruvius 7, praef.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wars of the Odrysian Kingdom Against Philip II (352–339
    UDC 930.84 (4— 12) YU ISSN 0350—7653 ACADEMIE SERBE DES SCIENCES ET DES ARTS INSTITUT DES ETUDES BALKANIQUES UDC 930.84 (4— 12) YU ISSN 0350—7653 ACADEMIE SERBE DES SCIENCES ET DES ARTS INSTITUT DES ETUDES BALKANIQUES BALCANICA ANNUAIRE DE L’INSTITUT DES ETUDES BALKANIQUES BALCANICA ANNUAIRE DE L’INSTITUTXXVI DES ETUDES BALKANIQUES XXVI Rédacteur NIKOLA TASIĆ Directeur de l’Institut des Etudes balkaniques SecrétaireRédacteur ALEKSANDARNIKOLA PALAVESTRA TASIĆ Directeur de l’Institut des Etudes balkaniques Membres de la Rédaction MtLUTIN GARAŠANIN,Secrétaire MILKA IVIĆ, ČEDOMIR POPOV, ANTHONY-EMILALEKSANDAR TACHIAOS PALAVESTRA (Thessalonique), DIMITRIJE ĐORĐEVIĆ (Santa Barbara), DRAGOSLAV ANTONIJEVIĆ, VESELIN ĐURETIĆ,Membres MIODRAG de la Rédaction STOJANOVIĆ MtLUTIN GARAŠANIN, MILKA IVIĆ, ČEDOMIR POPOV, ANTHONY-EMIL TACHIAOS (Thessalonique), DIMITRIJE ĐORĐEVIĆ (Santa Barbara),BELGRADE DRAGOSLAV ANTONIJEVIĆ, VESELIN ĐURETIĆ, MIODRAG1995 STOJANOVIĆ BELGRADE 1995 http://www.balcanica.rs UDC 938.1(093)"-03" Original Scholarly Work Kinl JORDANüV Instîtute of Thracology Sofia THE WARS OF THE ODRYSIAN KINGDOM AGAINST PHILIP II 352-339 BC Abstract:, The paper trace the dynamism of the complex military and politi- cćtl relations betvveen the Odrysian State and Philip П, vvhich are often the subject of brisk polemics in historiography. The military campaigns of the Macedonian niler in 352/331, 347/3346 and 342/341 BĆ, which resulted m a considérable weakening of the Odrysian kingdom, are investigated suc- cessively and in detail. The successes of Philip IL however, are not the sought reliable evidence about the existence of a stable Macedonian mili­ tant' and administrative mie in the lands betvveen the Haemus. the Aegean Sea and the Propontis, as some researchers are inchned to believe.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 HIST3105 War and Society in Ancient Greece, 750-350 BC This
    HIST3105 War and Society in Ancient Greece, 750-350 BC This course investigates all aspects of war in its social context in archaic and classical Greece – from the causes of conflict, via the question of how to train, raise, maintain, and control citizen and mercenary armies, to the range of forms of warfare from ritual clashes to campaigns of annihilation. In particular, the course tackles some of the myths current in modern scholarship: the notions that war was the ‘normal’ state of international relations in Greece; that the citizen army was an essentially ‘middle-class’ body; that warfare was restricted to a game-like competition in the archaic period and became a destructive ‘total’ conlict only in the classical period; that the Athenian navy drove the development of radical democracy; and that the ‘mercenary explosion’ of the fourth century was a result of economic and political crisis in the Greek city-states. How the Greeks fought has been much-debated in recent research, and this too will be the subject of detailed study. A crucial aim of the course is to provide an understanding of how Greek warfare was shaped by the social, economic, and cultural constraints of its time, how it developed, and why wars were so common in ancient Greece. Our main sources are long narrative accounts of wars which cannot be divided up into thematic sections corresponding to the main topics set out above: a single paragraph of Thucydides or Xenophon will contain information on several different topics. One of the challenges of studying Greek warfare is to assemble such disparate bits of evidence from a variety of passages and sources while still paying due attention to the context in which this material appears.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : Artemisia II Was a Satrap of Caria Between 353/352 and 351/350 BC
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα Μετάφραση : Κούτρας Νικόλαος Για παραπομπή : Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα , "Artemisia II", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7572> Περίληψη : Artemisia II was a satrap of Caria between 353/352 and 351/350 BC. She was the daughter of Hecatomnus, sister and spouse of Mausolus. During her reign she followed the same political principles as her husband, and managed to secure her satrapy, thwarting an apostasy attempt of the Rhodians. She continued the construction of the renowned Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and organized musical contests to honour the memory of her husband. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Late 5th cent. BC, Caria Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 351/350 BC, Halicarnassus Κύρια Ιδιότητα Satrap of Caria 1. Family Artemisia II was the daughter of Hecatomnus from Mylasa, sister and spouse of Mausolus, satrap of Caria. She had no children from her marriage with Mausolus. The couple were succeeded in power by their siblings Idrieus, Ada and Pixodarus.1 2. Activity During the reign of Mausolus in Caria (377/376-353/352 BC) Artemisia would have actively participated in the administration of the state. One could argue that the couple were, in a way, joint dynasts of Caria. This is confirmed by epigraphical finds – two decrees dating to Mausolus’reign. The first was unearthed in Labraunda and pertains to the ceding of privileges in Caria by Mausolus and to the Cretans of Cnossos by Artemisia. The second decree was discovered in Erythrae of Ionia, and refers to the granting of honours to Mausolus, who is proclaimed the city’s benefactor.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography A. Aaboe, Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics (Random House, New York, 1964) A.D. Aczel, Fermat’s Last Theorem: Unlocking the Secret of an Ancient Mathematical Problem (Four Walls Eight Windows, New York, 1996) D. Adamson, Blaise Pascal: Mathematician, Physicist, and Thinker About God (St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1995) R.P. Agarwal, H. Agarwal, S.K. Sen, Birth, Growth and Computation of Pi to ten trillion digits. Adv. Differ. Equat. 2013, 100 (2013) A.A. Al-Daffa’, The Muslim Contribution to Mathematics (Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1977) A.A. Al-Daffa’, J.J. Stroyls, Studies in the Exact Sciences in Medieval Islam (Wiley, New York, 1984) E.J. Aiton, Leibniz: A Biography (A. Hilger, Bristol, Boston, 1984) R.E. Allen, Greek Philosophy: Thales to Aristotle (The Free Press, New York, 1966) G.J. Allman, Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid (Arno Press, New York, 1976) E.N. da C. Andrade, Sir Issac Newton, His Life and Work (Doubleday & Co., New York, 1954) W.S. Anglin, Mathematics: A Concise History and Philosophy (Springer, New York, 1994) W.S. Anglin, The Queen of Mathematics (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995) H.D. Anthony, Sir Isaac Newton (Abelard-Schuman, New York, 1960) H.G. Apostle, Aristotle’s Philosophy of Mathematics (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952) R.C. Archibald, Outline of the history of mathematics.Am. Math. Monthly 56 (1949) B. Artmann, Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics (Springer, New York, 1999) C.N. Srinivasa Ayyangar, The History of Ancient Indian Mathematics (World Press Private Ltd., Calcutta, 1967) A.K. Bag, Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India (Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1979) W.W.R.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of the Olympic
    A Brief History of the Olympic Games BHOA01 1 16/4/04, 4:42 PM Brief Histories of the Ancient World This new series offers concise, accessible, and lively accounts of central aspects of the ancient world. Each book is written by an acknowledged expert in the field and provides a compelling over- view, for readers new to the subject and specialists alike. Published A Brief History of the Olympic Games David C. Young In Preparation A Brief History of Astrology Roger Beck A Brief History of Oracles, Divination, and Prophecy Sarah Iles Johnston BHOA01 2 16/4/04, 4:42 PM A Brief History of the Olympic Games David C. Young BHOA01 3 16/4/04, 4:42 PM © 2004 by David C. Young BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148–5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of David C. Young to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Young, David C. A brief history of the Olympic games / David C. Young. p. cm. — (Brief histories of the ancient world) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Chairs, Beds, and Tables: Evidence for Furnished Interiors in Hellenistic
    HESPERIA 75 (2006) CHAIRS, BEDS, AND Pages 21?-266 TABLES Evidence for Furnished Interiors in Hellenistic Greece ABSTRACT This study presents the archaeological evidence for chairs, beds, and tables from excavated domestic and funerary contexts in Greece dating from the b.c. 4th to the 1st century The author's principal aim is to present and analyze the evidence for domestic furniture in its primary location, and to discuss issues related to the of interior organization space. Because tombs often preserve furniture and furnishings in good condition, the evidence they provide is as carefully examined well. Methodological issues concerning the limitations of textual and iconographie evidence and the state of publication of so-called minor are also objects addressed. EVIDENCE AND METHODS two In the last decades, the study of domestic complexes and household oikonomia has attracted a number of scholars who have turned their atten to tion household environments and daily life. Domestic architecture, the areas are identification of space, and the analysis of gendered all subjects of current One area that has been scholarship. considerably neglected, however, is the material record of furniture and furnishings found inside the house, to on as the study of which promises shed light issues such interior design, use household organization, and the of space.1 1. This article is the first of two covered in detail in a to greater separate Special thanks go the Athenian the author's doctoral in I am the Ecole drawing upon study (to appear Hesperia). Agora Excavations, fran?aise thesis on the to domestic furniture and grateful the American School of d'Ath?nes, the Ecole suisse d'arch?o at en furnishings of Late Classical and Classical Studies Athens for facili logie Gr?ce, and the individual research with a excavators in Hellenistic Greece (Andrianou 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline
    The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline D. D. Kosambi Preface 1. THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1.1. The Indian Scene 1.2. The Modern Ruling Class 1.3. The Difficulties Facing the Historian 1.4. The Need to Study Rural and Tribal Society 1.5. The Villages 1.6. Recapitulation 2. PRIMITIVE LIFE AND PREHISTORY 2.1. The Golden Age 2.2. Prehistory and Primitive Life 2.3. Prehistoric Man in India 2.4. Primitive Survivals in the Means of Production 2.5. Primitive Survivals in the Superstructure 3. THE FIRST CITIES 3.1. The Discovery of the Indus Culture 3.2. Production in the Indus Culture 3.3. Special Features of the Indus Civilisation 3.4. The Social Structure 4. THE ARYANS 4.1. The Aryan Peoples 4.2. The Aryan Way of Life 4.3. Eastward Progress 4.4. Aryans after the Rigveda 4.5. The Urban Revival 4.6. The Epic Period 5. FROM TRIBE TO SOCIETY 5.1. The New Religions 5.2. The Middle Way 5.3. The Buddha and His Society 5.4. The Dark Hero of the Yadus 5.5. Kosala and Magadha 6. STATE AND RELIGION IN GREATER MAGADHA 6.1. Completion of the Magadhan Conquest 6.2. Magadhan Statecraft 6.3. Administration of the Land 6.4. The State and Commodity Production 6.5. Asoka and the Culmination of the Magadhan Empire 7. TOWARDS FEUDALISM 7.1. The New Priesthood 7.2. The Evolution of Buddhism 7.3. Political and Economic Changes 7.4. Sanskrit Literature and Drama Preface IT is doubtless more important to change history than to write it, just as it would be better to do something about the weather rather than merely talk about it.
    [Show full text]