Environmental Health Criteria 13 Carbon Monoxide

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Environmental Health Criteria 13 Carbon Monoxide Environmental Health Criteria 13 Carbon Monoxide Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Carbon monoxide (EHC 13, 1979) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 13 Carbon Monoxide This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of either the World Health Organization or the United Nations Environment Programme. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization World Health Organization Geneva, 1979 ISBN 92 4 154073 7 (c) World Health Organization 1979 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications, in part or in toto, application should be made to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR CARBON MONOXIDE 1. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES Page 1 of 105 Carbon monoxide (EHC 13, 1979) 1.1. Summary 1.1.1. Properties and analytical methods 1.1.2. Sources of environmental pollution 1.1.3. Environmental levels 1.1.4. Effects on experimental animals 1.1.5. Effects on man 1.1.6. Evaluation of health risk 1.2. Recommendations for further studies 2. CHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 2.1. Physical and chemical properties 2.2. Methods of measuring carbon monoxide in ambient air 2.3. Biological monitoring 3. SOURCES OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1. Natural occurrence 3.2. Man-made sources 4. ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSFORMATION 4.1. Atmospheric transport and diffusion 4.2. Environmental absorption and transformation 5. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND EXPOSURES 5.1. Ambient air concentrations and exposures 5.2. Indoor concentrations and exposure 5.3. Occupational exposure 5.4. Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in the general population 6. METABOLISM 6.1. Endogenous carbon monoxide production 6.2. Absorption 6.3. Reactions with body tissues and fluids 6.4. Excretion 7. EFFECTS ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 7.1. Species differences 7.2. Cardiovascular system and blood 7.3. Central nervous system 7.4. Behavioural changes and work performance 7.5. Adaptation 7.6. Embryonal, fetal, neonatal, and teratogenic effects 7.7. Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity 7.8. Miscellaneous changes 7.9. Interactions 8. EFFECTS ON MAN 8.1. Healthy subjects 8.1.1. Behavioural changes 8.1.2. Work performance and exercise 8.1.3. Adaptation 8.1.4. Effects on the cardiovascular system and other effects 8.1.5. Carboxyhaemoglobin levels resulting from exposure to methane-derived halogenated hydrocarbons 8.1.6. Levels and effects of carboxyhaemoglobin resulting Page 2 of 105 Carbon monoxide (EHC 13, 1979) from smoking 8.1.7. Interactions 8.2. High-risk groups 8.2.1. Individuals with cardiovascular and chronic obstructive lung disease 8.2.2. Anaemic individuals 8.2.3. Embryo, fetus, neonate, and infants 8.2.4. Individuals living at high altitudes 8.3. Summary table 9. EVALUATION OF HEALTH RISKS 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Exposure 9.2.1. Assessment of exposure 9.2.2. Endogenous production 9.2.3. Outdoor environmental exposure 9.2.4. Indoor exposure 9.2.5. Exposures related to traffic 9.2.6. Occupational exposure 9.2.7. Tobacco smoking 9.2.8. Multiple exposures 9.3. Effects 9.3.1. Cardiovascular system 9.3.1.1 Development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 9.3.1.2 Acute effects on existing heart illness 9.3.1.3 Acute effects on existing vascular disease 9.3.2. Nervous system 9.3.3. Work capacity 9.4. Recommended exposure limits 9.4.1. General population exposure 9.4.2. Working population exposure 9.4.3. Derived limits for carbon monoxide concentrations in air REFERENCES ANNEX 1 ANNEX 2 NOTE TO READERS OF THE CRITERIA DOCUMENTS While every effort has been made to present information in the criteria documents as accurately as possible without unduly delaying their publication, mistakes might have occurred and are likely to occur in the future. In the interest of all users of the environmental health criteria documents, readers are kindly requested to communicate any errors found to the Division of Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, in order that they may be included in corrigenda which will appear in subsequent volumes. In addition, experts in any particular field dealt with in the criteria documents are kindly requested to make available to the WHO Secretariat any important published information that may have inadvertently been omitted and which may change the evaluation of health risks from exposure to the environmental agent under examination, so that the information may be considered in the event of updating and re-evaluation of the conclusions contained in the criteria documents. Page 3 of 105 Carbon monoxide (EHC 13, 1979) WHO TASK GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR CARBON MONOXIDE Members Dr H. Buchwald, Assistant Deputy Minister, Alberta Department of Labour, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Chairman) Dr V.A. Cizikov, Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training, Moscow, USSR Dr E. Haak, Physiology Branch, Clinical Studies Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Dr P. Iordanidis, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Dr K. Ishikawa, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Dr V. Kodat, Hygiene Department, Ministry of Health of the Czech Socialist Republic, Prague, Czechoslovakia (Vice-Chairman) Dr K. Kurppa, Department of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland Professor P.J. Lawther, Clinical Section, Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, England Mr I.R.C. McDonald, Chemistry Division, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Petone, New Zealand (Rapporteur) Dr G. Winneke, Institute for Air Hygiene & Silicosis Research, Düsseldorf, Federal Republic of Germany Representatives of other organizations Mr J. Janczak, Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland Dr D. Djordjevic, International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland Mr C. Satkunanthan, International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals of the United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland Observers Dr J.J. Vostal, Biomedical Science Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI, USA Secretariat Mrs B. Goelzer, Scientist, Office of Occupational Health, Division of Noncommunicable Disease, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland Dr Y. Hasegawa, Medical Officer, Control of Environmental Pollution & Hazards, Division of Environmental Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland Dr R. Horton, Senior Research Adviser, Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (Temporary Adviser) Page 4 of 105 Carbon monoxide (EHC 13, 1979) Dr J. Korneev, Scientist, Control of Environmental Pollution & Hazards, Division of Environmental Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (Secretary) Dr H. de Koning, Scientist, Control of Environmental Pollution & Hazards, Division of Environmental Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland Dr M. Vandekar, Medical Officer, Pesticides Development & Safe Use, Division of Vector Biology & Control, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland Dr V.B. Vouk, Chief, Control of Environmental Pollution & Hazards, Division of Environmental Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR CARBON MONOXIDE A WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Carbon Monoxide met in Geneva from 11 to 17 October 1977. Dr V.B. Vouk, Chief, Control of Environmental Pollution and Hazards, opened the meeting on behalf of the Director-General. The Task Group reviewed and revised the second draft of the criteria document and made an evaluation of the health risks from exposure to carbon monoxide. The first and second drafts were prepared by Dr S.M. Horvath of the Institute of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. The comments on which the second draft was based were received from the national focal points for the WHO Environmental Health Criteria Programme in Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Netherlands, Poland, USSR, and USA and from the International Labour Organisation (ILO), Geneva, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna, the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health, the Commission
Recommended publications
  • Chemcomm Accepted Manuscript
    ChemComm Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/chemcomm Page 1 of 5 ChemComm Journal Name RSC Publishing COMMUNICATION Microemulsion Flame Pyrolysis for Hopcalite Nanoparticle Synthesis: A new Concept for Catalyst Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Preparation a a a ,a,b Received 00th January 2012, T. Biemelt , K. Wegner , J. Teichert and S. Kaskel * Accepted 00th January 2012 DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x www.rsc.org/ Manuscript A new route to highly active hopcalite catalysts via flame is characterised by the generation of combustible aerosols, spray pyrolysis of an inverse microemulsion precursor is containing volatile metal-organic precursors dissolved in a fuel. However, as a major drawback compared to often used metal reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study Document Number: EPA530-R-06-002
    MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study Document Number: EPA530-R-06-002 FROM: Matt Hale, Director Office of Solid Waste TO: State and Regional RCRA Waste Management Directors Users and Potential Users of Drum-Top Crusher Devices Lamp Recyclers and Manufacturers As part of ongoing efforts to encourage safe management of mercury-containing equipment and fluorescent lamps, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is releasing a Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study on the performance of mercury lamp drum-top crusher (DTC) devices. DTC devices fit on the top of a 55 gallon drum and crush fluorescent lamps into the drum below. DTC devices are designed to reduce the volume of waste lamps, while controlling the release of mercury vapors from crushed lamps. This volume reduction can facilitate storage and handling, decrease the possibility of subsequent breakage and release, and reduce shipping costs associated with fluorescent lamp recycling. We conducted the Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study in order to gain more information about the performance of DTC devices. The objective of the study was to evaluate how well four DTC devices contained mercury releases from crushed lamps, focusing on worker exposure to airborne mercury. The study provides current information on the performance of DTC devices. The report presents our findings, which we believe will be helpful to states, users of fluorescent lamps, and lamp recyclers in making more informed management decisions when recycling fluorescent lamps. For more information and a copy of the Study, visit <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/id/univwast/drumtop/drum-top.htm>. If you have any questions, please contact Greg Helms at (703) 308-8845 or Cathy Davis at (703) 308-7271.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving Air Compressor - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Diving Air Compressor from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    2/8/2014 Diving air compressor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Diving air compressor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A diving air compressor is a gas compressor that can provide breathing air directly to a surface-supplied diver, or fill diving cylinders with high-pressure air pure enough to be used as a breathing gas. A low pressure diving air compressor usually has a delivery pressure of up to 30 bar, which is regulated to suit the depth of the dive. A high pressure diving compressor has a delivery pressure which is usually over 150 bar, and is commonly between 200 and 300 bar. The pressure is limited by an overpressure valve which may be adjustable. A small stationary high pressure diving air compressor installation Contents 1 Machinery 2 Air purity 3 Pressure 4 Filling heat 5 The bank 6 Gas blending 7 References 8 External links A small scuba filling and blending station supplied by a compressor and Machinery storage bank Diving compressors are generally three- or four-stage-reciprocating air compressors that are lubricated with a high-grade mineral or synthetic compressor oil free of toxic additives (a few use ceramic-lined cylinders with O-rings, not piston rings, requiring no lubrication). Oil-lubricated compressors must only use lubricants specified by the compressor's manufacturer. Special filters are used to clean the air of any residual oil and water(see "Air purity"). Smaller compressors are often splash lubricated - the oil is splashed around in the crankcase by the impact of the crankshaft and connecting A low pressure breathing air rods - but larger compressors are likely to have a pressurized lubrication compressor used for surface supplied using an oil pump which supplies the oil to critical areas through pipes diving at the surface control point and passages in the castings.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Hopcalite Catalyst for Controlling Carbon Monoxide Emission at Cold-Start Emission Conditions
    journal of traffic and transportation engineering (english edition) 2019; 6 (5): 419e440 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/jtte Review Article Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions Subhashish Dey a,*, Ganesh Chandra Dhal a, Devendra Mohan a, Ram Prasad b a Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India b Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India highlights graphical abstract In the cold start period, the cata- lytic converter is entirely inactive, because the catalytic converter has not warmed up. The cold start phase is also depending upon the characteris- tics of vehicles. The amount of catalyst required to entrap the toxic pollutants throughout the cold-start period is usually much less than that needed in catalytic converters. Hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst could work very well at the low temper- ature, it can overcome the problem of cold-start emissions if used in a catalytic converter. article info abstract Article history: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas particularly to all leaving being present in the Received 19 March 2019 atmosphere. An estimate has shown that the vehicular exhaust contributes the largest Received in revised form source of CO pollution in developed countries. Due to the exponentially increasing number 12 June 2019 of automobile vehicles on roads, CO concentrations have reached an alarming level in Accepted 21 June 2019 urban areas. To control this vehicular exhaust pollution, the end-of-pipe-technology using Available online 6 September 2019 catalytic converters is recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • FACT SHEET for TRACE LEVEL CO MONITORING Principle Of
    Version 3.0 10/13/2004 FACT SHEET FOR TRACE LEVEL CO MONITORING Principle of Operation The current recommendation for the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) is the use of Non- dispersive Infrared (NDIR) with a gas filter correlation wheel. This procedure is identical to the current methodology used to measure CO, however, the trace level version must have a detector that is more sensitive, have tighter bench temperature control, be able to remove water and be able to adjust the baseline. Trace Level Modifications A number of modifications are made to the standard CO monitor to improve the detection limit for trace gas monitoring. Depending on the particular make, modifications should include the following: $ Required sample stream dried using permeation or Nafion Dryer; $ Analyzer baseline determined and corrected using heated palladium or hopcalite catalyst; $ Frequent auto-zero, at a minimum of once per hour, through the catalyst. Issues with the Method 1) Stable Detector It is important for the detector to be operated at a very stable temperature in order to measure in the ppb range. The detector and optical bench should be operated within +/- 1.0 degree Celsius to get a stable baseline. 2) Water interference Water is known to absorb in many wavelengths in the Infrared spectrum. Therefore, water must be removed from the sample stream before it is allowed to enter the optical bench. This is performed using Nafion or a permeation dryer. 3) CO2 interference Carbon Dioxide has been shown to be an interferent for CO. It is important that a narrow wavelength band be used to minimize these interferents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Choice of Precursors in the Synthesizing of Cumnox Catalysts for Maximizing CO Oxidation
    International Journal of Industrial Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/s40090-018-0150-7 RESEARCH The choice of precursors in the synthesizing of CuMnOx catalysts for maximizing CO oxidation Subhashish Dey1 · Ganesh Chandra Dhal1 · Devendra Mohan1 · Ram Prasad2 Received: 7 November 2017 / Accepted: 13 August 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst is a well-known catalyst for CO oxidation at a low temperature and it is synthesized by the co-precipitation method with diferent types of precursors. Activity of the CuMnOx catalysts for CO oxidation is strongly dependent upon the combination of precursors, ranking in order {Mn(Ac)2 + Cu(NO3)2} > {Mn(Ac)2 + Cu(Ac)2} > {Mn(N O3)2 + Cu(NO3)2} > {Mn(NO3)2 + Cu(AC)2}. All the precursors were precipitated by ­KMnO4 solution and the precursors mostly comprised of ­MnO2, ­Mn2O3 and CuO phases. Keeping the same precipitant while changing the precursors caused a change in the lattice oxygen mobility which infuenced the CO oxidation activity. The calcination strategy of the precur- sors has great infuence on the activity of resulting catalysts. The reactive calcination (RC) conditions produce multifarious phenomena of CO oxidation and the precursor decomposition in a single-step process. The activity order of the catalysts for CO oxidation was as follows: reactive calcination (RC) > fowing air > stagnant air. Therefore, we recommended that the RC route was the more appropriate calcination route for the production of highly active CuMnOx catalysts. All the catalysts were characterized by X-ray difraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders NIJ Guide 102–00 Volume I November 2002 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 John Ashcroft Attorney General Deborah J. Daniels Assistant Attorney General Sarah V. Hart Director, National Institute of Justice For grant and funding information, contact: Department of Justice Response Center 800–421–6770 Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders NIJ Guide 102-00, Volume I Dr. Alim A. Fatah1 John A. Barrett2 Richard D. Arcilesi, Jr.2 Charlotte H. Lattin2 Charles G. Janney2 Edward A. Blackman2 Coordination by: Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8102 Prepared for: National Institute of Justice Office of Science and Technology Washington, DC 20531 November 2002 This document was prepared under CBIAC contract number SPO-900-94-D-0002 and Interagency Agreement M92361 between NIST and the Department of Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). NCJ 191518 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards. 2Battelle Memorial Institute. National Institute of Justice Sarah V. Hart Director This guide was prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Divers Logbook Free
    FREE THE DIVERS LOGBOOK PDF Dean McConnachie,Christine Marks | 240 pages | 18 May 2006 | Boston Mills Press | 9781550464788 | English | Ontario, Canada Printable Driver Log Book Template - 5+ Best Documents Free Download A dive log is a record of the diving history of an underwater diver. The log may either be in a book, The Divers Logbook hosted softwareor web based. The log serves purposes both related to safety and personal records. Information in a log may contain the date, time and location, the profile of the diveequipment used, air usage, above and below water conditions, including temperature, current, wind and waves, general comments, and verification by the buddyinstructor or supervisor. In case of a diving accident, it The Divers Logbook provide valuable data regarding diver's previous experience, as well as the other factors that might have led to the accident itself. Recreational divers are generally advised to keep a logbook as a record, while professional divers may be legally obliged to maintain a logbook which is up to date and complete in its records. The professional diver's logbook is a legal document and may be important for getting employment. The required content and formatting of the professional diver's logbook is generally specified by the registration authority, but may also be specified by an industry association such as the International Marine Contractors Association IMCA. A more minimalistic log book for recreational divers The Divers Logbook are only interested in keeping a record of their accumulated experience total number of dives and total amount of time underwatercould just contain the first point of the above list and the maximum depth of the dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Operator's Manual High Pressure Breathing Air Compressors
    Operator’s Manual High Pressure Breathing Air Compressors Operator’s Manual INTRODUCTION This manual contains general information and instructions to operate and maintain high pressure breathing air compressor units. Before taking the compressor into operation it is essential to study the instruction manual of that compressor. All instructions should be observed and carried out in the order laid down to prevent damage and premature wear to the equipment and the units served by it. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the particulars contained in this manual, the manufacturing company will not, under any circumstances, be held liable for any inaccuracies or the conse- quences thereof. WARNING The breathing air produced with this high pressure compressor is sub- ject to strict quality standards.Ignoring the operating and maintenance instructions can lead to severe injury or in serious cases even death. We reserve the right to make changes to the technology of our com- pressors as well as to this accompanying documentation in accor- dance to technical progress. Edition January 2005 © 2005 BAUER Kompressoren GmbH, Munich All rights reserved. i Operator’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL ................................................................................... 1 1.1. PURPOSE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 1 1.2. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES ................................................................... 2 1.3. DESIGN AND MODE OF OPERATION ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation-Properties Relation of Mn-Cu Hopcalite Catalyst
    American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (2): 265-270, 2012 ISSN 1546-9239 © 2012 Science Publications Preparation-Properties Relation of Mn-Cu Hopcalite Catalyst Ardita Mele, Ilo Mele and Altin Mele Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania Abstract: Problem statement: The Mn-Cu hopcalite catalyst was used for the conversion of CO to CO 2 at low temperatures. It was the catalyst of choice in the gas masks for respiratory protection in mines, aircrafts, military, spatial laboratories. Approach: The efficiency of hopcalite catalyst depends on its surface parameters. Its surface characteristics can be influenced from the chosen way of the MnO 2 and CuO precipitation and from the pressure of pelletizing. Results: The hopcalite samples has been prepared by precipitation of MnO 2 and by adding CuSO 4 further in the solution the adsorption of 2+ Cu ions on MnO 2 particles surface is achieved. After acidification of the solution up to pH = 3 the copper is precipitated in form of Cu (OH) 2CuCO 3 by adding NaHCO 3. Precipitate was washed, dried, pressed, crushed, sieved (1-2 mm) and calcined at 180°C for 3 h. MnO 2 and hopcalite samples were characterized by XRD. The activity was evaluated by determination of its protection time and it was 610 min, better than activity of a commercial catalyst. Specific surface area, pore volume and density were measured by nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The X-Ray diffractograms shows that the only crystallinity of hopcalite comes from MnO 2, which is present mainly in amorphous form.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloodstream Ebook, Epub
    BLOODSTREAM PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tess Gerritsen | 496 pages | 21 Jul 2011 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007432431 | English | London, United Kingdom Bloodstream PDF Book Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. Retrieved 2 April Cardiologists are medical professionals which specialise in the heart, and cardiothoracic surgeons specialise in operating on the heart and its surrounding areas. In humans the only significant example is the hepatic portal vein which combines from capillaries around the gastrointestinal tract where the blood absorbs the various products of digestion; rather than leading directly back to the heart, the hepatic portal vein branches into a second capillary system in the liver. Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J. The circulatory system of the lungs is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen -depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery , to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein. Thalmann Jacques Triger. The song is so sick, so insane. American women of science since Download as PDF Printable version. Retrieved 27 May Navy diver U. Raid on Alexandria Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior. Bathysphere Defense against swimmer incursions Diver detection sonar Offshore survey Underwater domain awareness. Lymphatic vessel Lymph Lymph capillary. You can never have too much storage. Select "Bloodstream" in the "Filtra" field. The human arterial and venous systems develop from different areas in the embryo. Asylum Atlantic. For evaluation of the blood supply to the lungs a CT pulmonary angiogram may be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet According to Regulation (EU) No. 1907/2006 MSA AUER FSR
    Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EU) No. 1907/2006 MSA AUER FSR W65 D050020901 Revision no. : 2,00 Revision date : 13.05.2009 Print date : 13.05.2009 Page 1 of 5 1. Identification of the substance/preparation and of the company/undertaking Identification of the substance or MSA AUER FSR W65 preparation: Use of the substance/preparation: Respiratory protection Company/undertaking identification Company name: MSA AUER GmbH Street: Thiemannstrasse 1 Place: D-12059 Berlin Telephone: ++49-30-6886-0 Telefax: ++49-30-6886-1558 Emergency telephone: 1-800-255-3924 USA/CDN ++1-813-248-0585 internat. Further Information Apply Safety data sheet to the following products: Part-No. Product name 10064638 FSR W65-2 with belt loop 10064638CIS FSR W65-2 with belt loop D1035701 W65-2 Filter Self-rescuer D1090701 W65 (AUS) Filter Self-rescuer D1090703 W65 (USA) Filter Self-rescuer D1090705 W65 (Spain) Filter Self-rescuer D1090997 W65 Filter Pot, completely (India) 2. Hazards identification Classification: As an article the product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC-directives or respective national laws. Explication of special hazards for In case of release of the activated carbon: The exotherm human health and environment: reaction to results from strong oxidizer. Harmful if swallowed. During release of hopcalite: Harmful if swallowed. 3. Composition/information on ingredients Chemical characterization: ( Mixture ) Article, contains: impregnated activated charcoal, hopcalite. Hopcalite: see own safety data sheet. Impregnated activated charcoal contains: lithium bromide, calcium bromide Further Information: No harmful substances will be released in case of normal use. 4. First aid measures General information: In case of release of the activated carbon: Remove soiled clothing.
    [Show full text]