Aerobic and Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Sediments of Lake Constance
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Gas Fermentation of C1 Feedstocks: Commercialization Status and Future Prospects
Review Gas fermentation of C1 feedstocks: commercialization status and future prospects Leonardo V. Teixeira, Liza F. Moutinho, and Aline S. Romão-Dumaresq, SENAI Innovation Institute for Biosynthetics, Technology Center for Chemical and Textile Industry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Received December 04, 2017; revised June 04, 2018; accepted June 05, 2018 View online at Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com); DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1912; Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. (2018) Abstract: The increasing emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and carbon oxide (collectively referred as C1 compounds) are likely to configure a major contribution to global warming and other envi- ronmental issues. The implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy to prevent global warming, but the overall costs of currently available CCS technologies are still prohibitive for its large-scale deployment. Using microorganisms capable of assimilating C1 com- pounds for producing value-added products could be an important driver for mitigating emissions and minimizing their deleterious consequences, while simultaneously deriving additional economic benefits from these compounds. This review summarizes the main microorganisms and metabolic routes being investigated, with special focus on both the products targeted and the current industrial initiatives. There are a number of companies investing in these routes and in some instances commercial deploy- ment was identified. Despite the variety of commercially-appealing products, genetic manipulation -
Discovery, Taxonomic Distribution, and Phenotypic Characterization of a Gene Required for 3-Methylhopanoid Production
Discovery, taxonomic distribution, and phenotypic characterization of a gene required for 3-methylhopanoid production The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Welander, P. V., and R. E. Summons. “Discovery, Taxonomic Distribution, and Phenotypic Characterization of a Gene Required for 3-methylhopanoid Production.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.32 (2012): 12905–12910. CrossRef. Web. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208255109 Publisher National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77589 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Discovery, taxonomic distribution, and phenotypic characterization of a gene required for 3-methylhopanoid production Paula V. Welander1 and Roger E. Summons Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E25-629, Cambridge, MA 02139 Edited by John M. Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Berkeley, CA, and approved July 2, 2012 (received for review May 15, 2012) Hopanoids methylated at the C-3 position are a subset of bacterial majority of C-3 methylated hopanoid producers are aerobic triterpenoids that are readily preserved in modern and ancient se- methanotrophs. However, the production of 3-methylhopanoids diments and in petroleum. The production of 3-methylhopanoids has also been demonstrated in the acetic acid bacteria (12) indi- by extant aerobic methanotrophs and their common occurrence cating that the taxonomic distribution of 3-methylhopanoids is in modern and fossil methane seep communities, in conjunction not restricted to methanotrophs. -
Comparison of Community Structures of Candidatus Methylomirabilis Oxyfera-Like Bacteria of NC10 Phylum in Different Freshwater Habitats
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparison of community structures of Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera-like Received: 09 March 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2016 bacteria of NC10 phylum in Published: 09 May 2016 different freshwater habitats Li-dong Shen1,2, Hong-sheng Wu1,2, Zhi-qiu Gao3,4, Xu Liu2 & Ji Li2 Methane oxidation coupled to nitrite reduction is mediated by ‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the NC10 phylum. In this study, the community composition and diversity of M. oxyfera-like bacteria of NC10 phylum were examined and compared in four different freshwater habitats, including reservoir sediments (RS), pond sediments (PS), wetland sediments (WS) and paddy soils (PAS), by using Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The recovered NC10-related sequences accounted for 0.4–2.5% of the 16S rRNA pool in the examined habitats, and the highest percentage was found in WS. The diversity of NC10 bacteria were the highest in RS, medium in WS, and lowest in PS and PAS. The observed number of OTUs (operational taxonomic unit; at 3% cut-off) were 97, 46, 61 and 40, respectively, in RS, PS, WS and PAS. A heterogeneous distribution of NC10 bacterial communities was observed in the examined habitats, though group B members were the dominant bacteria in each habitat. The copy numbers of NC10 bacterial 16S rRNA genes ranged between 5.8 × 106 and 3.2 × 107 copies g−1 sediment/soil in the examined habitats. These results are helpful for a systematic understanding of NC10 bacterial communities in different types of freshwater habitats. Methane (CH4) is the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, and responsible for ~20% of the current greenhouse effect1. -
Chemcomm Accepted Manuscript
ChemComm Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/chemcomm Page 1 of 5 ChemComm Journal Name RSC Publishing COMMUNICATION Microemulsion Flame Pyrolysis for Hopcalite Nanoparticle Synthesis: A new Concept for Catalyst Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Preparation a a a ,a,b Received 00th January 2012, T. Biemelt , K. Wegner , J. Teichert and S. Kaskel * Accepted 00th January 2012 DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x www.rsc.org/ Manuscript A new route to highly active hopcalite catalysts via flame is characterised by the generation of combustible aerosols, spray pyrolysis of an inverse microemulsion precursor is containing volatile metal-organic precursors dissolved in a fuel. However, as a major drawback compared to often used metal reported. -
Comparative Genomics of Candidatus Methylomirabilis Species and Description of Ca. Methylomirabilis Lanthanidiphila
Delft University of Technology Comparative genomics of Candidatus Methylomirabilis species and description of Ca. Methylomirabilis lanthanidiphila Versantvoort, Wouter; Guerrero-Cruz, Simon; Speth, Daan R.; Frank, Hans; Gambelli, Lavinia; Cremers, Geert; van Alen, Theo; Jetten, Mike S.M.; Kartal, Boran; Op den Camp, Huub J.M. DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01672 Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version Published in Frontiers in Microbiology Citation (APA) Versantvoort, W., Guerrero-Cruz, S., Speth, D. R., Frank, J., Gambelli, L., Cremers, G., ... Reimann, J. (2018). Comparative genomics of Candidatus Methylomirabilis species and description of Ca. Methylomirabilis lanthanidiphila. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(July), [1672]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01672 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. fmicb-09-01672 July 24, 2018 Time: 12:49 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 24 July 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01672 Comparative Genomics of Candidatus Methylomirabilis Species and Description of Ca. -
Bacterial Oxygen Production in the Dark
HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY ARTICLE published: 07 August 2012 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00273 Bacterial oxygen production in the dark Katharina F. Ettwig*, Daan R. Speth, Joachim Reimann, Ming L. Wu, Mike S. M. Jetten and JanT. Keltjens Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands Edited by: Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are among nature’s most powerful electron Boran Kartal, Radboud University, acceptors. In recent years it became clear that microorganisms can take advantage of Netherlands the oxidizing power of these compounds to degrade aliphatic and aromatic hydrocar- Reviewed by: bons. For two unrelated bacterial species, the “NC10” phylum bacterium “Candidatus Natalia Ivanova, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA Methylomirabilis oxyfera” and the γ-proteobacterial strain HdN1 it has been suggested Carl James Yeoman, Montana State that under anoxic conditions with nitrate and/or nitrite, monooxygenases are used for University, USA methane and hexadecane oxidation, respectively. No degradation was observed with *Correspondence: nitrous oxide only. Similarly, “aerobic” pathways for hydrocarbon degradation are employed − Katharina F.Ettwig, Department of by (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria, which are known to produce oxygen from chlorite (ClO ). Microbiology, Institute for Water and 2 Wetland Research, Radboud In the anaerobic methanotroph M. oxyfera, which lacks identifiable enzymes for nitrogen University Nijmegen, formation, substrate activation in the presence of nitrite was directly associated with both Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ oxygen and nitrogen formation. These findings strongly argue for the role of NO, or an Nijmegen, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] oxygen species derived from it, in the activation reaction of methane. -
Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study Document Number: EPA530-R-06-002
MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study Document Number: EPA530-R-06-002 FROM: Matt Hale, Director Office of Solid Waste TO: State and Regional RCRA Waste Management Directors Users and Potential Users of Drum-Top Crusher Devices Lamp Recyclers and Manufacturers As part of ongoing efforts to encourage safe management of mercury-containing equipment and fluorescent lamps, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is releasing a Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study on the performance of mercury lamp drum-top crusher (DTC) devices. DTC devices fit on the top of a 55 gallon drum and crush fluorescent lamps into the drum below. DTC devices are designed to reduce the volume of waste lamps, while controlling the release of mercury vapors from crushed lamps. This volume reduction can facilitate storage and handling, decrease the possibility of subsequent breakage and release, and reduce shipping costs associated with fluorescent lamp recycling. We conducted the Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study in order to gain more information about the performance of DTC devices. The objective of the study was to evaluate how well four DTC devices contained mercury releases from crushed lamps, focusing on worker exposure to airborne mercury. The study provides current information on the performance of DTC devices. The report presents our findings, which we believe will be helpful to states, users of fluorescent lamps, and lamp recyclers in making more informed management decisions when recycling fluorescent lamps. For more information and a copy of the Study, visit <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/id/univwast/drumtop/drum-top.htm>. If you have any questions, please contact Greg Helms at (703) 308-8845 or Cathy Davis at (703) 308-7271. -
Diving Air Compressor - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Diving Air Compressor from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
2/8/2014 Diving air compressor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Diving air compressor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A diving air compressor is a gas compressor that can provide breathing air directly to a surface-supplied diver, or fill diving cylinders with high-pressure air pure enough to be used as a breathing gas. A low pressure diving air compressor usually has a delivery pressure of up to 30 bar, which is regulated to suit the depth of the dive. A high pressure diving compressor has a delivery pressure which is usually over 150 bar, and is commonly between 200 and 300 bar. The pressure is limited by an overpressure valve which may be adjustable. A small stationary high pressure diving air compressor installation Contents 1 Machinery 2 Air purity 3 Pressure 4 Filling heat 5 The bank 6 Gas blending 7 References 8 External links A small scuba filling and blending station supplied by a compressor and Machinery storage bank Diving compressors are generally three- or four-stage-reciprocating air compressors that are lubricated with a high-grade mineral or synthetic compressor oil free of toxic additives (a few use ceramic-lined cylinders with O-rings, not piston rings, requiring no lubrication). Oil-lubricated compressors must only use lubricants specified by the compressor's manufacturer. Special filters are used to clean the air of any residual oil and water(see "Air purity"). Smaller compressors are often splash lubricated - the oil is splashed around in the crankcase by the impact of the crankshaft and connecting A low pressure breathing air rods - but larger compressors are likely to have a pressurized lubrication compressor used for surface supplied using an oil pump which supplies the oil to critical areas through pipes diving at the surface control point and passages in the castings. -
Application of Hopcalite Catalyst for Controlling Carbon Monoxide Emission at Cold-Start Emission Conditions
journal of traffic and transportation engineering (english edition) 2019; 6 (5): 419e440 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/jtte Review Article Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions Subhashish Dey a,*, Ganesh Chandra Dhal a, Devendra Mohan a, Ram Prasad b a Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India b Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India highlights graphical abstract In the cold start period, the cata- lytic converter is entirely inactive, because the catalytic converter has not warmed up. The cold start phase is also depending upon the characteris- tics of vehicles. The amount of catalyst required to entrap the toxic pollutants throughout the cold-start period is usually much less than that needed in catalytic converters. Hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst could work very well at the low temper- ature, it can overcome the problem of cold-start emissions if used in a catalytic converter. article info abstract Article history: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas particularly to all leaving being present in the Received 19 March 2019 atmosphere. An estimate has shown that the vehicular exhaust contributes the largest Received in revised form source of CO pollution in developed countries. Due to the exponentially increasing number 12 June 2019 of automobile vehicles on roads, CO concentrations have reached an alarming level in Accepted 21 June 2019 urban areas. To control this vehicular exhaust pollution, the end-of-pipe-technology using Available online 6 September 2019 catalytic converters is recommended. -
Gas Fermentation at Calysta
Gas Fermentation at Calysta Intro for REMEDY workshop October 20, 2020 Gas Fermentation is the Next Step in Industrial Biotech • Lower cost feedstocks are needed for biological products to compete with petroleum derivatives • C1 feedstocks (CH4, CO, CO2) are accepted to be among the cheapest sources of carbon • C1 feedstocks are generally pollutants, with significant safety and solubility issues compared to traditional biofeedstocks • Calysta owns the world’s only commercially-validated gas fermentation technology allowing use of C1 feedstocks 22/10/2020 2 Calysta’s Methanotroph Platform Methylococcus capsulatus Bath • Gammaproteobacteria, type I methanotroph • Relatively fast growth rate (methane:oxygen mix) • Genome sequence available • Amenable to genetic manipulation • Only methanotroph proven at commercial scale • Variety of formats for strain testing: well plates, pressure bottles, 2L fermenters • Amended media and optimized feeding strategies produce high cell densities in small scale. 22/10/2020 3 3 Calysta’s Platform: Strain Engineering Calysta has developed a set of novel engineering tools for methanotrophs: • Reporter genes Different promoter gene-fusions with synthetic fluorescent and chromogenic proteins (non-Aequorea) expressed in M. capsulatus • Plasmids that replicate both in methanotrophs and in E. coli • Constitutive and inducible (low/med/high) promoters • Techniques for chromosomal knockin and knockouts 4 Calysta Performs Methanotrophic Fermentation at All Scales Fermentors High Throughput TPP NorFerm Commercial Plant -
FACT SHEET for TRACE LEVEL CO MONITORING Principle Of
Version 3.0 10/13/2004 FACT SHEET FOR TRACE LEVEL CO MONITORING Principle of Operation The current recommendation for the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) is the use of Non- dispersive Infrared (NDIR) with a gas filter correlation wheel. This procedure is identical to the current methodology used to measure CO, however, the trace level version must have a detector that is more sensitive, have tighter bench temperature control, be able to remove water and be able to adjust the baseline. Trace Level Modifications A number of modifications are made to the standard CO monitor to improve the detection limit for trace gas monitoring. Depending on the particular make, modifications should include the following: $ Required sample stream dried using permeation or Nafion Dryer; $ Analyzer baseline determined and corrected using heated palladium or hopcalite catalyst; $ Frequent auto-zero, at a minimum of once per hour, through the catalyst. Issues with the Method 1) Stable Detector It is important for the detector to be operated at a very stable temperature in order to measure in the ppb range. The detector and optical bench should be operated within +/- 1.0 degree Celsius to get a stable baseline. 2) Water interference Water is known to absorb in many wavelengths in the Infrared spectrum. Therefore, water must be removed from the sample stream before it is allowed to enter the optical bench. This is performed using Nafion or a permeation dryer. 3) CO2 interference Carbon Dioxide has been shown to be an interferent for CO. It is important that a narrow wavelength band be used to minimize these interferents. -
The Choice of Precursors in the Synthesizing of Cumnox Catalysts for Maximizing CO Oxidation
International Journal of Industrial Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/s40090-018-0150-7 RESEARCH The choice of precursors in the synthesizing of CuMnOx catalysts for maximizing CO oxidation Subhashish Dey1 · Ganesh Chandra Dhal1 · Devendra Mohan1 · Ram Prasad2 Received: 7 November 2017 / Accepted: 13 August 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst is a well-known catalyst for CO oxidation at a low temperature and it is synthesized by the co-precipitation method with diferent types of precursors. Activity of the CuMnOx catalysts for CO oxidation is strongly dependent upon the combination of precursors, ranking in order {Mn(Ac)2 + Cu(NO3)2} > {Mn(Ac)2 + Cu(Ac)2} > {Mn(N O3)2 + Cu(NO3)2} > {Mn(NO3)2 + Cu(AC)2}. All the precursors were precipitated by KMnO4 solution and the precursors mostly comprised of MnO2, Mn2O3 and CuO phases. Keeping the same precipitant while changing the precursors caused a change in the lattice oxygen mobility which infuenced the CO oxidation activity. The calcination strategy of the precur- sors has great infuence on the activity of resulting catalysts. The reactive calcination (RC) conditions produce multifarious phenomena of CO oxidation and the precursor decomposition in a single-step process. The activity order of the catalysts for CO oxidation was as follows: reactive calcination (RC) > fowing air > stagnant air. Therefore, we recommended that the RC route was the more appropriate calcination route for the production of highly active CuMnOx catalysts. All the catalysts were characterized by X-ray difraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy technique.