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AMBROSIA BEETLE WORKING GROUP 2019 RESEARCH MEETING PROCEEDINGS AND PLANNING WORKSHOP Student Learning Center University of Georgia – Griffin Oct. 15, 2019 Hosted and Sponsored by: 1 Local Arrangements Committee Dr. Angelita Acebes-Doria Dr. Shimat Joseph Local Arrangements Support Pamela Halliday Beth Horne Samantha Thompson Donna Lynn Maynard Jenny Granberry Lee Taylor 2 Disclaimers This conference proceeding resulted from the Ambrosia Beetle Working Group Research Meeting and Planning Workshop held at the University of Georgia, Griffin, GA. Trade and company names mentioned by contributors are solely to provide specific information and do not constitute a warranty or endorsement to the exclusion of other products or organizations not mentioned by workshop participants or their institutions. The information published in this proceeding has not been subjected to peer review, but was assembled to facilitate information exchange. Data may be preliminary. Consequently, authors should be consulted before use as a reference citation. The content provided is the exclusive property of the individual author(s) and author(s) must be given proper credit for their ideas if cited. 3 Table of Contents Page Ambrosia Beetle Meeting Flyer 5 Ambrosia Beetle Meeting Agenda 6 Abstracts and Papers 8 Ambrosia Beetle Ecology, Pest Status and Management in Tree Ornamental Systems 8 Ambrosia Beetle Behavior and Ecology: What We Know from Ornamental Nurseries 14 Ambrosia Beetle Ecology and Management in Tree Fruit Systems in NY 15 Preliminary Studies on Ambrosia Beetles in Georgia's Ornamental, Tree Fruit and Tree Nut Systems 17 Evaluation of Fungicides and Biofungicide to Control Phytophthora Root Rot and Ambrosia Beetles on Flood-stressed Flowering Dogwoods 23 Entomopathogens: Potential for Ambrosia Beetle Control 28 Priorities and Critical Needs Identified during the Meeting 30 Conference Attendees 31 4 5 6 Ambrosia Beetle Working Group Meeting Location: Student Learning Center University of Georgia – Griffin Date: Oct. 15, 2019 Time Presenter Affiliation Title/Topic 7:30 - 8:00 Registration 8:00 - 8:15 Dr. Angel Acebes Univ. of Georgia Welcome/Objectives/Agenda 8:15 - 8:30 Dr. Jiri Hulcr Univ. of Florida Overview on ambrosia beetle systematics and taxonomy 8:30 - 8:45 Dr. Chris Ranger Agricultural Research Ambrosia beetle behavior and ecology: Service - USDA Ohio what we know so far 8:45-9:00 Dr. Jason Oliver Tennessee State Ambrosia beetle ecology, pest status and Univ. management in tree ornamental systems 9:00 - 9:30 Drs. Art Agnello Cornell University Ambrosia beetle ecology and and Jim and management in tree fruit systems (NY Walgenbach North Carolina State and NC) University 9:30 - 9:45 Drs. Angel University of Georgia Preliminary studies on ambrosia beetles Acebes, Shimat in Georgia's ornamental, tree fruit and Joseph and Brett tree nut systems Blaauw 9:45 - 10:00 Dr. Juang-Hong Clemson University Ambrosia beetle pest status and research Chong updates in South Carolina 10:00 - 10:15 Other state/ Multiple Discussion on the pest status of ambrosia commodity beetles in other states reports ambrosia beetle as a pest 10:15 - 10:30 Break 10:30 - 10:45 Dr. Sara Villani North Carolina State Ambrosia beetles and microbial pathogen University association 10:45 - 11:00 Dr. Fulya Baysal- Tennessee State Control of ambrosia beetles using Gurel University fungicides and biofungicides Time Presenter Affiliation Title/Topic 7 11:00 - 11:15 Dr. David Shapiro- Agricultural Research Entomopathogens: potential for Ilan Service – USDA Byron ambrosia beetle control 11:15 - 11:30 Brent Short Trece Inc. Studies on monitoring for ambrosia beetles: an industry perspective 11:30 - 12:00 Grower Multiple Grower/nursery owner issues with Roundtable ambrosia beetles 12:00 - 1:00 Lunch 1:00 - 1:30 Group Discussion Multiple Beetle activity, infestation behavior and on Current pest status (economic and acreage Knowledge and losses) Knowledge Gaps 1:30 - 2:00 Group Discussion Multiple What worked and what did not work? on Current - Monitoring: traps, lures, etc. Knowledge and - Insecticidal efficacy protocols Knowledge Gaps 2:00 - 3:00 Group Discussion Multiple What worked and what did not work? on Current Management options: Knowledge and - Chemical Control Knowledge Gaps - Biological Control - Cultural Control - Other 3:00 - 3:15 Break 3:15 - 3:45 Group Discussion Multiple Identifying key grower and research priorities, brainstorming 3:45 - 4:45 Group Discussion Multiple - Organizing key research priorities and assigning group leaders for leading research projects - Identifying the most suitable research grant for submission 4:45 - 5:00 Angel Acebes University of Georgia Wrap up and Closing Remarks Snacks, beverages and lunch (taco bar) will be provided. ZOOM ATTENDEES: https://zoom.us/j/116806169 Meeting ID: 116 806 169 One-Tap Mobile +16468769923, 116806169# US (New York) +16699006833, 116806169# US (San Jose) Photo Credit: Jiri Hulcr 8 Ambrosia Beetle Ecology, Pest Status and Management in Tree Ornamental Systems Jason Oliver,1 Karla Addesso,1 Fulya Baysal-Gurel,1 Vivek Ojha,1 Matthew Brown,1 Nadeer Youssef,1 Paul O’Neal,1 Christopher Ranger,2 Michael Reding,2 Alicia Bray,3 Peter Schultz,4 Christopher Werle,5 Blair Sampson,5 Jesse Saroli,6 and Agenor Mafra-Neto6 1Tennessee State University, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN ([email protected]). 2USDA-ARS Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, Wooster, OH. 3Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT. 4Virginia Tech, Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Education Center, Virginia Beach, VA. 5USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, MS. 6ISCA Technologies, Inc. Riverside, CA. Ambrosia beetles are significant pests of ornamental nurseries under the right conditions. There are a number of non-indigenous species that routinely impact nurseries. Two species in particular are the granulate ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus crassiusculus [Motschulsky]) (GAB) and the black stem borer (Xylosandrus germanus [Blandford]) (BSB). Both of these species have become widespread in the eastern United States since their introductions into South Carolina (~1974) and New York (~1932), respectively. New Scolytinae species continue to pose a risk to nurseries and other forest-related industries due to relatively high rates of introduction via solid wood-packing materials and other forest products. For example, the camphor shot borer (Cnestus mutilatus [Blandford]) (CSB) introduced into Mississippi about 1999 has recently caused issues with dogwood production in Tennessee. The polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus [Eichhoff]) has been a serious issue in landscape trees in California and Anisandrus maiche Stark now occurs in Ohio, Pennslyvania, and Virginia with reported nursery attacks (Ranger et al. 2016). Many of these species are highly polyphagous because they are not actually feeding on the tree host, but rather on the symbiont fungus that is inoculated in their galleries. Most of these species are attracted to stressed trees, which are common in nursery production systems where high numbers of diverse tree species may be grown in field locations that are sub-optimal or with production practices that are unfavorable for growth (e.g., non- irrigated, over-irrigated, low quality container substrates, excess root pruning, planting too deep, wrong hardiness zone, etc.). Flood stress or freeze damage (from early or late frosts) has become increasingly problematic for some locations due to variability in weather patterns from climatic shifts. Flood or freeze damage are both known to induce the production of ethanol, especially in flood intolerant trees or in trees that are not properly winterized, which in turn often induces attacks by pest ambrosia beetle species that utilize ethanol as a kairomone. This presentation summarized current management options and several research projects that evaluated manipulations of ambrosia beetle ecology and behavior to improve management. A key step in all ambrosia beetle management is the avoidance of plant stress. Although some weather-related field conditions are unavoidable in nurseries, prevention of tree stress and ambrosia beetle attacks begins by planting trees species and cultivars that are adapted to the plant hardiness zone, planting trees in suitable locations (e.g., avoiding flood-prone areas for flood intolerant species like redbud and dogwood), minimizing damage to plants, planting at the 9 correct depth to prevent root oxygen starvation, elimination of fertilization after July to ensure fall plant growth ceases for proper winterization, proper irrigation levels for each tree species, protecting the non-hardy tree roots from winter damage, etc. Since ambrosia beetles are already difficult to control with conventional insecticides, avoidance of stress via proper plant maintenance and protection is always the first step in ambrosia beetle management. A second key management step is determining the activity timing of adult ambrosia beetles, which directly relates to tree risk, scouting, and treatment decisions. Historically, trees in a dormant state when adult ambrosia beetles are active in the spring are more vulnerable to attack. Likewise, certain trees are more frequently attacked like Bradford pear, cherry (‘Kwanzan’), dogwood, crape myrtle, golden rain tree, redbud, purple plum, and styrax; thus necessitating
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  • Redbay Ambrosia Beetle-Laurel Wilt Pathogen: a Potential Major Problem for the Florida Avocado Industry1

    Redbay Ambrosia Beetle-Laurel Wilt Pathogen: a Potential Major Problem for the Florida Avocado Industry1

    HS1136 Redbay Ambrosia Beetle-Laurel Wilt Pathogen: A Potential Major Problem for the Florida Avocado Industry1 Jonathan H. Crane, Jorgé Peña, and J.L. Osborne2 Descriptions the redbay ambrosia beetle adults and larvae feed on the fungus. Of the many ambrosia beetle species in Ambrosia Beetles Florida, several Xylosandrus species attack avocado trees, but their boring and their associated fungi do not Ambrosia beetles are members of the insect tribe generally cause the entire tree to die (Atkinson and Xyleborini and are known for attacking various Peck, 1994; Bryant, 2007; Mayfield, 2007; Mayfield woody plants, causing some limb and stem dieback and Thomas, 2006). In contrast, the redbay ambrosia and sometimes plant death (Rabaglia et al., 2006; beetle and its associated fungus (which causes laurel Atkinson and Peck, 1994). There are at least 30 wilt; Raffaelea lauricola) can cause whole tree death species of ambrosia beetles in Florida, several of (Fraedrich et al., 2008). which are non-native (Thomas, 2007). Typically ambrosia beetles have a symbiotic relationship with a Most ambrosia beetles attack trees and shrubs fungus, and the beetles carry fungal spores on their that are stressed, dying, or dead. Plant stress may be bodies. the result of drought, flooding, freezing temperature damage, wind damage, or very poor cultural When the beetles bore into the sapwood of the practices. In contrast, some ambrosia beetles -- the host tree, the galleries formed from the beetle boring redbay ambrosia beetle included -- attack healthy are inoculated with the fungal spores, which then trees. More importantly, the fungus that causes laurel germinate and infect the host tissue (Atkinson and wilt, which accompanies this beetle, often causes tree Peck, 1994; Thomas, 2007).