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Ceasefires Sans Peace Process in Myanmar: the Shan State Army, 1989–2011
Asia Security Initiative Policy Series Working Paper No. 26 September 2013 Ceasefires sans peace process in Myanmar: The Shan State Army, 1989–2011 Samara Yawnghwe Independent researcher Thailand Tin Maung Maung Than Senior Research Fellow Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Singapore Asia Security Initiative Policy Series: Working Papers i This Policy Series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). The paper is an outcome of a project on the topic ‘Dynamics for Resolving Internal Conflicts in Southeast Asia’. This topic is part of a broader programme on ‘Bridging Multilevel and Multilateral Approaches to Conflict Prevention and Resolution’ under the Asia Security Initiative (ASI) Research Cluster ‘Responding to Internal Crises and Their Cross Border Effects’ led by the RSIS Centre for NTS Studies. The ASI is supported by the MacArthur Foundation. Visit http://www.asicluster3.com to learn more about the Initiative. More information on the work of the RSIS Centre for NTS Studies can be found at http://www.rsis.edu.sg/nts. Terms of use You are free to publish this material in its entirety or only in part in your newspapers, wire services, internet-based information networks and newsletters and you may use the information in your radio-TV discussions or as a basis for discussion in different fora, provided full credit is given to the author(s) and the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies, S. -
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Dekkhina and President U Win Myint Were and S: 25 of the District Detained
Current No. Name Sex /Age Father's Name Position Date of Arrest Section of Law Plaintiff Address Remark Condition Superintendent Myanmar Military Seizes Power Kyi Lin of and Senior NLD leaders S: 8 of the Export Special Branch, including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Dekkhina and President U Win Myint were and S: 25 of the District detained. The NLD’s chief Natural Disaster Administrator ministers and ministers in the Management law, (S: 8 and 67), states and regions were also 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F General Aung San State Counsellor (Chairman of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Penal Code - Superintendent House Arrest Naypyitaw detained. 505(B), S: 67 of Myint Naing Arrested State Counselor Aung the (S: 25), U Soe San Suu Kyi has been charged in Telecommunicatio Soe Shwe (S: Rangoon on March 25 under ns Law, Official 505 –b), Section 3 of the Official Secrets Secret Act S:3 Superintendent Act. Aung Myo Lwin (S: 3) Myanmar Military Seizes Power S: 25 of the and Senior NLD leaders Natural Disaster including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi Superintendent Management law, and President U Win Myint were Myint Naing, Penal Code - detained. The NLD’s chief 2 (U) Win Myint M U Tun Kyin President (Vice Chairman-1 of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Dekkhina House Arrest Naypyitaw 505(B), S: 67 of ministers and ministers in the District the states and regions were also Administrator Telecommunicatio detained. ns Law Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained. -
State and Region Parliaments
Collected and Presented by Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation (EMReF) State and Region Parliaments Vol.4 | Issue (96) Thursday, 5th March 2020 Yangon Region Hluttaw Draws Up Draft-Bill to Reduce Waste to Public Funds February 16, 2020 The Yangon Region Hluttaw is drafting a bill to reduce waste to public finance due to a lack of transparency and mismanagement of Yangon Region Government, Daw Sandar Min, the Chairwoman of Yangon Region Finance, Planning and Economic Committee, told Irrawaddy. The draft-bill entitled Yangon Region Funds and Investment Law has been drafted and it is being discussed in the chief justice office and Yangon Region Hluttaw Draft-Bill Committee. After that the Yangon Region Finance, Planning and Economic Committee is to meet with business people to obtain their feedbacks on the bill. The bill is written in order to regulate the expense of Yangon Region Government to reduce waste, to establish good management, to curb corruption in leasing and selling government-own assets, and to oversee that business deals are not given to a particular person or organisation, explained Daw Sandar Min. The bill includes clauses to ensure that government activities carried out with investments from the people must truely provide actions amount to breaching those settlers by Yangon Metropolitan services to benefit the people and regulations, Daw Sandar Min added. Development (YMD) which was government companies established The auditor-general’s report on established with public funds and by public fund must be audited by the 2016-17 and 2017-18 audit of spending the money against financial regional auditor general and the Yangon Region Government described rules and regulations of YMD were activities must be reported to the Yangon Region Government flaunting among the issues mentioned in the hluttaw. -
Reform in Myanmar: One Year On
Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°136 Jakarta/Brussels, 11 April 2012 Reform in Myanmar: One Year On mar hosts the South East Asia Games in 2013 and takes I. OVERVIEW over the chairmanship of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2014. One year into the new semi-civilian government, Myanmar has implemented a wide-ranging set of reforms as it em- Reforming the economy is another major issue. While vital barks on a remarkable top-down transition from five dec- and long overdue, there is a risk that making major policy ades of authoritarian rule. In an address to the nation on 1 changes in a context of unreliable data and weak econom- March 2012 marking his first year in office, President Thein ic institutions could create unintended economic shocks. Sein made clear that the goal was to introduce “genuine Given the high levels of impoverishment and vulnerabil- democracy” and that there was still much more to be done. ity, even a relatively minor shock has the potential to have This ambitious agenda includes further democratic reform, a major impact on livelihoods. At a time when expectations healing bitter wounds of the past, rebuilding the economy are running high, and authoritarian controls on the popu- and ensuring the rule of law, as well as respecting ethnic lation have been loosened, there would be a potential for diversity and equality. The changes are real, but the chal- unrest. lenges are complex and numerous. To consolidate and build on what has been achieved and increase the likeli- A third challenge is consolidating peace in ethnic areas. -
PEACE Info (March 26, 2018)
PEACE Info (March 26, 2018) − Supervisory committee is unable to set the date for Mon national-level political dialogue − Report Highlights Plight of Women Survivors of Conflict, Oppression − Army Shutters Myawaddy Checkpoint in Clampdown on Auto Smuggling − Snr-Gen Min Aung Hlaing’s Armed Forces Day Speeches − Ex-Lower House Speaker elected as Vice-President − Hopes high on U Win Myint presidency − Who is U Win Myint, Myanmar’s Likely New President? − Parliament schedules presidential vote for March 28 − Presidential election set for 28 March − U Win Htein returns as CEC secretary − Democratizing the Public Space in Myanmar − သမၼတသစ္အေနျဖင့္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္တြင္ပါ၀င္၍ တာ၀န္ယူေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားအစည္းအ႐ံုး အႀကံျပဳ − ပင္လံုညီလာခံတြင္ လံုၿခံဳေရးက႑ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်မွတ္ႏုိင္ေရး အႀကိဳေဆြးေႏြးမည္ − တိုက္ပြဲေတြေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာ့ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ေရွ႕မတိုးႏိုင္ဟု UNFC ေဝဖန္ − တပ္မေတာ္ႏွင့္ NCA လက္မွတ္ထုိးအဖဲြ႕မ်ား ထိေတြ႕မႈရွိ၊မရွိ ေဒသအလုိက္ အရပ္သားေစာင့္ၾကည့္အဖဲြ႕မ်ားဖဲြ႕စည္းမည္ − ဖာပြန္ခရိုင္အတြင္း လမ္းေဖာက္သည့္ကိစၥ တပ္မေတာ္ႏွင့္ KNU ေဆြးေႏြးမည္ − အစိုးရစစ္တပ္နဲ႔ ေကအန္ယူတို႔ မတ္လကုန္ပိုင္းမွာ ေတြ႕ဆုံဖို႔ရွိ − အစိုးရႏွင့္ မေတြ႕ဆံုမီ KNPP ဗဟိုေကာ္မတီအစည္းအေ၀းျပဳလုပ္မည္ − KNPP ေတ႔ြဆံုေဆြးေႏြးေရးေကာ္မတီ အစည္းအေ၀း က်င္းပ − မြန္အမ်ဳိးသားအဆင့္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ႀကီးၾကပ္မႈေကာ္မတီကုိ ဖြဲ႔စည္း − နိုင္ငံေရးေဆြးေႏြးမွု ေကာ္မတီဖြဲ႕ေပမဲ့ မြန္ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲက်င္းပဖို႔ မေရရာ − မြန္ျပည္သစ္ပါတီ အမ်ဳိးသားအဆင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးေဆြးေႏြးပဲြ ေရႊ႕ဆုိင္း − မြန္အမ်ိဳးသားအဆင့္ နိုင္ငံေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ အခက္အခဲမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ရက္ေ႐ႊ႕ဆိုင္းရန္ တင္ျပ − လူထုေတြ႕ဆံုပြဲမ်ားၿပီးမွ -
COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2003/297/CFSP of 28 April 2003 on Burma/Myanmar
L 106/36EN Official Journal of the European Union 29.4.2003 (Acts adopted pursuant to Title V of the Treaty on European Union) COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2003/297/CFSP of 28 April 2003 on Burma/Myanmar THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, will not be imposed if by that time there is substantive progress towards national reconciliation, the restoration of a democratic order and greater respect for human Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in parti- rights in Burma/Myanmar. cular Article 15 thereof, (6) Exemptions should be introduced in the arms embargo Whereas: in order to allow the export of certain military rated equipment for humanitarian use. (1) On 28 October 1996, the Council adopted Common Position 96/635/CFSP on Burma/Myanmar (1), which (7) The implementation of the visa ban should be without expires on 29 April 2003. prejudice to cases where a Member State is bound by an obligation of international law, or is host country of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (2) In view of the further deterioration in the political situa- (OSCE), or where the Minister and Vice-Minister for tion in Burma/Myanmar, as witnessed by the failure of Foreign Affairs for Burma/Myanmar visit with prior noti- the military authorities to enter into substantive discus- fication and agreement of the Council. sions with the democratic movement concerning a process leading to national reconciliation, respect for human rights and democracy and the continuing serious (8) The implementation of the ban on high level visits at the violations -
B U R M a B U L L E T
B U R M A B U L L E T I N ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞A month-in-review of events in Burma∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞ A L T E R N A T I V E A S E A N N E T W O R K O N B U R M A campaigns, advocacy & capacity-building for human rights & democracy Issue 20 August 2008 • Fearing a wave of demonstrations commemorating th IN THIS ISSUE the 20 anniversary of the nationwide uprising, the SPDC embarks on a massive crackdown on political KEY STORY activists. The regime arrests 71 activists, including 1 August crackdown eight NLD members, two elected MPs, and three 2 Activists arrested Buddhist monks. 2 Prison sentences • Despite the regime’s crackdown, students, workers, 3 Monks targeted and ordinary citizens across Burma carry out INSIDE BURMA peaceful demonstrations, activities, and acts of 3 8-8-8 Demonstrations defiance against the SPDC to commemorate 8-8-88. 4 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi 4 Cyclone Nargis aid • Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is allowed to meet with her 5 Cyclone camps close lawyer for the first time in five years. She also 5 SPDC aid windfall receives a visit from her doctor. Daw Suu is rumored 5 Floods to have started a hunger strike. 5 More trucks from China • UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma HUMAN RIGHTS 5 Ojea Quintana goes to Burma Tomás Ojea Quintana makes his first visit to the 6 Rape of ethnic women country. The SPDC controls his meeting agenda and restricts his freedom of movement. -
1 Myanmar Update
Myanmar Update – 15 February 2021 Summary • The Myanmar coup will likely lead to escalating civil resistance and a consequent heavy- handed military response. • The military will continue to expand control over the internet – leading to frequent “blackouts” • Monitoring the human rights situation as well as providing aid and development support will become increasingly difficult in the months ahead. Background to the November 2020 Elections Myanmar experienced five years of relative political stability after the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) handed power to State Counsellor (a position roughly analogous to Prime Minister) Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) following the November 2015 elections – which ended almost 50 years of military rule. Even then, however, the Tatmadaw retained substantial power, including the right to appoint a quarter of parliamentarians and control of key ministries. Elections to both Myanmar’s upper house - Amyotha Hluttaw - and lower house - Pyithu Hluttaw – took place on 8 November 2020. Suu Kyi’s NLD won a popular landslide, taking 161 (of the 224) seats in the Amyotha Hluttaw and 315 (of the 440) in the Pyithu Hluttaw, an even larger margin than in 2015. This equated to 83% of the available seats, while the Tatmadaw’s proxy, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), won a total of just 33 seats. The USDP immediately began making accusations of fraud after the vote although the Union Election Commission said there was no proof to support these claims and there has been little or no independent evidence either. The Tatmadaw also disputed the results, claiming that the vote was fraudulent, perhaps fearing that the NLD, with its majority, would amend the constitution to reduce the Tatmadaw’s political influence – a longstanding NLD campaign pledge. -
2009 October 26, 2009 Highly Repressive, Authoritarian Military Regimes Have Ruled the Country Since 1962
Burma Page 1 of 12 Burma BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR International Religious Freedom Report 2009 October 26, 2009 Highly repressive, authoritarian military regimes have ruled the country since 1962. In May 2008 the Government announced voters had approved a new draft Constitution in a nationwide referendum. Democracy activists and the international community widely criticized the referendum as seriously flawed. The new Constitution provides for freedom of religion; however, it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict those rights at will. Although authorities generally permitted most adherents of registered religious groups to worship as they choose, the Government imposed restrictions on certain religious activities and frequently abused the right to freedom of religion. There was no change in the Government’s limited degree of respect for religious freedom during the reporting period. Religious activities and organizations were subject to restrictions on freedom of expression, association, and assembly. The Government continued to monitor meetings and activities of virtually all organizations, including religious organizations. The Government continued to systematically restrict efforts by Buddhist clergy to promote human rights and political freedom. Many of the Buddhist monks arrested in the violent crackdown that followed pro-democracy demonstrations in September 2007, including prominent activist monk U Gambira, remained in prison serving long sentences. The Government also actively promoted Theravada Buddhism over other religions, particularly among members of ethnic minorities. Christian and Islamic groups continued to struggle to obtain permission to repair existing places of worship or build new ones. The regime continued to closely monitor Muslim activities. Restrictions on worship for other non-Buddhist minority groups also continued. -
University of Yangon Department of Anthropology
UNIVERSITY OF YANGON DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY EDUCATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN SITPINQUIN VILLAGE THANLYIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON SOE MOE NAiNG M.A. Antb.6 (2009-2010) YANGON MAY,20tO UNIVERSITY OF YANGON DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY EDUCATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN SITPINQUIN VILLAGE THANLYINTOWNSHIP, YANGON SOE MOE NAING M.A. Anth.6 (2009-2010) YANGON MAY,2010 UNIVERSITY OF YANGON DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY EDUCATION AND HEALTH EDUCAnON IN SITPINQUIN VILLAGE THANLYIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON Research Thesis is submitted for Master Degree in Anthropology Submitted By SOE MOE NAING M.A. Anth.6 ( 2009- 2010 ) YANGON 2010 EDUCATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN SITPINQUIN VILLAGE THANLYIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON EDUCATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN SITPINQUIN VILLAGE THANLYINTOWNSHlP, YANGON SOE MOE NAING M.A. Anth.6 ( 2009- 2010 ) Master Degree in Anthropology Department of Anthropology May. 2010 proved by Board of Examiners -.1:fl'-"'J'G k,J ~D:p\(\'" ............~~~. .. .... .... .. ?f.l~ . Chairperson External Examiner (Mya Mya Khln.Dr.] ( Myint Myint Aye) Associate Professor/Head Lecturer! Head Departmentof Anthropology Department ofAnthropology University ofYangon University of Dagon Supervisor Co-supervisor ( Mya Thidar Aung) ( Zin Mar Latt ) Department of Anthropology Department ofAnthropology University of Yangon University of Yangon Contents No. Particular Page Acknowledgements Abstract Key words Introduction Chapter (I) Research Methodology Data Collection 0). Key Informant Interview (ii). Interview (iii). Focus Group Interview Data Analysis 2 Chapter (II) Background Research Area 3 (I). History of Sitpinquin Village 3 (2). Geographical Selling 4 (3). Communication and Transportation 4 (4). Population 5 (5). Pattern ofHousing 6 (6). Operational Definition 6 Chapter (tIl) Education 8 (1). Local Perception on Education 8 (2). -
Silencing Dissent
Silencing Dissent SILENCING DISSENT The ongoing imprisonment of Burma’s political activists In the lead up to the 2010 elections Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) P.O Box 93, Mae Sot, Tak Province 63110, Thailand, e.mail: [email protected], web: www.aappb.org Silencing Dissent Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) P.O Box 93, Mae Sot, Tak Province 63110, Thailand, e.mail: [email protected], web: www.aappb.org Silencing Dissent Repression to silence dissent The widespread and unlawful detention of political activists has a significant impact on Burma's political environment in two main ways. Firstly, most of the prominent activists are removed from public or political life. Almost all of the 88 Generation student movement leadership is in prison preventing them from organising against the elections or educating the people on political issues. Lead members of National League for Democracy party, including democracy icon Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, are imprisoned, as are lead ethnic politicians who promote a peaceful tripartite dialogue and national reconciliation, such Gen Hso Ten and U Khun Tun Oo. Secondly, the harsh sentences handed down and the torture and punishments inflicted on political activists threatens the wider population, sending a clear message: refrain from opposition activities or risk the consequences. The consequences are well known. Unlawful arrest and detention and torture are practiced systematically in Burma and occurred throughout 2009 and 2010. These practices pose an ongoing threat to civilians; ensuring populations live in fear, thereby preventing any politically critical activities. This fear stifles dissent, prevents a vibrant civil society and halts any criticism of the regime; key components of a genuine democratic transition. -
Unlocking Civil Society and Peace in Myanmar
UNLOCKING CIVIL SOCIETY AND PEACE IN MYANMAR Opportunities, obstacles and undercurrents ABOUT THE COVER DESIGN: The cover design is a reflection of the dynamism of civil society in Myanmar, which is inherently complex, fluid, and interconnected. The bar charted along the outer circumference of the circle depicts the number of people working in each organisation. The inner lines meet when one of those people is engaged or connected with another organisation. The many crossings show how civil society interacts, networks, grows and expands. Alone they are each significant but together they make broad, impactful strokes. This visualisation was created using primary data collected throughout the research process for this Discussion Paper. CIVIL SOCIETY: A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE FAMILY & THE STATE FAMILY STATE RAPID GROWTH TRIGGERED BY TRANSITION & KEY EVENTS Cyclone Nargis 8888 Political Uprising 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s EFFECTIVENESS IN KEY PEACEBUILDING FUNCTIONS Social Service Facilitation/ Socialisation Advocacy Protection Cohesion Monitoring Delivery Mediation Low Medium High ✁ CIVIL SOCIETY IN MYANMAR: TRENDS 1 2 3 NEW ORGANISATIONS REGISTRATION POLICY CSOs A boom in new CSOs More groups are Want to engage ocially registering more in policy 6 5 4 YOUTH GENDER NETWORKS Youth organisations are Women’s organisations are CSO’s build networks becoming more prominent advocating for gender participation 7 8 9 CEASEFIRES CROSSBORDER LITERATURE AND CULTURE Bi-lateral ceasefires Cross-border Groups that preserve transform relations organisations are